US2144431A - Typographical composing machine - Google Patents

Typographical composing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US2144431A
US2144431A US170007A US17000737A US2144431A US 2144431 A US2144431 A US 2144431A US 170007 A US170007 A US 170007A US 17000737 A US17000737 A US 17000737A US 2144431 A US2144431 A US 2144431A
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group
keys
characters
key
reeds
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US170007A
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Luther E Morrison
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Mergenthaler Linotype GmbH
Mergenthaler Linotype Co
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Mergenthaler Linotype GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41B—MACHINES OR ACCESSORIES FOR MAKING, SETTING, OR DISTRIBUTING TYPE; TYPE; PHOTOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOELECTRIC COMPOSING DEVICES
    • B41B11/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for mechanical composition using matrices for individual characters which are selected and assembled for type casting or moulding

Definitions

  • TYOGRAPHICALCOMPOSING MACHINE Filed Oef, 20, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 ami/,alo Group P Group a g i 'I A TT ORNE YJ Jan. 17, 1939. j.. E. MoRll'soN TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed OCT.. 20, '1937 v Vll Sheets-Sheet 6 LM-Wd.
  • This invention relates to typographical 'composing machines, such asLinotype machines of the general organization represented in U. S. VLetters Patent'to O. Mergenthaler, No. 436,532, and has for its principal object the adaptation of machines of this kind for printing in languages employing many symbols or characters in their printed expression
  • a typographical composing machine of the class stated comprises, amongl other parts, a keyboard and a matrix font representative of Athe type characters to appear in print.
  • the number of keys which the keyboard of a typographical composing machine can comprise must be held within certain limits in order that the machine may be operated with the necessary facility, speed and accuracy.
  • the keyboard 'of the regular commercial machineV known and widely used in this country comprises but ninety (90) different keys, and it has been found in practice that Vkeys to that number will answer the ordinary requirements for printing in the many languages in which the machines are now used.
  • a keyboard whose keys are marked with the characters'used in printing in the Englishlanguage, will customarily have ninetyl (90) keys as just stated, such as a key for each lowercase letter of the alphabet, a key for each uppercase letter of the alphabet, a key for each smallcap letter ⁇ of the'alphabet, and a key for eachy of the various other symbols used in printing, such as numerals, punctuation marks, etcetera ⁇
  • the HebrewV language involves the use of at least three hundred (300) essential characters or symbols for its printed expression with the fullest detail and complete accuracy. And. it may be stated here that ⁇ this invention has in particular contemplation Vthe provision of a composing machine for printing in the Hebrew language, the following description applying specical-lyto that language.
  • AThe Hebrew language is composed Yof twentyseven (p27)k consonantsltwenty-two pure or intermediate consonants and five final consonants) and twelve (12) vowels (nine general andthree special). Words may be written without the use of vowels, but in such case there is a loss of accuracy because a word written without vowels may besusceptible of several meanings.
  • the method in common use tor-day for the setting of Hebrew characters with properly positioned vowels is by hand composition.
  • the consonants are set rst and the vowels are then set above or below the consonants.
  • composition is diiicult because the system contemplates the use of many of the meaningless character elements in building up various complete characters. lIn addition, the work of composition is slow and tedious, because naturally each Vcomplete character com# posed in line requires the actuation of two or three keys to select for the groupassembly the particular elements required to make up that character. i Other diiculties and objections exist butV enough has been said to .indicate that there is room for improvement.
  • each iinger key is required to carry two index characters, one representing, say, a consonant without a vowel and the other a consonant with a vowel, or consonants with diierent vowels.
  • index characters one representing, say, a consonant without a vowel and the other a consonant with a vowel, or consonants with diierent vowels.
  • the keyboard comprises 126 different keys, each bearing in eect two different index characters, thus makingit possible to control the release of 252 different complete characters,v some of which, however, are not Hebrew characters, but are miscellaneous characters require-d for Hebrew composition.
  • Goldblatt divides the iinger key'sinto four diierent groups, and. the matrix font intov four corresponding groups, in order to facilitate the selection of the diierent characters.
  • the grouping of the finger keys is such that the index characters in the respective groups are alike in respect to the consonant parts of the complete characters, the groups being distinguished from each other in respect to the vowels associated with the consonant parts of the complete characters.
  • one of these in the first group represents a consonant only and the other a vowel only, which means, that wheneverV a ykey of this group is actuated, it 'will release a matrix bearing a consonant character without a vowel or the same consonant with the vowel yborne by the finger key, depen-ding upon the level at which the two-letter matrix controlled by the nger key is composed.
  • one represents a consonant with a vowel and the other a vowel only (a different vowel), so that whenever a finger key Vin any of the three other groups is actuated, it will release a matrix bearing the same consonant with one vowel or the other vowel, depending upon the level at which the two-letter matrix released by that key is composed.
  • VIn carryingV on composition under the Goldblatt system it is apparent that diculty will be encountered in selecting theV different characters, it being necessary first to find the group in which 'the desired character is located and then the Vfinger key in the group which will release that character, but before the nger key can be actuated, the operator is also compelled to determine the level at vwhich the matrix to be releasedis to be composed in line, involving, as is well understood in the art, the operation of the so-called duplexiassembler rail in the assembler elevator.
  • the present invention contemplates a matrix font in which the individual matrices will carry complete Hebrew characters with or without vowels (thus allowing the characters to be of strictly orthodox form) but provides a keyboard with the minimum number of iinger keys to control the selection of all of the complete characters.
  • the Goldblatt keyboard comprises 126 iingerV keys, each bearing two different index characters
  • the keyboard of this invention cornprises but 60 finger keys, each bearing only a single index character.
  • index characters representing consonants only
  • the remaining thirty-three bear miscellaneous characters, some special Hebrew characters and other numerals, punctuation marks, etcetera, used in Hebrew composition.
  • each lshift key is held depressed until the iinger key has been actuated (as inthe case of the ordinary typewriter), but when the shift key is released, the keyboard will be re-connected automatically to the group of magazine channels containing matrices bearing consonants without vowels.
  • the matrix font is divided into eight (8) different groups, the matrices of one group bearing the different consonants (27) without vowels, and those of each of the remaining seven groups bearingr the same consonants with a different vowel ('7 in all), and that all of the eight different groups are controlled by a keyboard comprising a single group of ringer keys, one for each of the different consonants, and seven different shift keys, one for each of the different vowels.
  • extra magazine channels thirty-four (34). These thirty-four extra magazine channels are added in diierent numbers to the twenty-seven channels of the eight diiferent matrix groups before referred to, and Athe matrices stored in the extra channels of each group are connected to their appropriate linger keys in the keyboard ⁇ under different conditions of adjustment as will be described later on. Since lthe extra nger keys number comprising the keyboard ⁇ fontis divided among require as many diiferent magazine channels,
  • Model 30 The splitting up of the magazinechannels for -the special characters in the manner just alluded to, has been Vresorted to in applying the invention to one of the regular commercial machines known as Linotype Model 30.
  • This machine is a double distributor mixing machine comprising two distributors, each serving a main magazine and an auxiliary magazine, and an assembling mechanism which permits the matrices from all the different magazines to be mixed in the same line for composition.
  • the Model 30 Linotype includes Vtwo other main magazines and ytwo otherv auxiliary magazines, provision being made whereby either the upper o-r the lower pair of main and auxiliary magazines maybe brought into operative position to cooperate with the two" distributors and the common assembling mechanism.
  • the machine is thus especially suited to the present invention, because while one complete four diierent magazines zines), the machine permits the composition in line of matrices from any one or all of the four magazines and will distribute the matrices automatically into any one or all of the four magazines.
  • the second pair of main and auxiliary ,magazines would, in practice, be supplied with a different matrix font stored in the same group arrangement. ,Y
  • shift key will transfer control to the channels of the upper auxiliary magazine, three other shift keys will transfer control to three different groups of channels of the lower main magazine, and
  • the channels'of the lower auxiliary magazine it being noted that the keyboard is normally connected to the intermediate group of channels of the upper main magazine which contains matrices bearing consonants without vowels. ferring controlof the keyboard from one group of magazine channels to another, some of Vthe shift keys are required to perform dual operations, as will be more fully described inthe detailed description to follow. Thus, in the present.
  • main reeds which serve both main magazines
  • auxiliary reeds which serve both auxiliary magazines.
  • the main series of reeds is divided into three (3) groups, oneV for each of the three groups of magazine channels of veither of the main magazines.
  • the keyboard is normally connected to the middle group of main reeds, but is provided with shifting devices bywhich the finger keys may be connected tds' In trans-:.11
  • either of the other two groups Two of the shift keys provide for this connection, so that when they are operated they are required to do no more.
  • the auxiliaryseries of reeds is operated from the middle group of the main ⁇ reeds and this isreffected by shifting the main reeds as a whole rearwardly to make the connection while permitting the keyboard to remain connected with the middle group of main reeds.
  • the particular shift key is required only to effect the rearward adjustment of the main reeds.
