US2168993A - Expanding device for tubular envelopes - Google Patents
Expanding device for tubular envelopes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2168993A US2168993A US142655A US14265537A US2168993A US 2168993 A US2168993 A US 2168993A US 142655 A US142655 A US 142655A US 14265537 A US14265537 A US 14265537A US 2168993 A US2168993 A US 2168993A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- mandrel
- celluloid
- envelope
- expanding device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 Celluloid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
- B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
- B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/06—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam for articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/22—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes
- B29C55/24—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of tubes radial
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/08—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory by stretching tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/38—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses
- B29C63/42—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses using tubular layers or sheathings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K19/00—Non-propelling pencils; Styles; Crayons; Chalks
- B43K19/16—Making non-propelling pencils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/16—Cooling
- B29C2035/1616—Cooling using liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/049—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using steam or damp
Definitions
- My invention relates to the manufacture of envelopes designed to protect rod-shaped articles such as for instance slate-pencils, leads, color pencils, etc., against breakage. It has particular reference to tubular envelopes made of some flexible material such as for instance Celluloid, which can be easily cut through when pointing the pencil or the like.
- the inner diameter of the envelope must be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the article.
- Celluloid tubes have already been expanded by treating them with hot water, whereupon the pencil or the like has been introduced into the envelope, and this latter shrunk onto the pencil by quenching it with cold water.
- the tubes heated to a suitable temperature, are slowly drawn over a mandrel of increasing diameter, whereby the tubes are imparted an inner diameter slightly exceeding the outer diameter of the pencil or the like.
- the expansion of the tube is rendered permanent by cooling.
- a length of tube equalling that of the article to be covered is then cut off and the article introduced, whereupon the tube is heated together with the article, for instance in boiling Water, whereupon the Celluloid tube will shrink and firmly embrace the pencil or the like,
- I is a mandrel of a diameter such as to exactly fit in the Celluloid or other tube before it is expanded.
- 2 is a conical shoulder formed on the mandrel, the diameter of which increases from this point on to considerably exceed the part I.
- 3 is a steam box with an inlet 5' and outlet 5 and with central apertures 6 formed in opposite walls, while I are paclc'ngs, for instance rubber packings serving to prevent the escape or" steam.
- the mandrel l extends through the apertures 6 with the conical shoulder 2 surrounded by the steam box, the clearance between the mandrel and the packings being so chosen, that a Celluloid tube can pass through.
- the box 8 is a cooling box surrounding the expanded part of the tube and adjoining the steam box.
- the box 8 is fitted with an intake and exhaust for cold water and with packings similar as the steam box 3.
- Expanding device for tubular envelopes consisting of a cellulose compound such as Celluloid, comprising in combination, a mandrel in two sections differing in diameter with a conical shoulder connecting the two sections, a heating chamber surrounding the conical shoulder of the mandrel, a cooling chamber surrounding a portion of the larger section of the mandrel and means for drawingthe envelope to be expanded axially over the mandrel and through said chambers.
- a mandrel in two sections differing in diameter with a conical shoulder connecting the two sections, a heating chamber surrounding the conical shoulder of the mandrel, a cooling chamber surrounding a portion of the larger section of the mandrel and means for drawingthe envelope to be expanded axially over the mandrel and through said chambers.
Description
Aug. '8, 1939.
} A. J OSEPH EXPANDING DEVICE FOR TUBULAR ENVELOPES Filed May 14, 1937 jeam wafer jfwewfor Patented Aug. 8, 1939 EXPANDING DEVICE FOR TUBULAR ENVELOPES Alex Joseph, Amsterdam, Netherlands Application May 14, 1937, Serial No. 142,655 In the Netherlands May 14, 1936 1 Claim.
My invention relates to the manufacture of envelopes designed to protect rod-shaped articles such as for instance slate-pencils, leads, color pencils, etc., against breakage. It has particular reference to tubular envelopes made of some flexible material such as for instance Celluloid, which can be easily cut through when pointing the pencil or the like.
In order to firmly seat such envelope on the article to be protected, the inner diameter of the envelope must be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the article. To this end Celluloid tubes have already been expanded by treating them with hot water, whereupon the pencil or the like has been introduced into the envelope, and this latter shrunk onto the pencil by quenching it with cold water.
It has further been suggested to impart to the envelope a larger diameter by drawing it in heated condition onto a mandrel and to thereafter cool the envelope, whereuponthe article is introduced and the clearance between the article and the envelope filled with a binder such as plaster of Paris.
It is an object of my invention to render the use of such binder superfluous and to produce tubular envelopes made of Celluloid or the like on a quantity basis in a particularly simple and efiicient manner. To this end the tubes, heated to a suitable temperature, are slowly drawn over a mandrel of increasing diameter, whereby the tubes are imparted an inner diameter slightly exceeding the outer diameter of the pencil or the like. The expansion of the tube is rendered permanent by cooling. A length of tube equalling that of the article to be covered is then cut off and the article introduced, whereupon the tube is heated together with the article, for instance in boiling Water, whereupon the Celluloid tube will shrink and firmly embrace the pencil or the like,
Probably the expansion of the tube sets up strains in the tube wall, which are fixed by the immediate cooling down, so that the diameter of the tube remains constant for some time- As soon however as the tube thus treated is heated in hot water or in some other suitable manner, the strains existing in the material will cause the tube to shrink, whereby the tube is firmly fixed on the pencil or other article introduced into it without the use of any binder.
