US2160793A - Pickup - Google Patents

Description

`Nlay 30, 1939 l R DALLY 2,160,793

PICKUP Filed Jan. 21, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet l foy @all )kaf v mi May 3o,- 1939. R, DALLY 2,160,793

PICKUP Filed Jan. 21, 195s s sheets-sheet 2' N g I l ,l I) I/ 2 Inf/,1,111,1-

39 Wg 103 1?@ pala R. DALLY May 3o, 1939.

PICKUP Filed Jan. 2l, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet I5 l* yu v 'w Illia In IIIIII fil Patented May 30, 1939 PATENT OFFICE PICKUP Roy Dally, Y

YElectric Company,

of Wisconsin Racine, yWis., assignor to Webster Racine, Wis., a corporation Application January 21, 1938, 4Serial No. 186,049

25 Claims.

The present invention relates to crystal pickup units for sound reproduction, such as are utilized in .phonographs of the type utilizing a loud speaker or translating the record of sound from a disc record into electrical energy.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improved crystal pick-up unit in which the crystal is wholly protected against the ingressY of moisture and adapted to be maintained in good condition in spite of external moisture or other deleterious conditions.

vAnother object of the invention is the provision of an improved pick-up unit which is adapted to be manufactured more cheaply by virtue of the fact that it embodies less parts and involves less work in its assembly, and has no loose sleeves or resilient supporting blocks, such as are lused in the devices of the prior art.

Another obj ect of the invention is the provision of an improved resilient supporting housing for crystal pick-up units in which the resilient supporting parts are adapted to-be utilized at high efficiency for a longer period of time, by virtue of the fact that the-present integral rubber housing does not age as fast as the small resilient or rubber blocks or sleeves which are used in the devices of the prior art.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved crystal pick-up in which there is less mechanical noise produced by the pick-up than in the devices of the prior art because most of the mechanical noise is out by the structure of the present pick-up.

Another object is the provision of an improved 1;.; crystal pick-up in which high fidelity reproduction can be secured, or with which any desired voltage cut-off at a predetermined frequency can be secured within a predetermined range, by means of slight changes in the structure of the pick-up.

Another object is the provision of an improved crystal pick-up unit which is protected not only against moisture, but which is protected and shieldedv electromagnetically and electrostaticallyV .i5 by means of an external metal housing.

Another object is the provision of an improved metal housing or shield for crystal pick-ups of the. class described, which is adapted to. clamp the integral water-tight sleeves, but which may be provided with such a clearance between the chuck and the shield that it will positively stop any eX- cessive motion of the chuck and prevent the breaking of the crystal by forces applied to the chuck.

Other objects and advantages oi the invention absorbed or damped i will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several Views.

Referring to the three sheets of drawings: Fig. 1 is a fragmentary top plan View of a phonograph, showing the turntable and tone arm equipped with the present pick-up;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the pick-up, taken on the plane of the line. 2 2 of Fig. 1, showing the details of structure of the pick-up in double size, the pick-up being equipped with female connector sleeves;

Fig. 3 is a similar vertical sectional view of the same pick-up when equipped with male connector members;

Fig. 4 is a similar view of the pick-up when equipped with lead wires directly connected by means of sleeves to the pick-up;

Fig. 5 is a view of the pick-up, similar to Fig. 4, when equipped with screw type connectors;

Fig. 6 is a sectional View taken on the plane of the line 6 6 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing details of construction of theA pick-up;

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 1-1 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing further details;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 8-8 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing details of construction of the crystal;

Fig. 9 is a side elevational view of a modified form of pick-up, in partial section, on a plane passing through the axis of the pick-up chuck, showing an upper needle feed type of pick-up;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal sectional View, taken on .the plane of the line lll- I0 oi Fig. 9, looking in the direction of the arrows, and showing details of construction of the chuck;

Fig. 11 is an end elevational view of the pickup unit of Fig. 9, in partial section, at the plane of the needle feed axis, showing further details of construction;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view, showing a connector similar in structure to Fig. 5, but adapted for a soldered connection to a wire;

Fig. 13 is a top plan view ofv the pick-up unit of Fig. 9.