  • Fig. l is a side elevation of a portion of a Linotype machine equipped with the present improvements
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view, showing the bail connections between certain ones of the main series ⁇ of reeds and corresponding ones of the auxiliary series of reeds, whereby the release of extra characters in the matrix groups in the auxiliary magazines is effected;
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevation, showing part of the main and auxiliary magazine arrangement
  • Fig. 4 is a top plan view, partly in section, of the improved keyboard and associated' mechanism
  • Fig. 5' is a vertical section through the keyboard mechanism
  • Fig. 6 is a detail rear elevation, showing a locking device (which is effective under given conditions) ⁇ for the controlling slides of certain of the main reeds;
  • Fig. 'I is a front perspective View, showing the various shift keys, the parts they control and intermediate connections;
  • Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the assembler throat operating mechanism
  • Fig. 9 is a detail rear elevation projected from the lower portion of Fig. 8; f
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view, partly in section, and taken on the line lIl--l of Fig. 8;
  • Fig. ll is a vertical section, similar to a portion of Fig. 8, but showing the parts in a different position;
  • Ykeyboard shift frame by means of which control by the main group of keys is shifted from one group to another of the main reeds, and the form of interponent used with the vertical controlling slides of the several groups;
  • Fig. 16 is a rear elevation of the keyboard, showing a locking device for certain nger keys, and associated p-arts;
  • Fig. 17 isa detail sectional view taken on the line l'l-ll' of Fig. 16;
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view, similar to Fig. 12, but wherein the parts have a somewhat different form and as employed with the special keys for the main magazines; j
  • Fig. 19 is a side elevation of a portion of the keyboard, showing the operating connections for the locking devices illustrated in Figs. 6 and l0', respectively;
  • Fig. 20 is a horizontal section taken on the line zii- 2B of Fig. V19; v y
  • Fig. 2l is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing the manner of mounting the shift keys and indio-ated as taken cn the line 2l-2I of Fig, 4;
  • Fig. 22 is a detail, showing the key connection employed between two of the shift keys and the rock shaft they operate;
  • Fig. 23 is a perspective View of one of the single character matrices used.
  • Fig. 24 is a diagram, indicating the .connections established under different keyboard shifts from various finger keys to certain vertical slides which are operable by two keys bearing different characters.
  • the bail connections between certain of the reeds of the m-ain group and certain of the reeds of the auxiliary group are also indicated;
  • Fig. 25 is a det-ail plan View, showing the means for locking certain of the finger keys operating the auxiliary reeds when certain other finger keys operating the auxiliaryreeds are in use;
  • Fig. 26 is a diagrammatic view, indicating the grouping of the matrices in the several magazines; and Y Fig. 27 is in the natur-e of a chart, showing the characters available by operation of the improved keyboard.
  • the machine is equipped with four main m-agazines A and four auxiliary magazines B, all of which are of regular or -standard form, i. e., the m-ain magazines are provided each with ninety-one grooved channels, and the auxiliary magazines each with thirty-four grooved channels.
  • the main and auxiliary magazines are mounted as usual in shift frames (not shown), which are arranged to'be raised and lowered to bring either the upper two or the lower two magazines into operative position. While there are thus two distinct sets of magazines alternately usable, only two main and two auxiliary magazines are actually necessary, so far as the instant invention is concerned, and the present .description may therefore be assumed to refer to that one set alone.
  • the matrices X are released from the main magazines A (see Fig. 1) under the control of escapemen'ts C by a series of vertical reeds C1, a vcorresponding series of horizontally arranged and pivotally mounted levers C2 overlying the reeds, and a ⁇ series of shorter substantially vertical reed sectionsC3 slidably'mountedon the throat A3.
  • the Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 pure or intermediateconsonants used alone or in association with vowels, 5 daghe'sh used alone or inYV association with vowels and which, for the purpose of this inventionggareytreated' thevzsamemas, the pure cr-.intermediate consonants, 5 final consonants used only without vowels, 4and 9 general and 3 special vowels, only 7 of which are necessary for most practical purposes. Since the charactersI most commonly used are thus 216 in number, these have been arranged in eight groups (see Fig.
  • the matrices of group l are stored infthe channels of the left group the matricesof group l, in the channels'of the center ⁇ group the matrices of group 2, and in the channels of the right group the matrices of group 3.
  • the matrices of group l are stored in the channels of the upper auxiliary magazine B, which may be considered as another group of magazine channels.
  • In the lower main magazine there are stored in the channels of the left group-the matrices of group 5, in the channels of the vcentre group the matrices of group 6, and inthe channels of the right groupthe matrices Vof group l.
  • the matrices of group 3 are stored in the channels of the lower auxiliary magazine, which may be considered as still another-,group of magazine channels. Throughout the magazine channels of the eight different groups, the matrices are stored in like manner (although they need not be) according to character.
  • Vmatrices are of the usual form, although herein each is provided with only onerouting notch X1, and consequently one character, so thateach channel throughout the two main and two auxiliary magazines will be devoted to a different character of the matrix font.
  • each of the eight matrix .groups contains but twenty-seven characters that are repeated throughout the various groups, there will be three extra channels in each magaziner group allotted to matrix groups I, 2, 5 and 9, four extra channels in each magazine group allotted to matrix groups 3 and l, and seven extra channels in each magazine group allotted to matrix groups 4 and il. In the left groups of both main magazines, the three extra channels are at the right and are devoted to matrices bearing punc tuation marks.
  • the three extra channels are the 7th, 12th and 25th and are devoted to matrices bearing nal consonants or special characters, such are at the'right and are .devotedtomatrices,V some bearing punctuation marks, and other special characters, while one channel in each of these sections is devoted to the em space.
  • the seven extra channels are at 'the right and contain matrices, some bearing numerals, others punctuation marks, one the dollar sign, and one a nal consonant.
  • the keyboard F of the machine includes sixty matrix releasing finger keys F1, a spacer releasing key G, and seven shift keys G1, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7 and G11. These shift keys bear index characters corresponding to the vowels of matrix groups l, and 3 to 8, respectively, and twenty-seven of the finger keys F1 bear index characters corresponding to the regular characters of matrix group 2, i. e., consonants without vowels. These twenty-seven finger keys, together with keys Nos. 7, 12 and 25, which bear index characters corresponding to the three special characters of matrix group 2, make up the iirst thirty keys of the keyboard. The remaining thirty keys, with the exception of key No.
  • index characters corresponding to the remaining special characters e. g., keys Nos. 31 to 33 the special characters of matrix group I, keys Nos. 35Vv to 37 the special characters of matrix group 3, keys Nos. 38 to 44 the special characters of matrix group 4, keys Nos. 45 to 47 the special characters of matrix group 5, keys Nos. 48 to 50 the special characters of matrix group 6, keys Nos. 51 to 53 the special characters of matrix group l, and keys Nos. 54 to 60 the special characters of matrix group- 8.
  • the group of twenty-seven. keys bearing the regular characters is hereinafter referred to-as the consonant key group, and it is common to all the eight different matrix groups.
  • the consonant key group is connected for they release of the corresponding matrices of group 2, this being the group whose matrices bear consonants Vwithout vowels.
  • the operator desires to select a consonant with a vowel, he first presses the shift key bearing theV vowel, and then the key bearing the consonant.
  • the consonant key group is automatically connected for the release of the matrices from the corresponding vowel group, so that when'the consonant key is depressed, a matrix bearing such a vowel carrying consonant will be released from the appropriate magazine and assembled in line.
  • the matrices bearing the special characters are controlled in their release by separate keys, entirely divorced from the consonant key group, they can, under certain conditions, be rematrices of the selected group be operable, but
  • the reeds C1 for effecting the release of the matrices from the main magazine A are ninetyone in number, while the reeds C5 for effecting from matrix groups I and 5, those of group P to effect the release of matrices from matrix groups ⁇ 2 and 6, and those ⁇ of group Q to effect the release of Vmatrices from matrix groups 3 and i.
  • the reeds C5 associated with the auxiliary magazines have been designated group R and are operative to effect the release of matrices from matrix .groups 4 and 8.
  • the twenty-seven keys of the consonant key group are normally connected to operate the reeds which veli-lect the release of the corresponding matrices of matrix group 2, being allof the reeds of group P with the ,exception of Nos. 7, 12 and 25.
  • the consonant key group is disconnected from the reeds of group P and connected with the corresponding reeds of group O and group Q, respectively, as in the case of the shift keys G1 and G3, again excepting the reeds of these groups associated with the extra magazine channels contain-
  • the depression of the shift keys G5 or G7 will also result in shifting the pivoted assembler throat A3 from its upper magazine receiving position to its lower magazine receiving position, so that the matrices from group 5 or 1 can be assembled by the operation of the consonant key group.
  • the framework of the keyboard (see Figs. 4 and 5) comprises generally a main supporting base frame'I-I, a sheet metal keyboard casing H1, a pair of side bracket plates H2 arranged within the casing H1, and an auxiliary box-like member H3, which latter is located adjacent the rear wall of the casing H1 and is fastened to upright side posts H1 rising from the base frame H.
