US2169998A - Sulpho-carboxylic esters suitable - Google Patents
Sulpho-carboxylic esters suitable Download PDFInfo
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- US2169998A US2169998A US2169998DA US2169998A US 2169998 A US2169998 A US 2169998A US 2169998D A US2169998D A US 2169998DA US 2169998 A US2169998 A US 2169998A
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- acid
- alcohols
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- carbon atoms
- acids
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 76
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 38
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- -1 aliphatic sulpho-carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical class [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon tetrachloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- DIORMHZUUKOISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoformic acid Chemical class OC(=O)S(O)(=O)=O DIORMHZUUKOISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N Ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-GKUQOKNUSA-N Ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCC[C@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-GKUQOKNUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N Crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001476 alcoholic Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L na2so4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-sulfoacetate Chemical class OC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YVGLJHVAUMLTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)O.CC(=CC(=O)O)C.[Cl] Chemical compound C(C)(=O)O.CC(=CC(=O)O)C.[Cl] YVGLJHVAUMLTLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic anhydride Chemical class CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 Propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JBUKJLNBQDQXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium perborate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O[B-]1(O)OO[B-](O)(O)OO1 JBUKJLNBQDQXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940036248 Turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triclene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/02—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
- C07C303/22—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof from sulfonic acids, by reactions not involving the formation of sulfo or halosulfonyl groups; from sulfonic halides by reactions not involving the formation of halosulfonyl groups
Definitions
- assistants for the textile and related industries particularly wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agents, having excellent properties are obtained by esterifying saturated or non-saturated aliphatic, i. e. open chain or cycloaliphatic, monoor polyhydric alcohols containing more than 8 carbon atoms in their molecule with the carboxylic groups of aliphatic sulpho-carboxylic acids (C-SO2OH) containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule.
- C-SO2OH carboxylic groups of aliphatic sulpho-carboxylic acids
- aliphatic, sulphonatable carboxylic acids containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule and comprising no sulphonic group may also be used, the esters obtained being then sulphonated.
- alcohols is to be understood in a broad sense and is meant to include alcohols which contain further substituents as for example halogen and/or carboxylic radicles.
- octodecyl alcohol As suitable alcohols may be mentioned octodecyl alcohol; dodecyl alcohol, oleic 'alcohol, octodecane diol (obtainable by reductioncf castor oil with the aid of hydrogen), alcohplxmixtures which may be obtained by reduction with the aid of hydrogen of fats and oils of vegetalyi. e. 30 animal and vegetable origin, alcohols which are formed by the oxidation of paraflins, such as paraffin wax or paraflin oil, and alcohols corresponding to resinic, naphthenia-and montanio acids and obtainable therefrom by reduction with the aid of hydrogen.
- paraflins such as paraffin wax or paraflin oil
- derivatives thereot may also be esterified to yield similar products, suitable derivatives being for example dichlor-octodecyl alcohol and ricinoleic acid.
- suitable derivatives being for example dichlor-octodecyl alcohol and ricinoleic acid.
- the alcohols obtainable by introducing alkyl or cycloalkyl groups into one hydroxyl group of polyhydric alcohols containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule may also be employed provided the total amount of carbon atoms in the final molecule is greater than 8; 45 as examples of such alcohols may be mentioned propylene-glycol mono-octodecyl ether and butylene-glycol mono-hexyl ether.
- sulpho-carboxylic acids sulphoacetic acid, a-sulpho-propionic and sulpho-iso- 50 butyric or -valeric acids may be mentioned.
- carboxylic acids containing no sulphonic groups are those which contain up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule and one or more groups which render sulphonation to true sulphonic acids possible without destructive attack on the ester, such as double l g g n a om 7 Claims. (Cl. 260-481) for example crotonic acid, dimethyl acrylic acid mono-chlor acetic acid, or u-brom propionic acid.
- Carboxylic acids containing up to 8 carbonatoms in their molecule may also be employed into which the said sulphonatable groups can be introduced after esterification, for example by halogenation of the radicle of a saturated aliphatic acid.
- the esterification is usually carried out by' acting with the alcohols on the acids, or acid chlorides, under the usual conditions, as for example by treating the.alcohols with the acids in the presence of an acid reacting catalyst such as hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, or by heating the alcohols with the acids, or their chlorides, at elevated temperatures such as from about-50 to about 100 C., or above the boiling point of water for removing the latter, or halogen hydride respectively; when working with acid chlorides the alcohols may be employed in the form of alcoholates.