Referring to Fig, 1, 20 indicates in its entirety a phonograph which is provided with a support 2| for rotatably supporting a turntable Z2 rotatably mounted on a shaft 23 for carrying the disc record 24. The support 2i carries the base 25'- of the tone arm, upon which the tone arm 2@ is mounted for pivotal movement in a vertical plane and pivotal movement in a horizontal plane.

The tone arm 26 carries suitable conductors or leads which extend from the pick-up unit 2l, which is the type embodying the present invention.

'I'he pick-up unit 21 may be secured in place by a U-shaped stirrup 2S of metal or fiber, which embraces the pick-up and has its attaching flanges secured to the tone arm '2G by screws or other convenient fastening means.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 6, 7, and 8, these are views which illustrate the preferred construction of the pick-up. The pick-up comprises an elongated crystalline piezo-electric unit, indicated in its entirety by the numeral 29, which is particularly constructed to generate an electromotive force when the crystal unit 29 is subjected to twisting or torsion.

Referring to Fig. 8, such a crystal unit comprises the ilat plates 30, 3! of suitable crystals, such as Rochelle salts, which in the present case are substantially rectangular in form, for the purpose of increasing the electrical capacity of the crystal unit. The crystal units 30 and 3l are separated by metal foil 32 and are covered on the outside with an additional coating of metal foil 33, 34, which coatings serve to collect any electric charge generated from all parts of the surface of the crystals.

'Ihe foils and crystal elements are cemented together by suitable cement, such as, for example, melted Rochelle salts, thereby forming a unit which may be installed in the pick-up as such. For further disclosure of the structure of the crystal elements, reference is had to my prior application, Serial No. 102,303, filed September 24, 1936, for Pick-ups.

The leads extending from the metal foils 32-34 may be connected in series or parallel, depending upon the results desired, and any number of crystal plates may be used, as disclosed in my prior application.

In order that the crystal unit may be adapted to generate electromotive forces upon torsion, the crystals have their faces cut parallel to the b and c axes of the Rochelle salt crystaly from which they are formed, and their parallel end edges parallel to one of said axes.

With the crystalline plates thus oriented, the unit which they constitute flexes in torsion about its longitudinal axis, when the plates are subjected to electrostatic fields caused by electromotive forces applied to their electrodes, and Vice versa, and when the unit is so flexed in torsion electromotive forces are generated at its electrodes. Piezo-electric units of this character are now well known, and are further described in United States Letters Patent No. 1,803,275 issued to Charles B. Sawyer, and now owned by the Brush Development Company, from which such crystal units may be purchased.

The present crystal units are further enclosed in a water-impervious coating comprising two coatings of asphalt lacquer extending over all of the metallic foil protecting the crystals from ac cess of moisture, such as might be due to condensation within the housing, further to be described.

The housing and support for the crystal unit 29 preferably comprises a pair of resilient, exible rubber members 35, 36, which are similar in shape and construction and practically identical,

except that one member is left hand and the other is right hand. Each of these half housing members is provided with half cylindrical grooves so that when the halves are assembled the housing has a pair of apertures 3l, 38 for leads.

Each of these housing members is substantially rectangular in'elevation, and is provided with a at side surface 3Q, bottom surface d0, top surface 5E?, and end surfaces 5H, 52, all of which surfaces are substantially rectangular.

Each of the half housincr members 35, 36 is also provided with a centrally located cavity 53, which may be substantially rectangular in elevation, as shown in Fig. 2, except for the upper left corner, which is cut olf parallel to the needle well. The two cavities 53 of the two housing members 35, 36 form a crystal chamber 5d when the two housing members are placed together with the two hat surfaces 55, 55 engaging each other.