  • the finger keys F1 of the keyboard F are arranged in four rows or tiers (there being fteen in each row) and are pivoted between their ends on fixed horizontal cross rods F3 mounted in the bracket plates H2. At their rear ends (see Fig. 5), the finger keys F1 of each row engage beneath bent-over nose portions :i formed at the forward ends of a set of actuating levers J, through which the keys are operatively connected to a corresponding set of U-shaped rocking bails J1, there being four sets of bails for the four rows of linger keys, and as many bails in each set as there are keys in the respective rows. As best shown in Fig.
  • the different sets of bails J1 are arranged one above the other in the auxiliary frame member H3 and are mounted on separate pivot rods J2, with the cross members 7'1 of the individual bails J1 resting upon teeth or projections 73'f ⁇ ormed on the uper edges of the actuating levers J.
  • the teeth 7'2, as; will be observed in Fig. 5, are differently located, so that each bail of the four sets may be operated by a separate lever J when the corresponding finger key F1 is. depressed.
  • the levers J are mounted at their rear ends on the same pivot rods J2 and are themselves supported at the front in a vertical slotted guide plate H7, which forms the front wall of the auxiliary frame member H3.
  • the levers J3 for the different bail sets are mounted at their rear ends onthe pivot rods J2 and at the front presentV shoulders i3 which engage beneath corresponding lugs 1c projecting from the rear edges of the actuating rods K.
  • the levers J3 are formed with teeth or projections :i4 which, like the teeth i2 of the levers J, are differently located to engage the cross members i1 of the different bails J1.
  • the arrangement is such that, as a bail is rocked upwardly bya finger key, it will raise those overlying levers J3 whose teeth engage it, and they in turn will lift the corresponding actuating rods K.
  • the rods K are formed with ears or lugs k1 and are adapted to actuate the controlling slides E through the latter being arranged with their front ends beneath the slides E.
  • the controlling slides E are properly guided in their vertical movements by upper and lower comb plates or bar sections H9, which constitute part of the keyboard frame, and the rods K are similarly guided by upper and lower comb plates H10.
  • the lower comb plate for the actuating rods K (Fig. 5) serves also as a guiding member for the selecting bars L, being formed with a slotted vertical section L4 through which said bars extend.
  • the controlling slides E are actuated by the rods K through the medium of a series of fore-and-aft bars L.
  • these slides act as selecting elements, whereby the different groups can be connected for operation by the common consonant key group upon the operation of the various shift keys.
  • the selecting bars L associated with the slides E for controlling the twenty-seven reeds in each of the diierent groups O, P and Q, are formed in their lower edges with different tooth and notch coinbinations l, l1 adapted to cooperate in different ways with the underlying ears or lugs k1 on the rods K, depending upon the fore-and-aft position of adjustment of the bars L.
  • Figs. 13, 14 and 15 there are illustrated three slides E, which, under different conditions, can be actuated by a singley bail J1 under the control of a single key of the consonant group, together with thebars L through whichV the selection of the slides is effected. ⁇
  • Fig. 13 there is illustrated a bar L characteristic of those controlling the slides E which operate the reeds of group P,V reference being now had to only the twenty-seven reeds in this group for releasing the regular characters.
  • the bars L have three different positions of adjustment in a ioreeand-aft direction, the normal position being shown in this figme.
  • the tooth l directly overlies the lug k1 of the rod K. Consequently, when the bail J1 is raised through the operation of the corresponding nger key, the resultant movement of the rod K will be transmitted through the lug k1 to the Slide E, so that the corresponding reed of group P will be actuated.
  • the bar L is shifted either forward or backward, one or another of the notched portions thereof will overlie the lug 7c1 on the rod K, so that, under these conditions, the upward movement of the rod K will be an idle one.
  • Fig. 14 there is illustrated a bar L characteristic of those associated-with Vthe slides for operating thereeds in group O.
  • the slide here is shown in its forward position, with the lug k1 on the rod K engaging the lower edge of said bar. Consequently, when the bail J1 is raised by the operation of the corresponding finger key, the resultant upward movement of the rod K will be transmitted to the bar L to raise the slide E; whereas, when the bar L is returned to its normal position, or is moved to its rearward position, the notch in the lower edge thereof will overlie the lug k1, so that, under these latter two conditions, the upward movement of the. rod K will be an idle one.
  • the selecting bars L therefor take three different forms and-have each three diiTerent positions, that is to say, a normal or central position wherein the slides associatedwith the reeds of group P will be operative While those associated with groups O and Q are inoperativaca forward position wherein ⁇ the slides E associated with the reeds of group O will be operative while those associated with groups P and Q will be inoperative, and a rearward position wherein the slides associated with the reeds of group Q will be operative and those associated with groups O and P inoperative.
  • the slides E which are active in releasing ⁇ the special characters in both the upper and lower main'magazines, are actuatedeach by twol different rods K (see ⁇ Fig. 18), one of which is operated by a special'key when the pivoted assembler throat A3 is operatively connected with' l the upper magazine, and the other by a different reeds of group Q, which, under certain conditions, are controlled by keys of the consonantrkey group and, under other conditions,by special keys for releasing from the auxiliary-magazines the matrices bearing'the special characters, are also, actuated (see Fig. 12) each by two different rods u K through the medium ofa common bar L.
  • the tooth and notch combination ofthis bar includes two teeth Z3, Z3, the ⁇ forward teeth Z3 cooperating with the protuberance k1 of the bar K controlled by a special character key, and the second tooth Z3 cooperating with the protuberance 7c1 on the barK controlled by a key of the consonant key group.
  • the tooth l2 When the bar L is in its, normal position ⁇ of adjustment, the tooth l2 immediatelyunderlies the lprotuberance k1 of its associated rod ',K, while the tooth Z3 is just forward of theA protuberance 7c1 of its associated rod K.; According to this arrangement, when the bar L is in its normal position of adjustment, the slide E can beactuated by the upward movement'of the rod K controlled from the corresponding ⁇ special lcharacter key, whereas the lupward, movement of the rodj controlled from the corresponding-key of the'con- 'sonant key group" will be idle. In the forward. position of adjustment of the bar L, the upward movement of both rods K will be idle. Inl the rearward position of adjustment of thebar L,
  • a shift frame S (see Figs. 5 and 7), which includes a pair of side arms S1 suspended from an overhead pivot rod S3 and, a lower transverse connecting rodL1 to which the selecting bars L are pivoted at their rear ends.
  • the vselectingbars L are sustained in operative relation to the lugs k1 of the rods K, and also in engaging relation with the lower ends of the controlling slides E, by a horizontal plate H3 which is arranged beneath the bars and secured to the side walls of the auxiliaryframe member H3.
  • the devices for shifting the frame S include a fore-and-aft slide ⁇ bar S3 L ⁇ are moved to their differarranged beneaththe base frame H and connected thereto for endwise movement by a screw and slot s at the front and by a sustaining guideY bracket h3 at the rear.
  • Thebar S3 (as best shown in Figs. 5 and 7) is connected at its rearV end to the shift frame S by means of a coupling S1 and is held resiliently in its intermediate position against movement in either direction by a pair of spring-actuated levers S5, S3, which are disposed transversely of and beneath the bar S3 in engaging relation to a plate Srl secured to thelower face of said bar (see also Fig. 4).
  • the levers S3, S6 are pivoted, respectively, at s1, s3 to the base frame H and are held apart in parallel spaced relation in opposition to a connecting spring S3 by a xed stop plateS3, against which their free ends engage,
  • the rearward movement of the bar S3 is. effected by a horizontally disposed lever S10 throughY a vertical slide plate S11, and the forward movement of the bar is effected by a similar lever S13 through a corresponding vertical slide plate S13.
  • the manner in which the slide plates S11 andS13 are actuated to move the shift frame will be later described.
  • the levers S10 and S13 (see Figa) are intermediately pivoted to the base frame H on ⁇ vertical axes s3, s1 and are arranged end to end ⁇ with their nose portions seated in a recess s5 of y a block S14 secured to the top of the bar S3.
  • the slide plates S11, S13 are mounted in fixed bracketV membersVvv H11 of the framework and are held resiliently. ⁇ against upwart movement by pull springs S15 connected to the upper ends of the plates and an chored to pins s0 projecting laterally from the members H11.
  • the pins s0 engage in corresponding slots s" formed in the slide plates S11, S13, and
  • roller s3 thereon will rock the lever S10 in a clock, wise direction, so as to move the bar S3 forwardly against the tension of the pull spring S3 and thus swing-the shift frame S in the same direction to its forward adjusted position, which, it will be recalled, is the adjustment wherein the consonant keyJgroup is connected for operating the ⁇ reeds of group O.
  • the bar S3 and the shift frame S will be restored to their original positions by the spring S8 acting through the lever S6.

Description

Jan. 17, 1939. l.. E. MORRISON I l- TYPOGRAFHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed o ct. 2o, 1957 11sheets-sheet-1 I ll li I ullll uuml Jan. 17, 1939.
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' L. E. MORRISON l TYPOGRAPHIGAL CoMPosING MACHINE Filed 001'.. 20, 1957 1l Sheets-Sheet 4 v Jan. 17, 1939:l v L E. MORRISON 2,144,431
TYOGRAPHICALCOMPOSING MACHINE Filed Oef, 20, 1937 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 ami/,alo Group P Group a g i 'I A TT ORNE YJ Jan. 17, 1939. j.. E. MoRll'soN TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed OCT.. 20, '1937 v Vll Sheets-Sheet 6 LM-Wd.
