US2177008A - Hydraulic motor - Google Patents

Description

l' J SNADER ET AL HYDRAULIC MOTOR i Filed July 23, 1937 I v l 25 aaagz 5 /646 v a y 9 A 4 a w NVENTO l 'jid @Snag/8) A C70/Wes (YQ/0,4%

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l. J. sNADER 'r AL HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed July 23, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet' 2 NVENTOQ c2 CZ Shader' C70/wes (YQ/@Aven d; 7M, 6M, @W05 `fearl 44.0.4 TToQug/s 'Pneef'ed'oet 24,19391 UNITED STATESA PATE-NT l*OFFICE mammie Moron.

Application July z3, 1931, sei-m No. 155,155

1s comme.- (ci. 121-62) which is adapted for high'pressure and high y speed operation in either direction of rotation.

' Another object is to provide a new and improved rotary hydraulic motor which is easily 1Y0 assembled and disassembled, and in which the wearing parts and 'particularly the valve mem' bers may be readily and conveniently replaced.

-A further object is to provide ahydraulic motor A 'with a novel operating valve having pressurej balanced self-seating iiat valve faces to avoid objectionable wear, and with novel means for preventing leakage fromthe fluid passages leading pto and from the valve. f Still another object is to provide a novel rotary hydraulic motor of! a small compact construe-1 tion capable of eliverlng a relatively large torque. e f

.A further object isto provide a new and improved rotary hydraulic motor 4adapted. for parallel mounting in multiple at close center distances as is desirable for independently operable multiple machine tool spindles.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the, description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a motor embodying the features of our invention.

Fig. 2 is an end elevational view of two motors. with the support therefor and one of the motors partially sectioned to illustrate the clamping.

means.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially along line 3--8 oi Fig. 1. l Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of Fig. 1.

Fl'gs. 5, andf are views of the valve means taken respectively `along lines Hand 9--4 otv Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of the-'sta- 45, tionary element of the valvemeans, partially in section along line 1-1 of Fig. 6. While -the invention is susceptible of' various modifications and alternative constructions, we

have shown in the drawings and will hereinb 5 describe in deteu the preferred embodiment, but

it is to be understood that we do not thereby v intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modincations and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the 'appended claims.

Referring more particularly to the drawings,

the hydraulic motor, constituting the exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprises a closed 5 housing 9 having pressure uid inlet and disl charge passages 9 and I0, an outlet shaft I I or 'power take-olf journaled in and projectingfrom the housing, a rotor I2 in the form of a multiple cylinder and piston assembly mounted within the 10 housing and. adapted to exert a tangential coinponent of thrust on the outlet shaft, and an end face valve I9 for controlling the connection of the passages 9 and I0 to the cylinders of the rotor. 1

The housing 8 may be of any suitable form, and preferably is substantially rectangular in shape, More particularly. the housing 8 has a bottom wall I4 adapted to be mounted on and secured to a suitable support, such as'a mounting pad I5, a top.wal1 I6, Vside-walls I'l and I8, and opposite end walls I9 and 20 respectively supporting the outlet shaft II and. the valve I3. Suitable clamp bolts 2| are xed in the mounting pad I5, and project upwardly u through corner portions of the"housing B for the reception of nuts 22 to secure the motor in position.

The parts within the `housing I are so constructed and arranged that the motor is relaso tively narrow. The side walls I1 and I8 are substantially at and parallel, and the bolts 2I are spaced inwardly therefrom suillciently to avoid the use of lprojecting ears or bosses.

Hence, a number of the motors may be mounted #u lin parallel relation with close center distances (seeFlg. 2), as is frequently desirable for independently driven multiple machine tool spindles. e

To provide a suitable mounting for the outlet o shaft II, the housing wall I9 is formed with'a circular opening 23. A sleeve 24 extends through and is fixed in the opening 23, and is formed on the outer end with a peripheral ilanse 25v Interposed betweenl the wall I9 and the ange 25 is a spacer ring 26 of a width to locate the sleeve 24 in proper axial position.

