US2189017A - Treatment of textile and other materials - Google Patents

Description

Patented Feb. 6, 1940 TREATMENT OF TEXTILE AND OTHER. MATERIALS Georges Bivat, Lyon, France,assignor to Henry Dreyfus, London, England No Drawing. Application February 18, 1937, Serial No. 126,383. In- France February 19,

1 Claim.

available by this method. In particular, these bodies are polymerisation products of aliphatic compounds containing one or more vinyl linkages, for example chlorinated vinyl acetylenes and polyvinyl chloride, poly-styrene and similar polymerised aromatic hydrocarbons containing one or more vinyl groups, highly chlorinated diphenyls or other diaryls, chlorinated naphthalenes or the like. Thus, for example, I may employ tetrachlornaphthalene or the substances known commercially as chlorinated rubber, electrog'um (chlorinated rubber with a chlorine content of 64 to 66% suppliedby Soeit dElectrochimie dUgine) and polymerized chloroprene. Considered generically, these substances are highly water-resistant, preferably have a high melting point, and in particular a melting point above- 90 C. and preferably above 100 0., are

soluble in organic solvents and are preferably soluble in the hydrocarbon type of solvent, for

example benzene, toluene or xylene, and/or in the relatively non-polar chlorinated hydrocarbon type of solvent, such as carbon tetrachloride, pentaand hexa-chlorethanes and perchlorethylene, and have, either alone or when mixed with suitable plasticisers, film-forming properties.

These new resists or reserves present substantial advantages over the starch or gum type of resists hitherto known, in that they are much 4 more resistant to the action of water, and particularly hot aqueous liquors, and have the advantage over the known wax resists such as stearin or other animal or vegetable waxes that they have a higher melting point and therefore a e capable of being employed to obtain-resist or r serve eflects in the application of colours, discharges, etc. which necessitate the use of hot aqueous liquors. Furthermore, those which'are soluble in the non-polar or relatively non-polar type of solvents may be considered as universal resists for application to all types of textile material in processes wherein aqueous liquors are employed in the application of the colour, dis- 55 charge, etc. Thus, they may be applied, the local effect obtained, and the resist or reserve removed without detriment to the textile material, with all the commercial types of textile material, in-- eluding cotton or oher natural cellulosie fibres,

viscose artificial silk or other regenerated cellu- 1056s,, wool, silk, or other animal or vegetable fibres, as well as cellulose acetate artificial silk. The resists or reserves of the present invention may be employed to obtain local effects in a wide variety of processes including colouring with 8 basic, acid, direct, vat or anthraquinone colours, according to the colour desired and according to the nature of the fibre or fibres, in the production of discharge effects with reduction or oxidation discharges, for example hydrosulphites, formaldehyde hydrosulphites, formaldehyde sulphoxylates, stannous chloride, chlorates and the like, and the production of local lustre effects upon cellulose acetate artificial silk and other materials capable of being delustred. Thus, for example, in the last process a cellulose acetate artificial silk reserved with the aid of the reserves of the present invention may be treated in a boiling or nearly boiling dilute solution of soap to obtain delustring on theunreserved portions while the reserved portions retain their original lustre. In manyof the above processes, notably in the dyeing of cotton or other natural or regenerated cellulosic materials with substantive and vat colours, in the dyeing of wool and silk, and in the dyeing of cellulose acetate artificial silk, it has hitherto been impossible to obtain local effects by bath treatments owing to the necessity of carrying out the bath treatments at relatively high temperatures, and accordingly the local effects in these operations have usually been effected by printing methods. Colourations ob tained by the present invention may in general be faster than those obtainable by printing methods and may, in fact, have the characteristic fastness of the dyeing methods while giving the variety of efiects obtainable by printing methods. Similarly, by printing methods it is often difficult to obtain good white discharges. The present method likewise gives improved effects in this respect. Again in the local delustring of cellulose acetate artificial silk, the local eflect had previously either to be obtained by using steam as the delustring agent, which is not so effective or uniform as hot aqueous liquors, or else the fabric had to be delustred uniformly and relustred locally.

The reserves or resists of the present invention may be applied in solution in organic solvents, for example benzene, toluene, monochlorbenzene, dichlorbenzene, monochlornaphthalene, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride or the like, and may be applied by any suitable metliiid of local application, for instance by printing rollers, engraved plates, by means of stencils or by screen printing, e. g. with a silk screen, and by aerographic methods. After application of the resist or reserve the fabric or other material may be dried at about 50 0., then subjected to the dyew g odichlorbenzene ing', discharging, delustring or other process, again dried, say at 40-50 0., and finally treated to remove the resist or reserve, for example by means of solution in one of the organic solvents mentioned above.

I As already indicated, it is sometimes desirable for the purpose of obtaining resists which are less brittle or form better films than the parent substance of the resist toadd plasticisers, for exam-- ple tricresyl phosphate or other triarylv phosphates, animal or vegetable oils and terebihthine. v

In some cases a highly chlorinated naphthalene or similar substance may serve as a plasticiser for another resist according to the inventiomior example chlorinated rubber.

The process of the present invention is of particular value in the treatment of fabrics, but it is of course also, applicable to the production of local effects on other materials, e. 'g. yarns, foils, films and the like. Thus a resist may be intermittently applied to yarns during their travel from one point to another by intermittently bringing them into contact with a roller supplied with. the resist, and the yarns so treated may then be immersed in adye bathjsothat the portions free from resist are dyed. On removal of the resist intermittently coloured yarns are thus obtained.

The following examples illustrate the resists to be used in accordance with the invention:

' Examples 1 1,

Parts by weisht Chlorinated rubber 100' Tetrachlornaphthalene 250-300 'Orthodichlorbenzene 300 a-monochlornaphthalene 300 The following are examples of processes for the production of local effects using the resists of the present invention,

Example 4 A cellulose acetate fabric is printed in a pattern with the resist specified in Example 2, and is then treated for about an hour in a 25% aqueous soap solution ata temperature of about 90 C. The fabric is then removed from the :bath, washed, dried and treated with a suitable solventto remove the resist. A locally delustred fabric is thus obtained.

' Example 5v A cellulose acetate fabric is printed in a pattern with the resist specified 'in Example 1, and

is thendyed in an aqueous bath containing a suitable cellulose acetate dyestu'fi, for example 4-nitro-2-methoxy-benzene=l azo 4 -diniethylamino benzene. It is then removed from the bath, washed, dried and treated to remove theresist.

A fabric exhibiting a coloured pattern is thus obtained. Having described my invention whatI desire to secure by Letters Patent is: f 'i {f Process for the productionof local colored ei-' fects on fabrics of cellulose acetate, which comprises locally printing'the materials with'a resist consisting substantially of 250-400f pa'rts of tricresyl phosphate, immersing the material for chlorinated rubber, 325-250 parts of toluene,.325-

250 parts of o-dichlorbenzene and 100 parts of;

a substantial period of time in'a hot aqueous dye liquid to dye the portions free "from the resist and then removing the resist'by means of an organic solvent. I

. GEORGES RIVAT.