- an acid reacting catalyst such as hydrochloric or sulphuric acid
- esters which do not contain sulphonic groups must, as has already been mentioned, subsequently be sulphonated.
- This sulphonation is generally carried out in the usual manner, by a treatment with sulphonating agents stronger than concentrated sulphuric acid until true sulphonic acids are obtained which can be ascertained by the fact that a sample does not split 01? the sulphonic groups when boiled with dilute mineral acids, as for example a 10 per centaqueous hydrochloric acid.
- the esters may be sulphonated for example by means of oleum, sulphur trioxide or chloro-sulphonic acid if desired in the presence of inert organic diluents, such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, and/0r catalysts such as the superficially active charcoal or bleaching earth, and/or agents capable of removing water, as for example acetic or propionic anhydrides and the like.
- inert organic diluents such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, and/0r catalysts such as the superficially active charcoal or bleaching earth, and/or agents capable of removing water, as for example acetic or propionic anhydrides and the like.
- Esters obtained from carboxylic acids containing a halogen atom may be converted into esters of sulpho-carboxylic acids by a treatment with salts of sulphurous acid such as alkali, alkaline earth metal or heavy metal salts, the reaction being preferably carried out with alkali metal sulphites or ammonium sulphite. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this treatment by heating at about C. the mixture of the ester with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulphite together with a small amount of an organic solvent soluble in water, such as ethyl alcohol, or of an emulsifying agent for which purpose use may be made of the products obtained by the process itself.
- the esters, the acid radicles of which contain halogen atoms may also be converted into true sulphonic acids by a treatment with alkali metal hydrosulphide and subsequent oxidation.
- Esters which already contain a sulphonic group may, if so desired, be subjected to one of the sulphonation methods described, so that the final product contains two or more sulphonic groups, such products being also obtainable from esters of poly-halogen carboxylic acids with the aid of sulphites.
- R--COO-R1 The products according to the present invention correspond to the general formula R--COO-R1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle containing up to '7 carbon atoms and at least one 'sulphonic radicle and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic monoor polyhydric alcohol containing more than 8 carbon atoms.
- R1 will usually contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, the products from alcohols containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly valuable.
- The;;1i 1'oducts obtained according to the present invention are excellent washing, cleansing and emulsifying agents for many purposes in daily and commercial use. They may be employed alone or together with various additions such as salts as for example sodium chloride. sodium sulphate or sodium perborate, diluted acids, such as dilute hydrochloric or acetic acid, glue, organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexanol, oil of turpentine and/or mineral, vegetable or animal oils. l
- Example 1 162 parts of the mono-sodium salt of sulphoacetic acid are heated with 270 parts of octodecyl,
- Example 2 325 parts of the mono-sodium salt of sulphoacetic acid are heated with 500 parts of oleic alcohol (CisHgsOH) for 15 hours at 180 C. while stirring, the water set free during the esterification being removed from the reaction vessel by means of a current of nitrogen. After removing the oleic alcohol which has not reacted and small quantities of other water-insoluble matter as described in Example 1, an excellent, water-soluble washing agent is obtained, which consists of practically pure oleyl sulpho-acetate.
- oleic alcohol CiHgsOH
- Example 3 1 part of the mono-sodium salt of sulpho-acetic acid is heated at 180 C. during 18 hours while stirring, with 1 part of a mixture of alcohols such as is obtained by the catalytic reduction of coconut oil, the water being removed as in the preceding examples.
- the reaction product is worked up in the usual manner; it is an excellent wetting and detergent agent.
- free sulpho-acetic acid may be employed, the reaction being then carried out at about C. and preferably at about 20 millimeters mercury gauge.
- Example 4 parts of the ester prepared by treating the mixture of alcohols resulting from the catalytic reduction of coconut oil with chloracetic acid are boiled for some time with an aqueous solution of 70 parts of anhydrous sodium sulphite containing about 30 per cent of ethyl alcohol, until a sample of the reaction product forms a clear solution with water.
- the reaction mixture itself,. containing some sodium chloride, as well as the product obtained by evaporation of the liquid is an excellent detergent and wetting agent.
- Example 5 50 parts of the mixture of esters, obtained by the esterification of crotonic acid with the mixture of alcohols of high molecular weight prepared by a catalytic reduction of coco fat, are mixed at 20 C. with a mixture of 25 parts each of sulphuric acid monohydrate and of acetic anhydride. After stirring for several hours the reaction product is poured onto ice and rendered neutral with the aid of aqueous caustic soda solution. Non-sulphonated constituents are removed whereupon the water-soluble sulphonation product is recovered by salting out. The sodium salt of the sulphonic acid of the initial ester possesses a high wetting power.