Opening through thesleeve 24 is a stepped bore'A 21 havingvan. annular stop flange 22 at the outer end, an? inwardly facing annular shoulder 29 adjacentthe outer end, and a peripheral groove 39 spaced inwardlytherefrom. Two suitable radial and axial thrust ball bearings II and 32 are secured in axiallyspaced relation in the -shaft I I.

.with, and has a peripheral shoulder 31 engaging the inner raceway of the bearing 3|. A nut 38, integral with a retainer disk 39 positioned against the inner face of the disk 34', extends into the sleeve 33, and is threaded onto the' inner end of a tie bolt 40 extending axially through and -anchored at the outer end in the The nut 33 and bolt 49 serve to lock` or clamp the shaft II and sleeve 33 together in axial position of assembly, with the inner raceways of the bearings 3l and 32 confined between the disk 34 and shoulder 31. An oil seal 4I confined in the bore 21 against the stop ange 28 prevents the outward leakage of oil along the shaft il.

The rotor I2 comprises a cylinderbody 42 which A is mounted for rotation on a ixed shaft 43 inclined to the shaft II at a suitable angle in a common axial plane. A plurality of parallel bores 44 open through the body42 in uniformly spaced relation about the shaft 43, and constitute the motor cylinders. Removably secured tothe end of the body4 42 remote from the disk 34, as by means of bolts 45, is a circular end plate 46 formed in its inner face with a plurality of 'bores 44B providing slightly enlarged closed end extensions of the cylinders 44.

'Ihe plate'46 has an end face 41 which bears rotatably-against an opposed. face 43 on a stationary body 49 rigidly secured in the housing 3. The stationary pin or shaft 43 is mounted on the body 49 and projects axially from the face 43. In the present instance, the shaft 43 has a reduced extension 59 slidably keyed against rotation in a bore 5I in the body 49. A bolt 52 extends through the bottom wall I4 of the housing 8 into axial threaded engagement with the extension 50, and serves to clamp the shaft 43 rigidly against the face 49. A head 53 on the outer end of the shaft 43 confines' the rotor I2 against'the body 49. Preferably, the shaft 43 has a close rotary t with the plate 46, and a relatively loose rotary flt with the body 42. 8S shown on` an exaggerated scale in Figs. 1 and 3, to obtain good seating engagement between the faces 41 and 48.

Disposed respectively for reciprocation in the cylinders 44 are a` plurality of plungers 54. The clearance space between the closed end extensions 44 of the cylinders 44 and the plungers 54 at 'the inner end of the stroke is small to insure 51. 'I'he rods 55 extend freely into the bores 55,v

and have enlarged rounded ends 53 engaging the sockets 51 for limited universal rocking movement. The connecting rods 55 are also provided with outer ball ends 59 which are disposed respectivelyfor universal rocking movement in a plurality of semi-spherical sockets 63 in the inner end face ofthe disk 34. It will be understood that the sockets 60 are annularly arranged in uniformly spaced relation about the axis of the shaft II. 'I'he disk 39, which is clamped against the end face of the disk 34, is formed with a plurality of circular openings -6I in bearing enxgagement with the cuter portions of the ball ends 59, and serves to anchor'or retain the latter inthe sockets 60. Consequently, the rods 55 are swiveled to the disk 34. l

To maintain the rotor I2 and the drive assembly in correct relative angular position, the disk 34 and cylinder body 42 are suitably geared together. Inl the present instance, a bevel gear 62 is formed integral jwith the periphery of the disk 34, and meshes with a Abevel gear 63 on the end of the body 42. The drive assembly is located axially, .by the use of a spacer 26 of selected width, to obtain the proper tooth clearance between the gears 62 and 63. Only a small load is placed on the gear teeth since the effective tooth pressure is substantially balanced by the tangential component of thrust of the connecting rods 55 on the dis'k 34.