TTORNEY `Fan. 17, 1939. 4 E MORRISON 2,144,431
TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed Oct. 20, 1937 1l Sheets-Sheet '7v Pg. pag.14, F1915.
Jan. 17, 1939. l.. E. MORRISON TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed Oct, 2o, 1937 v ll Sheets-Sheet 8 L. E.. MORRISON TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Jan. 17, l939.
Filed oct. 2o, 193'? 11 sheets-sheet 9A klm www NN@ u. S
i /N VET/WOR A TTORNE Y0'` Jan. 17, 1939.
L. E. MORRISON TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING MACHINE Filed oct. 2o, 1937 11 sheets-sheet 1o [N VEI'VTOR sa A TTORNE nf .f m52 @W @e mman -Q, las@ me Patented Jan. 17, 1939 Luther E. Morrison, New York, N. Y., assigner to Mergenthaler Linotype Company, a corporation `of New York Application october '20, 1937, serai No. 170,007
40 Claims.
This invention relates to typographical 'composing machines, such asLinotype machines of the general organization represented in U. S. VLetters Patent'to O. Mergenthaler, No. 436,532, and has for its principal object the adaptation of machines of this kind for printing in languages employing many symbols or characters in their printed expression A typographical composing machine of the class stated comprises, amongl other parts, a keyboard and a matrix font representative of Athe type characters to appear in print. By the depression oi' the keys of the keyboard, the matrices, through the action of intennediateparts, are released in the proper order from their storage magazine and assembled in line for the casting therefrom of Vtype bars or printing slugs, It is with these parts of a composing machine that the.' present invention is particularly concerned,
The number of keys which the keyboard of a typographical composing machine can comprise must be held within certain limits in order that the machine may be operated with the necessary facility, speed and accuracy. The keyboard 'of the regular commercial machineV known and widely used in this country, comprises but ninety (90) different keys, and it has been found in practice that Vkeys to that number will answer the ordinary requirements for printing in the many languages in which the machines are now used. For example, a keyboard, whose keys are marked with the characters'used in printing in the Englishlanguage, will customarily have ninetyl (90) keys as just stated, such as a key for each lowercase letter of the alphabet, a key for each uppercase letter of the alphabet, a key for each smallcap letter` of the'alphabet, and a key for eachy of the various other symbols used in printing, such as numerals, punctuation marks, etcetera` In short, there will be a separate key for each separate character othe matrix font employed in the vmagazine, each key being connected directly to the corresponding magazine channel.' 1
There are some languages which employ very many more symbols and characters than ninety (90). The HebrewV language, for instance, involves the use of at least three hundred (300) essential characters or symbols for its printed expression with the fullest detail and complete accuracy. And. it may be stated here that` this invention has in particular contemplation Vthe provision of a composing machine for printing in the Hebrew language, the following description applying specical-lyto that language.
AThe Hebrew language is composed Yof twentyseven (p27)k consonantsltwenty-two pure or intermediate consonants and five final consonants) and twelve (12) vowels (nine general andthree special). Words may be written without the use of vowels, but in such case there is a loss of accuracy because a word written without vowels may besusceptible of several meanings. For example, the three Hebrew consonants corresponding to the English letters d, b, and form, when combined, a Hebrew word which can properly be translated in nine different ways, as dobor,
clobar, dever, diber, dibeyr, dabeyer, dauver, dovur and dvar. YOnly by the use of vowels, or the reading of the text, can a diierentiation in meaning be made.
The setting of Hebrew vowelsis difficult because of the fact that they do not follow the yconsonant as inthe case of Latin alphabets.
The method in common use tor-day for the setting of Hebrew characters with properly positioned vowels is by hand composition. In this method, the consonants are set rst and the vowels are then set above or below the consonants.
This method is slow, laborious, difficult to handle,l
and costly and, moreover, because of the very minute size ofthe vowel symbols, involves a severe and damaging strain on the eyes. y Y In an eifort to adapt the commercial composing machines to Hebrew lcomposition, it `has been proposed to` cast a slug with a line o-f consonants and then cast another and separate'slug with a line of vowels, the twoslugs then to be placed side by side to make up a composite type line with the vowels A,below the consonants, no attempt being made to place the vowels above the consonants. This method was found to be altogether unsatisfactory, as the vowel units could not be placed in their required positions with relation to the consonants with the necessary eX- actness, not to mentionother serious mechanical and objectionable difficulties. g
In another attempt to adapt the commercial composing machines to Hebrew composition, itv
keys.
has been proposed to employ a matrix font consisting of a group of meaningless letter elements which, when composed in line in group-assembly of two or three, form the character of a complete Hebrew consonant without `a vowel, with any required vowel, or with vowels above, in the center, or below the consonant letter, or in any combination of these positions (see, for example, the Bloom and Friedman Patent No. 2,006,435) By this method, according to the Bloom and Friedman patent, it is possible by `the use of sixty-three (63) special letter and vowel elements to make up as many complete Hebrew characters as may be required for printing. While this method permits the composition of a large number of characters by the use of a limited numbervof nger keys in the keyboard, the difficulty is that the index characters carried by the finger keys must necessarily represent only those portions of complete characters which are borne by the matrices released bythe corresponding Thus, dealing with a Hebrew lcharacter which requires the composition in line of three different letter elements, the index Vcharacters borne by the three corresponding keys represent each only a third of the complete character, and in most cases these index characters are meaningless and almost unrecognizable. As a result, 'composition can Vonly be carried on by an operator who has made a careful and painstaking study of the different arbitrary characters `and knows how they are used in building'up complete characters. `Even then composition is diiicult because the system contemplates the use of many of the meaningless character elements in building up various complete characters. lIn addition, the work of composition is slow and tedious, because naturally each Vcomplete character com# posed in line requires the actuation of two or three keys to select for the groupassembly the particular elements required to make up that character. i Other diiculties and objections exist butV enough has been said to .indicate that there is room for improvement.
In still Vanother eiort to adapt the commercial composing machine to Hebrew composition, it has been proposed to employ a matrix font in which the individual matrices of the font will carry complete Hebrew characters; whether they represent consonants with or consonants without vowels. This means, of course, that the number of different charactersin the matrix font will greatly exceed the number of ringer keys in the keyboard, but to reduce the total number of keys require-d, this same method provides for placing l two different complete characters on each matrix of the font, with the result that the number of nger keys in the keyboard will be just one-half of the total number of characters comprised in the matrix font. Even so, the number of nger keys exceeds the usual number ofV ninety, and each iinger key is required to carry two index characters, one representing, say, a consonant without a vowel and the other a consonant with a vowel, or consonants with diierent vowels. Such a method of composition is fully disclosed in the Goldblatt Patent No. 1,807,523. In this patent, as will be found, the keyboard comprises 126 different keys, each bearing in eect two different index characters, thus makingit possible to control the release of 252 different complete characters,v some of which, however, are not Hebrew characters, but are miscellaneous characters require-d for Hebrew composition. Because of the great number of keys and of the great number of index characters which they bear, Goldblatt divides the iinger key'sinto four diierent groups, and. the matrix font intov four corresponding groups, in order to facilitate the selection of the diierent characters. The grouping of the finger keys is such that the index characters in the respective groups are alike in respect to the consonant parts of the complete characters, the groups being distinguished from each other in respect to the vowels associated with the consonant parts of the complete characters. As to the two index characters carried by each key, one of these in the first group represents a consonant only and the other a vowel only, which means, that wheneverV a ykey of this group is actuated, it 'will release a matrix bearing a consonant character without a vowel or the same consonant with the vowel yborne by the finger key, depen-ding upon the level at which the two-letter matrix controlled by the nger key is composed. As to the index characters in the other groups, one represents a consonant with a vowel and the other a vowel only (a different vowel), so that whenever a finger key Vin any of the three other groups is actuated, it will release a matrix bearing the same consonant with one vowel or the other vowel, depending upon the level at which the two-letter matrix released by that key is composed.
VIn carryingV on composition under the Goldblatt system, it is apparent that diculty will be encountered in selecting theV different characters, it being necessary first to find the group in which 'the desired character is located and then the Vfinger key in the group which will release that character, but before the nger key can be actuated, the operator is also compelled to determine the level at vwhich the matrix to be releasedis to be composed in line, involving, as is well understood in the art, the operation of the so-called duplexiassembler rail in the assembler elevator.
The present invention, like that disclosed in the Goldblatt patent, contemplates a matrix font in which the individual matrices will carry complete Hebrew characters with or without vowels (thus allowing the characters to be of strictly orthodox form) but provides a keyboard with the minimum number of iinger keys to control the selection of all of the complete characters.
Whereas the Goldblatt keyboard comprises 126 iingerV keys, each bearing two different index characters, the keyboard of this invention cornprises but 60 finger keys, each bearing only a single index character. Of thesixty iinger keys, twenty-seven (the principal ones with which this invention is concerned) bear index characters representing consonants only, and the remaining thirty-three bear miscellaneous characters, some special Hebrew characters and other numerals, punctuation marks, etcetera, used in Hebrew composition. YSo far as the twenty-seven principal keys are concerned, they are normally connected to a group of magazine channels containing matrices bearing corresponding consonant characters without vowels, but provision is made for con-'V65 necting the keys to other groups of magazine channels containing matrices bearing the same| consonant characters with vowels.
