US2176193A - Engraving and copying machine - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 17, 1939. w zw c 2,176,193

ENGRAVING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 28, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 39b 2gb {fob 7 I I: %z s ATTO EY F qJ I Oct. 17, 1939. K. ZWICK 2,176,193

ENGRAVING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 28, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. K zw cK 2,176,193

ENGRAVING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 28, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEIYTGR Get. 17, 1939,. zw cK 2,176,193

ENGRAVING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 28, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 mvmyrok firizzzrwk %7Js ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. K. zwlc'K 2,176,193.

ENGRAVING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 28, 1936 6 Sheets-Shet 6 .244 247 \XLL 245 2 242 M :1 /A 43 l 262 Fig. 257 Y 252 2+7 7 Y X 252 ANY/11111 2 "n. .'.i

INVENTOR 2 fur Zwzck BY.

" 1's ATTORNEY duction operation proceeds. A machine in which of apparatus constructed in accordance with cert t is free of the objections above noted. another embodiment of the invention; 50 I Patented Oct. 1 7, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

2,176,193 ENGRAVING AND COPYING momE Kurt Zwick, Munich, Germany, assignmto Friedrich Deckel, Mnnchen-Prinz-Ludwigshohe, Germany 7 Application March 28, 1936, Serial No. 71,483 In Germany April 2, 1935 34 Claims. (Cl. 90-13.1)

This invention relates to engraving and copytlon as the work, instead of being a reversed ing machines, using these words in a broad sense mirror image pattern or a pattern turned 180 as including die sinking machines. It is highly relatively to the work, and in which both the pat desirable that such machines shall be able to protern and the work may remain at rest on a staduce work on the same scale or size as the pattionary support, during. operation, so that large a tern or model, and also on a reduced or enlarged and heavy work pieces or patterns may easily be scale, as occasion requires. Heretofore, however, used. no simple, convenient, and efilcient machine for Still another object is the provision of such a accomplishing this has been devised. machine in which the pattern and the work may 10 Satisfactory machines are known in which-work be'placed closely adjacent to each other for siti may be reproduced on-the same scale or size as multaneous observation by the operator. the pattern or model, but in which reduction or A further object is the provision of such a maenlargement is not possible. Also, satisfactory chine in which more than one reproduction can reducing and enlarging machines have been probe made at the same time by a single tracing of duced, but on these, reproduction. on an equal the same pattern, under many circumstances. scale is not possible. It has also been proposed A further object is the provision of a machine to construct machines so that equal scale work of this character so constructed that when the and also reduction or enlargement work is posreduction or enlargement ratio is changed during sible, but these machines have been unsatisfacthe making of a single engraving or copy, the em tory for various reaso In all cases, the model gra ing or copy being made may remain clamped or pattern has had to be either turned through in its fixed position on the work table and need 180 with respect to the work, or has had to be not be shifted as a result of the change in the a complemental reversed or mirror-like pattern, ratio. or else either the work or the pattern has had A still further object is the provision of a meto be mounted to move during operation. chine particularly suitable for relief work, such When the pattern is turned through 180 relaas the making or sinking of various kinds of tively to the work, any given movement of the dies, and more especially of a machine in which tool operating upon the work must be produced the movements of the tracing point and of the by a movement in the opposite direction of the cutting tool may be entirely perpendicular to the hand guiding the tracer point, and this reversal surfaces of the pattern table and the work table, 30

oi motion is inconvenient. The use of a reversed notwithstanding difierences in elevation of the or mirror-image pattern is inconvenient and imdifferent parts of the pattern and work.

practical in many cases. Frequently, also, in such To these and other ends the invention resides machines, and particularly in machines where in certain improvements and combinations of the pattern is turned through 180 relatively to parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully dea l; the work, the pattern has been located so far scribed, the novel features being pointed out in from the work that it has been impossible or the claims at the end of the specification.

difficult for the operator to observe simulta- In the drawings:

neously the pattern and the work as the repro- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of one form either the work or the pattern ,must move during tain features of the present invention; operation, is unsuitedto heavy and large work Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the pieces or patterns, since in such cases the great apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

, weight of the necessary movable parts makes the Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 of a slightly 5 movements diflicult. modified form of apparatus; 4 An object of the invention is the production Fig. 4 is a side elevation, somewhat diagram- -of a generally improved and more satisfactory matic, of a machine constructed in accordance engraving machine, or copying machine, or a with a different embodiment of the invention; machine for both engraving and copying, which Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig.4 showing still Another object of the invention is the provision Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic plan view oi! the apof a machine in which the work may be reproparatus' shown in Fig. 5; duced either on the same scale or on an enlarged Fig. '7 is a front elevation of a machine conor reduced scale, and in which the pattern is simstructed in accordance with a preferred embodi- 11a;- to the work and oriented in the same direcment or the invention; ll

Fig. 8 is a side view of the machine shown in Fig. '1;

, Fig. 9 is a side view with parts in vertical section of the machine shown in Figs. 7 and 8, viewed from the opposite side from that shown in Fig. 8, the section being taken approximately on the line IX-IX of Fig. 10;

Fig. 10 is a lan of the machine shown in Figs.-

"land 8;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken su.bstan-,

. employ a pantograph system. The term pantograph" has often been rather loosely applied to denote two widely different types of linkages, and this has caused some confusion. For example, the type of linkage illustrated in Fig. 3 of my United States Patent No. 1,972,910, granted September 11, 1934, is often referred to as a pantograph. This type of linkage is suitable only for making reproductions of the same scale or size as the model or pattern, and is not used for producing a reduction or enlargement of the scale. For convenience, and to avoid confusion with the other type of pantograph linkage,'this type shown in my said patent may be referred to as a parallelogram linkage or a pantograph of the parallelogram type. i

The other type of linkage to which the term pantograp has frequently been applied, is a linkage such as that illustrated in Fig. 4 of United States Letters Patent No. 1,754,256, granted April 15, 1930, for an invention of Lorenz K. Braren. This type of linkage is suitable for reduction or enlargement, but is not suitable for. reproductions of the same scale or size as the model or pattern, unless the tracing p'oint be placed on the opposite side of the fixed pivot from the cutting tool, which is often inconvenient and unsatisfactory. For convenience, and to distinguish this type of linkage from the one previously mentioned, the linkage shown in said Braren patent may be referred to as a storksbill or lazytongs linkage or a pantograph linkage of the storksbill or lazytongs type.

Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the fundamental distinctions between these two types of linkages. .The terms used in the above description will be employed throughout the specification and claims, as occasion requires, to distinguish the two types of linkages from each other. i

Referring now'to the first embodiment of the invention illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 2, there is provided a pantograph linkage of the lazytongs type, made up of members 2!,

22, 23, and 24, joined to each other preferably in an adjustable manner, such as that disclosed in said Braren patent, the member 2| being pivoted to the frame of the machine on the fixed vertical pivot. The arm 22 carries a socket or holder 26 in which'may be inserted either a tracing point 'or a cutting tool (preferably a rotary cutting tool driven by a suitable motor) which may cooperate with a pattern or work placed on the table 21.

