US2144900A - Method of producing reinforced seamless-matrix tubes - Google Patents
Method of producing reinforced seamless-matrix tubes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2144900A US2144900A US86638A US8663836A US2144900A US 2144900 A US2144900 A US 2144900A US 86638 A US86638 A US 86638A US 8663836 A US8663836 A US 8663836A US 2144900 A US2144900 A US 2144900A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- bath
- paper
- precipitating
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001208007 Procas Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/0003—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening, flattening or rim-rolling; Shaping by bending, folding or rim-rolling combined with joining; Apparatus therefor
- B31F1/0045—Bending or folding combined with joining
- B31F1/0048—Bending plates, sheets or webs at right angles to the axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
- B31F1/0061—Bending plates, sheets or webs at right angles to the axis of the article being formed and joining the edges for making articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
- B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
- B29C65/524—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive by applying the adhesive from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface of the part to be joined
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1036—Bending of one piece blank and joining edges to form article
- Y10T156/1038—Hollow cylinder article
Definitions
- the formed and pasted tube is drawn through a precipitating and regenerating bath which converts the cellulose derivative into cellulose, or cellulose hydrate; and the tube then is preferably drawn through a purifying water bath, and then through a water-bath containing a small percentage of a hydroscopic agent, such as glycerine.
- the tube is then dried preferably by passing it in inflated condition through a heated drying chamber.
- the cellulose derivative employed be cellulose ether the formed and pasted impregnated tube is drawn through a precipitating bath and the cellulose derivative ,is precipitated. Thereafter, the tube may be subjected to purifying and 5 drying operations. In this case, the cellulose ether forms the seamless matrix.
- the paper tube serves as a reinforcement.
- the paper strip may be coated on one or both 40 sides with a solution of the selected cellulose derivative. In any case, it should be used in suitable condition and volume to, thoroughly impregnate the paper and form-iilmsat the surfaces of the paper. 45 While the paper strip may have the cellulose derivative coating-applied thereto prior to forming the strip into a tube and pasting its overlapping margins together, the coating may be applied after the tube has been formed and 50, pasted.
- the coated tube continuously through a precipitating medium, or through a precipitating and regenerating medium, thence through a purifying progressivelyflnto tubular form and effect the pasting operation of the margins of the tube as the tube formation takes place.
- the dried, coated tube may be cut into desired lengths.
- Such tubes may serve as containers for sausages, meats, fruits, or other articles of food, or for any desired purpose.
- Tubes produced in this manner are tough'andstrong. 40 They may be made tran'slucent or semi-transparent; or they may be made opaque, if desired.
- the tubing may be subjected to a drying operationto remove the organic solvent. Solutions of cellulose ethers may be prepared by known processes.
- Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of apparatus suitable for the practice of the improved process, the drier being shown brokenly' and in section;
- Fig. 2 a broken plan sectional view taken as indicated at line 2 of Fig. 1. and illustrating the manner in which seam-paste is applied to one margin of the paper strip;
- Fig. 3 a sectional view of the improved tubing;
- Fig. 4 a broken vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale showing a mandrel and attendant parts employed in the apparatus;
- A designates a frame; B, a tubular mandrel; C, a strip of fabric, such as thin paper, which is taken from a roll and formed into a tube C; D, a precipitating tank into which the mandrel B depends; E, a roller journaled in-the lower portion of the tank D, about which the tube passes; F, a driven roll about which the tube passes as it emerges from the bath D; G, a tank which may, if desired, contain additional precipitating liquid; G, a purifying water bath; G, a final water bath containing a small percentage of glycerine; H, a lower series of rolls mounted in the lower portions of the last-mentioned tanks; I, an upper series of driven rolls mounted at considerable distance above the baths; J, a motor which, through the medium of suitable gearing J, drives the feed rolls mentioned and also drives pumps K and L which serve to deliver the viscose solution to a seam-pasting device K'wand an annular coating device L
- the mandrel B is suitably supported by a bracket l and depends into the precipitating tank D, which, in the case of the use of viscose, contains also a regenerating agent adapted to onvert the precipitated viscose into regenerated cellulose.
- the fabric strip C is drawn from the roll C and passes downwardly about the mandrel and is curved into approximately tubular form, as shown in Fig. 2.
