US2165202A - Lock - Google Patents

Description

July 11, 1939. BJQRCK 2,165,202

LOCK

Filed Oct. 26, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l Y. BJ6RCK July 11, 1939.

LOCK

Filed Oct. 26, 1937, 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W Q4 m: E 1

u j /2 26 W 34 3/ I! #12 wlrllvydnn lka'llllllll a M 9 I Z a F Patented July 11, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application October 26, 1937, Serial No. 171,141 In Sweden November 5, 1936 8 Claims.

The present invention relates to looks for doors and the like with one or more lock bolts or other locking members operated by means of a key and a handle or a similar device, and the invention has for its object to provide a lock in which the possibility of opening the look by picking and particularly also by blasting the same is reduced as far as possible. To this end, the tumbler mechanism controlling the lock bolt is placed at a lateral distance from the key hole, and the portion of the key intended for the actuation of the tumbler mechanism is arranged to be loosened from the remaining part of the key by shifting of the lock handle and to be transferred from the inserting position to the tumbler mechanism for engagement therewith.

The blasting of locks, for instance of safe locks and the like, is almost always effected by introducing an explosive charge into the key hole and igniting it, whereby the adjacent lock members, namely, the tumbler mechanism proper for the lock bolt or look bolts in the locks hitherto used, are destroyed so as to release the lock bolts. On the other hand, a lock according to the present invention permits the placing of the tumbler mechanism proper so far from the key hole that an explosive charge placed therein will not cause serious damage. Moreover, the picking of the lock is rendered exceedingly difficult on account of the distance between the key hole and the tumbler mechanism.

In order to render picking still more difficult, there is arranged, according to the invention, one or more members adapted normally to screen off the tumbler mechanism from the key hole but adapted to be moved away during the transfer of the bit to the tumbler mechanism, so that the latter is rendered operable by the bit.

An approved embodiment of a lock according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings which also illustrate two different types of keys according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the lock in vertical section taken on line ll in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the lock.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 and 5 are horizontal sections on line 4-4 and line 55 in Fig. 1 respectively. Fig. 6 is a cross section on line 6-6 in Fig. 1 and shows a detail of the lock mechanism. Fig. 7 shows in elevation andin section, an embodiment on the type of key intended to be used in connection with the lock disclosed in the preceding figures. Fig. 8 is a sectioned elevation of the same key turned by relatively to the position in Fig. ,7. Fig. 9 is an endwise view of the key. Fig. 10 shows a detail modification of the key according to Figs. 79.

The lock according to the first embodiment is provided in a casing, the inner end wall of which is designated by i, the outer end wall thereof by 2, the front side wall thereof by H and the rear side wall of the casing by [2. Displaceably arranged at right angles to the door seam in the upper part of the casing is a lock bolt 3, and said lock bolt may be moved into the casing against the action of a compression spring 6 within a sleeve 5 by depressing the handle 9 which is secured on the shaft l0 extending through the lock casing. The operative connection between the shaft IE! and the bolt 3 is eifected by means of the circular disks [3 and I4 secured on said shaft and a cotter l6 arranged between the disks, said cotter being adapted upon depression of the handle 9 through a certain distance and a corresponding turning movement of the disks I3, 14 in a clockwise direction to bear on the pin ll secured on the bolt 3 so as to move the said bolt into the lock casing upon further depression of the handle. The compression spring 6 tends to keep the bolt 3 in a projection position, in addition to which a second spring (not shown), preferably secured to either of the disks l3, [4, tends to keep the handle 9 in a horizontal position.

Displaceably arranged in the lower part of the lock casing is a locking bolt 4, which is kept locked in projected position by a tumbler mechanism against the retracting action of a tension spring 8 within a sleeve 1, said tumbler mechanism being adapted to be released by means of a key. This tumbler mechanism comprises a plate 20 vertically secured on the bolt 4 and provided with two apertures 2| and 22 placed on different levels (Fig. 6), and also comprises two horizontal pins 23 and 24 adapted for cooperation with said apertures and carried each by a vertical rod 25 and 26 respectively, said pins being vertically displaceable with these rods in a fixed support 27. Provided about each rod 25 and 26 respectively is a compression spring 28 tending to keep the respective rod and pin in its lowermost position, as shown in Fig. 1. In this position, the pins 23 and 24 prevent the plate 20 and thus the bolt 4 from being moved inwardly by the spring 8, while being adapted to release the bolt when displaced upwardly to the level of the respective apertures 2| and 22, which displacement is effected by the insertion of a suitable key into the lock and depression of the handle 9, as will be described hereinafter The key shown in Figs. 7-9 represents the type of key by means of which the lock can be opened. The key consists of two parts adapted to be loosenedfrom one another, that. is to say the bit 44, 46, 4'! and the hollow shank 45 with agrip 56. When the key is assembled, the bit of it is caused to bear with an oval flange 49 on the end wall 59 of the shank,