In the present instance, there are seven other such groups, these groups being differentiated from each other by the vowels carried by the consonant characters. Such connection of the finger keys to the seven different vowel-groups of matrices is controlled by the employment of as many different shift keys, each bearing as an index character v index character representing the consonant.
-acters one yof theV seven vowels. In this way, by ernploying twenty-seven different matrix releasing finger keys and seven different shift keys, it is possible to provide for the selection and release of two hundred sixteen (216) different Hebrew characters. Thus, whenever it is desired to compose in line a matrix bearing a consonant without a vowel, the operator need only actuate the matrix releasing :linger key bearing the corresponding index character. On the other hand, whenever it is desired to select a matrix bearing a consonant kwith any one of the seven vowels, -it is only necessary first to actuate the shift key bearing the index characterv for the corresponding vowel and then to actuate the iinger key bearing the As above explained, the actuation' of the shift key connects the keyboard to the corresponding vowelgroup of magazine channels, and the actuation of the finger key of course controls the release of the corresponding matrix of that group. Here it may be explained that each lshift key is held depressed until the iinger key has been actuated (as inthe case of the ordinary typewriter), but when the shift key is released, the keyboard will be re-connected automatically to the group of magazine channels containing matrices bearing consonants without vowels. It will thus be seen that, according to the invention, the matrix font is divided into eight (8) different groups, the matrices of one group bearing the different consonants (27) without vowels, and those of each of the remaining seven groups bearingr the same consonants with a different vowel ('7 in all), and that all of the eight different groups are controlled by a keyboard comprising a single group of ringer keys, one for each of the different consonants, and seven different shift keys, one for each of the different vowels. The two hundred sixteen (216) characters rendered available by this arrangement will, with the aid of a few extra characters herein provided for, and with the aid of a few sorts matrices not so frequently needed, be enough to takel care of all practical requirements; While, as stated at the outset, the Hebrew language employs twelve (12) Adifferent vowels, the seven herein dealt withA are mainly responsible for the great number of characters required for Hebrew composition. However, the live excepted vowels have noty been entirely neglected because the more frequently used consonants which carry them will either be taken care of as special characters or as sorts char- Actually, the consonants carrying one of the vowels, those known as daghesh characters, are treated herein as consonants without vowels as before referred to.
Dealing with the special characters, that is to say, those not included within the two hundred sixteenv (23.6) controlled by the twenty-seven finger keys and the'seven shift keys, they are taken care of by adding to the keyboard thirty-three (33) additional iinger keys which 'are adapted to serve` as many diierentrmagazine channels. In reality, one of the keys (the em key) serves two different channels, making the total number of,
extra magazine channels thirty-four (34). These thirty-four extra magazine channels are added in diierent numbers to the twenty-seven channels of the eight diiferent matrix groups before referred to, and Athe matrices stored in the extra channels of each group are connected to their appropriate linger keys in the keyboard `under different conditions of adjustment as will be described later on. Since lthe extra nger keys number comprising the keyboard `fontis divided among require as many diiferent magazine channels,
there is no saving in the number of keys sofar as the ,special characters are concerned, but' their "addition to the keyboard gives rise to no handicap because, even including the extra keys, the total is onlysixty (60). Indeed, many of the extra keys included in the keyboard could be omitted if that were desirable; or the number could be reduced by placing two different characters on thev same matrix and by placing two corresponding index characters on each key, a practice which is quite customary with numerals, punctuation marks, etcetera.
`The splitting up of the magazinechannels for -the special characters in the manner just alluded to, has been Vresorted to in applying the invention to one of the regular commercial machines known as Linotype Model 30. This machine is a double distributor mixing machine comprising two distributors, each serving a main magazine and an auxiliary magazine, and an assembling mechanism which permits the matrices from all the different magazines to be mixed in the same line for composition. Actually, the Model 30 Linotype includes Vtwo other main magazines and ytwo otherv auxiliary magazines, provision being made whereby either the upper o-r the lower pair of main and auxiliary magazines maybe brought into operative position to cooperate with the two" distributors and the common assembling mechanism. The machine is thus especially suited to the present invention, because while one complete four diierent magazines zines), the machine permits the composition in line of matrices from any one or all of the four magazines and will distribute the matrices automatically into any one or all of the four magazines. The second pair of main and auxiliary ,magazines would, in practice, be supplied with a different matrix font stored in the same group arrangement. ,Y
In applying the invention to a machinefof the Model 3G class, the connectionV of the keyboard;-Y
lto one or another ofthe eight different groups of magazine channels is provided for in such manner that two of the shift keys will transfer control of the keyboardl to two different groups of channels of the upper main magazine, a third,
shift key will transfer control to the channels of the upper auxiliary magazine, three other shift keys will transfer control to three different groups of channels of the lower main magazine, and
the seventh shift key will transfer control to;
the channels'of the lower auxiliary magazine, it being noted that the keyboard is normally connected to the intermediate group of channels of the upper main magazine which contains matrices bearing consonants without vowels. ferring controlof the keyboard from one group of magazine channels to another, some of Vthe shift keys are required to perform dual operations, as will be more fully described inthe detailed description to follow. Thus, in the present.
machine, there isa single series of main reeds which serve both main magazines, and there is likewise a single series of auxiliary reeds which serve both auxiliary magazines. The main series of reeds is divided into three (3) groups, oneV for each of the three groups of magazine channels of veither of the main magazines. The keyboard is normally connected to the middle group of main reeds, but is provided with shifting devices bywhich the finger keys may be connected tds' In trans-:.11
either of the other two groups. Two of the shift keys provide for this connection, so that when they are operated they are required to do no more. On the other hand, when'the main series of reeds is adjusted into operative relation to .the lower main magazine, three (3) other groups f nect the keyboard to the middle group of channels of the lower main magazine. In selecting either of the other two groups of magazine channels of the lower main magazine, however, it is not only necessary to adjust the reeds into operative relation to the lower magazine, but also to change the connection of the nger keys to the reeds of one or the other of the outside groups. In this instance, therefore, two of the shift keys are required to perform two distinct mechanical operations, one a reed adjustment, and the other a keyboard shift. The auxiliaryseries of reeds is operated from the middle group of the main` reeds and this isreffected by shifting the main reeds as a whole rearwardly to make the connection while permitting the keyboard to remain connected with the middle group of main reeds. Here the particular shift key is required only to effect the rearward adjustment of the main reeds. When, however, the auxiliary reeds are adjusted into operative relation to the lower auxiliary magazine, there are two` mechanical operations required, one to make such adjustment, and the other .to establish the connection between the reeds and the middle group of main reeds. In all cases, whenever a shift key has been released, the control of the keyboard is shifted back to the middle group of main reeds, as well as to theV middle group of channels of the upper main magazine, soV that matrices bearing'consonants without vowels may be released without the use of a shift key.
Referring to the drawings:
Fig. l is a side elevation of a portion of a Linotype machine equipped with the present improvements;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view, showing the bail connections between certain ones of the main series `of reeds and corresponding ones of the auxiliary series of reeds, whereby the release of extra characters in the matrix groups in the auxiliary magazines is effected;
Fig. 3 is a front elevation, showing part of the main and auxiliary magazine arrangement;
Fig. 4 is a top plan view, partly in section, of the improved keyboard and associated' mechanism;
Fig. 5' is a vertical section through the keyboard mechanism;
Fig. 6 is a detail rear elevation, showing a locking device (which is effective under given conditions) `for the controlling slides of certain of the main reeds;
Fig. 'I is a front perspective View, showing the various shift keys, the parts they control and intermediate connections;
Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the assembler throat operating mechanism;
Fig. 9 is a detail rear elevation projected from the lower portion of Fig. 8; f
Fig. 10 is a plan view, partly in section, and taken on the line lIl--l of Fig. 8;
Fig. ll is a vertical section, similar to a portion of Fig. 8, but showing the parts in a different position;
Ykeyboard shift frame, by means of which control by the main group of keys is shifted from one group to another of the main reeds, and the form of interponent used with the vertical controlling slides of the several groups;
Fig. 16 is a rear elevation of the keyboard, showing a locking device for certain nger keys, and associated p-arts;
Fig. 17 isa detail sectional view taken on the line l'l-ll' of Fig. 16;
Fig. 18 is a perspective view, similar to Fig. 12, but wherein the parts have a somewhat different form and as employed with the special keys for the main magazines; j
Fig. 19 is a side elevation of a portion of the keyboard, showing the operating connections for the locking devices illustrated in Figs. 6 and l0', respectively;
Fig. 20 is a horizontal section taken on the line zii- 2B of Fig. V19; v y
Fig. 2l is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing the manner of mounting the shift keys and indio-ated as taken cn the line 2l-2I of Fig, 4;
Fig. 22 is a detail, showing the key connection employed between two of the shift keys and the rock shaft they operate;
Fig. 23 is a perspective View of one of the single character matrices used;
Fig. 24 is a diagram, indicating the .connections established under different keyboard shifts from various finger keys to certain vertical slides which are operable by two keys bearing different characters. The bail connections between certain of the reeds of the m-ain group and certain of the reeds of the auxiliary group are also indicated;
Fig. 25 is a det-ail plan View, showing the means for locking certain of the finger keys operating the auxiliary reeds when certain other finger keys operating the auxiliaryreeds are in use;
Fig. 26 is a diagrammatic view, indicating the grouping of the matrices in the several magazines; and Y Fig. 27 is in the natur-e of a chart, showing the characters available by operation of the improved keyboard.