The body 49 constitutes the stationary element of the valve I3, and preferably is in the form of a cylindrical valve plug tightly pressed into a hole 64 opening through the end wall 20 ofthe housing 3. 'I'he valve plug 4 9 is -located angularly by means of a longitudinal spline'65, and axially by means of an outer end flange 66 there- .on seating against a shoulder 61 in the outerend portion of the hole or bore 64. A screw'plug 63 is threaded into the outer end of the bore 64 against the end of the plug 49,'and serves t0 clamp the iiange 66 against the shoulder 61. `A plurality of lock screws 69 are threaded in uniformly annularly spaced relation through the plug 69, as shown in Fig. 2, into engagement with the outer end face of the plugs, and afford means for applying a uniform pressure thereto. 'I'he valve plug 49 extends parallel to the shaft II, and hence the inner end face'43 is disposed at a suitable angle to the longitudinal axis.

The contacting end faces 41 and of the replaceable plate 46 and the plug 49 constitute the faces of the valve I3. Opening respectively from the closed ends of the cylinders 44 to the face 41 are a plurality cfcylinder ports 1II. Preferably, the ports 10 open. from the innermost sides of the cylinders 44v so that they scavenged continuously of air and gases. This also results in locating the ports 10 close to the axis of rotation. thereby permitting of a small valve face area and reducing the peripheral speed.

Formed in the valve block 49, and opening to the stationary valve face 43 in ithe path of the cylinder ports 19 at opposite sides of the common axial plane ofthe shafts II and 43, are

two arcuate ports 1I and 12 separated by land l0 areas 13 and 14. A concentric drain groove 15 is formed in the face 43 about the ports 1I and 12 and isv relieved through passages 165 opening to the interior of the housing 3. The groove 15 'Iheblock49ispressedlntothehousing3wlth' sufcient pressure to subject the walls of the bore 64 to a greater stress than would normally be caused by the hydraulic pressure.

The ports 1I and 12 are connected through the valve plug 49 respectively to the two passages instance, two sets of bores 16 and 11 open from the bottom surfaces of the ports 1| and 12, and are intersected respectively by two longitudinal bores 18 and 19. Two transverse notches 80 and 8| in opposite sides of the plug 49 respectively intersect the bores 18 and 19, and complete the connections to the passages 9 and I0. The close and accurately made fit between the wall 20 and the block 49, with the pressure engagement at the shoulder 61, provides a fluid-tight seal preventing leakage from the passages 9.and Il) along the bore 64.

Either one of the passages 9 and I0 may be connected to a suitablesource (not shown) of motive fluid under pressure, the other opening to exhaust. Preferably, the passages 9 and I0 open vertically through the housing 8 (see Fig. 3) so that the pressure and exhaust connections may be made either at the top, the lower ends being sealed, or at the bottom,A through suitable passages (not shown) in the mounting pad l5, the upper ends being plugged.

Oil leaking into the housing 8 past the valve faces 41 and 48 or past the plungers 54 may be removed through any one of three normally closed holes 82, 83 and 84. The holes 82 and 83 also serve as assembly sight holes.

In operation, assume that motive fluid under pressure is supplied to the passage 9. The fluid will be directedthrough the, port 1| to the cylinders 44 on one side of the rotor l2, While the cylinders on the opposite side will be connected through the port 12 and passage ill to exhaust. 'Ihe plungers 54 on the pressure side .will bemoved outwardly, and will impart a tangential component of thrust to the disk 34, thereby rotating the shaft Il in a clockwise direction as viewedV from the right in Fig. 1. Connection of the passage I0 with the pressure source will reverse the direction of rotation.

The vmotor is quiet in operation, readily assembled and repaired, not subject to vexcessive wear, and capable of delivering a heavy torque for its vcompact size.