A beam 30 is slidable longitudinally along guideways on a U-shaped member 3| having legs 32 slidable in fixed guideways 33 extending ina direction substantially perpendicular to the beam 30. Thus the beam 30 is movable in one direction in a horizontal plane by movement along its U-shaped support 3i, and movable in another direction at right angles thereto by moving the whole support 3! in and out relatively to the guides 33. In other words, the beam 30 is universally movable (within reasonable limits) in its own horizontal plane, and maintains always a position parallel to itself; that is, each position that it can occupy is parallel to every other position that it can occupy, so that when the beam is moved, every part of the beam partakes of the same movement of identical extent and direction. In other words, the beam is capable of motion of translation but is restrained against motion of rotation,

This beam 30 carries two or more sockets 35 and 35, similar to the socket 26, so that either socket may receive the tracing point or a cutting tool, at will, which tracing points or cutting tools are adapted to cooperate with patterns or work placed upon the holding tables 3? and 38.

At the point 39, on a direct line between the holder 26 and the fixed pivot 25, the lazytongs linkage is connected to the beam 30. Thus,

whenever the point 26 of the lazytongs linkage is moved, the point 39 thereof is correspondingly moved by a proportionately smaller amount depending on the setting of the pantograph linkage, and since the point 39 is directly connected -to the beam 30, it causes corresponding movement of the beam 30. Thus the sockets 35 and 36, and any cutting tools held in either or both of these sockets, partake of the same movement as the point 39 of the lazytongs linkage, namely, a movement corresponding to but in reduced scale relatively to the movement of the point 26.

It is now apparent that if a tracing stylus be inserted in the socket 26 and cutting tools in one or both of the sockets 35 and 36, the movement of the tracing stylus over a pattern or model will cause a corresponding reproduction of the pattern or model, on a reduced scale, on workplaced upon the tables 31 and 38. If enlargement is required instead of reduction, the tracing stylus can be placed in either of the sockets 35 and 36, while the cutting tool is placed in the socket 26. When reproductions on the same scale are desired, without either enlargement or reduction, the tracing stylus is placed in one of the sockets on the beam 30 (for example, the socket 35) and the cutting tool is placed in the other socket on the beam 30 (for example, the socket 36). For such equal scale reproductions, the lazytongs linkage may be entirely disconnected from the beam 30 if desired, but frequently it is convenient to ,leave it connected to the beam and to use a suitableholder in the socket 26 as a handle by which to operate the linkage to move the beam 30 with less force than would be required if the of the work. Also, when reductions or enlargebe observed simultaneously during the progress ments are being made, the pattern and the work Ill" Fig. 3

. sition relatively to the an unchanged position,

are close to each other, both on the same side of the fixed pivot 25 of the lazytongs linkage, so that they may be conveniently observed, and it is especially pointed out that in all cases the pattern and the work correspond with each other and are faced or oriented in the same direction, so that it is not necessary to have the pattern turned 180 relatively to the work, not to have the pattern of reversed or mirror-image form.

of the drawings is shown a slight modification of the structure above described. Here, instead of connecting the point 39 of the lazytongs linkage directly to the beam 30, the point 39 is pivoted to a block 40 which may be clamped in any desired position along a bar 4| secured to the beam and extending in a transverse direction thereto. The advantage of this construction is that when the adjustment of the lazytongs linkage is changed, to change the ratio of reduction or enlargement, the member may be loosened and shifted to a new position on the bar 4!, leaving the bar M and the beam 30 in so that the work need not be shifted to a new position.

If the guides 33 along which the U-shaped member 3|, 32 moves are fixed in stationary pomachine frame, it will be apparent that the machine will be limited in its usefulness to fiat or approximately flat engraving or copying work. A modified form of construction, which may be used also for relief work, has therefore been devised, and is illustrated somewhat diagrammatically in Fig. 4 of the drawings, to which reference is now made.

This machine comprises a frame tables 21a and 31a coresponding to the and 31 in the embodiment (previously Pivoted to the frame 45 by means oi. tially horizontal pivot shaft as, This carrier contains the guides 33a in which the arms 32a of the U-shaped member am may move. The beam 30a is slidably mounted on the U-shaped member Ma. The carrier M also has a substantially vertical pivot 25a, forming the fixed point of the lazytongs linkage, comprising the bars 21a, 22a, 23a, and 2441, which lie has a socket 26a for receiving either a tracing point 48 or a cutting tool, as desired, and the beam 30;: has one or more sockets 35a for receiving a tracing point or a cutting tool it, as desired. The lazytongs linkage is connected as before, at the point 39a, to a block the which may be clamped in any desired position on the bar 4la secured to the beam 30a.

This construction differs from that described in connection with Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, only in the fact that the lazytongs linkage pivot 25a and carrying tables 21 described. a substan- .the guides 33a for the U-shaped member are both mounted on the carrier 41 movable about the horizontal shaft 46, instead of being mounted on fixed parts of the frame, and most of the parts of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 are indicated by the same reference numerals used in Figs. 1 to 3. inclusive, with the addition of the letter "a". It will be seen that when the tracing point, mounted for example in the socket 26a, traces over a pattern in high relief, the upward and downward movements of the tracing point will simply rock the carrier 41 slightly about its horizontal pivot 46, and this in turn will cause rocking of the arms 32a of the U-shaped member 3!, carrying 49' upwardly, ordownwardly to the cutting tool the proper extent to reproduce, in the work, the relief formation of the pattern or model.

In order to obtain an exact ratio equivalence is a carrier d7.

between the model and the work, the end of the tracing stylus 48 and the end of the cutting tool 49 should both lie exactly in a common plane passing'through the axis of the shaft 66, as indicated by the dot-dash line 60, and the axis of the fixed pivot 25a of the lazytongs linkage should also pass directly through the axis of the horizontal pivot 46, as indicated by the dot-dash line 5|.

A further embodiment of the invention, exhibiting various improvements over the forms above described, will now be disclosed with particular reference to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.

In these figures, the machine frame is indicated at 45b, and it carries pattern and work tables 21b, 31b, and 38b, corresponding to tables 27, 31, and 38, previously described. The frame 45b has a horizontal pivot 46b on which is pivoted the carrier 41b in which is mounted the vertically fixed pivot 25b of the lazytongs linkage system, the parts of which maybe identical with the lazytongs system described in connection with Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, and which parts are indicated by the same reference numerals used for the corresponding parts in Figs.- 1 to 3,

with the addition of the letter "1) to each nu-' meral. In this embodiment, the lazytongs linkage is connected as before, at the point 3%, to the member dllb capable of being clamped in any desired position along the bar Mb mounted on the beam 30b capable of universal movement of translation but remaining always parallel to itself. This mounting of the beam liiib for a movement of translation without any movement of rotation may be accomplished by the use of a U-shaped member such as the member 35, -32 previously described, or it may be accomplished by mounting the beam 30b on a linkage of the type above referred to as a parallelogram linkage. "I'he mounting is here shown, by way of example, as a parallelogram linkage mounting, including the bars and 56 pivoted at their right hand ends to the beam 30b and extending parallel to each other and pivoted at their left hand ends to the bars 5? and 58 respectively, which are also parallel to each other and which are pivoted to the member 59. A bar 6i! connects the Joint between the bars SEi-and 51 to the joint between the bars 55 and 58. With this type of linkage, it is seen that the beam 302) may move horizontally in all directions, as required. As before, the beam carries two or more sockets 35b and 36b, in each of-which either a tracing stylus or a cutting tool may be placed, as required.