In the embodiment illustrated, the machine is equipped with four main m-agazines A and four auxiliary magazines B, all of which are of regular or -standard form, i. e., the m-ain magazines are provided each with ninety-one grooved channels, and the auxiliary magazines each with thirty-four grooved channels. The main and auxiliary magazines are mounted as usual in shift frames (not shown), which are arranged to'be raised and lowered to bring either the upper two or the lower two magazines into operative position. While there are thus two distinct sets of magazines alternately usable, only two main and two auxiliary magazines are actually necessary, so far as the instant invention is concerned, and the present .description may therefore be assumed to refer to that one set alone.
(see Figs. l and 2) adjustable to twodifferent positions,so as to make and break an operative connection with either the upperorjlowermagazines. When the pivotally mounted'throatsV A3,
B3 are in position to cooperate with the upper main and auxiliary magazinesVthegmatrices X will, in response to the actuation of the keyboard, be released from their respective magazines and be deposited upon a traveling belt a for delivery tothe usual assembler elevator (not shown) and, in like manner, when the throats are inposition tocooperate with the lower main fandl Aauxiliary magazines,` the matrices, wherrrreleased from such magazines will likewisev beV deposited upon the belt ci for delivery to the assembler elevator.
The matrices X are released from the main magazines A (see Fig. 1) under the control of escapemen'ts C by a series of vertical reeds C1, a vcorresponding series of horizontally arranged and pivotally mounted levers C2 overlying the reeds, and a` series of shorter substantially vertical reed sectionsC3 slidably'mountedon the throat A3. When the throat A3 is operatively associated with the upper magazine, the escapevments of the latter are actuated by the short reed sections C3 through the medium of two series of short -interponents c, c1 connected together by intermediate swivel plates c2; whereas, when the throat is operatively associatedfwith the e the foregoing parts are old and are described in detail in the copending application of Frolander and Burt, Serial No. 139,436, led April 28, 1937. Suffice it tosay here that, when a yoke D is tripped by aslide E, the kfree end thereof will be caused to rise and, through a short reed section C4, lift the associated reed C1, which 'in turn will actuate the escapement of the corresponding channel of the magazine with whichthe pivoted assembler throat A3 is associated at the time.
Insofar as the auxiliary magazines, B are concerned, the manner in whichthe matrices are released therefrom is the same asv above described, except that the series of vertical reed C5 associated with said magazines are actuated through a series of bails C6 (see Figs. l and 2) from certain ofthe reeds C1 associated with the main magazines.
f As stated at the outset, the Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 pure or intermediateconsonants used alone or in association with vowels, 5 daghe'sh used alone or inYV association with vowels and which, for the purpose of this inventionggareytreated' thevzsamemas, the pure cr-.intermediate consonants, 5 final consonants used only without vowels, 4and 9 general and 3 special vowels, only 7 of which are necessary for most practical purposes. Since the charactersI most commonly used are thus 216 in number, these have been arranged in eight groups (see Fig. 27) of 27 characters each (22 intermediate consof nants and 5 daghesh), one group (group 2) including the consonants and daghesh without vowels, and the other groups including the consonants and daghesh with vowels, which vowels are the same in the individual groups, but diifer as between the groups. Thus, by referring to Fig.'27, it will be noted that all of the 30 characters in group 2, with the exception of Nos. 7. l2 and 25 (later referred to) or 27 different characters in all, are repeated throughout the other groups; andV when reference is hereinafter made to the various character groups, numbered I to 3, it Vwill be understood that only those 27 characters, thus repeated in the diiferent groups, are included in the reference. The other characters will bedealt with separately.
are stored infthe channels of the left group the matricesof group l, in the channels'of the center `group the matrices of group 2, and in the channels of the right group the matrices of group 3. The matrices of group l are stored in the channels of the upper auxiliary magazine B, which may be considered as another group of magazine channels. In the lower main magazine, there are stored in the channels of the left group-the matrices of group 5, in the channels of the vcentre group the matrices of group 6, and inthe channels of the right groupthe matrices Vof group l. The matrices of group 3 are stored in the channels of the lower auxiliary magazine, which may be considered as still another-,group of magazine channels. Throughout the magazine channels of the eight different groups, the matrices are stored in like manner (although they need not be) according to character.
The Vmatrices, (see Fig. 23) are of the usual form, although herein each is provided with only onerouting notch X1, and consequently one character, so thateach channel throughout the two main and two auxiliary magazines will be devoted to a different character of the matrix font.
Since each of the eight matrix .groups contains but twenty-seven characters that are repeated throughout the various groups, there will be three extra channels in each magaziner group allotted to matrix groups I, 2, 5 and 9, four extra channels in each magazine group allotted to matrix groups 3 and l, and seven extra channels in each magazine group allotted to matrix groups 4 and il. In the left groups of both main magazines, the three extra channels are at the right and are devoted to matrices bearing punc tuation marks. In the center groups of the main magazines, the three extra channels are the 7th, 12th and 25th and are devoted to matrices bearing nal consonants or special characters, such are at the'right and are .devotedtomatrices,V some bearing punctuation marks, and other special characters, while one channel in each of these sections is devoted to the em space. In each of the auxiliary magazine groups, the seven extra channels are at 'the right and contain matrices, some bearing numerals, others punctuation marks, one the dollar sign, and one a nal consonant. In order to simplify the description of the invention, the characters in the different groups which have the consonants in common (the 27 previously mentioned) will be termed regular characters, while the others, including the punctuation marks, final consonants, consonants with special vowels, numerals, etc., will be termed special characters. y
The keyboard F of the machine (see Fig. 4) includes sixty matrix releasing finger keys F1, a spacer releasing key G, and seven shift keys G1, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7 and G11. These shift keys bear index characters corresponding to the vowels of matrix groups l, and 3 to 8, respectively, and twenty-seven of the finger keys F1 bear index characters corresponding to the regular characters of matrix group 2, i. e., consonants without vowels. These twenty-seven finger keys, together with keys Nos. 7, 12 and 25, which bear index characters corresponding to the three special characters of matrix group 2, make up the iirst thirty keys of the keyboard. The remaining thirty keys, with the exception of key No. 34, which is the em key, bear index characters corresponding to the remaining special characters, e. g., keys Nos. 31 to 33 the special characters of matrix group I, keys Nos. 35Vv to 37 the special characters of matrix group 3, keys Nos. 38 to 44 the special characters of matrix group 4, keys Nos. 45 to 47 the special characters of matrix group 5, keys Nos. 48 to 50 the special characters of matrix group 6, keys Nos. 51 to 53 the special characters of matrix group l, and keys Nos. 54 to 60 the special characters of matrix group- 8.
The group of twenty-seven. keys bearing the regular characters is hereinafter referred to-as the consonant key group, and it is common to all the eight different matrix groups. Normally,
the consonant key group is connected for they release of the corresponding matrices of group 2, this being the group whose matrices bear consonants Vwithout vowels. When, however, during the course of composition, the operator desires to select a consonant with a vowel, he first presses the shift key bearing theV vowel, and then the key bearing the consonant. Upon the operation of the vowel shift key, the consonant key group is automatically connected for the release of the matrices from the corresponding vowel group, so that when'the consonant key is depressed, a matrix bearing such a vowel carrying consonant will be released from the appropriate magazine and assembled in line.
Since the matrices bearing the special characters are controlled in their release by separate keys, entirely divorced from the consonant key group, they can, under certain conditions, be rematrices of the selected group be operable, but
also those keys which control the release of the special' matrices of the other two groups; Again,
when the consonant key group is connected for the release of matrices from matrix group 4 in the auxiliary magazine, not only the keys which control the release ofthe special matricesv of that group, but also those keys which control the release of thespecialv matrices of matrix groups I, Zand 3, will be operable. Similar conditions exist with reference to the keys controlling the release of the special matrices of the diierent groups in the lower magazines. Thus, when the consonant key group is connected for the release of the corresponding matrices of any one ofthe matrix groups 5, 6 or 1, of the lower main magazine, the keys for controlling the release of the special matrices of any of these groups will be operable; and likewise, when the consonant key group is connected for the release of matrices vof group 8 in the lower auxiliary magazine, not only will the keys controlling the release of the special characters of that group be operable, but also the keys controlling the release of the special characters of all three groups in the upper main magazine. Fig. 27 sets `forth the characters, both regular and special,
which are available when the consonant key group is connected for releasingrmatrices from any' selected one of the eight different matrix groups and, at the right under the heading extra characters, the special characters (not of the selected group but of other groups) which are available for that particular connection of the l consonant key group. It might be statedhere that for any selected connection of the consonant key group, all of the keys corresponding to the special charactersY not available will be either idle or locked against operation.