In the drawing affixed to this specification and forming part thereof a device for treating Celluloid and other tubular envelopes to expand it and to fix their expanded condition, as intended according to this invention, is illustrated diagrammatically by way of example in axial section,
Referring to the drawing, I is a mandrel of a diameter such as to exactly fit in the Celluloid or other tube before it is expanded. 2 is a conical shoulder formed on the mandrel, the diameter of which increases from this point on to considerably exceed the part I. 3 is a steam box with an inlet 5' and outlet 5 and with central apertures 6 formed in opposite walls, while I are paclc'ngs, for instance rubber packings serving to prevent the escape or" steam. The mandrel l extends through the apertures 6 with the conical shoulder 2 surrounded by the steam box, the clearance between the mandrel and the packings being so chosen, that a Celluloid tube can pass through.
8 is a cooling box surrounding the expanded part of the tube and adjoining the steam box. The box 8 is fitted with an intake and exhaust for cold water and with packings similar as the steam box 3.
9 are feed rollers near the first section of the mandrel l and Hi, I!) are similar rollers adjoining the larger section, I! is a Celluloid tube drawn over the mandrel and I2 is the expanded section of this tube.
The Celluloid tube l l is drawn, in the direction of the arrow, onto the tube l by the feed rollers 9 and on entering the steam box 3 is softened by the hot steam to the extent of becoming expansible, so that the feed rollers It can pull it onto the larger section of the mandrel and through the cold water box 8, where the expansion of the tube is rendered permanent for some time. In this manner the diameter of the tube can be increased in such manner as to enable it to be easily mounted on the pencil or the article to be enveloped. The pencil with the tubular envelope mounted thereon is then placed in boiling water or the like, whereby the envelope is caused to shrink and to firmly embrace the pencil or the like, which is thus efficiently protected.
Obviously the means for heating and cooling the material forming the envelope may be varied in accordance with the requirements of each individual case.
Various changes may be made in the details disclosed in the foregoing specification without departing from the invention or sacrificing the advantages thereof.
I claim:
Expanding device for tubular envelopes consisting of a cellulose compound such as Celluloid, comprising in combination, a mandrel in two sections differing in diameter with a conical shoulder connecting the two sections, a heating chamber surrounding the conical shoulder of the mandrel, a cooling chamber surrounding a portion of the larger section of the mandrel and means for drawingthe envelope to be expanded axially over the mandrel and through said chambers.
ALEX JOSEPH.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2168993X | 1936-05-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2168993A true US2168993A (en) | 1939-08-08 |
Family
ID=19873786
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US142655A Expired - Lifetime US2168993A (en) | 1936-05-14 | 1937-05-14 | Expanding device for tubular envelopes |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2168993A (en) |
CH (1) | CH200699A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2423260A (en) * | 1944-12-29 | 1947-07-01 | Extruded Plasties Inc | Extrusion of tubing |
US2494273A (en) * | 1947-01-29 | 1950-01-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Apparatus for expanding thermoplastic tubing |
US2602959A (en) * | 1948-03-05 | 1952-07-15 | John M Fenlin | Apparatus for making tubular conduits |
US2945258A (en) * | 1958-04-22 | 1960-07-19 | Koppers Co Inc | Apparatus for producing plastic material |
EP0325923A2 (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-08-02 | Caran D'ache S.A. | Process for enclosing a pencil, lead and pencil lead obtained by this process |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2611154A (en) * | 1948-09-17 | 1952-09-23 | Chevrier Eugene Marcel | Method of pressing blanks of molded pulp |
CN112847906B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-03-14 | 宜宾天亿新材料科技有限公司 | Multi-section type pipe heating device used before preparation of PVC-O pipe fitting |
-
1937
- 1937-05-14 US US142655A patent/US2168993A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1938
- 1938-02-01 CH CH200699D patent/CH200699A/en unknown
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2423260A (en) * | 1944-12-29 | 1947-07-01 | Extruded Plasties Inc | Extrusion of tubing |
US2494273A (en) * | 1947-01-29 | 1950-01-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Apparatus for expanding thermoplastic tubing |
US2602959A (en) * | 1948-03-05 | 1952-07-15 | John M Fenlin | Apparatus for making tubular conduits |
US2945258A (en) * | 1958-04-22 | 1960-07-19 | Koppers Co Inc | Apparatus for producing plastic material |
EP0325923A2 (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-08-02 | Caran D'ache S.A. | Process for enclosing a pencil, lead and pencil lead obtained by this process |
EP0325923A3 (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1990-03-14 | Caran D'ache S.A. | Process for enclosing a pencil, lead and pencil lead obtained by this process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH200699A (en) | 1938-10-31 |
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