- Example 6 36 parts of an ester obtained by esterifying one molecular proportion of chloro-acetic acid with one molecular proportion of octodecane-'l,18-diol, obtainable by the catalytic reduction of castor oil, are stirred for 5 hours at 83 C. with a solution of 15 parts of sodium sulphite in parts of a 30 per cent aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol. An eflicient washing and scouring agent is obtained, the efiicient constituent of which may be obtained in the solid form by evaporating the aqueous alcoholic solution.
- Example 7 38 parts of the chloro-acetic ester of ricinoleic acid, presumably corresponding to the formula and obtainable for example by heating equimolecular proportions of chloro-acetic acid and of ricinoleic acid to 160 C., are refluxed for 2 hours with a solution of 15 parts of sodium sulphite, and 5 parts of sodium carbonate in 150 parts of an aqueous 30 per cent solution of ethyl alcohol. After evaporation of the alcohol a product having a good washing and foaming power is obtained.
- Sulpho-carboxylic esters suitable for use as assistants in the textile and related industries, corresponding to the general formula R,COOR1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle, containing up to 7 carbon atoms and at least one sulphonic radicle, and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic alcohol obtainable by resaturated aliphatic alcohols, said esters containing a sulphonic group on the alkyl portion of the acyl group of the ester molecule.
- Esters suitable for use as assistants in the textile and related industries corresponding to the general formula R--COO-R1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle containing up to 7 carbon atoms and a. substance selected from the group consisting of Cl and 803K and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic alcohol obtainable by reduction of the unsaturated fatty" acids of vege- FRITZ GUENTHER. KARL SAF'TIEN.
Description
Patented Aug. 22, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Fritz Guenther and Karl saitiemLudwigshafenon-the-Rhine, Germany, assignors to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfort-onthe-Main, Germany No Drawing. Application May 13, 1931, Serial No. 537,208. In Germany May 23, 1930 The present invention relates to the production of assistants for the textile and related in- ,dustries, particularly of wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agents.
We have found that assistants for the textile and related industries, particularly wetting, cleansing and emulsifying agents, having excellent properties are obtained by esterifying saturated or non-saturated aliphatic, i. e. open chain or cycloaliphatic, monoor polyhydric alcohols containing more than 8 carbon atoms in their molecule with the carboxylic groups of aliphatic sulpho-carboxylic acids (C-SO2OH) containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule. Instead of the sulpho-carboxylic acids, aliphatic, sulphonatable carboxylic acids containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule and comprising no sulphonic group may also be used, the esters obtained being then sulphonated.
The term alcohols is to be understood in a broad sense and is meant to include alcohols which contain further substituents as for example halogen and/or carboxylic radicles.
As suitable alcohols may be mentioned octodecyl alcohol; dodecyl alcohol, oleic 'alcohol, octodecane diol (obtainable by reductioncf castor oil with the aid of hydrogen), alcohplxmixtures which may be obtained by reduction with the aid of hydrogen of fats and oils of vegetalyi. e. 30 animal and vegetable origin, alcohols which are formed by the oxidation of paraflins, such as paraffin wax or paraflin oil, and alcohols corresponding to resinic, naphthenia-and montanio acids and obtainable therefrom by reduction with the aid of hydrogen. Instead of the said simple alcohols, derivatives thereot may also be esterified to yield similar products, suitable derivatives being for example dichlor-octodecyl alcohol and ricinoleic acid. The alcohols obtainable by introducing alkyl or cycloalkyl groups into one hydroxyl group of polyhydric alcohols containing up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule may also be employed provided the total amount of carbon atoms in the final molecule is greater than 8; 45 as examples of such alcohols may be mentioned propylene-glycol mono-octodecyl ether and butylene-glycol mono-hexyl ether.
As suitable sulpho-carboxylic acids, sulphoacetic acid, a-sulpho-propionic and sulpho-iso- 50 butyric or -valeric acids may be mentioned. -Suitable carboxylic acids containing no sulphonic groups are those which contain up to 8 carbon atoms in their molecule and one or more groups which render sulphonation to true sulphonic acids possible without destructive attack on the ester, such as double l g g n a om 7 Claims. (Cl. 260-481) for example crotonic acid, dimethyl acrylic acid mono-chlor acetic acid, or u-brom propionic acid. Carboxylic acids containing up to 8 carbonatoms in their molecule may also be employed into which the said sulphonatable groups can be introduced after esterification, for example by halogenation of the radicle of a saturated aliphatic acid.