The member 59, to which the parallelogram linkage carrying the beam 301) is pivoted, is mounted for vertical movement along a vertical guideway 62 on the frame 45b of the machine. The weight of the member 59 and. of all parts supported therefrom is counterbalanced by means of a counterweight 64 connected to the member 59 by a cord or band 65 passing over a pulley 66 mounted on the machine frame. Preferably'also there is another pulley 61 below the pulley 66, and a cord or band 68 of adjustable length passes downwardly from the counterweight 64, around the pulley 61, and up to a connection with the member 59, so that the mass inertia of counterweight 64 may be utilized for the attenuation or damping of the vertical vibrations of the tool holder and other parts directly or indirectly carried by-the member 59.

An arm 10 is pivoted at one end, by means of a vertical pivot, to the beam 30b, and at the other end is pivoted, by a vertical ivot, the arm II which carries the socket 12 in which may be placed either a tracing stylus I3 or a cutting tool, as required. The tool or stylus is mounted so as to be vertically slidable through the socket 12. The upper end of the tracing stylus is pivotally connected at 14, as by means of a universal joint, to a member I5 fixed to the lazytongs linkage in a position corresponding tothat of the point 26. A handle I6 may be provided for convenience in guiding the stylus over the pattern.

With this arrangement, relief work can be efficiently done, and yet at all times the tracing point 13 and the cutting tool 49b will remain strictly perpendicular to the surfaces of the tables 21b and 31132, with greater ease in cutting vertical surfaces, and as distinguished from the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, in which 9. raising or lowering of the tracing stylus and cutting tool results in a slight tilting of the axis of the stylus and tool relatively to the tables 214: and 31a, throwing them out of a true perpendicular position, In the improved arrangement of Figs. 5 and 6,-when the stylus I3 moves up, it slides vertically through the guiding socket '02 which remains always vertical by reason of the vertical pivots of all of the linkage bars between the socket 12 and the member 59. The raising of the stylus 13 raises the member I5 on the end of the lazytongs linkage, thus tilting the lazytongs linkage upwardly and swinging it around its horizontal pivot 46b. This upward tilting of the lazytongs linkage pulls upwardly to a corresponding but reduced extent on the member 40b fastened to the bar llb, and thus pulls upwardly on the beam b, raising the entire parallelogram linkage and member 50, which may move vertically very easily because of the counterbalancing effect of the counterweight 64. The vertical movements of the tracing stylus thus result in true vertical movementv of the cutting tool, even though the lazytongs linkage is tilted about its horizontal axis 40b. g

The same thing holds true if the positions of the stylus and cutting tool be reversed, when it is desired to make enlargements rather than reductions. In that event, the cutting tool is slidable vertically through the socket I2 and is connected through the universal joint I4 to the lazytongs linkage part I5, which controls or produces the upward and downward movements of the cutting tool. For reproductions on an equal scale, the cutting tool and the tracing-stylus are both mounted in the sockets on the beam 30b. The lazytongs linkage then may be. disconnected from the beam or, preferably, is used for operating the beam in the desired manner by a smaller force than would be required if the force were applied directly to the beam.

In connection with exceptionally difllcult work, such as the milling of dies and the like, it is advisable totransmit' the'thrusts as directly as possible from the tracing point to the tool holder. This may be facilitated if the bar MD is not fixed immovably on the beam 30b, but is movable to different positions along the beam, asby being mounted on dove-tail guides as shown in Fig. 5. A clamping screw or other suitable means is provided for holding the bar in any desired position on the beam. Hence, when only one cutting tool is in use, the bar lib can be shifted, along the beam 301) to a position close to that cutting tool, and when two cutting tools are in use, the bar may be centered midway between them.

The use of the bar b, as previously explained in connection with Fig. 3, permits a change of .the reduction or enlargement ratio during the progress of the work, without the necessity of unclamping and resetting the work in a new position 5 on the work table.

To insure accuracy of reduction or enlargement, the axis of the vertical pivot 25b should intersect the axis of the horizontal pivot 461), as shown by a dot-dash line in Fig. 5, and the 10 universal joint 14 between the members I3 and I5 should lie in a line drawn through the axis of the horizontal pivot 46b and through the pivot connecting the member 3317 to the member 40b, as indicated by another dot-dash line in Fig. 5. 15

A preferred embodiment of a complete engraving and copying machine, employing the main principles of the embodiments previously dis-v closed, and also having further advantageous features, will now. be described with reference to 5% Figs. '7 to 14, inclusive.

The machine comprises a main frame or standard Ililon which are mounted the tables H02 and I03, each having suitable slots, such as T-shaped slots, by means of which the pattern and work may be conveniently clamped to the tables. The table I02 is mounted on a slide I00 movable horizontally along guideways on a slide I00 which is movable vertically along guideways on the frame IN. A screw controlled by the g; handle I06 serves to move the table I02 horizontally, while another screw or other suitable mechanism controlled by the handle I01 serves to move the table vertically.

The other table I03 is movable horizontally 35 along guideways on a slide IIO which is likewise movable'horizontally along guideways at right angles to the first mentioned guideways, on a slide II I which is movable along vertical guideways on the frame IOI. A feeding screw or other 40 suitable mechanism controlled by the handle II2 serves to move the table I03 horizontally in one direction, while a feeding screw or other suitable mechanism controlled by the handle H3 moves the table I03 horizontally in the direction at right angles thereto, and a screw or other suitable mechanism controlled by the handle H4 moves the table vertically.

Suitable graduations are preferably associated with each of the feeding handles I06, I01, H2, H3, and II, in order that the'tables may be quickly set to any desired position or moved through any predetermined distance. The vertical slides I05 and III preferably also carry pointers or index markings H0 and 1, respectively, which cooperate with a scale H8 fixed to the frame IOI, so as to show the respective heights of the top surfaces of the two tables. The table I02 may conveniently be referred to as the pattern table and the table I03 as the work 6 table, although in some circumstances the pattern is placed on the table I03 and the work is placed on the table I02, as, for example, when making a reproduction on an enlarged scale.

Near the top of the main frame IOI is a mem- 5 her I20 accurately guided in vertical guideways so that it may move upwardly and" downwardly relatively to the main frame. This vertically movable member I20 carries a pair of horizontally arranged and forwardly projecting guldsways III on which are slidably mounted the side arms I22 of. a U-shaped frame, which side arms are rigidly connected to each other by the cross bar I23. Ball bearings are preferably interposed between the members I2I and I22 so that the U- 7| ner, one of the arms (such as I49) being adjust-- which will be explained hereafter.

shaped assembly carrying the bar I23 may move horizontally with great case. This bar I23 may also move upwardly and downwardly, of course, carrying with it the members I20 and I2l. The forward ends of the members I2I and I22, where they project beyond the member I20, are preferably enclosed by an accordion pleated bellows I, to protect the guideways between the members I2I and I22 from dust, dirt, and the like.