W e claim as our invention:

1. In a rotary hydraulic motor,` in combination.

a casing having an opening in one wall, and an f outlet shaft axially splined in said inner sleeve and having an inwardly facing annular shoulder, a plurality of pivotal connecting rods having f rounded ends disposed in said sockets, a retainer 2. In a rotary hydraulic motor, in combination, a casing having an opening in one wall, andan outlet drive assembly adapted to be removably mounted as a unit in said opening, said assembly comprising a bearing sleeve removably inserted into said opening and having an outer end flange, a replaceable spacer clamped between said housing and said flange to define the axial location of said sleeve, said sleeve having an axial bore with an inwardly facing annular shoulder'and with an annular groove spacedinwardly of said shou1der,two axially-spaced ball bearings with inner and outer raceways mounted in said bore, a snag ring in said groove for holding the outer raceway of the outermost bearing against said shoulder, an inner sleeve extending through and rotatably supported by the inner raceways of said bearings and having an end disk formed in the inner end face with a plurality of sockets annularly arranged about the axis of rotation, an outlet shaft axially splined in said inner sleeve and having an inwardly facing annular shoulder, a plurality of pivotal connecting rods having ball ends disposed in said sockets, a retainer disk having openings freely receiving said rods and disposed against said end face to confine said ball ends in said sockets, and a draw bolt extending axially through said shaft into threaded engagement with said retainer disk to clamp said inner raceways between said rst mentioned disk and said last mentioned shoulder, whereby the rotary parts of said assembly are secured in assembled said' shaft in a common axial plan'e, a rotor having a cylinder body loosely journaled on said pin and an end valve disk removably secured to said body and closely journaled on said pin for rotary bearing engagement with said valve plug, a plurality of cylinders'in said body and annularly arranged about said pin, a plurality of pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, and means including a plurality of yconnecting rods operatively connecting said pistons to said outlet shaft for revolution therewith to impart to the latter a tangential component of thrust.

4. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising, in combination, a casing having an elongated opening in one wall with an outwardly facing stop shoulder, an outlet shaft journaled in said casing in an opposite wall, a valve plug tightly pressed into said opening and having an inner end valve face, a .flange on said plug engaging said shoulder, means for clamping said flange against said shoulder, inlet and outlet passages opening through said valve plug to said face, a stationary pin mounted in said plug inclined to saidl shaft in a common axial plane, and a rotor mounted' on said pin and having a plurality of annularly arranged piston and cylinder units operatively connected to said shaft and having a rotary end face valve member bearing against said firstmentioned Aface for connecting said passages to the cylinders of said rotor vto effect reciprocation of the pistons of said rotor in timed sequence.

, 5. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising,A in combination, a casing having a cylindrical opening in one end wall with an outwardly facing sealing shoulder, an outlet shaft journaled in the other end wall of said casing, a cylindrical valve plug tightly pressed into said opening and having an inclined inner end valve face, a peripheral flange on the outer end of said plug engaging said shoulder, a screw plug threaded into the outer end of said opening against said valve plug, inlet and outlet passages opening through said valve plug to said face, a stationary pin removably mounted on said valve plug and inclined to said shaft in a common axial plane,'and a rotor mounted on said pin and having a plurality of annularly arranged piston and cylinder units operatively connected to said shaft and having a rotary end face valve member bearing against said first-mentioned face for connecting said passages to the cylinders of said rotor to effect reciprocation of the pistons of said rotor in timed sequence. l

' 6. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising, in combination, a casing having a cylindrical opening in one end wall with an outwardly facing sealing shoulder, an outlet shaft journaled in the other end wall of said casing, a cylindrical valve plug of steel tightly pressed into said opening and having an inclined inner end valve face not subiect to appreciable distortion, a peripheral flange on the outer end of said plug engaging said shoulder, spline means for holding said plug against rotation, a screw plug threaded into the outer end of said opening against said valve plug, a plurality of screws threaded through said screw plug against the outer end of said valve plug.,

inlet and outlet passages opening through said valve plug to said face, a stationary pin removably mounted on said valve plug and inclined to said shaft in a common axial plane, and a rotor on said pin and having a plurality of annularly arranged piston and cylinder units operatively connected to said shaft and having a rotary end face valve member bearing against said firstmentioned face for connecting said passages to the cylinders of said rotor to eiect reciprocation of the pistons of said rotor in timed sequence.

