US2170259A - Process for the introduction of graphitic carbon into light metals or light metal alloys - Google Patents
Process for the introduction of graphitic carbon into light metals or light metal alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2170259A US2170259A US182544A US18254437A US2170259A US 2170259 A US2170259 A US 2170259A US 182544 A US182544 A US 182544A US 18254437 A US18254437 A US 18254437A US 2170259 A US2170259 A US 2170259A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- light
- graphite
- metals
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 59
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 59
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 57
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 18
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 metals metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new or improved process'for the introduction of graphitic carbon into light metals or light metal alloys. It is already known that an addition of carbon in the 5 form of graphite, is advantageous, particularly in reducing the co-eflicient of friction. This socalled graphiting of metals or alloys was previously effected by introducing graphite powder into the melt. When these graphited metals or alloys 10 are in their melted'condition, there is a tendency for separation to take place on account of the great difference between the 'speciflc weight of the graphite and that of the metal.
- the affinity of the coating and weighting metals to the metal to be graphited or to the alloy to be graphited is of considerable importance, and frequently makes the weighting of the graphite inoperative by alloying the as weighting metal with the metal tobe graphited.
- the invention concerns a process for the pro- 50 duction of colloid mixtures from light metals or ,lightmetal alloys and carbon especially in the form of graphite, in which the disadvantages of the previouslyknown processes are avoided by for weighting the graphite, not pure metals metal compounds, for instance metallic salts, which are decomposed before or dur-' ing graphiting, for example by change of temperature or by chemical reaction, whereby the metal is liberated and the individual graphite particles are weighted.
- the process may, with advantage, be carried out by stirringup with the I graphite a metal compound dissolved in water or other fluid, until the graphite particles are completely moistened or penetrated by thesolution and freed from the adhering air, and then removing the fluid, for instance by filtering and evaporation, and introducing the residue into the metal to be graphited.
- an aluminium alloy is to be graphited
- the graphite is mixed into this solution and is then freed from adhering air by lengthy stirring and kneading and completely moistened and penetrated by the solution.
- the mixture of dissolved lead acetate and graphite is preferably left standing for some time and is then again stirred or kneaded.
- the fluid is now evaporated at temperatures of about 100 C. and thereby the water of crystallisation of the lead acetate is also removed and the mass obtained introduced into the fluid aluminium alloy. Even at temperatures below 200" C. the lead acetate decomposes.
- the weighted graphite permeates the alloy to be ph ted inthe flnest distribution and forms a very stable colloidal mixture with the alloy.
- An aluminium alloy graphited in this manner w' an extraordinarily low frictional coemcient which equals andevenbettersthatofthebestwhitebearing 4o metals.
- the invention extends, of course not to I the graphiting of aluminium alloys by weighting .the graphite with the aid ,of lead acetate, lead chloride or any other lead compound, but is also applicable with advantage to the graphiting of other metals and alloys and employing compounds of other metal as the media for the graphite.
- the graphite with the aid ,of lead acetate, lead chloride or any other lead compound but is also applicable with advantage to the graphiting of other metals and alloys and employing compounds of other metal as the media for the graphite.
- alead compound hasbeenselectedasweightingso the main components easily combine with lead.
- the metal compounds to be employed for weighting the graphite can be so chosen that either one only or several components thereof remain in the alloy to be graphited.
- lead acetate When lead acetate is used, carbon also remains in addition to lead in the alloy to be graphited.
- compounds containing carbon may be added alone to the metal or alloy as the weighting medium, for instance lead acetate by itself without an admixture of graphite, in as far as, during the process, a decomposition of the weighting medium occurs or can be'readily caused to occur.
- weighting media instead of solutions of metal compounds, there may also be used as weighting media suitable mixtures of lead or other metals or alloys and graphite, provided that all the materials are reduced to colloid fineness.
- Process for graphiting light metals which comprises mixing graphitic carbon with a decomposable metal compound, introducing such mixture into a melt of said light metal and bringing about decomposition of said metal compound with liberation of metal in close association with said carbon.
- Process for graphiting light metals which comprises mixing graphitic carbon with a carbon containing heavy metal compound decomposable to metal and carbon at the melting point of said light metal, and incorporating the mixture in a melt of said light metal.
- Process for graphitlng light metals which comprises introducing into a melt of said light metal a carbon-containing metal compound adapted at the temperature of the melt to be decomposed into metal and carbon and bringing about solidification of the light metal without segregation of such carbon.
- Process for graphiting light metal which comprises introducing into a melt of said light metal a mixture of graphitic carbon and a metallic salt selected from the group of metallic salts which under the influence of heat liberate metal adapted to associate with graphite particles, and bringing about solidification of the light metal without substantial segregation of car- 5.
- the heavy metal compound is an acetate.
- Process for graphiting light metals which comprises moistening and impregnating graphitic carbon with a solution of a lead salt, expelling air and solvent, incorporating the graphitic carbon so treated in a melt of light metal and solidmetal graphitic carbon and a metallic salt selected from the group of metallic salts which under the influence of chemical substances liberate metal adapted to associate with graphite particles, and bringing about solidification of the light metal without substantial segregation of carbon.