the shaft 44 of the bit continuing through an aperture in the end wall 59 for a distance into the shank'where it terminates in an oblong transverse abutment 59 which thus lies on the inside of the end wall 59, so as to lock the bit to the shank in an axial direction. Provided in the end Wall 59 and in the jacket surface of the shank is a slot the width of which corresponds to the width of the transverse abutment 50. If the bit is turned from the position shownior 90 relatively to the shank, the transverse abutment 59' will correspond to the slot 5| so that the bit may tudinal slots 58in the jacket wall o'f the shank,

by means of which projections the plunger 54 V of which both of the bolts have now been with drawn, so that the door'or any. corresponding may be displaced downwardly in the shank for a certain distance, the knife member then releasing the bit so as to make possible a mutual turn- 7 ing movement between the bit'and the shank for the purpose of separating these parts.

When the lock shown in locked position in Figs. 1-5 is to be unlocked, the key is introduced into the aperture 33 in the front wall I of the lock said hole 33 being shaped in correspondence to the bit and shank of the key. The shaft 440i the 7 bit then enters an aperture 34 in the disk l3 so as to bear on thefront end of, a pin 3i secured to the disk l4, saidv pin projecting into the bore 48 of the bit. The oval flange 49 of the bit is received in a corresponding recess 29in the disk l3, so that the bit cannot be turned about its shaft 44. The shank 45 of the key has been introduced so far that the projections 53 thereof will be located immediately. behind the wall ll of the lock casing in the intermediate space between said wall. II. and a fixed disk l5, which is rendered possible by the recess 35 in the key hole 33 corresponding to one (the upper one) of the projections 53. At the same time, the plunger 54 and the knife member 52 in the shaft will have been. displaced against the action of the spring 55 for a certain distance in a direction toward the grip 56, so as to release the engage ment between the knife member 52 and the transverse abutment 50. This has been brought about by the projections 51' having been caused to bear on the wall I of the lock casing, prior 'to introducing the key into its final position.

a After the key hasbeenintroduoed into the position described,'the shank45 is turned 90 in a clockwise direction, the shank being retained" in the new position by reason of the clamping effect of the projections 53 and 51 on both sides of the lock casing wall H. .In thenew position, the slot 5| of the shank lies horizontally and thus in line with the transverse abutment 59 of the bit, so that the latter can be moved out laterally from the shank. This is effected by depressing the handle 9 thedisks. |3jand |4being thus turned and caused to entrain the bit, whilethe shank remains in the outer key hole. At this movement of thebit, the transverse abutment 50 thereof projecting from the disk l3 runs in a slot 32 in the fixed disk'|5.f f

When the handle 9 has been depressed into the position shown by chain-dotted lines in Fig. 1,

the bit will be locatedimmediately adjacent the pins 23 and 24 projecting into the intermediate space between the'disks 3 and I4, as indicated by the key hole shown by chain-dotted lines in Fig. l. The bit is provided with two tongues 46 and .41 adapted for cooperation with the pins, the latter tongue 41 being provided with an abutment rising v above the other tongue by a distance corresponding to the vertical distance between the apertures 2| and 22. Ata'continued depression of the handie 9 the-pin 23v will first be raised (by the tongue 41.), and then thepin 24 (by the tongue 46) the depression being followed up until the pins correspond to the respective apertures Hand 22, in

which position the bit is stopped by reason of the fact thatits transverse abutment 59 has then reached the extreme position in the slot 32. The locking bolt 4 will thus be released so as to be pulled into, the look by the retracting spring 8, the plate 20 being then moved in over the pins 23 and 24. At the depression of the handle to pulled into the lock through the cooperation between the cotter l6 and the pin IT, by reason member can be opened. 7

When the handle 9 is then released, it will be returned again by its spring into horizontal posimay be taken out together with the latter. The

'move'the bit of the key the bolt 3 will have been.

locking, bolt 4 remains in retracted position, the

pins 23 and 24'being then kept in raised position by the plate 20.