- the mandrel carries an adjustable member 2 adapted to serve as a bearing for one marginal portion of the strip.
- the member 2 is equipped with a gauge 2 which is of suitable form to hold the other margin of the tubing away while paste is being applied to the first-mentioned margin.
- the device K is in the form of a hollow head 3 w th which communicates a pipe 3 through which cellulose ether paste is delivered.
- the head 3 has a flat end surface provided with a slot-like orifice (not shown) through which the paste exudes as the Fig. 4 and then downwardly through the precipitating bath D and about the roller E.
- the tube is flattened and temporarily closed, so that it will support an internal bath 4, as shown in Fig. 5.
- the bath in the tank is designated 5.
- the liquid head within the tube C is such as to counterbalance the external pressure caused by the bath 5.. In fact, it is preferred to have the levelof the internal bath slightly above that of the external bath.
- Precipitating and regenerating fluid is supplied to the tank D in any desired manner. Precipitating and regenerating fluid is supplied to the interior of the tubing (3 by means of an ingoing tube, 6 and an outgoing tube 1. The lower terminus of the tube 6 is slightly below the lower end of the mandrel, as appears in Fig. 5. Attached to the lower end of the mandrel is a blade 8 which tapers downwardly, but which widens downwardly also. blade is to cause lateral extension and flattening of the tube as the tube approaches the roller E shown in Fig. 1.
- the lower end of the tube I depends into a cup 9 which is supported 'on a bracket 9 carried by the mandrel.
- the upper end of the cup 8 determines the level of the internal bath 4.
- a vacuum is applied to the tube to continuously withdraw liquid from the internal bath as it overflows into the cup 9.
- the section i0 01' the mandrel which appears in Fig. 4 is provided with circular ribs l0 which serve to space the tubing C from the mandrel.
- the forming ring M is located slightly below the upper rib ill and the bore of the ring 7 is smallest at the central portion, the end po'rtions of the bore'fiaring. The eilfect is to apply a wiping pressure to the seam as it passes through the ring M, but without causing the tubing to bind against the mandrel.
- the process is as follows: the strip C is taken from a roll 0' and passed arolmd guide rods located a considerable distance, preterably from 5 to 15 feet above the upper end of the mandrel.
- the paper strip is moderately tensioned in its passage about the guides mentioned, and is suspended in such manner that the paper may be caused to assume tubular form without objectionable strain as the paper passes down- The purpose of the wardly about the mandrel.
- the manner in which the paper is led from the roll C and gradually brought into tubular form in practically free condition in descending to the mandrel contributes to the success of the process. As the tube moves downwardly continuously past the seam-pester. shown in Fig.
- a strip of paste is applied to one margin of the strap,the other margin is then brought into overlapping relation, and the pasting operation is completed while the tube passes through the forming ring M.
- the tube continues downwardly through the annular paste-applying device L, where a solution of viscose is applied.
- This material is sufficiently fluid to readily coat the external surface of the tubing.
- a measured supply of material is constantly pumped to the coating-applying device L' through pipe I i. The supply is sumcient to not only thoroughly coat the paper of the tube, but also cause the paper to become thoroughly impregnated. In the in? terval elapsing while the coated tube is passing from the coating device L to the bath in the tank D, the paper becomes well saturated with the viscose.
- the tubing then passes through the precipitating and regenerating bath I which contains suitable precipitating and regenerating agents,.such as sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid. During passage of the tube through this bath, the viscose is precipitated and then regenerated. If desired, the regenerating action may be completed in a subsequent bath.
- suitable precipitating and regenerating agents such as sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid.
- the viscose is precipitated and then regenerated. If desired, the regenerating action may be completed in a subsequent bath.
- the solution contacts and surrounds the individual fibres in the paper, it will-,be understood that because the precipitation and regeneration occur in situ, the eifect is to form a seamlessregenerated cellulose matrix in which the reinforcing fibre of the paper is uniformly imbedded.
- cellulose ether is used in lieu of viscose, cellulose ether as such forms the seamless matrix.'
- viscose is employed as a paste for the joint. in the paper tube as well as for forming the seamless matrix which forms a part of the composite tube.
- cellulose ether takes the place of viscose in these operations.