'7. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising, in combination, a casing having an elongated opening of substantial wall thickness, a single piece solid steel valve plug tightly pressed into said opening under stress to provide a fluidi-tight seal and to resist distortion under hydraulic pressure and having an inner end valve face with arcuate inlet and outlet ports, inlet and outlet passages opening respectively to said ports, a relief groove formed in said face concentrically about said ports to define a circumscribed pressure 'film area, va rotor having an end face valve member mounted for rotation against said valve face and having a plurality of parallel cylinders annularly arranged about the axis of rotation, a. plurality of pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, said valve member having ports opening respectively from the innermost sides of said cylinders for movement successively across said inlet and outlet ports, an outlet shaft mounted in said casmg, and means operatively.' connecting said pistons to said shaft.

8. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising', in combination, a casing having an elongated open-l ing of substantial wall thickness, a valve plug tightly pressed into said opening under stress to provide a fluid-tight seal and to resist distortion under hydraulic pressure and having an inclined inner end valve face with diametrically spaced arcuate inlet and outlet ports, inlet and outlet passages opening respectively to said ports, a rotor having a valve member with an end face mounted for rotation against said inclined face and having a plurality of parallel cylinders annu- .larly arranged about the axis of rotation, a plurality of pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, said valve member having ports opening respectively from said cylinders for movement'successively across said inlet and outlet ports, a relief groove formed in one of said faces concentrically of said axis and about said ports to define a circumscribed pressure film area between said faces, an outlet shaft mounted in said casing, and means operatively connecting said pistons to said shaft.

9. A rotary hydraulic motor comprising, in combination, a casing, an outlet shaft journaled in said casing, a valve member mounted in said cas- K ing and having a valve face with diametrically opposed inlet and outlet arcuate ports, a. pin secured to saidmember and extending perpendicular from said face at an angle to said shaft, a rotor having a multiple cylinder body loosely journaled on said pin and an end valve disk removably secured to said body and closely journaled on said pin for rotary self-seating engagement with said valve member, a plurality of pistons reciprocable in said cylinder body and annularly arranged about said pin, and means including a plurality of connecting rods operatively connecting said pistons to said outlet shaft for revolution therewith to impart to the latter a tangential component of thrust.

10. In a rotary hydraulic motor, a stationary valve member adapted to be removably mounted in a bore in a casing, and consisting of an elongated cylindrical single body of steel having an tion with a casing having an elongated opening in one wall of substantial peripheral wall thickness, a plug tightly pressed into said opening under stress to provide a fluid tight seal and to resist distortion under hydraulic pressure and having an inner end valve face with diametrically spaced outlet and inlet ports, inlet and outlet passages opening through said plug respectively to said ports, and means for removably securing said plug in said opening.

12. In a rotary hydraulic motor in combination with a casing havingan opening in one wall, a self-contained drive assembly adapted to be removably mounted as a unit in said opening and comprising an external bearing sleeve slidably intertting with said opening, antifriction bearings in said sleeve, an inner sleevel extending through and rotatably supportedby said bearings and having a disk on one end, a vshaft axially splined in the other end of said inner sleeve and having an inwardly facing annular shoulder, and means coacting with said inner sleeve and said shaft to clamp said bearings between said disk and said shoulder, whereby the parts of said assembly are secured in assembled relation.

13. A rotary'hydraulic motor comprising, in combination, a casing, an outlet shaft journaled in one wall of said casing, an elongated valve plug removably inserted in an opposed wall o! said casing and having a valve iace and pressure inlet and exhaust passages opening to and from said face, -a rotor having a plurality of annularly arranged piston and cylinder units and having a rotary valve member, means for coniining said rotor for rotation against said plug with said rotary valve member in operative bearing engagement against said valve face, and means includ- IRA J. SNADER. JAMES F. KOFFER.

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