The locking of the lock, that is to say projection of the bolt 4, is effected solely by depression of the handle 9, the key being. unnecessary. The bolt 4 is provided with a suitably shaped plate I9, the free end 43 of which isin the path of movement of a cotter I8 secured to the 'disks'l3 and I4 and located therebetween, said cotter being at a sufficient depression of the handle caused to bear on the end 43 so as to displace the bolt 4 outwardly. On account of the simultaneous displacement. of the plate 20'to the left, the pins '23- and 24 will then'be released and returned by the respective springs 28 to the lowermost position, whereby the bolt 4 Will consequently be 7 right behind the outer key hole 33 (in the lock casingwall ||),,it will obviouslybe possible by means of a pick-lock to enter the intermediate space between the disks l3 and I4 so'as to actuate the lock mechanism (the pins 23 and 24).To

prevent such actuation,- there are provided in the said intermediate space,'first, a screening'plate' 35 pivotally suspended between the disks l3 and I4, said screening plate entering a fixed stirrup. i

38 when the handle 9. is in a horizontal position, and, second, a plate 40 rigidly connected with the disks'and extending from the point of. suspension of the screening plate 35 inwardly toward the center. As will appear, these plates .form a screen between the'key hole and the lock mech'anismso as to prevent access to the latter through the key hole. When .the handle '9 is depressed, these plates follow the disks 1-3 and I4 and are caused to take the upper position indicated by chain-dotted lines, when the key hole is in its position indicated by chain-dotted lines, in which the pins 23 and 24 are'uncovered to be actuated by the key bit, if inserted. When the handle is moved up again, an edge 42 on a guide member'4l secured on the support 2'! guides the screening plate '36 in a manner such that the latter moves freely past the ends of the :pins 23 and 24, and in the same manner a leaf spring 39 secured at .its upper end prevents the screening plate from being moved to the right of the stir- As will be seen particularly from Figs. 1 and 5, the outer key hole 33 will be covered when the handle 9 is depressed from the position indicated in Fig, 1 with full drawn lines, and hereby the possibility of getting'into the interior of the lock with a pick-lock to actuate the pins 23 and 24 uncovered by the depression of the handle is eliminated.

The lock described and the key employed in connection therewith are only to be regarded as an example of this part of the invention, which has for its object in a lock of the type in question to place the locking mechanism proper so far off from the key hole that blasting of the latter will not destroy the locking mechanism and the latter also cannot be actuated by means of a pick-lock, and also aims at using a divisible key, the bit or corresponding part of which can be moved within the lock for the actuation of the lock mechanism. For the invention, it is thus a matter of subsidiary import how the lock mechanism proper is constructed with respect to the details thereof, and how many locking members (or bolts) are used, and how these members are shaped and arranged. The key may be formed in any suitable manner enabling detachment of the bit or the corresponding member from the remaining portion of the key (or shank).

The key according to Figs. 79 has the disadvantage that the bit can be released from the shank rather easily, i. e. through actuation of the protruding projections 51, which involves the risk that the parts of the key may be brought apart unintentionally, for instance in the carrying of the key in ones pocket. This drawback may be readily obviated through some small detail modifications as shown in Fig. 10, which illustrates the leading end of the key in the same manner as Fig. 8.

According to Fig, 10, the bit of the key is provided with a central passage 60 extending through the shaft 44 as well as through the transverse abutment 50. The plunger 54 is provided with two projections 6| running in slots 62 on the inside of the jacket wall of the shank 45 so as to prevent the plunger from turning about its axis. To bring the knife member 52 out of engagement with the transverse abutment 50 for the purpose of releasing the bit of the key, when the key is introduced into the lock, the pin 3| on the disk I4 (Fig. 5) for the mounting of the fore end of the bit is in this case made so long as to extend altogether through the passage 60 of the bit when the key is introduced into the key hole, the said pin thus moving the knife member 52 back, so that the shank 45 can be turned and the bit be thus released in the manner hereinbefore indicated.