- Any suitable precipitating and regenerating compound may be employed in the bath in the tank D.
- a bath containing about 3V %-12% H2304 and about %-l5% sodium sulphate (or 10%-20% ammoniumsulphate) is very satisfactory.
- I f sulphuric acid shall be employed alone at the outset, sodium sulphate will form until a suitable balance is established.
- a coagulating and regenerating bath comprising about 16%-18% ammonium sulphate and about 2% -4% sulphuric acid in water.
- the paper tube .0: is shown as having an overlap seam designated 12
- the cellulose ether matrix is designated l2. It may be understood as being practically coincident with the paper fabric, by thickening the wall of the tube, thoroughly imbedding the fibres ofthe paper, sealing the seam of the tube, and at the same time providing inner and outer coatings for the paper. This will be true, even though the solution be applied (in the required amount) to one surface of the tube only, but, of course, the coating may be thickest on the surface to'which the coating is applied. I
- a bath of the character specified above. employing 2%-4% sulphuric acid works very well in dealing with paper havinga thickness of,-say, about .00
- the acidity and temperature of the bath may be varied within rather wide limits. It is possible to obtain substantially complete regeneration within the bath D by employing an. acidity from about 3 to about 11% sulphuric acid, depending upon the temperature of the bath, the thickness of the matrix, the rate of drawing. etc.
- other coagulants and other acids may be employed in pregnating .with a cellulose derivative a thin- 2.
- a process which comprises coating and forming a tube progressively' from a tissue of vegetable fibre, the coating-being a cellulose derivative; and passing the coated tube progressively, as formed, downwardly about a mandrel through a precipitating bath and afterwards drying the tube.
- a'process which comprises progressively and continuously forming a cylindrical tube from a tissue of long fibers and coating and thoroughly impregnating the tube with a cellulose derivative; and continuously drawing the openly distended tube as coated downwardly into a precipitating bath, and thence upwardly out of the bath in flattened condition and subsequently through a purifying bath.
- a process which comprises: drawing 'a thin paper tube thoroughly impregnated with a cellulose derivative downwardly through an external precipitating bath while maintaining an internal liquid headwithin the distended tube which is opposed to and greater than the head of pressure exerted upon the tube by the external bath.
- a process whichcomprises: supporting and forming from a thin paper strip a tube having a substantially upright axis, the tube being formed with mar-' gins adapted to overlap; progressively feeding the tube downwardly through a precipitating bath; applying a strip of paste to a margin during the feeding of the strip; progressively completing the pasting by applying pressure to the overlapping margins; and progressively coating and impregnating the tube with a cellulose derivative in the course of the passage of the tube to the precipitating bath.
- a process which comprises: passing a thin-walled vegetable fibre tube, thoroughly impregnated with a cellulose derivative, downwardly through an external precipitating bath which affords a given head while maintaining said tube distended by internal precipitating bath which exerts a head of pressure opposed to and different from that of the external bath.
- a process which comprises: continuously advancing 9. cylindrical fabric strip having overlappedmargins; applying a cellulose derivative so as to coat and penetratesaid advancing fabric strip; and continuously and progressively precipitating the cellulose derivative in a precipitating medium while maintaining the strip in openly distended tubular form.
Description
J. P. SMITH Jan; 24, 1939.
METHOD OF rnonucme REINFORCED SEAMLESS-MATRiX TUBES 2 Sheets-Sheet Original Filed June .8, 1935 I lllllldvl IIPL jade Jan. 24, 1939.