' A beam I25 is movable on horizontal guideways (preferably provided with ball bearings as indicated in Fig. 9) formed on the bar I23. Thus the beam I25 may move horizontally in one direction along its guideways on the bar I23, and it may move horizontally in a direction at right angles thereto by moving the entire bar I23 inwardly or outwardly on the guideways I2I, and it may move vertically by moving the entire guideways HI and member I20 in a vertical direction along the frame I M. The beam .is thus capable of a universal movement of translation in any direction to any extent (within the limits of the machine) but is restrained by the guideways against any movement of rotation, so that all positions which the beam I25 may assume are strictly parallel to each other.

The beam I25 carries a plurality of sockets two of which are shown at I21and I28, respectively, and all of which sockets are adapted to receive interchangeably, as desired, either a rotary cutting tool or a tracing stylus. One or more of the sockets may be adjustable horizontally to various positions along the beam I25, horizontally extending guideways I29 (Figs. 7 and 9) being provided in the beam An arm or link I3I is pivoted at one end to the beam I25 by means of a vertical pivot I 32, which may conveniently be attached to the holder or socket I28, instead of being secured immovably to the beam I25. The opposite end of the arm I3I is pivoted by another vertical pivot I33 to one end of the arm I34, the other end of which is provided with a socket I the purpose of By reason of the vertical arrangements of the pivots I32 and I33, the linkage formed by the arms I3I and I34 is freely flexible in a horizontal direction, and the socket I35 may, therefore, be moved freely to any desired position in a horizontal direction, but the linkage is perfectly rigid in a vertical direction and the socket I35 is therefore held in a strictly vertical position at all times, even though it may move up and down relatively to the frame I0 I when the beam I25 moves up and down.

Substantially at the top of the main frame I0 I above the member I20, is a horizontal clamping slot I40, and a block I4I may be moved along this slot and clamped in any desired position relatively thereto. This block I4I carries a horizontal pivot I42 (Fig. 8) on which is pivoted a carrier I43 having a vertical pivot I44 forming the main or fixed pivot of a lazytongs pantograph system or linkage. The lazytongs linkage may comprise, for example, the arms I46, I41, I48, and I49 pivoted to each other by vertical pivots in the usual lazytongs pantograph manable to diflerent positions along its companion arms (such as I41 and I48) in order to set'the lazytongs linkage for diiferent ratios of reduc tion or enlargement. A member I55, settable to diiferent'positions along the arm I49,- carries a vertical pivot I56 which extends downwardly below the bottom of the member I as shown in Fig. 9. and is connected to a horizo t l P t 51 I25 for this purpose in a bracket I58 which may be moved to and clamped in any desired position along a horizontal guideway on a bar I59 secured to the top. of the beam I25 and extending horizontally in a direction transverse to the length of the beam, as indicated in Fig. 10. This bar I59 may be fixed immovably in a given position on the top of the beam I25, is desired, but preferably it is movable to any desired position along a clamping groove I60 formed along the top of the beam I25, and when shifted to the desired position, the bar I59 may be clamped in such position by any suitable means such as the bolt I6I (Fig. 9).

At the outer end of the lazytongs arm I41 is a downward projection I connected through two pivots at right angles to each other, forming a universal joint, indicated generally at I66, to the upper end of a tube I61 which is slidable vertically within the holder I35 on the arm I34. This tube I01 is thus guided by the holder I35 so that it is maintained always in a strictly vertical position, and the universal joint I66 permits this vertical position of' the tube notwithstanding a tilting and a swinging of the member I65 and the other parts of the lazytongs linkage about the:

horizontal axis I42, and the vertical axis I44, during operation. The tube I61 forms a socket for receiving a cutting tool spindle assembly, the universal joint I66 being made sufliciently large so as to accommodate a tool spindle driving pulley l68 without interference. The lower end I69 of the spindle is adapted to receive interchangeably, as desired, either a tracing stylus or a cutting tool, indicated at I10. When a tracing stylus is used, there is, of course, no belt connected to the pulley I68, so that the spindle does not revolve, but when a cutting tool is used, the pulley I68 is suitably driven by a belt and the tool revolves in the usual manner.

In order to support the weight oi the vertical slide I20 and all other parts supported therefrom,

counterweight or spring means is provided within the machine frame. As shown in Fig. 9, this means may conveniently be in the form of a spring I having its lower end secured to a screw I8I having a nut I82 connected to a disk I83 which may be turned by means of pins I84, so as to vary the tension of the spring I80. The upper end of the spring is connected to a. cord,

or, preferably, a steel band I86, which is secured .50

to and runs over a pulley portion I81, the periphery of which is of a radius gradually increasing in an upward direction, as shown. The rate of increase of the radius of this pulley portion is so chosen with respect to the characteristics of the spring I80 that the product of the force of the spring at any given degree of extension thereof times the radius of the pulley portion at the point where the band I86 is tangent to it, is a constant.

By this means, the spring I80 exerts a constant force tending totum the pulley, rather than a force which is variable when the spring is stretched to a greater or less degree.

The pulley portion I81 is rigidly connected to another pulley portion I88 ofuniform radius, to which is attached a band I89 extending upwardly and running over an idler pulley I90 and thence downwardly to a point I 9| where it is connected to the slide' I20. Thus, by properly adjusting the spring tension by means of the nut I82, the spring 2 can be set so as to counterbalance exactly the weight of the slide I 20 and all other parts supported thereby, and the slide I20 can be moved upwardly and downwardly along the. frame IOI with great ease since the force tending to lift the slide I is constant irrespective of the movements of the slide.

In order to limit the'downward movement of the slide I20 to any desired extent, there is provided a rotatable member I95 accessible on the top of the frame MI and suitably graduated so that this member may be set in any predetermined position. to and depends from this rotatable member or head I95 which screw passes into a socket in the slide I20 and is there provided with a nut ll91 which can slide vertically in the socket of the slide I20, but which can not turn therein, the nut and socket being made non-circular or else the nut having a pin projecting into a vertical slot in one side of the socket. A ring I98 fixed to the slide I20 surrounds the screw I98 above the nut I91 but does not engage the screw threads of the screw so that the screw is freely slidable vertically through this ring. Slide I20 and associated parts may, therefore, move downwardly until the ring I98 comes to rest on the top of the nut I91, but may not move any farther, andthe elevation at which this contact between the parts I91 and I98 takes place may be adjusted by turning the head I95. This serves as a depth limiter. As previously mentioned, the sockets I21 and I28 on the beam I25 may be so constructed that they may receive either a cutting tool or a tracing stylus, at will; The construction may be such that the whole cutting tool spindle may be removed when not needed, and a tracing stylus may be substituted therefor. On the other hand, if preferred (as is often the case) the cutting tool spindle may remain permanently in the socket I21 or I28, and the cutting tool may simply be removed from the end of the spindle when not needed, and be replaced'by a tracing stylus secured to the spindle, the driving of the spindle being omitted, of course, when the cutting tool is not used.