Obviously, the connection between the various parts of the key is much more effective in this latter embodiment, since the knife member 52 cannot readily be actuated from the outside. To be able to do this, a comparatively long pin or the like is required, which is.introduced into the passage 50 of the bit, by reason of which an unintentional separation of the parts of the key.

can hardly occur.

In the key according to Fig. 10, the transverse abutment 50 of the bit is rounded preferably at the one short end thereof, as indicated at 63. The object of this, arrangement is to render reuniting possible between the bit and the shank when the bit is returned to the key hole on having .been transferred to the lock mechanism, during which displacement with knife member 52 is understood to have been returned to the front position by the spring 55. By reason of the rounded portion 53 of the transverse abutment 50, however, the knife member 52 will be pressed back when the transverse abutment is introduced into the shank through the slot 5! of the latter, and will thus upon a turning movement of the shank through 90 snap into the slot in the transverse abutment. In the key according to Figs. '7-9, this arrangement was not necessary, inasmuch, as the projections 51 kept the knife member 52 out of engagement with the abutment 50 during the whole of the time the key was introduced in the lock.

The illustrated embodiments are only to be regarded as examples of application of the invention, it being thus possible to make alterations with respect to the details, without the principle of the invention being departed from. Thus details of one embodiment may in many cases be advantageously employed in any one of the other embodiments wherein these details have been lacking or have at least not had any direct counterparts.

I claim:

1. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said key hole and including a first part and a second part separable from the first part, said second part being adapted to actuate said tumbler mechanism, a hand operable member, and members in operative relation to said hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the hand operable member, to engage and separate the second key part from the first key part and to transfer said second key part into engagement with the tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter.

2. In a safety lock having a key hole, two lock bolts, a tumbler mechanism controlling one of said bolts and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key including a first part and a second part separable from the first part, said second part being adapted to actuate said tumbler mechanism, a hand operable member and members in operative relation to said hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of said hand operable member to engage and separate the second key part from the first key part and to transfer said second key part into engagement with said tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter.

3. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking mechanism and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said key hole and including a shank, and a bit separable from said shank, a hand conof i ' tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter. 1

4. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members 1 and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adopted for insertion in said key hole and'including a shank and a bit separable from said shank, a hand controlled member, members in operative relation with said hand controlled member adapted,

upon actuation of the hand controlled member,

to engage and separate the bit from the shank 'and to' transfer said bit into engagement with V the tumbler mechanism'for actuating the latter,

and means for retaining the shank in position in the key hole during the separation and transfer of said bit, said. bit being returned to engagement with said shank after actuation of said tumbler mechanism.

5. In a safety lock including a front wall, a key hole therein, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said key hole and including a shank and a bit separable from said shank, a hand operable member, members in operative relation to said hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the hand operable member, to engage and separate'the bit from the shank and to transfer said bit intoengagement with the tumbler mechanismfor actuating the latter, and projections on the key shank for engagement withsaid front wall to retain said shank in position during the separation and transfer of the bit, said bit being' returned to operative relation to said shank after actuation of said tumbler mechanism.

6. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said key hole and'including a shank,

and a'bit separable from said shank, a hand controlled member, members in operative relation with said hand controlled member adapted, upon actuation of the hand controlledmember, toengageand separate the bit from theshan'kfand to transfer said bitinto" engagement with the tunibler' mechanismfor actuating the latter, and "a guard like screen member disposed between the key hole and said tumbler mechanism adapted to be moved to inoperative position during transfer of the bit.

7. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted. for insertion in said key hole and including a shank, and a bit separable from said shank, a hand controlled member, members inoperative relation with said hand controlled member adapted, upon actuation of the hand controlled member, to engage and separate the bit from the shank and to transfer said bit into engagement with the tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter, a guard like screen member associated with the bit transfer members disposed between the key hole and said tumbler mechanism adapted to be moved to inoperative position during transfer of the bit. I a

8. In a safety loc'k having a key hole, a pin arranged centrally in'said' key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a=distance laterally from the key hole, a key including a shank and a bit separable from said shank, said bit having a recess for saidpin, means for locking the bit on the shank and adapted to be released by said pin upon insertion'of the key in the key hole, a hand operable member, and members in operative relation to said hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the hand operable member, to engage and separate the bit from the shank and to transfer said bit into operative engagement with the tumbler mechanism.

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