J. P. SMITH METHOD OF PROD CING REINFORCED sEAMLEss-MATRIx TUBES Original Filed June 8, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 I 4 \\M\\\\\\\ \\\\\\A g 7% lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lb Patented Jan. 24, 1939 TUNI'TIED STATES PATENT OFFICE- METHOD OF PRODUCING- REINFORCED SEAMLESS -MATB1X TUBES John Paul Smith, Chicago, 111., assignor to The Vishing Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporanon of Virginia Original application June 8,1935, SeriaiNo. 25,888. Divided and this application June 22,
1938, Serial No. 86,638
12 Claims. (Cl. 93- -94) gins are'pasted together, the paper is thoroughly impregnated with a cellulose derivative, either 15 before or after it is formed into a tube, and the formed and pasted tube is drawn through a precipitating bath, or a precipitating and regenerating bath, according to the nature of the cellulose derivative employed. If the cellulose de- 20 rivative employed be a viscose solution, the
formed and pasted tube is drawn through a precipitating and regenerating bath which converts the cellulose derivative into cellulose, or cellulose hydrate; and the tube then is preferably drawn through a purifying water bath, and then through a water-bath containing a small percentage of a hydroscopic agent, such as glycerine. The tube is then dried preferably by passing it in inflated condition through a heated drying chamber. 30 If the cellulose derivative employed be cellulose ether, the formed and pasted impregnated tube is drawn through a precipitating bath and the cellulose derivative ,is precipitated. Thereafter, the tube may be subjected to purifying and 5 drying operations. In this case, the cellulose ether forms the seamless matrix. In both illustrations given, the paper tube, thoroughly imbedded in the matrix, serves as a reinforcement. The paper strip may be coated on one or both 40 sides with a solution of the selected cellulose derivative. In any case, it should be used in suitable condition and volume to, thoroughly impregnate the paper and form-iilmsat the surfaces of the paper. 45 While the paper strip may have the cellulose derivative coating-applied thereto prior to forming the strip into a tube and pasting its overlapping margins together, the coating may be applied after the tube has been formed and 50, pasted. In either event, it is preferred to draw the coated tube continuously through a precipitating medium, or through a precipitating and regenerating medium, thence through a purifying progressivelyflnto tubular form and effect the pasting operation of the margins of the tube as the tube formation takes place.
I have found, for example, that it is possible to apply to a thin, bibulous strip of paper of 5 fragile character a viscose coating, and pass the coated strip, formed into a tube, with the margins pasted together, through a coagulating and regenerating bath, thence through a purifying bath, thence through a bath containing a small percentage of glycerine, and finally through a drier. A thin, fragile strip of paper, with such a coating applied, may be subjected to a continuous drawing operation of the character stated.
. My preferred practice, more specifically stated,
is to draw a strip of paper from a-roll, subject it to curvature about a longitudinal axis to form a tubewith overlapping longitudinal margins, apply a strip of viscose paste to the underlying margin, pass the tubular formation thr ugh a forming. ring which effects pasting the argins, thence through a viscose-coating ring which applies a coating to the outer surface of the tube,
. pass the coated tube (over a depending man- 'drel) downwardly into a coagulating and regenerating bath, thence about a roller in the lower portion of the bath, and thence upwardly and then through additional baths, one of which I may ,be a purifying bath and another a bathcontainlng a small percentage of glycerine. The paper tube, now bearing a regenerated cellulose coating, may be passed directly through a drier; or, it may be stored on rolis, or otherwise, and passed from the storage member through a drier. 3 5
. Finally, the dried, coated tube may be cut into desired lengths. Such tubes may serve as containers for sausages, meats, fruits, or other articles of food, or for any desired purpose. Tubes produced in this manner are tough'andstrong. 40 They may be made tran'slucent or semi-transparent; or they may be made opaque, if desired. Where, from the nature of the cellulose derivative,.precipitation by means of an acid or an alkali is not required, the tubing may be subjected to a drying operationto remove the organic solvent. Solutions of cellulose ethers may be prepared by known processes. Reference is made to 'my application Serial Number 43,409, filed October 3, 1935, for a more complete description of the so use of cellulose ethers in producing reinforced seamless matrix tubes, as a modification of the present invention. bath, and f nally through a drier; and, in this operation, to form successiveportions of the strip,
The accompanying drawings illustrate the process which is preferred.' In this process. a s5 -may be produced; and the tubing mayyafterwards, be cut into suitable lengths for use.
In the drawings, which are largely diagrammatic, Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of apparatus suitable for the practice of the improved process, the drier being shown brokenly' and in section; Fig. 2, a broken plan sectional view taken as indicated at line 2 of Fig. 1. and illustrating the manner in which seam-paste is applied to one margin of the paper strip; Fig. 3, a sectional view of the improved tubing; Fig. 4, a broken vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale showing a mandrel and attendant parts employed in the apparatus; and Fig. 5,-a similar view showing the lower portion of the same mandrel and illustrating its relation to the precipitating bath.