A preferred arrangement of cutting tool spindle, remaining in place within the socket, is indicated in Figs. 12 and 13. Here, the socket or holder I21 is indicated, but it is obvious that the same construction may also be used for the socket I28 or any other tool spindle sockets of this machine. Fixed in the upper end of the socket I21 is a sleeve 20I having suitable bearings 202 (preferably ball bearings) for holding a rotatable tube 203, the upper end of which is provided with a driving pulley having belt grooves 204 and '205.

Vertically slidable in the lower part of the socket I21 is a sleeve 201 having ball bearings 208 and 209 for supporting a rotatable spindle 2 I0. The spindle is connected to and driven from the rotating tube 203 by means of an upward extension 2II at the top of the spindle 2I0 which extension is of non-circular cross section, as shown especially in Fig. 13, and which fits slidably into a similarly shaped part at the bottom of the tube 208. Thus the sleeve 201, spindle 2I0, and extension 2 may slide upwardly and downwardly relatively to the sleeve 20I and 203, but

the spindle is at all times operatively connected to and driven from sleeve 203. At the-lower end of the spindle 2I0 is a socket which may receive,- as desired, either a cutting tool H5 or a tracing stylus, either of which may be clamped in the spindle socket by suitable means, such as a collet or split collar 2I8 and a clamping nut 2".

In order to control the vertical movements of the sleeve 201 and spindle 2I0 within the holder I21, there is provided a pin 220 secured to the sleeve 281 and projecting outwardly through a A long screw I98'is connected that the housing may swing horizontally .desired position around the pulley 24 I, but .is

slot 22I in one side of the holder I21 to an accessible external head which may be grasped when desired to raise or lower the spindle. Intermediate its length, the pin 220 passes through a vertical member 223 slidable vertically through a bore in an extension on the holder I21. The lower end of this member 223 is hollowed out to form a cavity. in which is placed a spring 224 pressing at its upper end against the member 223and reacting at its lower end against a cap 225 threaded into the holder I21. Thus the spring constantly tends to raise the member 223 and with it to raise the sleeve 201 and spindle 2 I 0.

The upper-end of the member 223 is in the form of a screw threaded shank 221 which is engaged by screw threads on the inner surface of a sleeve 228 having an accessible head 229 which may be turned for purposes of adjustment. This threaded sleeve 228 is rotatable within, but held against vertical movement relatively to, a second sleeve 230 which is slidable vertically in the above mentioned bore in the holder I21, and which may be held in any desired vertical position by tightening a clamping nut 23I to reduce slightly the diameter of the bore in which the sleeve 230-is movable.

By this construction, when the clamp 23I is clamped to hold the sleeve 230 against vertical movement, the head 229 may be rotated to turn the sleeve 228 relatively to the screw threads 221, and thus to raise or lower the tool spindle slightly in order to place the tool exactly in the right position relatively to the work. When the tool has been properly located; it may be maintained in this position by tightening a clamp 232 which has the effect of clamping the sleeve 2 01 immovably in the holder I21. If it is desired to raise the tool for a while and later return it to exactly the same position, this may be done by loosening the clamps 232 and 23I, so that the spring 22% will raise the sleeve 201, the sleeve 230 then rising in its bore. To return the spindle to its previous position, downward force is applied to the cap 229 or pin 220 or both, pushing these parts downwardly until an annular I sleeve 230 rests upon the surface at the the bore in which this sleeve is received. Then the clamps 23I and 232 are tightened, or, if further adjustment is-desired, the clamp 23I is tightened and the clamp 232 is left loose, after which the head 229 may be rotated to produce such further adjustment as required.

For driving the tool spindles, an electric motor '240 maybe secured to one side of the machine frame 'IOI. At the upper end of the armature shaft of this motor is a pulley24l over which a driving belt may pass to a second pulley 242 top of mounted on a bearing on an am 243 slidable.

longitudinally along a housing 244 which has a bearing 245 concentric with the pulley I so to any restrained against any tilting movement, so that the housing 244 acts as a cantilever and supports the weight of the pulley 242 and other parts. A clamp 248 serves to hold in any desired position to produce the proper tensionon the belt 241 running from the pulley 2 to the pulley m. 1

The pulley 242 is secured to a sleeve 248 which extends downwardly from the pulley and to which is secured a second pulley 249 over which may run a belt 250 extending to the pulley 204, 205 on the tool spindle. A housing 252 surrounds the belt and runs from the pulley 24-I to the pulley flange at the top of the all the sliding member 243 the lower end 258 of leys 242 and 249 are mounted, by means of a spherical bearing 258, so that the housing 252 I only protecting the belt, but also exerting the necessary forceto resist or counterbalance the tension of the belt 250.- Because of the fact that, during operation, the tool spindle may move vertically to a considerable extent relatively to the motor 240, this-housing 252 must be connected in such a manner as to permit such rising and falling movement of the spindle. One end of the housing is, therefore, pivotally connected to a sleeve member 253 surrounding and rotatable upon thesleeve 20I of the spindle, by means of pivot pins 254. (Figs. 12 and 14) extending generally transversely to the length of the housing 252, so that this housing may tilt about these pins 254 as an axis. A member 258 is slid able longitudinally along the housing and may be clamped-in any desired position by means of the clamp 251. This member 256 is engagedwith the shaft on which the pulm, m, not

may. tilt laterally as well as longitudinally, or in any desired direction, relatively to the shaft 258, although the housing is at all times supported by this shaft. Thus the housingforms a connection between the tool spindle shaft and the pulley shaft 258 which is flexible in a vertical direction but rigid inga horizontal direction, so as to maintain the tension on the belt 250. As the tool spindle moves horizontally over the work, this results, of course, in horizontal movement of the pulley shaft 258, turning this shaft about the motor shaft as a center.

When a tool is used at the position I10 so that it is necessary to drive the pulley I80 to drive the spindle within the tube I51, then a belt is run from the pulley I68 to a special groove 282 on the pulley 242, and the housing 252 is removed and replaced by a rod-like spacer connected on the one hand to the member 258, and on the other hand to a suitable part of the spindle tube I81.

From what has previously been said, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when a reproduction on a reduced scale is to be made, the pattern may be placed upon the table I02 and the work may be placed upon the table I 03. A tracing stylus I10 is then mounted in the tube I51, and a cutting tool 2I5 is mounted on the spindle 2I0 within the holder I21. If the repro-'- duction be a die or other work in relief, the upward and downward movements of the tracing stylus I10 will cause the lazytongs linkage to tilt upwardly and downwardly about pivot I42, and these vertical movements will be correspondingly transmitted, though on the proper reduced scale, from the lazytongs'system through the pivot connection I55, I51, to the beam I25 on which the cutting tool 2I5 is mounted. Horizontal movements of the tracing stylus I10 in any-desired position will likewise be'transmitted through the connection I58, I51, to the beam I25, whichwill thus at all times move in exactly the same direction as the tracing stylus I10, but on the proper reduced scale, depending upon the setting of the lazytongs linkage.