Description
- Patented Aug. 22, 1939 PATENT 1 OFFICE rnoeuss ron THE. INTRODUCTION or GRAPHITIO cannom'm'ro LIGHT METALS on mcn'r METAL ALLOYS Heinrich Borofski, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, assignor of one-half to the firm Mettmanner Britannia-Wareni'abrik W.
Seibel,
Mettmann, Rhineland, Germany No Drawing. Application December 30, 1937, Se-' rial No. 182,544. In Germany January 9, 1936 16 Claims. (01. 75-435) This invention relates to a new or improved process'for the introduction of graphitic carbon into light metals or light metal alloys. It is already known that an addition of carbon in the 5 form of graphite, is advantageous, particularly in reducing the co-eflicient of friction. This socalled graphiting of metals or alloys was previously effected by introducing graphite powder into the melt. When these graphited metals or alloys 10 are in their melted'condition, there is a tendency for separation to take place on account of the great difference between the 'speciflc weight of the graphite and that of the metal. To pre vent this separation, it has already been proposed 15 to weight the graphite to be introduced into the metal in order to make its specific weight equal to or approximately equal to that of the metal. Attempts have been made to bring about the weighting by galvanically coating the graphite 20 particles with a coating of metal of higher specific weight, for instance of copper or nickel, or by incorporating the graphite ina metal or alloy, and
by then introducing the galvanically coatedgraphite particles or the mixture of graphite and 25 metal into the alloy to be graphited. These attempts, however, have had no success, because,
on the one hand, it is diflicult to provide'a metal coating upon graphite, which travels in the galvanic bath from. the cathode to the anode, and,
30 on the other hand, the affinity of the coating and weighting metals to the metal to be graphited or to the alloy to be graphited is of considerableimportance, and frequently makes the weighting of the graphite inoperative by alloying the as weighting metal with the metal tobe graphited.
' Finally, especially with light metals or light metal alloys which are particularly subject to oxidation it is necessary that in the graphiting no mois ture of any kind should be brought into the fluid metal, since thereby the formation of oxide and.
in certain circumstances, even the formation of carbides, occurs, and this would make the graphited alloys 'llnserviceable, by reason ofithe' great hardness of the oxides and carbides, f r the very "purposes in which good ability to s de is concemed. n coating the graphite particles with galvanic metal coatings, fluid occlusions cannot, however. be avoided with certainty.
' The invention concerns a process for the pro- 50 duction of colloid mixtures from light metals or ,lightmetal alloys and carbon especially in the form of graphite, in which the disadvantages of the previouslyknown processes are avoided by for weighting the graphite, not pure metals metal compounds, for instance metallic salts, which are decomposed before or dur-' ing graphiting, for example by change of temperature or by chemical reaction, whereby the metal is liberated and the individual graphite particles are weighted. The process may, with advantage, be carried out by stirringup with the I graphite a metal compound dissolved in water or other fluid, until the graphite particles are completely moistened or penetrated by thesolution and freed from the adhering air, and then removing the fluid, for instance by filtering and evaporation, and introducing the residue into the metal to be graphited. I
If, for instance, an aluminium alloy is to be graphited, there is used as a weighting medium for the graphite lead acetate Pb(CzH:iOz) 2.31120, for instance, which is completely dissolved in any suitable solvent, for instance, water. The graphite is mixed into this solution and is then freed from adhering air by lengthy stirring and kneading and completely moistened and penetrated by the solution. The mixture of dissolved lead acetate and graphite is preferably left standing for some time and is then again stirred or kneaded. The fluid is now evaporated at temperatures of about 100 C. and thereby the water of crystallisation of the lead acetate is also removed and the mass obtained introduced into the fluid aluminium alloy. Even at temperatures below 200" C. the lead acetate decomposes. Al-
though acetone and carbonic acid escape, the lead and carbon do not vaporise at the temperatures employed and therefore remain in the and weight the graphite. The weighted graphite permeates the alloy to be ph ted inthe flnest distribution and forms a very stable colloidal mixture with the alloy. An aluminium alloy graphited in this manner w' an extraordinarily low frictional coemcient which equals andevenbettersthatofthebestwhitebearing 4o metals.
The invention extends, of course not to I the graphiting of aluminium alloys by weighting .the graphite with the aid ,of lead acetate, lead chloride or any other lead compound, but is also applicable with advantage to the graphiting of other metals and alloys and employing compounds of other metal as the media for the graphite. In the example described above,
alead compoundhasbeenselectedasweightingso the main components easily combine with lead.
It may be presumed that on mixing the graphite with the lead compound, a complete penetration of the graphite occurs, and thus the air or any other gas adhering or tending to adhere to the graphite particles is. displaced, so that the buoyancy of the graphite in the melt is decreased, and the weighting medium is in no case completely dissolved out of the graphite particles.