For convenience, the preferred method, in which a solution of viscose is employed, will now be described.
In the illustration given, A designates a frame; B, a tubular mandrel; C, a strip of fabric, such as thin paper, which is taken from a roll and formed into a tube C; D, a precipitating tank into which the mandrel B depends; E, a roller journaled in-the lower portion of the tank D, about which the tube passes; F, a driven roll about which the tube passes as it emerges from the bath D; G, a tank which may, if desired, contain additional precipitating liquid; G, a purifying water bath; G, a final water bath containing a small percentage of glycerine; H, a lower series of rolls mounted in the lower portions of the last-mentioned tanks; I, an upper series of driven rolls mounted at considerable distance above the baths; J, a motor which, through the medium of suitable gearing J, drives the feed rolls mentioned and also drives pumps K and L which serve to deliver the viscose solution to a seam-pasting device K'wand an annular coating device L, respectively; M, a forming-ring through which the tube passes from the pasting deviceK' to the coating device L, the margins of the strip being firmly pasted together before the coating device is reached; and N, a drying device through which the tubing is passed continuously after leaving the bath (3, it being noted that the section of the tubing passing through the drier is kept in inflated condition by means of an elongated isolated air body which is maintained in that portion of the tubing which is within the drier.
In my above-noted Patent No. 2,105,273, apparatus corresponding with that shown in the drawings of the present application is fully 11- plication.
The mandrel B is suitably supported by a bracket l and depends into the precipitating tank D, which, in the case of the use of viscose, contains also a regenerating agent adapted to onvert the precipitated viscose into regenerated cellulose. The fabric strip C is drawn from the roll C and passes downwardly about the mandrel and is curved into approximately tubular form, as shown in Fig. 2. The mandrel carries an adjustable member 2 adapted to serve as a bearing for one marginal portion of the strip. The member 2 is equipped with a gauge 2 which is of suitable form to hold the other margin of the tubing away while paste is being applied to the first-mentioned margin. The device K is in the form of a hollow head 3 w th which communicates a pipe 3 through which cellulose ether paste is delivered. The head 3 has a flat end surface provided with a slot-like orifice (not shown) through which the paste exudes as the Fig. 4 and then downwardly through the precipitating bath D and about the roller E. At this point, the tube is flattened and temporarily closed, so that it will support an internal bath 4, as shown in Fig. 5. The bath in the tank is designated 5. Preferably the liquid head within the tube C is such as to counterbalance the external pressure caused by the bath 5.. In fact, it is preferred to have the levelof the internal bath slightly above that of the external bath.
Precipitating and regenerating fluid is supplied to the tank D in any desired manner. Precipitating and regenerating fluid is supplied to the interior of the tubing (3 by means of an ingoing tube, 6 and an outgoing tube 1. The lower terminus of the tube 6 is slightly below the lower end of the mandrel, as appears in Fig. 5. Attached to the lower end of the mandrel is a blade 8 which tapers downwardly, but which widens downwardly also. blade is to cause lateral extension and flattening of the tube as the tube approaches the roller E shown in Fig. 1.
The lower end of the tube I depends into a cup 9 which is supported 'on a bracket 9 carried by the mandrel. The upper end of the cup 8 determines the level of the internal bath 4. A vacuum is applied to the tube to continuously withdraw liquid from the internal bath as it overflows into the cup 9.
Details of the construction of the mandrel and attendant part's are unimportant for the purpose of the present application.. It may be stated, however, that the section i0 01' the mandrel which appears in Fig. 4 is provided with circular ribs l0 which serve to space the tubing C from the mandrel. The forming ring M is located slightly below the upper rib ill and the bore of the ring 7 is smallest at the central portion, the end po'rtions of the bore'fiaring. The eilfect is to apply a wiping pressure to the seam as it passes through the ring M, but without causing the tubing to bind against the mandrel.