11 part of the work is to be reproduced on one scale and another part of the same pieceof work on a. different scale, a change of. scale during progress of the work maybe accomplished without having to shift the work on the table, by loosening the clamping nut of the member I58 and sliding it along its guideway on the bar I58 at the same time that the setting of the lazytongs inkage is adjusted by moving thebar I48 to 8.

' moving the member I55 to cutting tool being placed oh its horizontal new position along the bars I41 and I48 and by a new position along the bar I48, keeping the members I65, I56, and I44 always in a straight line with each other.

On very large work, where it is desired to increase the distance between the tool and the tracing point as much as tongs linkage system may be moved laterally by shifting the member I along the guideway I40, and by-correspondingly shifting the bar I59 along its guideway 160 on the beam I25. For work of smaller size, however, it is usually desired to have the bar I58 approximately centered on the beam I25 and the member I correspondingly placed possible, the whole lazyon the frame I in approximately the positions indicated in Fig. 10.

Where the reproduction is to be on an enlarged scale rather than a reduced scale, the operation is simply reversed, the cutting tool being placed at 110 mounted in the spindle within the tube I81, and the tracing\stylus being mounted in the spindle within the holder or socket I21.

In both reducing work and enlarging work, the tracing stylus and cutting tool remain at all times strictly perpendicular to the surfaces of the tables I02 and I03, and may move straight up and down without any tilting, thus facilitating the making of vertical cuts or the proper finishing of vertical surfaces.

When making reproductions on the same size or scale as the original, the tracing stylus may be mounted in the socket I28 on the beam I25, the the spindle in the socket I21 so that both the tracing stylus and the tool are mounted on this parallel motion beam.

At this time, the lazytongs linkage may be entirely disconnected, but preferably it is employed as a convenient operating mechanism'for moving the beam I25, since the'operator can grasp the lower end of the tube; I61 and use it as a handle to move the beam I252 with less force than would be required if he grasped the tracing stylus directly; The position of thIYghOldl' I28 on the beam I25 may be shifted laterally as desired, to place the tracing stylus at any desired distance from the cutting tool.

It is thus seen that the machine in its preferred form, illustrated in Figs. '1 to 14, inclusive,

is capable of making reductions, enlargements,

' and reproductions on the same scale as the origtion, and the pattern may be oriented in the same direction with the work, without having to be turned 180 relatively to the work. as in many prior machines. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many other important features and refinements are present in this preferred form of machine, resulting in a particularly eillcient, simple, and satisfactory machine for either engraving or copying or both. Certain subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein is claimed in one or another of three companion applications, Serial No. 202,567,-

for Drivingmeans for engraving and copying machine; Serial No. 202,568, for Counterbalancing means for engraving and copying machines; and Serial-No. 202,569, for Tool spindle for engravtimes the work and the I point remote from said main pivot, and meanson said linkage.

ing and copying machines, all filed April 16, 1938,

in the name of Kurt Zwick.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in'a number of ways. This application is therefore not to be limited to the precise details described, but is intended to cover all variations and modifications thereof falling within the'splrit of the me vention or the scope of the appended claims.

I claim: 4

1. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam guided for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, socket means mounted on said. beam for holding a cuttingtool, a lazytongs pantograph linkage having a main pivot approximately perpendicular to said plane of free movement of said beam, said linkage having means for holding a tracing stylus at a operatively connecting said beam to said linkage at a point between said main pivot and said tracing stylus, so that k said tracing stylus cause movements of said beam in the same direction but on a reduced scale.

2. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam guided for free movement in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, a plurality of sockets on said beam, ,one of said sockets being adapted to hold a cutting tool and another of said sockets being adapted to hold a tracing stylus,,a lazytongs linkage having a main pivot approximately perpendicular to said plane of movement of said beam, said'linkage having means for holding interchangeably either a cutting tool or a tracing stylus at a point remote from said main pivot, and means operatively connecting said beam to said linkage at a point between said main pivot and said holding means 3. An engraving or cop ng machine adapted to reproduce work either on the same scale or on a reduced or enlarged scale, as desired, said machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, means on said beams for holding. a cutting tool and a tracing stylus, a lazytongs linkage having'a main pivot, means on said linkage for holding either a stylus as desired, and means connecting said beam to said lazytongs linkage at a point between said main pivot thereof and said toolor'stylus holding means thereof.

4. An engraving or copying machine comprising a member mounted for movement in a direction transverseto its length, a beam mounted on said member for movement in a direction longitudinally thereof, means on said beam for holdingv a cutting tool,-a lazytongs linkage having a main pivot, means on said linkage ,for holding a tracing stylus at a point spaced from said main pivot, and means connecting said beam to said lazytongs linkage at a point betwen said main pivot and said means for holding a tracing stylus.

5. An engraving or copy ng machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of trans 7 0-latlon in any direction in one plane and restrained against mdvement of rotation in said plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool, a lazytongs linkage having a main pivot, means on said linkage for holding a tracing stylus at a point spaced-from said main pivot, a bar secured movements imparted to.

of translation cutting tool or a tracing to said beam and extending for a substantial distance in a general direction transverse to said beam, and means connecting said bar to said ing a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction inx one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool, a lazytongs linkage having a main pivot, means on said linkage for holding a tracing stylus at a point spaced from said main pivot, a bar secured .to said beam and extending for a substantial distance in a general direction toward and away from said main pivot, and means connecting said bar to said lazytongs linkage at a point between said main pivot and said stylus holding means, said connecting means being adjustable to any one of a plurality of different positions along said bar.

lazytongs linkage at a point between said main pivotal axis of said linkage and said means for holding a tracing stylus. 8. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame member, a carrier pivotally connected to said frame member for oscillation about one axis, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier for oscillation about a main pivotal axis substantially perpendicular to said first mentioned car-- rier axis, means on said lazytongs linkage for a slide mounted on said 7 holding a tracing stylus, frame member for movement thereon in a direction substantially parallel to said main pivotal axis, a beam supported from said slide for movement in any direction in a plane substantially perpendicular to said main pivotal axis, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool, and means connecting said beam to said lazytongs linkage at a point between said main pivotal axis of said linkage and said means for holding a tracing stylus,

9. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame member, a carrier pivotally connected to said frame member for oscillation .aboutone axis, a lazytongs linka'ge'mounted on said carrier for oscillation about a main pivotalaxis substantially perpendicularto said first/mentioned carrier axis, means on said lazytongs linkage for holding a tracing stylus, a slide mounted on said frame member for movement thereon in a direction substantially parallel to said main pivotal axis, a beam supported from said slide for movement in .any direction inv aplane substantiallyperpendicular to said main pivotal axis, means on said' beam for holding interchangeably either a cutting tool or a tracing stylus, andmea necting said beam to said lazytongs linkage tov move one from movements of the other.

con-

10. An engraving .or-copying machine compris-' ing a frame member, a carrier pivotally connected to saidframe member for oscillation about one axis, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier for oscillation about a main pivotal axis substantially perpendicular to said first mentioned carrier axis, means on said lazytongs linkage for holding a tracing stylus, a slide mounted on said frame member for movement thereon in a direction substantially parallel to said main pivotal axis, a beam supported from said slide for movement in any direction, in a plane substantially perpendicular to said main pivotal axis, means on said beam for holding a bar secured to said beam and extending for a substantial distance in a general direction toward and away from said main pivotal axis, and means shiftable to different positions along said bar for connecting said bar to said lazytongs linkage to move one from movements of the other.