The metal compounds to be employed for weighting the graphite can be so chosen that either one only or several components thereof remain in the alloy to be graphited. When lead acetate is used, carbon also remains in addition to lead in the alloy to be graphited. If required, compounds containing carbon may be added alone to the metal or alloy as the weighting medium, for instance lead acetate by itself without an admixture of graphite, in as far as, during the process, a decomposition of the weighting medium occurs or can be'readily caused to occur. Finally, instead of solutions of metal compounds, there may also be used as weighting media suitable mixtures of lead or other metals or alloys and graphite, provided that all the materials are reduced to colloid fineness.
What I claim is:
1. Process for graphiting light metals which comprises mixing graphitic carbon with a decomposable metal compound, introducing such mixture into a melt of said light metal and bringing about decomposition of said metal compound with liberation of metal in close association with said carbon.
2. Process for graphiting light metals which comprises mixing graphitic carbon with a carbon containing heavy metal compound decomposable to metal and carbon at the melting point of said light metal, and incorporating the mixture in a melt of said light metal.
3. Process for graphitlng light metals which comprises introducing into a melt of said light metal a carbon-containing metal compound adapted at the temperature of the melt to be decomposed into metal and carbon and bringing about solidification of the light metal without segregation of such carbon.
4. Process for graphiting light metal which comprises introducing into a melt of said light metal a mixture of graphitic carbon and a metallic salt selected from the group of metallic salts which under the influence of heat liberate metal adapted to associate with graphite particles, and bringing about solidification of the light metal without substantial segregation of car- 5. Process as claimed in claim 2 in which the heavy metal compound is an acetate.
6. Process for graphiting light metals which comprises moistening and impregnating graphitic carbon with a solution of a lead salt, expelling air and solvent, incorporating the graphitic carbon so treated in a melt of light metal and solidmetal graphitic carbon and a metallic salt selected from the group of metallic salts which under the influence of chemical substances liberate metal adapted to associate with graphite particles, and bringing about solidification of the light metal without substantial segregation of carbon.
9. The process for graphiting light metals or alloys thereof, which consists in producing a mixture of graphitic carbonwith a metal compound which decomposes at the melting temperature of the light metal or alloy to be graphited, introducing said mixture into the molten light metal or alloy, and bringing about solidification of such metal or alloy.
10. Process as claimed in claim 9, in which the mixture of graphitic carbon and decomposable metal compound is in a dry condition at the time of its addition to the molten light metal or alloy.
11. Process as claimed in claim 9, in which a compound of a heavy metal is used as the decomposable metal compound.
12. Process as claimed in claim 9, in which a lead compound is used as the decomposable metal compound.
13. Process according to claim 1, in which a lead compound is used as the decomposable metal compound.
14. Process according to claim 1, in which lead acetate is used as the decomposable metal compound.
15. The process for graphiting light metals or alloys thereof, which consists in mixing graphitic carbon with a solution of a metal compound which decomposes at the melting temperature of the light metal or alloy to be graphited,
removing air and the solvent from said mixture of graphitic carbon and metal compound, introducing the resulting dry mixture into the molten light metal or alloy, and bringing about solidification of such metal or alloy.
16. The process for graphiting light metals or alloys thereof, which consists in mixing graphitic carbon with a solution of a decomposable metal compound, removing air and the solvent from said mixture of graphitic carbon and metal compound, introducing the resulting dry mixture into the molten light metal or alloy, and bringing about solidification of such metal or alloy.
HEINRICH BOROFSKI.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2170259X | 1936-01-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2170259A true US2170259A (en) | 1939-08-22 |
Family
ID=7988383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US182544A Expired - Lifetime US2170259A (en) | 1936-01-09 | 1937-12-30 | Process for the introduction of graphitic carbon into light metals or light metal alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2170259A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2516058A (en) * | 1943-09-30 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for plating of metals |
| US3384463A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1968-05-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Graphite metal body composite |
| US3753694A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1973-08-21 | Int Nickel Co | Production of composite metallic articles |
| US3885959A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1975-05-27 | Int Nickel Co | Composite metal bodies |
| US20070256345A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-08 | Hall David R | A Rigid Composite Structure with a Superhard Interior Surface |
-
1937
- 1937-12-30 US US182544A patent/US2170259A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2516058A (en) * | 1943-09-30 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Apparatus for plating of metals |
| US3384463A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1968-05-21 | Dow Chemical Co | Graphite metal body composite |
| US3885959A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1975-05-27 | Int Nickel Co | Composite metal bodies |
| US3753694A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1973-08-21 | Int Nickel Co | Production of composite metallic articles |
| US20070256345A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2007-11-08 | Hall David R | A Rigid Composite Structure with a Superhard Interior Surface |
| US20110200840A1 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2011-08-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cylinder with polycrystalline diamond interior |
| US8020333B2 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2011-09-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cylinder with polycrystalline diamond interior |
| US8261480B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2012-09-11 | Hall David R | Rigid composite structure with a superhard interior surface |
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