' Briefly stated, the process is as follows: the strip C is taken from a roll 0' and passed arolmd guide rods located a considerable distance, preterably from 5 to 15 feet above the upper end of the mandrel. The paper strip is moderately tensioned in its passage about the guides mentioned, and is suspended in such manner that the paper may be caused to assume tubular form without objectionable strain as the paper passes down- The purpose of the wardly about the mandrel. The manner in which the paper is led from the roll C and gradually brought into tubular form in practically free condition in descending to the mandrel contributes to the success of the process. As the tube moves downwardly continuously past the seam-pester. shown in Fig. 2, a strip of paste is applied to one margin of the strap,the other margin is then brought into overlapping relation, and the pasting operation is completed while the tube passes through the forming ring M. The tube continues downwardly through the annular paste-applying device L, where a solution of viscose is applied. This material is sufficiently fluid to readily coat the external surface of the tubing. A measured supply of material is constantly pumped to the coating-applying device L' through pipe I i. The supply is sumcient to not only thoroughly coat the paper of the tube, but also cause the paper to become thoroughly impregnated. In the in? terval elapsing while the coated tube is passing from the coating device L to the bath in the tank D, the paper becomes well saturated with the viscose. The tubing then passes through the precipitating and regenerating bath I which contains suitable precipitating and regenerating agents,.such as sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid. During passage of the tube through this bath, the viscose is precipitated and then regenerated. If desired, the regenerating action may be completed in a subsequent bath. Bearing in mind that the solution contacts and surrounds the individual fibres in the paper, it will-,be understood that because the precipitation and regeneration occur in situ, the eifect is to form a seamlessregenerated cellulose matrix in which the reinforcing fibre of the paper is uniformly imbedded. Of course, where cellulose ether is used in lieu of viscose, cellulose ether as such forms the seamless matrix.'
Preferably, in the viscose process, viscose is employed as a paste for the joint. in the paper tube as well as for forming the seamless matrix which forms a part of the composite tube. Where the ether process'is employed, cellulose ether takes the place of viscose in these operations.
Any suitable precipitating and regenerating compound may be employed in the bath in the tank D. A bath containing about 3V %-12% H2304 and about %-l5% sodium sulphate (or 10%-20% ammoniumsulphate) is very satisfactory. I f sulphuric acid shall be employed alone at the outset, sodium sulphate will form until a suitable balance is established. In manufacturing a reinforced seamless matrix tube from thin paper in accordance with the viscose process, it is preferred to use a coagulating and regenerating bath comprising about 16%-18% ammonium sulphate and about 2% -4% sulphuric acid in water. It has been found that such a bath, while giving fairly rapid regeneration in the tank D, avoids any violent evolution of gases, and thus tends to the production of a uniform regenerated cellulose matrix coating. .Ordinarily. I temperature of about 33 C. in the bath is desirable. If
the temperature be increased substantially, the
acidity may be lowered advantageously.
Ordinarily the application of a single coating suflices, since the cellulose derivative solution will pass readily through the fabric and'coat all ilbres,
so that, in any event, the interior surface as,
well as the exterior surface becomes coated. A
less desirable method is to apply the cellulose derivative coating to the fabric strip before the latter is formedinto a tube.
Referring to Fig. 3, the paper tube .0: is shown as having an overlap seam designated 12 The cellulose ether matrix is designated l2. It may be understood as being practically coincident with the paper fabric, by thickening the wall of the tube, thoroughly imbedding the fibres ofthe paper, sealing the seam of the tube, and at the same time providing inner and outer coatings for the paper. This will be true, even though the solution be applied (in the required amount) to one surface of the tube only, but, of course, the coating may be thickest on the surface to'which the coating is applied. I
A bath of the character specified above. employing 2%-4% sulphuric acid, works very well in dealing with paper havinga thickness of,-say, about .00 However, the acidity and temperature of the bath may be varied within rather wide limits. It is possible to obtain substantially complete regeneration within the bath D by employing an. acidity from about 3 to about 11% sulphuric acid, depending upon the temperature of the bath, the thickness of the matrix, the rate of drawing. etc. As known in the art, other coagulants and other acids may be employed in pregnating .with a cellulose derivative a thin- 2. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process which comprises coating and forming a tube progressively' from a tissue of vegetable fibre, the coating-being a cellulose derivative; and passing the coated tube progressively, as formed, downwardly about a mandrel through a precipitating bath and afterwards drying the tube.