11. An engraving or copying machine comprising a lazytongs linkage mounted for movement about a main pivotal axis and also mounted for bodily swinging movement about an axis substantially perpendicular to said main pivotal axis, a beam guided for universal movement of transla tion in any direction, means connecting said beam to said lazytongs linkage to move one from movements of the other, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool, a stylus guide, linkage means connecting said stylus guide to said beam so that said guide may move relatively to said beam in any direction in one plane and is restrained against movement out of said plane and against tilting movement, a tracing stylus mounted for movement in said stylus guide in a' direction substantially perpendicular to the plane in which said stylus guide may move, and means pivotally connecting said stylus to said lazytongs linkage.

12. An engraving or copyin machine comprising a frame, means with one or more substantially horizontal surfaces for supporting work and a pattern, a substantially vertical guideway on said frame, a slide movable substantially vertically along said guideway, a beam supported from said slide and guided for movement of translation in any direction in a substantially horizontal plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool for cooperation with work on said supporting means, other means on said beam for holding a tracing stylus for cooperation with a pattern on a. tracing stylus for frame, a slide movable said supporting means, a carrier pivotally mounted on said frame for oscillation about a substantially horizontal axis, a pivot on said carrier substantially perpendicular to said horizontal axis; a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier pivot as a main pivot, a pivotal connection between said beam and one point of said linkage so that both horizontal and vertical movements of said point of said linkage cause corresponding movements of said beam, and means connected to said linkage at another point for holding a tracing stylus.

13. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame, means with one or more substantially horizontal surfaces for supporting work and a pattern, a substantially vertical guideway on said substantially vertically along said guideway, a beam supported from said slide and guided for movement of translation in any direction in a substantially horizontal plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool for cooperation with work on said supporting means, other means on said beam for holding cooperation with a pattern on said supporting means, a carrier pivotally mounted on said frame for oscillation about a substantially horizontal axis, a pivot on said car- 9 rier substantially perpendicular to said horizontal axis, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier pivot as a main pivot, a pivotal connection between said beam and one point of said linkageso that both horizontal and vertical movements of said point of said linkage cause corresponding movements .of said beam, and means connected to said linkage at another point on the opposite side of said first point from said main pivot for holding a tracing stylus.

14. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame, means with one or more substantially horizontal surfaces for supporting work and a pattern, a substantially vertical guideway on said frame, a slide movable substantially vertically along said guideway, a beam supported from said slide and guided for movement of translation in any direction in a substantially horizontal plane. means on said beam for holding a cutting tool for cooperation with work on said supporting means, other means on said beam for holding a tracing stylus for cooperation with a pattern on said supporting means,,a carrier pivotally mounted on said frame for oscillation about asubstantially horizontal axis, a pivot on said carrier sub! stantially perpendicular to said horizontal axis, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier pivot as a main pivot, a pivotal connection between said beam and one point of said linkage so that both horizontal and vertical movements of said point of said linkage cause corresponding movements of said beam, means connected to said linkage at another point for holding a, tracing stylus, and means including a linkage connected to said beam for maintaining said last named stylus holding means in a substantially vertical position while allowing both horizontal and vertical movements thereof.

15. An engraving or copyin machine comprising a frame, means with one or more substantially horizontal surfaces for supporting work and a pattern, a substantially vertical guideway on said frame, a slide movable substantially vertically along said guideway, a beam supported from said slide and guided for movement of translation in any direction in a substantially horizontal plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool for cooperation with work on said supporting means,

other means on said beam for holding a tracing stylus for cooperation with a pattern on said supporting means, a carrier pivotally mounted on said frame for oscillation about a substantially horizontal axis, a pivot on said carrier substantially perpendicular to said horizontal axis, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said carrier pivot as a main pivot, a pivotal connection between said beam and one point of said linkage so that both horizontal and vertical movements of said point of said linkage cause corresponding movements of said beam, means for holding a tracing stylus, meansincluding a universal joint for connecting said last named means .for holding a stylus to said lazytongs linkage, and means for maintaining said last named means for holding a stylus in a substantially vertical position ing both horizontal thereof.

16 An engraving or copying machine compris ing a frame, a lazytongs linkage mounted on said frame for extension and contraction movements and also for bodily tilting movements relatively to said frame, a stylus guide, means for maintaining said stylus guide in a fixed direction relatively to said frame while allowing "free movement of said guide in all directions in a plane and vertical movements while allowperpendicular to said fixed direction, stylus holding means mounted in said guide for movement therein in said fixed direction, and universal joint means connecting said stylus holding means to said lazytongs linkage.

17. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, a lazytongs linkage, means connecting said lazytongs linkage to said beam to move one in accordance with movements of the other, said connecting means being shiftable to a plurality of different positions along said beam, and cutting tool means and tracing stylus means mounted on said beam and linkage.

18. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, a lazytongs linkage, cutting tool mean: and

. tracing stylus means mounted on said beam and linkage, a,guideway extending lengthwise of? said beam, a connecting member mounted on said guideway for movement therealong to any one of a plurality of different positions, and means operatively connecting said linkage to said connecting member so that movements of said linkage will cause corresponding movements of said beam.

19. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, a lazytongs linkage, cutting tool means and tracing stylus means mounted on said beam and I linkage, a guideway extending lengthwise of said beam, a connecting member mounted on said guideway for movement therealong to any one of a plurality of difierent positions, said connecting member extending a substantial distance in a general diiectiontransverse to said beam, and means for operatively connecting said linkage to said connecting member at any one of a plurality of different positions along said connecting member, so that-{movements of said linkage will cause corresponding movements of said beam.

20. An engraving or copying machine comprising ,a frame, an elongated beam mounted on said frame for universal movement of translation in at least one approximately horizontal plane, a guideway extending approximately horizontally on said frame and approximately parallel to the length of said beam, a member "mounted for movement along said guideway to any one of 'a plurality of different positions, a lazytongs linkage having a" main substantially vertical pivot mately mountedon said member to move bodily therewith along said guideway, means for operatively connecting said linkage to said beam at any one of a plurality of locations spaced along said beam, and tracing stylus means and cutting tool means associated withsaid linkage and said beam.

21. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame,

mounted formovement along said guideway to any one of a plurality of different positions, a lazytongs linkage having a main substantially vertical pivot mounted on said member to move bodily therewith along said guideway, a beam supported from said frame for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, cuttingtool means and tracing stylus means mounted on said beam and linkage, a

a guideway extending approxihorizontally on said frame, a member" guideway extending along said beam in a direction approximately parallel to said guideway on said frame, a connecting member mounted on said guideway on said beam for movement therealong to any one of a plurality of different positions, and means operatively connecting said linkage to said connecting member so that movements of said linkage will cause corresponding movements of said beam.