In order that skill in'operating the keyboard may be readily acquired, dilerent colors may be used for the shift keys and for those special character keys which can only be used when a particular shift key is operated. Thus (Fig. 4), character keys Nos. 1 to 37 are white, as are also shift keys G1 and G3; character keys Nos. 38 to 44 and shift key G4 are yellow; character keys Nos.
45 lto 53 and shift keys G5, G6 and G'I red', and
character keys Nos. 54 to 60 and shift key G8 blue.
The reeds C1 for effecting the release of the matrices from the main magazine A are ninetyone in number, while the reeds C5 for effecting from matrix groups I and 5, those of group P to effect the release of matrices from matrix groups `2 and 6, and those` of group Q to effect the release of Vmatrices from matrix groups 3 and i. The reeds C5 associated with the auxiliary magazines have been designated group R and are operative to effect the release of matrices from matrix . groups 4 and 8.
As previously stated, the twenty-seven keys of the consonant key group are normally connected to operate the reeds which veli-lect the release of the corresponding matrices of matrix group 2, being allof the reeds of group P with the ,exception of Nos. 7, 12 and 25.
Upon the operation of` the shift key G1, however, (which is the one bearing thevowel indicaing the special characters.
associated with the magazine channels containing the specialY characters of said matrix group I. When the shift key G3 bearing the vowel indioative of matrix group 3 is depressed, the consonant key group is disconnected from the reeds of group P and connected with the corresponding reeds of group Q, being all of the reeds of that group, with the exception of the four at the right, which are associated with the magazine channels containing the special characters of said matrix group 3.
When the shift keys G or G'7 bearing the vowels indicative of matrix groups 5 and 'l are depressed, the consonant key group is disconnected from the reeds of group P and connected with the corresponding reeds of group O and group Q, respectively, as in the case of the shift keys G1 and G3, again excepting the reeds of these groups associated with the extra magazine channels contain- The depression of the shift keys G5 or G7, however, will also result in shifting the pivoted assembler throat A3 from its upper magazine receiving position to its lower magazine receiving position, so that the matrices from group 5 or 1 can be assembled by the operation of the consonant key group.
When the shift key G3 `bearing the vowel indicative of matrix group 6 is depressed, the connections of the consonant key group with the reeds of group P remain as before but the pivoted assembler throat A3 is shifted to its lower magazine position so as to permit the assembly of the matrices of group 6.
Upon the depression of either one of the shift keys G1 or G8 bearing the vowels indicative of matrix groups 4 and 8, the entire bank of main reeds C1 is swung rearwardly about their lower ends as pivots. This operation effects the connection of the twenty-seven reeds of group P (normally operated by the consonant key group) with the bails C6, which in turn are connected with the corresponding reeds of group R. Thel depression of shift key G1 has no effect upon the pivoted assembler throat B3 .associated with theV auxiliarymagazines but the depression of shift key G3 does, causing the throat to swing to its lower magazine receiving position. Hence, the matrices can be released from either one of groups 4 or 8 by the operation of the keys of theVl consonant key group, depending upon which of said shift key G1 or G3 is depressed.
When the main bank of reeds C1 is shifted rearwardly, not only the twenty-seven reeds of Y groupl P but in addition fourteen of the reeds of group P will be connected with the bails C5, seven of the latter reeds operating the last seven reeds at the right of group R when the shift key G1 for matrix group 4 is depressed, and the other seven reeds operating the same -last seven reeds of group R when the shift key G3 for matrix group 8 is depressed. These connections are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 24, as are also the connections between the extra reeds in groups O, P .and Q (designated, respectively O1, P1 and Q1) and the corresponding special character keys.
Upon the release of any shift key, the koriginal connections between the 'consonant key group and the reeds of group P are restored, the pivoted assembler throats returned intol operative relation with the upper magazines, and the bank of main reeds returned to normalposition, the conditions, of course, depending upon the particular shift key operated.
Before proceeding with the description of the manner in which the control of the consonant key group is shifted to the different matrix groups, it is thought best at this poi'nt to describe somewhat in detail the construction o-f the keyboard itself. In many respects, it is the same as -disclosed in the recently issued patent to Burt No. 2,090,028, but in view of ythe changes made in adapting it to the present invention, a
rather complete description is thought to be desirable.
The framework of the keyboard (see Figs. 4 and 5) comprises generally a main supporting base frame'I-I, a sheet metal keyboard casing H1, a pair of side bracket plates H2 arranged within the casing H1, and an auxiliary box-like member H3, which latter is located adjacent the rear wall of the casing H1 and is fastened to upright side posts H1 rising from the base frame H.
The finger keys F1 of the keyboard F are arranged in four rows or tiers (there being fteen in each row) and are pivoted between their ends on fixed horizontal cross rods F3 mounted in the bracket plates H2. At their rear ends (see Fig. 5), the finger keys F1 of each row engage beneath bent-over nose portions :i formed at the forward ends of a set of actuating levers J, through which the keys are operatively connected to a corresponding set of U-shaped rocking bails J1, there being four sets of bails for the four rows of linger keys, and as many bails in each set as there are keys in the respective rows. As best shown in Fig. 5, the different sets of bails J1 are arranged one above the other in the auxiliary frame member H3 and are mounted on separate pivot rods J2, with the cross members 7'1 of the individual bails J1 resting upon teeth or projections 73'f`ormed on the uper edges of the actuating levers J. The teeth 7'2, as; will be observed in Fig. 5, are differently located, so that each bail of the four sets may be operated by a separate lever J when the corresponding finger key F1 is. depressed. To avoid friction between their points of contact with the bails, the levers J are mounted at their rear ends on the same pivot rods J2 and are themselves supported at the front in a vertical slotted guide plate H7, which forms the front wall of the auxiliary frame member H3. `As the bails J1 are rocked upwardly by the depression of the finger keys, motion is imparted thereby through overlying levers J3 to a series of vertical actuating rods K, and thence to the controlling slides E in a manner about to be described. Y
` The levers J3 for the different bail sets, like the levers J, are mounted at their rear ends onthe pivot rods J2 and at the front presentV shoulders i3 which engage beneath corresponding lugs 1c projecting from the rear edges of the actuating rods K. On their lower edges, the levers J3 are formed with teeth or projections :i4 which, like the teeth i2 of the levers J, are differently located to engage the cross members i1 of the different bails J1. The arrangement is such that, as a bail is rocked upwardly bya finger key, it will raise those overlying levers J3 whose teeth engage it, and they in turn will lift the corresponding actuating rods K. At their lower ends, the rods K are formed with ears or lugs k1 and are adapted to actuate the controlling slides E through the latter being arranged with their front ends beneath the slides E.
The controlling slides E are properly guided in their vertical movements by upper and lower comb plates or bar sections H9, which constitute part of the keyboard frame, and the rods K are similarly guided by upper and lower comb plates H10. The lower comb plate for the actuating rods K (Fig. 5) serves also as a guiding member for the selecting bars L, being formed with a slotted vertical section L4 through which said bars extend.
While the bails J1 and the underlying levers J correspond in number to the keys of the keyboard and the controlling slides E in number to the total number of reeds of groups O, P and Q, that is, 91 in all, the overlying levers J3 and the rods K are onehundred and fourteen in number, this difference being due to the fact that, insofar as the keys of` the consonant group are concerned, each key controls, through its associated bail, three different rods K and three different controlling slides E, said three controlling slides each actuating one of the reeds in each of the groups l of reeds O, P and Q. This accounts for twentyseven of the keys, eighty-one of the controlling slides E and eighty-one of the rods K. Then, of course, there are thirty-two special character keys, nine of which (Nos. 7, l2, 25, 31 to 33 and to 37) control, through nine different rods K, nine controlling slides E actuating nine diierent reeds, i. e., three in group O, three in group P, and three in group Q, when any one of the matrix groups l, 2 or 3. is in use. Nine different 1, keys (Nos. 45 to 53) control, through nine dinerent rods K, the same nine controlling slides E, when any one of matrix groups 5, 6 or 'l is in use. The key controlling the release of the em space, accounts for one rod K and one controlling slide E, these elements being active to release the ern space at any time. Fourteen keys (Nos. 38 to 44 and 54 to 60) operate to release'the matrices of groups Il and 8. These keys control, through fourteen individual rods K, fourteen oi the controlling slides E associated with the reeds of group Q, and which are also used when the consonant key group is connected for the release of matrices in groups 3 and l'. In Vother words, there is a group of twenty-eight rods K, fourteen of which, under one condition, operate certain slides E associated with the reeds in group Q, and fourteen different rods K that will operate the same slides under a different condition. This accounts for all of the sixty keys, the ninety-one controlling slides E and the one hundred and fourteen rods K.