The housing members 35, 30 are provided with at surfaces 55, 50, which surround the border of the housing members so that the two housing members may be placed flatly together and the edges thereof may be sealed to provide a moisture-tight enclosure. Exceptions to this flat surface are at the chuck sleeve 57, the chuck groove 53, and the needle well 59, as well as grooves 3l, 33.' kGrooves 3l, 33 may also have half tubular members protruding therefrom to insulate the connectors from the metal housing.

Thus, at the point 58, each of the half housings is provided with a half cylindrical groove extending diagonally downwardly to the left in Fig. 2, for receiving the cylindrical portion 6! of the chuck 0i.

The groove 59, shown in Fig. 2, is utilized when the half housing members 36 are used on the top needle feed type of pick-up, shown in Fig. 9.

At the point 51, each of the half housings is provided with a semi-cylindrical, longitudinally projecting formation 57, like a half sleeve, which surrounds the chuck bearing 62 and provides a moisture-tight engagement between the chuck trunnion and the housing members.

When the two housing members are placed together, the members 5l make a cylindrical sleeve, and the housing members are provided with a half cylindrical groove 63, so that the grooves 63 form a bearing for the chuck trunnion 62. The grooves 53 likewise clamp the cylindrical part 60 of the chuck and may be used to effect a damping of the chuck by the resilient engagement of the rubber parts on that part of the chuck.

The two housing members 35, 3S are also each provided with a chamber 54 communicating with the grooves 63, 58, and 5S, for receiving the main part of the chuck lil. Another half cylindrical groove E5 in each of the housing members communicates with the recess 53, so that when the housing members are placed together, the latter grooves 555 embrace the cylindrical chuck trunnion 6E, which extends from the chamber 64 into the chamber 53.

If desired, a sleeve similar to the sleeve 51 may be extended from the groove 58 surrounding the lower cylindrical portion of the chuck 60, as shown in Fig. 3. The chuck 6I comprises a cast metal member, which may be made of various metals, such as aluminum, Dow nesium, or zinc alloys. Such materials may be used for the purpose of securing high fidelity reproduction up to the frequency of resonance which, for example, is about 5,000 cycles per second for zinc, 6,000 cycles per second for alumetal, or magl lli minum, and. 7,500cycles,per second for Dow metal. Any desired voltage cut-offgat predeterj-l mined frequency can besecured by'changing the materials; of which'the chuckand thehousing halves are constructed' or'by changing theclampingconnection between the crystalunit and the chuck.

The chuck is a cruciform member formedby four outwardly projecting rvcylindrical portions 62, 60, 10, and 1|. l The cylindrical extensions62 and 1| arein alignment with each other and comprise the trunnions for the chuck. The cylindrical portions 68 and 18 are in alignmentwith each other and comprise the needle-supporting portion of the chuck, but the vportions 6|) and 10 extend diagonally downwardly and toward the left, in Fig. 2, so as to hold the needle at an angle, to cause the needle to track more easily.

The cylindrical Vportions 1|) and 60 of the chuck are provided with a cylindricalfbore 12 of such size as to slidably receive the needle 13, and in the embodiment of Fig. 2 this bore terminates at the. point 14, and the needle abuts against the end of the bore.

The'trunnion 62 isv also provided with a` bore 15, which is threaded to receive the threaded end of a needle screw 16, having a knurled head 11. The needle screw 16 bearsagainst the needle 13 and clamps it in place, as the bore 15 intersects with the bore 12. v

The cylindrical portion 1| of the chuck, that is, the inner trunnion, is provided with a clamping extension, shown best in Fig. 10, and comprising a pair of substantially parallel, rectangular plates 18, 19, which are integral with the trunnion, and have a groove 80 between them. The crystal unit 29 has a strip of rubber or other resilient material 8|, folded in U-shape about its edge and placed in the groove 88. The two flanges 18 and 19 are then clamped against the rubber 8 I, clamping theV crystal unit 29 and securing the chuck to the crystal unit.