The esterification is usually carried out by' acting with the alcohols on the acids, or acid chlorides, under the usual conditions, as for example by treating the.alcohols with the acids in the presence of an acid reacting catalyst such as hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, or by heating the alcohols with the acids, or their chlorides, at elevated temperatures such as from about-50 to about 100 C., or above the boiling point of water for removing the latter, or halogen hydride respectively; when working with acid chlorides the alcohols may be employed in the form of alcoholates. When mineral acid esters of the alcohols such as octodecyl mono-iodide are used, it is preferable to employ salts of the organic acidsfor the esterification; When employing sulpho-carboxylic acids it is particularly advantageous to heat the alcohols with the acids in the -free state to say 100." C. preferably in vacuo or the mono-sodium salt of the acid with the alcohols to a temperature of say 120 C. preferably above 150 C. Thus for example the aliphatic alcohols containing more than 8 carbon atoms in their molecule which are obtainable by reduction with the aid of hydrogen of fatty acids may be esterified by heating with the monosodium salt of sulpho-acetic acid at 200 C. or an alkyl ester, such as the methyl ester, of the mono-sodium salt of sulpho-acetic acid may be re-esterified with the alcohol desired.
The esters which do not contain sulphonic groups must, as has already been mentioned, subsequently be sulphonated. This sulphonation is generally carried out in the usual manner, by a treatment with sulphonating agents stronger than concentrated sulphuric acid until true sulphonic acids are obtained which can be ascertained by the fact that a sample does not split 01? the sulphonic groups when boiled with dilute mineral acids, as for example a 10 per centaqueous hydrochloric acid. The esters may be sulphonated for example by means of oleum, sulphur trioxide or chloro-sulphonic acid if desired in the presence of inert organic diluents, such as carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, and/0r catalysts such as the superficially active charcoal or bleaching earth, and/or agents capable of removing water, as for example acetic or propionic anhydrides and the like. Esters obtained from carboxylic acids containing a halogen atom may be converted into esters of sulpho-carboxylic acids by a treatment with salts of sulphurous acid such as alkali, alkaline earth metal or heavy metal salts, the reaction being preferably carried out with alkali metal sulphites or ammonium sulphite. It is particularly advantageous to carry out this treatment by heating at about C. the mixture of the ester with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal sulphite together with a small amount of an organic solvent soluble in water, such as ethyl alcohol, or of an emulsifying agent for which purpose use may be made of the products obtained by the process itself. The esters, the acid radicles of which contain halogen atoms, may also be converted into true sulphonic acids by a treatment with alkali metal hydrosulphide and subsequent oxidation.
Esters which already contain a sulphonic group may, if so desired, be subjected to one of the sulphonation methods described, so that the final product contains two or more sulphonic groups, such products being also obtainable from esters of poly-halogen carboxylic acids with the aid of sulphites.
Products of the nature hereinbefore defined are also obtained by employing for the esterification polyhydric alcohols containing 8 or less carbon atoms in their molecule in which case alkyl or cycloalkyl groups must be introduced into at least one free hydroxyl group of the ester, for example with the aid ci 'alkylene oxides containing the required number of carbon atoms, so that the resulting alcoholic radicle contains more than 8 carbon atoms.
The products according to the present invention correspond to the general formula R--COO-R1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle containing up to '7 carbon atoms and at least one 'sulphonic radicle and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic monoor polyhydric alcohol containing more than 8 carbon atoms. R1 will usually contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, the products from alcohols containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly valuable.
The;;1i 1'oducts obtained according to the present invention are excellent washing, cleansing and emulsifying agents for many purposes in daily and commercial use. They may be employed alone or together with various additions such as salts as for example sodium chloride. sodium sulphate or sodium perborate, diluted acids, such as dilute hydrochloric or acetic acid, glue, organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexanol, oil of turpentine and/or mineral, vegetable or animal oils. l
The following examples will further illustrate the nature of this invention but the invention is not restricted to these examples. The parts are by weight.
Example 1 162 parts of the mono-sodium salt of sulphoacetic acid are heated with 270 parts of octodecyl,
Example 2 325 parts of the mono-sodium salt of sulphoacetic acid are heated with 500 parts of oleic alcohol (CisHgsOH) for 15 hours at 180 C. while stirring, the water set free during the esterification being removed from the reaction vessel by means of a current of nitrogen. After removing the oleic alcohol which has not reacted and small quantities of other water-insoluble matter as described in Example 1, an excellent, water-soluble washing agent is obtained, which consists of practically pure oleyl sulpho-acetate.