As before stated. the controlling slides E are actuated by the rods K through the medium of a series of fore-and-aft bars L. Insofar as the different reeds groups controlling the release of regular characters are concerned, these slides act as selecting elements, whereby the different groups can be connected for operation by the common consonant key group upon the operation of the various shift keys. For this purpose, the selecting bars L, associated with the slides E for controlling the twenty-seven reeds in each of the diierent groups O, P and Q, are formed in their lower edges with different tooth and notch coinbinations l, l1 adapted to cooperate in different ways with the underlying ears or lugs k1 on the rods K, depending upon the fore-and-aft position of adjustment of the bars L. Thus in Figs. 13, 14 and 15, there are illustrated three slides E, which, under different conditions, can be actuated by a singley bail J1 under the control of a single key of the consonant group, together with thebars L through whichV the selection of the slides is effected.`
In Fig. 13, there is illustrated a bar L characteristic of those controlling the slides E which operate the reeds of group P,V reference being now had to only the twenty-seven reeds in this group for releasing the regular characters. The bars L have three different positions of adjustment in a ioreeand-aft direction, the normal position being shown in this figme. Here, it will be seen that the tooth l directly overlies the lug k1 of the rod K. Consequently, when the bail J1 is raised through the operation of the corresponding nger key, the resultant movement of the rod K will be transmitted through the lug k1 to the Slide E, so that the corresponding reed of group P will be actuated. However, when the bar L is shifted either forward or backward, one or another of the notched portions thereof will overlie the lug 7c1 on the rod K, so that, under these conditions, the upward movement of the rod K will be an idle one.
In Fig. 14, there is illustrated a bar L characteristic of those associated-with Vthe slides for operating thereeds in group O. The slide here is shown in its forward position, with the lug k1 on the rod K engaging the lower edge of said bar. Consequently, when the bail J1 is raised by the operation of the corresponding finger key, the resultant upward movement of the rod K will be transmitted to the bar L to raise the slide E; whereas, when the bar L is returned to its normal position, or is moved to its rearward position, the notch in the lower edge thereof will overlie the lug k1, so that, under these latter two conditions, the upward movement of the. rod K will be an idle one.
In Pig. 15, there is illustrated a bar L characteri'stic oi those associated with the slides E which control the actuation of the reeds in group Q, with the exception of the fourteen slides which, in addition, control the release of matrices bearing special characters in the auxiliary` magazines. This particular bar L is shown in its rearward position, wherein the tooth in the lower edge thereof overlies the lug k1 on the rod K. Consequently, when the bail J1 is raised upon the operation of the corresponding finger key, the resultant upward movement of the rod K will be transmitted through the bar-L to the slide E to effect the operation of the corresponding reed. When the bar L is in its normal or its forward position, the notched portion thereof, which is wide enough for the purpose, will overlie the lug 7c, sothat the upward movement of the rod K under those conditions will be idle. v
Hence, vas regards those slides E which are operated from the consonant key group, the selecting bars L therefor take three different forms and-have each three diiTerent positions, that is to say, a normal or central position wherein the slides associatedwith the reeds of group P will be operative While those associated with groups O and Q are inoperativaca forward position wherein `the slides E associated with the reeds of group O will be operative while those associated with groups P and Q will be inoperative, and a rearward position wherein the slides associated with the reeds of group Q will be operative and those associated with groups O and P inoperative.
The slides E which control the release of the special characters, that is, all those released through the operation of the finger keys other than the nger keys of the consonant key group,
are operated inv the 'same manner'as those'previously described, except that the Abars L, through which they are actuated, arev somewhat different.
Thus, the slides E, which are active in releasing` the special characters in both the upper and lower main'magazines, are actuatedeach by twol different rods K (see`Fig. 18), one of which is operated by a special'key when the pivoted assembler throat A3 is operatively connected with' l the upper magazine, and the other by a different reeds of group Q, which, under certain conditions, are controlled by keys of the consonantrkey group and, under other conditions,by special keys for releasing from the auxiliary-magazines the matrices bearing'the special characters, are also, actuated (see Fig. 12) each by two different rods u K through the medium ofa common bar L. The tooth and notch combination ofthis bar includes two teeth Z3, Z3, the `forward teeth Z3 cooperating with the protuberance k1 of the bar K controlled by a special character key, and the second tooth Z3 cooperating with the protuberance 7c1 on the barK controlled by a key of the consonant key group. When the bar L is in its, normal position` of adjustment, the tooth l2 immediatelyunderlies the lprotuberance k1 of its associated rod ',K, while the tooth Z3 is just forward of theA protuberance 7c1 of its associated rod K.; According to this arrangement, when the bar L is in its normal position of adjustment, the slide E can beactuated by the upward movement'of the rod K controlled from the corresponding` special lcharacter key, whereas the lupward, movement of the rodj controlled from the corresponding-key of the'con- 'sonant key group" will be idle. In the forward. position of adjustment of the bar L, the upward movement of both rods K will be idle. Inl the rearward position of adjustment of thebar L,
the `upward movement of: the rod K controlled by thev specialy character key will be idle, whereas the upward movement of the rodV K, controlled from a key of the consonant key' group, will be j operative to actuate the slide E. "In other words,V
insofar as the latter rod K is concerned,l the bar L cooperates with it in the same manner as the other bars L associatedwith the slides Ecorresponding to the other reeds of group Q, which are operated only by keys of the consonant keyV group. l
VThe selecting bars ent positions of adjustment through the medium of a shift frame S (see Figs. 5 and 7), which includes a pair of side arms S1 suspended from an overhead pivot rod S3 and, a lower transverse connecting rodL1 to which the selecting bars L are pivoted at their rear ends.' During` the `ad. justing movement of the shift frame S, the vselectingbars L are sustained in operative relation to the lugs k1 of the rods K, and also in engaging relation with the lower ends of the controlling slides E, by a horizontal plate H3 which is arranged beneath the bars and secured to the side walls of the auxiliaryframe member H3.
The devices for shifting the frame S (see Figs. 1,4. 5 and 7) include a fore-and-aft slide `bar S3 L `are moved to their differarranged beneaththe base frame H and connected thereto for endwise movement by a screw and slot s at the front and by a sustaining guideY bracket h3 at the rear. Thebar S3 (as best shown in Figs. 5 and 7) is connected at its rearV end to the shift frame S by means of a coupling S1 and is held resiliently in its intermediate position against movement in either direction by a pair of spring-actuated levers S5, S3, which are disposed transversely of and beneath the bar S3 in engaging relation to a plate Srl secured to thelower face of said bar (see also Fig. 4). The levers S3, S6 are pivoted, respectively, at s1, s3 to the base frame H and are held apart in parallel spaced relation in opposition to a connecting spring S3 by a xed stop plateS3, against which their free ends engage,
The rearward movement of the bar S3 is. effected by a horizontally disposed lever S10 throughY a vertical slide plate S11, and the forward movement of the bar is effected by a similar lever S13 through a corresponding vertical slide plate S13.
The manner in which the slide plates S11 andS13 are actuated to move the shift frame will be later described. The levers S10 and S13 (see Figa) are intermediately pivoted to the base frame H on` vertical axes s3, s1 and are arranged end to end` with their nose portions seated in a recess s5 of y a block S14 secured to the top of the bar S3.
'.As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the slide plates S11, S13 are mounted in fixed bracketV membersVvv H11 of the framework and are held resiliently.` against upwart movement by pull springs S15 connected to the upper ends of the plates and an chored to pins s0 projecting laterally from the members H11. The pins s0 engage in corresponding slots s" formed in the slide plates S11, S13, and
sustain the plates vertically in a normal downward position against the tension of the' springs S15, At the lower ends, the plates S11, `S13.are provided with anti-friction rollers` s3 which are arranged to engage curved or cam surfaces s3 A formed on the contiguous end-.portionsk of the aforementioned horizontal levers S10 and S13..
The cam surface s3 of the lever S12 engagesthe,
anti-friction roller s8 of its associated slideat ,l the front, whereas the corresponding cam surfaceY of the lever S10 engages the anti-friction roller of its respective slide at the rear.`
According to the foregoing arrangement, as
the vertical slide S11 at the left is raised, the.
roller s3 thereon will rock the lever S10 in a clock, wise direction, so as to move the bar S3 forwardly against the tension of the pull spring S3 and thus swing-the shift frame S in the same direction to its forward adjusted position, which, it will be recalled, is the adjustment wherein the consonant keyJgroup is connected for operating the` reeds of group O. As the slide S11 is lowered, the bar S3 and the shift frame S will be restored to their original positions by the spring S8 acting through the lever S6. And likewise, as the'vertical slide S13 at the right is raised, the anti-friction roller s3 thereon will rock the lever S12 in a clockwise direction, so as tomove the bar S3 rearwardly against the tension of the pull spring S3, and.
thus swing the shift frame S in the same direction to its backward adjusted position, which,
it will be recalled, is the position lof adjustment wherein the consonant key group is connected for operating the reeds of group Q; and asthe vslide S13 is lowered, the bar S3 and the shift frame S-will be restored to their original positions by Lthe spring S3 acting through the lever S5.
nIt will now be clear how the control of the con-
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667265A (en) * 1950-09-07 1954-01-26 Mergenthaler Linotype Gmbh Typographical composing machine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667265A (en) * 1950-09-07 1954-01-26 Mergenthaler Linotype Gmbh Typographical composing machine

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