The resilient characteristics of may be' varied by varying the resilient material 8|, which is used by varying the thickness of the plates 18, 19 or the material of the chuck, that is, the stiffness of the clamping member., and by the amount of'force which is applied in bending the plates 18, 19 into clamping engagement with the rubber8l and crystal unit 29. This connection provides a resilient damping connection between the crystal unit A29 andthe chuckl.

It should be noted thatthe housing halves 35, 36 and the rubber pad 8| maybe made bf resilient, iiexible rubber or other similar resilient material.

'I'he temperatures at which these pick-ups operate are-between '10 and 130 degrees F., and between these temperatures there are substantially no changes in the damping qualities of resilient and flexible rubber so that this material is of great advantage, unlike solidiiiedjoil, or Viscaloid It should be noted that all ofthe groovesv 58-,

63, 59, 65, 31, 38rmay be made slightly smaller than the metal members which they embrace so as to cause these grooves to come into resilient and huid-tight engagement withthe metal members engaged thereby, and the two rubber housing members 35', 36 may be made slightly larger than the metal housings 82, 83, which enclose them.

The metal housing membersV 82, 83 comprise box-like metal members, preferably made of pressedmetal, each one beingiidentical with the other, except that one is left hand andthe other right hand, andeach has grooves Whichregister to form connector holes 84', 85 in the housing.

this connection These connectorv holes register with the bores 31', 38-inv the correspondingl rubber half housing.

Each metal housing member 82 or 83 has a at '7) 86, a at bottom portion 81,

body portion (Fig.

portions 89 35, 36 for passing a pair of securing members 9|, 92 in the form of bolts. The two half housings 35, 36 may be secured together by tubular rivets 93, the rivets having apertures ofY suicient size to pass the bolts 9|, 92. Any other convenient form of fastening means may be utilized, if desired.

The two half housing members 35, 36 are secured together by means of rubber cement so that the rubber housing completely surrounds the crystal unit and is moisture-proof.

The metal housing members 82, 83 are preferably made of soft iron, which not only provides the crystal pick-up with an electrostatic shield, but also an electromagnetic shield. Other metals may be employedfor these metal housings 82, 83, butl unless magnetic metal is employed, the metal housing would only constitute an electrostatic shield.

The half housing members 35 and 36 are also provided with clamping formations 94, 95, within the recesses 53, and at the end opposite to the chuck 6|, for the purpose of clamping the adjacent end portions of the crystal unit 29. The resilient clamping formations 94, comprise rectangular projections in the chamber 54, located at each of the right corners of the crystal unit 29, in Fig. 2, and they project outwardly inthe recesses 53 suiliciently so that when the two halves 35, 36 are brought together, these members 94, 95 resiliently clamp and engage the crystalunit 29. Thus, the right end of the crystal unit 29 is held against movement by the clamping members 94, 95, and this clamping by means of the rubber half housings 35,A 36 is reinforced by the metal housings 82, 83. The amount of clamping or resilient engagement, and thus the resilient characteristics of the support, may be varied by varying the depth of these clamping formations 94, 95.

The clearance |23 between the cylindrical part 6|)V of the chuck and metal housings 82, 83, determines permissible amount of movement of the chuck.

Thel thickness of the housing halves 35, 36 from the flat surface 39 (Fig. 7) to the edge 55 may be varied ,to change the clamping action on the crystal unit and other parts. Thus the edge 55 of rubber preferably projects slightly above the edge 96 of the metal housing 83 when the rubber housing is removed with its metal housing, so that the rubber will be compressed when the parts are put together.

Referring to Fig. 2, one form of connector for the pick-up is shown in this iigure. In this embodiment: a pair of metal sleeves |08, lill, such as brass or copper, are provided, which t in the grooves 31, 38, with a fluid-tight t. These sleeves are identical, and'therefore only one need` be described in detail. Each sleeve has its inner end (Fig. 2) pinched together at |82 to effect a substantial closure, after which the sleeve has that end dipped in solder, and it may then be usedasa femaleV connector, if desired.