Example 3 1 part of the mono-sodium salt of sulpho-acetic acid is heated at 180 C. during 18 hours while stirring, with 1 part of a mixture of alcohols such as is obtained by the catalytic reduction of coconut oil, the water being removed as in the preceding examples. The reaction product is worked up in the usual manner; it is an excellent wetting and detergent agent. Instead of the monosodium salt, free sulpho-acetic acid may be employed, the reaction being then carried out at about C. and preferably at about 20 millimeters mercury gauge.
Example 4 parts of the ester prepared by treating the mixture of alcohols resulting from the catalytic reduction of coconut oil with chloracetic acid are boiled for some time with an aqueous solution of 70 parts of anhydrous sodium sulphite containing about 30 per cent of ethyl alcohol, until a sample of the reaction product forms a clear solution with water. The reaction mixture itself,. containing some sodium chloride, as well as the product obtained by evaporation of the liquid is an excellent detergent and wetting agent.
- Example 5 50 parts of the mixture of esters, obtained by the esterification of crotonic acid with the mixture of alcohols of high molecular weight prepared by a catalytic reduction of coco fat, are mixed at 20 C. with a mixture of 25 parts each of sulphuric acid monohydrate and of acetic anhydride. After stirring for several hours the reaction product is poured onto ice and rendered neutral with the aid of aqueous caustic soda solution. Non-sulphonated constituents are removed whereupon the water-soluble sulphonation product is recovered by salting out. The sodium salt of the sulphonic acid of the initial ester possesses a high wetting power.
Example 6 36 parts of an ester obtained by esterifying one molecular proportion of chloro-acetic acid with one molecular proportion of octodecane-'l,18-diol, obtainable by the catalytic reduction of castor oil, are stirred for 5 hours at 83 C. with a solution of 15 parts of sodium sulphite in parts of a 30 per cent aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol. An eflicient washing and scouring agent is obtained, the efiicient constituent of which may be obtained in the solid form by evaporating the aqueous alcoholic solution.
Example 7 38 parts of the chloro-acetic ester of ricinoleic acid, presumably corresponding to the formula and obtainable for example by heating equimolecular proportions of chloro-acetic acid and of ricinoleic acid to 160 C., are refluxed for 2 hours with a solution of 15 parts of sodium sulphite, and 5 parts of sodium carbonate in 150 parts of an aqueous 30 per cent solution of ethyl alcohol. After evaporation of the alcohol a product having a good washing and foaming power is obtained.
What we claim is:
1. Sulpho-carboxylic esters, suitable for use as assistants in the textile and related industries, corresponding to the general formula R,COOR1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle, containing up to 7 carbon atoms and at least one sulphonic radicle, and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic alcohol obtainable by resaturated aliphatic alcohols, said esters containing a sulphonic group on the alkyl portion of the acyl group of the ester molecule. I
table oils and fats.
4. The chloroacetic acid ester of an unsaturated non-cyclic alcohol containing a chain of 18 carbon atoms in its structure.-
5. The process which comprises reacting with chloroacetic acid upon an unsaturated non-cyclic alcohol containing a. chain of 18 carbon atoms in its structure, whereby to produce the chloroacetic acid ester of said alcohol.
6. Sulpho-acetates of aliphatic alcohols obtainable by reduction of unsaturated fatty acids of oils and fats of vegetable origin.
7. Esters suitable for use as assistants in the textile and related industries corresponding to the general formula R--COO-R1 in which R denotes an aliphatic radicle containing up to 7 carbon atoms and a. substance selected from the group consisting of Cl and 803K and R1 denotes a radicle of an aliphatic alcohol obtainable by reduction of the unsaturated fatty" acids of vege- FRITZ GUENTHER. KARL SAF'TIEN.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447619A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1948-08-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Sulfurized esters of oxalic acid |
US3121071A (en) * | 1959-09-25 | 1964-02-11 | Dow Chemical Co | Polymers of 2-sulfo-1-sulfomethyl ethyl methacrylate |
-
0
- US US2169998D patent/US2169998A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447619A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1948-08-24 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Sulfurized esters of oxalic acid |
US3121071A (en) * | 1959-09-25 | 1964-02-11 | Dow Chemical Co | Polymers of 2-sulfo-1-sulfomethyl ethyl methacrylate |
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