- 3. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a'process which comprises progressively and continuously forming a cylindrical tube from a tissue of long fibers and coating and thoroughly impregnating the tube with a cellulose derivative; and continuously drawing the openly distended tube as coated downwardly into a precipitating bath, and thence upwardly out of the bath in flattened condition and subsequently through a purifying bath. 1
.4. In the manufacture of reinforced seamless matrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process which comprises: drawing 'a thin paper tube thoroughly impregnated with a cellulose derivative downwardly through an external precipitating bath while maintaining an internal liquid headwithin the distended tube which is opposed to and greater than the head of pressure exerted upon the tube by the external bath.
5. A procas as specified in claim 4, as prac-' ticed by passing the tube, in flattened condition, about a transverse guide in the lower portion of the external bath and leadingthe tube therefrom upwardly out of the external bath.
6. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process whichcomprises: supporting and forming from a thin paper strip a tube having a substantially upright axis, the tube being formed with mar-' gins adapted to overlap; progressively feeding the tube downwardly through a precipitating bath; applying a strip of paste to a margin during the feeding of the strip; progressively completing the pasting by applying pressure to the overlapping margins; and progressively coating and impregnating the tube with a cellulose derivative in the course of the passage of the tube to the precipitating bath.
7. In the manufacture of reinforced seamless matll'x tubes, a process which comprises drawing a thin fabric tube through a coagulating and regenerating bath while applying a viscose coating to the tube as it approaches the bath; and drawing the tube from the regenerating bath through a subsequent purifying bath.
8. A process as specified in claim '7, in which the viscose coating is applied at a' substantial distance away from the bath and during the passage of the tube through the atmosphere.
9. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process which comprises: passing a thin-walled vegetable fibre tube, thoroughly impregnated with a cellulose derivative, downwardly through an external precipitating bath which affords a given head while maintaining said tube distended by internal precipitating bath which exerts a head of pressure opposed to and different from that of the external bath.
. 10. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process feeding the tube distended openly as it is formed into a precipitating medium and eflecting precipitation of the impregnating material.
12. In the manufacture of reinforced seamlessmatrix tubes from a cellulose derivative, a process which comprises: continuously advancing 9. cylindrical fabric strip having overlappedmargins; applying a cellulose derivative so as to coat and penetratesaid advancing fabric strip; and continuously and progressively precipitating the cellulose derivative in a precipitating medium while maintaining the strip in openly distended tubular form.
' JOHN PAUL 3mm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US86638A US2144900A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1936-06-22 | Method of producing reinforced seamless-matrix tubes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25686A US2105273A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1935-06-08 | Apparatus for manufacturing cellulose coated and impregnated fibrous tubes |
US86638A US2144900A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1936-06-22 | Method of producing reinforced seamless-matrix tubes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2144900A true US2144900A (en) | 1939-01-24 |
Family
ID=26700041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US86638A Expired - Lifetime US2144900A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1936-06-22 | Method of producing reinforced seamless-matrix tubes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2144900A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2802745A (en) * | 1953-12-31 | 1957-08-13 | Bosel Richard | Method of producing artificial sausage casings and product produced thereby |
EP0006601A1 (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for the continuous production of fibre-reinforced hydrated cellulose tubes |
US4390490A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1983-06-28 | Teepak, Inc. | Fibrous casing extrusion |
US4397337A (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1983-08-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Tubular casing suitable for foodstuffs and process for its manufacture |
US5759478A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-06-02 | Viskase Corporation | Mandrel structure for use in manufacture of cellulose food casing |
US5766540A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-06-16 | Viskase Corporation | Cellulose food casing manufacturing method |
-
1936
- 1936-06-22 US US86638A patent/US2144900A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2802745A (en) * | 1953-12-31 | 1957-08-13 | Bosel Richard | Method of producing artificial sausage casings and product produced thereby |
EP0006601A1 (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for the continuous production of fibre-reinforced hydrated cellulose tubes |
US4317794A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1982-03-02 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the continuous manufacture of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate tubing and equipment for carrying out the processes |
US4390490A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1983-06-28 | Teepak, Inc. | Fibrous casing extrusion |
US4397337A (en) * | 1981-03-07 | 1983-08-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Tubular casing suitable for foodstuffs and process for its manufacture |
US5759478A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-06-02 | Viskase Corporation | Mandrel structure for use in manufacture of cellulose food casing |
US5766540A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-06-16 | Viskase Corporation | Cellulose food casing manufacturing method |
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