In order to make a male connector, a small CII cotterpin IGS may have its shank inserted into the sleeve mi) and soldered in place by dipping the sleeve and cotterpin into solder. The sleeve with its cotterpin is then inserted in the groove 3l, and the leads Illll, E05 from the crystal unit are soldered to the inner ends of the sleeves. The eyes of the cotterpin are very conveniently usable for insertion of wires |05', which are held in place by means of a drop of solder.

Referring to Fig. 3, in this embodiment the sleeve E38 has a Cotter-pin inserted into it, with the eye located on the inner end of the sleeve. The sleeve is pinched about the Cotter-pin and inserted in molten solder so as to close the inner end ofthe sleeve, leaving the eye of the Cotterpin open, and the leads |04, I from the crystal unit are then inserted in the eyes of the cotterpin and soldered in place by means of a drop of solder. The projecting shanks of the Cotter-pins thus serve as a male connector for insertion into a jack. l

Referring to Fig. 4, in this embodiment the end of a Ytwo-wire cable im has each of its wires stripped and one wire inserted in each of the tubes Hl, 69. The inner ends of the tubes are again pinched at il@ into engagement with the stripped wires, and the tube ends and wires .are

dipped in solder, to seal the ends of the tubes and attach the wires more securely. There,- after, .the tubes may be placed in the grooves 31, 3S and the leads liii, E05 from the crystal unit may be soldered to the inner ends H0 of the tubes. This provides a direct connection to the wires of the cable.

Referring to Fig. 5, in this embodiment the end of each tube is closed by dipping in solder, the solder engaging the end of a small metal strip Il l, which has a laterally turned ange l I2 Aprovided with a threaded aperture for receiving a clamping screw HS. The crystal unit leads |04, l S5 may then be soldered to the ends of the tubes lill, H5, and by this structure the crystal unit is provided with a standard type of threaded connector.

Referring to Figs. 9, 10 and 11, this is another embodiment, in which the needle well is prol Ill surrounding and registering with the needle well 59.

The two metal housing members 32, 83 have been indicated by the numerals 82a and 83a in this embodiment, and a separate tubular cap H9 is provided for surrounding the sleeve members H6, lll'l, and cemented thereto orV soldered to the metal housing.

The tubular cap i i9 has an inwardly extending flange 42D for engaging the ends of thesleeved formations of rubber H5, Hl. There is an aperture |22 in the top of the metal housing which registers with the needle well 59.

The tapered bore 99, Fig. 9, in the top needle feed type of chuck facilitates the entry of the needle.

The metal sleeve l2! fits in the bore 59 where it is held by cement and it is resiliently gripped by the rubber. Sleeve l2| stops short of the chuck, but it provides a smooth anti-friction path for the needle passing into the chuck. 'Ihe needle might otherwise stick due to its engagement with rubber if sleeve l2! were not provided.

The operation of this pick-up is as follows: When the needle I3 moves along the groove of the record, by virtue of the rotation of the record, the groove causes the needle 73 to vibrate in a lateral direction, producing torsional vibra-l tions of the cast metal chuck El'. These rotative vibrations or oscillations are transmitted by means of the clamping member 19 and resilient t pad Si, to the crystal unit' 29, causing a torsion may work in either of twoways: The trunnions,

may be cemented to the rubber supporting device 35, 36 at the grooves $5, 53, or so tightly clamped` that the rubber in the grooves tends to move with the trunnions, in which case there would be no sliding of the trunnions in Ithe bearings formed b y the grooves 55, 63. rIn other em. bodiments the trunnions B2, 'H may slide in the rubber bearings provided by the grooves 63, E5, or the result may be a combination of sliding movement of the trunnions in the bearings, with some 'motion of the adjacent portions Vof the.

rubber with the trunnions. The cast metal chuck .fi l, however, is made of metal of such charf acteristicsthat there is practically no resilient action in the chuck, as the cast metal ordinarily employed is not resilient, but must be strong enough to transmit the torsional vibrations without exibility, since such metal is not exible as compared with springs or steel wires.