22. An engraving or copying machine comprising a beam mounted for free movement of translation in any direction in one plane and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, cutting tool holding means mounted on said beam, and tracing stylus holding means also mounted on said beam, one of said holding means being mounted for movement along said beam to any one of a plurality of different positions at different distances from the other of said holding means.

23. An engraving or copying machine comprisng a frame, a carrier mounted downward movement on .said frame, a parallel motion beam mounted on said carrier to move upwardly and downwardly therewith, a cutting tool assembly mounted on said beam and shiftable therewith in any direction, a lazytongs pantograph linkage operatively connected to said beam to control the movements thereof, and adjustable abutment means for determining the lowermost position to which said carrier may move relative to said frame,,thereby controlling the lowermost position of said cutting tool assembly. j l

24. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame, a cutting tool assembly mounted for upward and downward movement relative to said frame and for movement carired thereby in any direction in an approximately horizontal plane, an adjusting screw mounted on said frame to rotate-relative thereto, said screw serving to limit downward motion of said assembly relative to said frame, and graduated scale means associated with said adjusting screw so that said screw may be readily set to various predetermined positions of adjustment.

25. An engraving or copying machine comprising a frame, a cutting tool assembly mounted for upward and downward movement relative to said frame and for moveme t to shift a cutting tool carried thereby in any direction in an approxifor upward andto shift a cutting tool mately horizontal plane, an adjusting screw mounted on said frame to rotate relative thereto without longitudinal movement relative thereto, nut means threadedly engaged with said adjusting screw, means holding said nut means against rotation relative to said frame so that when said screw is rotated relative to said frame said nut means will not rotate therewith and will move longitudinally along said screw, and, means on said assembly overlying said nut means to contactmeans and restrained against movement-of ro 15 tation in said plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool to move bodily with movements of said beam over work held by said work table means, a lazytongs pantograph linkage supported from said frame means for movement in an approximately horizontal plane above said beam about an approximately vertical main pivot adjacent said frame means, a tracing stylus mounted on said linkage at a point remote from said main pivot for movement over a pattern held by said pattern table means, and means operatively connecting said linkage to said beam at a point between said tracing stylus and said main pivot, so that movements of said tracing stylus will cause corresponding movements on a reduced scale of said beam and of a cutting tool mounted thereon.

27. An' engraving or copying machine comprising pattern and work table means extending substantially horizontally, frame means extending upwardly to an elevation above said table means, a beam supported from said frame means and guided for free movement of translation in any direction in at least one plane extending approximately horizontally above said work table means and restrained against movement of rotation in said plane, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool to move bodily with movements of said beam over work held by said work tablemeans, a lazytongs pantograph linkage supported from said frame means for movement in an approximately horizontal plane above said beam about an approximately vertical main pivot adjacent said frame means, a tracing stylus mounted on said linkage at a point remote from said main pivot for movement over a pattern held by said pattern table means, said tracing stylus being movable upwardly and downwardly with respect to said frame means, guiding means mounted on said beam and flexible in an approximately horizontal direction and substantially rigid in an approximately vertical direction for guiding the upward and downward movements of said stylus, and means operatively con- .necting said linkage to said beam so that moveof the lazytongs type mounted adjacent said member, a plurality of holding means on said member, one of said holding means being adapted to hold a cutting tool and another of said holding means being adapted to hold a tracing stylus, holding means on said linkage adapted to hold either a cutting tool or a tracing stylus as desired, and means operatively connecting said linkage to said member at a point spaced from said holding means on said linkage, so that movements of said holding means on said linkage will cause movenients of, said holding" means on said member and vice versa.

29. An engraving or copying. machine adapted ta make reproductions on an equal scale.

and on a reduced scale and on an enlarged scale, as desired, said, machine comprising a member mounted for movement in any direction to a large number of different positions each one of which is substantially parallel to the others, a reduction and enlargement pantograph linkage of the lazytongs type mounted adjacent said member, a plurality of holding means on said member, one of said holding means being adapted to hold a cutting tool and another of said holding means being adapted'to hold a tracing stylus, holding means on said linkage adapted to hold. either a cutting tool or a tracing stylus as desired, means operatively connecting said linkage to said member, at a point spaced from said' holding means on said linkage, and means for altering the point on said member at which said linkage is connected thereto.

30. An engraving or copying machine adaptedto make reproductions on an equal scale and on a reduced scale and on an enlarged scale, as desired, said machine comprising avmember mounted for movement in any direction to a large number of different positions each one of which is substantially parallel to the others, a reduction and enlargement pantograph linkage of the lazytongs type mounted adjacent said member, a plurality of holding means on said member, one of said holding means being adapted to hold a cutting tool and another of said holding means being adapted to hold a tracing stylus, holding means on said linkage adapted to hold either a cutting .tool or a tracing stylus as desired, means operatively connecting said linkage to said member at a point spaced from said holding means on said linkage, and means for adjusting in each of two directions at a substantial angle to each other the point on said member at which said linkage is connected thereto.

31. An engraving and copying machine adapted to make reproductions on an equal scale and on an unequal scale, as desired, said machine comprising work table means, frame means having a portion projecting upwardly to an elevation above the top of said work table means at one side thereof, pattern table means on the same general side of said upwardly projecting portion as said work table means, so that an operator may readily observe objects upon both said work table means and said pattern table means without materially shifting his position, a beam overlying said work table means and mounted on said upwardly projecting frame portion for movement in any direction to a large number of difierent positions each one of which is substantially parallel to the others, a pantograph linkage of the lazytongs type supported from said upwardly projecting frame portion and mounted to swing about a main pivotal axis adjacent said frame portion and extending from said axis into overlying relationship to said pattern, table means and work table means, means on said linkage for holding a tracing stylus in position to cooperate with a pattern held on said pattern table-means, means operatively connecting said linkage to said beam at a point between said tracing stylus and said main plyotal axis so that movements of said tracing stylus will cause corresponding movements of said beam in the same direction on a reduced scale, means on said beam for holding a cutting tool in position to cooperate with work held on said work table means, and means for mounting atraclng stylus on said beam.

32. A construction according to claim 31, further including guiding means mounted on said beam for guiding a tracing stylus mounted on said linkage.

33. A construction according to claim 31, in

(iii

which said pantograph linkage is mounted for tilting movement about an axis lying approximately in a plane perpendicular to said main pivotal axis, and in which said tracing stylus mounted on said linkage is connected to said linkage by a flexible joint so that said stylus may tilt relative to said linkage.

34. A constructtion according to claim 31, in which said pantograph linkage is mounted for tilting movement about an axis lying approximately in a plane perpendicular to said main pivotal axis, and in which said tracing stylus mounted on said linkage is connected to said linkage by a flexible joint so that said stylus may tilt relative to said linkage, and further including means mounted on said beam for holding said stylus mounted on said linkage always in a position substantially parallel to every other position thereof, notwithstanding tilting movements of said linkaga,

KURTZWICK.

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