It will ,thus beobserved that I have invented an improved pick-up unit which is cheaper to make because the assembly of small parts, such as rubber blocks, rubber sleeves, etc., has been eliminated.

The present casing ismoisture-proof and, as thereare no loose sleeves or blocks to be putin place, it may be. constructed at a much lower cost than the devices of the prior art. As all of the rubber parts are integral with the halves of the supporting housing, they do not agev as fast as the relatively small rubber vblocks or sleeves, which age more quickly than larger rubber parts. The mechanical noise incidental to the operation ofa pick-up is decreased because it is absorbed and damped out.

The present pick-up may be constructed for any desired pick-up cut-off or no voltage fre-- quency within a predetermined range, and the metal housing is adapted to provide electromagnetic and electrostatic shielding. The crystal l is adequately` protected against breakage, even when excessive .force is applied to the needle or projecting screw, and the present pick-up is adapted to give high fidelity reproduction for a long period of time. 4

Cil

so i

While I have illustrated a preferred embodi- -1. In a vpick-up unit for l phonographs or the like, the combination of a crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation,

-With a pair of housing members formed of flexible, resilient material, and provided with a -crystal chamber enclosing said crystal ,and protectingsaid crystal against humidity, -said crystal chamber having means -for clamping the crystal in the housing formed integrally With the housing.

2, In a pick-up unit for phonographs or thee like,the combination of a crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation, with a pair of housing members formed of ilexvible, resilient material,V and provided with a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, saidv crystal chamber having means for clamping thecrystal in thehousing formed integrally with the hous- `ing, and a chuck forsupporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and having a moving part thereof secured to that end of the ,crystal opposite ,frornUits support in the housing.

'3. `In a pick-up unit for phonographs or the like,-the combinationof acrystal adapted to generatean electromotive Yf orce upon deformation,

with apair of housingmembers formed of flexjible, resilient material, and provided With Va crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal .from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal `inV the housing formed integrally With the hous ing, and achuck for supporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and having aI moving part thereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite `from its support in the housing, and resilient meansV interposed between 'thechuck and the crystal unit.

4. Ina pick-up unit for phonographs or the like,.the combination. of a crystal adapted to generatean electromotive force upon deformation, with a pair of housing members formed of `flex- "ible, resilient .material, and provided with a crystal chamberenclosing vsaid crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal in the housing formed integrally with the housing, and a chuck forsupporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and Yhaving a. moving partthereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite from its support in the housing, the two halves of said housing being constructed of rubber,rand means for clamping therubber halves of said housing together.

In a pick-up unit for phonographs or the like, Vthe combination of a crystal adapted to gen- Aerateian electromotive force upon deformation,

A.Witghalpai'r of housing members formed of ilexible,"resilient material, and provided With a rcrystalcchamber enclosing said crystal and protcctingsaid crystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal in the housingxformed integrally with thehousf ing,.,and ay chuckravfor supporting a needle, vsaid chuck being mounted for movement and having a Vmovingipart,thereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite'from its support in the housing,

said chuck being mountedcfor rotative oscillation onan axis extending along the longest dimension ,of theJcrystal. l

f .16.1'In a pick-up unit for phonographsror the 'like, the-combination of. a crystal adapted to gen- I eratel an electromotive `force upon deformation,

-With a pair of housing members formed of flexible, resilient material, and provided with a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal in the housing formed integrally Withthe housing, and a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and 'having a ,-rnoving part thereof secured to that end of `the crystal opposite from its support ink the housing, and a supporting and enclosing metal housing surrounding the resilient housing to provide 'an electrostatic shield for the crystal.

'7. In a pick-up unit for phonographs or the like, the combination of a crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation,

--With a pair of housing members formed of exible, resilient material, and --provided With a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting saidcrystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal =in the housing formed'integrally with the `housing,-an,d a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck-being mounted for pivotal movement and `having a moving part thereof secured'to that end of the crystal opposite from its support inthe housing,-and a lsupporting and enclosing metal housing surrounding the resilient housing to provide an electrostatic shield for the crystaLdsaid metal housing being constructed of electromagnetic metal for the purpose of providing amag- Vnetic shield for the crystal unit.

8. -In a pick-up unit yfor phonographs or the like, the combination of la crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation,

with-a pair of housing members formed of flex- ,ible, resilient material, and provided with a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means `for clamping the crystal rin the housing iormedintegrally with the housing, and a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck beingv mounted for pivotal movement and having a moving part thereof secured to that end ilexible; resilient material, and provided with a crystal chamber enclosingrsaid crystal and protecting Vsaid crystal 'from humidity, said crystal chamber Vhaving means for clamping the `crystal'in the housing formed integrally with the housing, and a chuck for supporting a' needle,

saidchuck being mounted for pivotal movement andrhavng a moving'part thereof secured to Athat end of the crystal opposite 'from its support in the housing, andsaid housing having a portion fitting theneedle-supporting portion of the chuck to provide a fluid-tight joint about that part of thechuck.

10. In a pick-up/unitfor `phonographs or the like, the combination of a crystal adapted to Vgenerate anY electromotive force upon deforma-` tion, With a pair r0,1 housing members formed of flexible, resilient material, and providedV with a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, ksaid crystal chamber having means 'for clamping the crystal in the-housing formed integrally with the hous^` ing, and a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and having a moving part thereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite from its support in the housing, said housing being formed of two similar half portions, and means for clamping said half portions together to clamp the crystal.

11. In a pick-up unit for phonographs or the like, the combination of a crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation, with a pair of housing members formed of flexible, resilient material, and provided with a crystal chamber enclosing said crystal and protecting said crystal from humidity, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal in the housing formed integrally with the housing, and a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for pivotal movement and having a moving part thereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite from its support in the housing, and a metal housing surrounding the resilient housing, said metal housing having an aperture for passing the needle-supporting portion of the` chuck, and said metal housing limiting the motion of the chuck in the resilient housing.

12. In a pick-up unit for phonographs or the like, the combination of a crystal adapted to generate an electromotive force upon deformation, with a pair of housing members formed of flexible, resilient material, and provided with a crystal chamber, said crystal chamber having means for clamping the crystal in the housing formed integrally with the housing, and a chuck for supporting a needle, said chuck being mounted for movement and having a moving part thereof secured to that end of the crystal opposite from its support in the housing, said chuck being provided with a needle well extending through the same, and said housing having an aperture at the top for the top feed of the needle well with needles.

13. In a pick-up unit, the combination of a support with a crystal unit mounted to be fixedly supported at one end, a chuck connected to the other end of the crystal unit and mounted for pivotal movement responsive to the track on a record, said crystal unit having leads, and said housing comprising a resilient, exible member with a connector sleeve mounted in said resilient, exible member, and means for securing said connector sleeve to the leads from said crystal unit.

14. In a pick-up unit, the combination of a support with a crystal unit mounted to be fixedly supported at one end, a chuck connected to the other end of the crystal unit and mounted for movement responsive to the track on a record, said crystal unit having leads, and said housing comprising a resilient, flexible member with a connector sleeve mounted in said resilient, flexible member, and means for securing said connector sleeve to the leads from said crystal unit, said crystal unit being provided with male connector members comprising the outwardly projecting Shanks of Cotter-pins carried by said sleeves.

15. In a pick-up unit, the combination of a support with a crystal unit mounted to be X- edly supported at one end, a chuck connected to the other end of the crystal unit and mounted for movement responsive to the track on a record, said crystal unit having leads, and said housing comprising a resilient, flexible member with a connector sleeve mounted in said resilient, iexible member, and means for securing said connector sleeve to the leads from said crystal unit, said crystal unit being provided with electrical means comprising Cotter-pins having their shank ends secured in said sleeves, the eyes of said cotter-pins being used for electrical connection.

16. In a pick-up unit, the combination of a support with a crystal unit mounted to be fixedly supported at one end, a chuck connected to the other end of the crystal unit and mounted for movement responsive to the track on a record, said crystal unit having leads, and said housing comprising a resilient, flexible member with a connector sleeve mounted in said resilient, iiexible member, and means for securing said connector sleeve to the leads from said crystal unit, said crystal unit being adapted to be connected to the insulated conductors of a cable, the ends of the cable conductors being stripped and being secured to the inner ends of said tubes, the insulated ends of the conductors extending into said tubes.

17. In a pick-up unit, the combination of a support with a crystal unit mounted to be fixedly supported at one end, a chuck connected to the other end of the crystal unit and mounted for movement responsive to the track on a record, said crystal unit having leads, and said housing comprising a resilient, Viiexible member with a connector sleeve mounted in said resilient, flexible member, and means for securing said connector sleeve to the leads from said crystal unit, said sleeves being provided with metal connector members secured therein and provided with threaded bores and screw members at their outer ends for the attachment of wires.

18. In a crystal unit, the combination of a pair of half housing members formed of soft, resilient and ilexible rubber, with a chuck mounted for pivotal movement in said housing members, said chuck having a pair of aligned trunnions and a downwardly extending needlesupporting portion provided with a well, said housing halves being formed with grooves registering with and receiving the trunnions and downwardly extending portion thereof, whereby the chuck is clamped in the housing to form a moisture-tight joint between the chuck and the housing, permitting movement of the chuck.

19. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient flexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair Vof outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, cornprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads.

20. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient, exible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, the inner ends of said sleeves being pinched together to engage the bared end of an insulated conductor located in each of said sleeves, and said bared end and pinched end being soldered together in such manner as to effect a closure of that end of said sleeve.

2l. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient, flexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of out- Wardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezoelectric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, and a metallic strip located in said sleeve and soldered at the inner end of said sleeve in such manner as to effect a complete closure of the inner end of said sleeve.

22. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient, ilexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of electric sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, the inner ends of said sleeves being pinched together to engage the bared end of an insulated conductor located in each of said sleeves, and said cared end and pinched end being soldered together in such manner as to effect a closure Vof that end of said sleeve, and a metallic strip located in said sleeve and soldered at the inner end ci said sleeve in such manner as to effect a complete closure of the inner end of said sleeve, said metallic strip being formed with an apertured end for engagement with external conductors. Y

23. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient, flexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, and a metallic strip located in said sleeve and soldered at the inner end of said sleeve in such manner as to effect a complete closure of the inner end of said sleeve, said strip being provided at its external end with threaded bores, and threaded members for engaging said external conductors.

24. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient flexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together, with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the' apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, said tubular connectors having their inner ends pinched together and sealed against moisture by soldering, and a cotterpin projecting from the opposite ends of said tubular members, the eye of said cotterpin forming a connector for engagement with external conductors.

25. In a crystal pick-up, the combination of a pair of resilient flexible housing members having a crystal chamber for enclosing a crystal unit, said housing members having a pair of outwardly extending grooves communicating with said crystal chamber and forming bores when the two housing members are secured together,

with a crystal unit in said crystal chamber, and

comprising a piezo electric crystal and conducting members on the opposite sides thereof, with a pair of tubular connectors for said unit, comprising a pair of sleeves, each sleeve being disposed in one of the apertures formed by said grooves, said sleeves being connected to said leads, said tubular connectors having cotterpins arranged therein, with the eyes of said cotterpins located inwardly of said connectors, whereby the .eyes may be utilized for connection with the leads from said crystal member.

l ROY DALLY.

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