US2144230A - Method for melting metals - Google Patents
Method for melting metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2144230A US2144230A US2144230DA US2144230A US 2144230 A US2144230 A US 2144230A US 2144230D A US2144230D A US 2144230DA US 2144230 A US2144230 A US 2144230A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- fuel
- metal
- charge
- combustion zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxidized castings Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/32—Blowing from above
Definitions
- My invention relates to a method for melting metals and more particularly concerns the melting of iron and steel for making cast iron suitable for use in a Bessemer converter, open-hearth furnace, or for casting in a foundry; and contemplates improvements in a method adapted to reduce the cost of manufacture, improve the quality of the product, and permit absolute control of the elements entering the finished product and removed from the charge prior to pouring.
- the cupola furnace has been the most inexpensive means for melting iron and steel for producing cast iron; but, due to its construction and manner of operation, the quality' of the cast iron and the economy of operation is dependent upon so many factors that waste and ununiform products are common practice.
- a blast pressure' which is too high or too low, or varied during the same run is uneconomical; and too much or too little coke produces cold iron, oxidized castings, and waste of iron.
- 'I'he size, quality, and sulphur content of the coke must also be taken into consideration if the proper operation and best product is to be attained.
- the high cost of maintenance of the cupola type of furnace is also an objectionable feature which has been overcome by employing the method and apparatus hereinafter set forth.
- My invention further contemplates the provision of a furnace in which fuels other than coke may be employed effectively to melt the charge and in which the fuel does lnot have to be graded to a predetermined size.
- lMy invention further contemplates the pro'- f vision of a furnace in which the height of the fuel bed is maintained at the position at which the oxygen of the blast is entirely consumed, the maximum of carbon dioxide and minimum of carbon monoxide formed, and maximum temperature attained.
- my invention comprises a cylindricalshaped furnace disposed at an angle to a horizontal plane and having a charging door at its upper end and an air blast nozzle at its lower when relatively small fuel is used.
- the furnace is air blast to blow downwardly upon the fuel.
- TheA fuel and metal are .charged 'into the upper end of the furnace and the furnace is revolved about its longitudinal axis causing the charge to move gradually towards the lower end of the furnace and into the combustion zone which is maintained at a high temperature by the air blast.
- Fig. l1 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved furnace, showing the manner of operating same when'relatively large size fuel is employed to melt themetals;
- Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the furnace arrangement when relatively small size fuel is used;
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of Fig. 1. 4
- the inner wall of the shell is covered with a suitable refractory lining 9, and a tap hole Il is formed at the nozzle end of the furnace.
- a pair of circular bands I2 are secured to the shell for engagement with four rollers I3 which serve to rotate the furnace about its longitudinal axis.
- the rollers are journaled in bearing brackets i4 mounted on a tilting table I6, and the roller i3* is driven by means of the motor I1 provided with a driving sprocket I8 and connected to a driven sprocket I9, secured to the roller I3, by a driving chain 2
- the tilting table I6 is pivotally mounted at 22 in bearings 23 formed on a base 24 and theangle ofthetablewithrespecttothebasemaybe,
- turnbuckle 2l which is connected to the end of the table at 21 and to the adjacent end of the base at 28.
- enters the furnace through the opening 1 and gradually moves towards the combustion zone 32, and assumes a formation as illustrated in Fig. 1.
- the charge is tumbled by the rotation of the furnace and is heated causing the metal to change to a liquid state prior to its entrance into the combustion zone and to pass out of the furnace through the tap hole Il. 'It will thus be observed that the molten metal 33 is not subjected to the action of the oxidizing gases and that the fuel bed may readily be maintained at the proper height to entirely consume the oxygen of the blast and thereby attain the maximum eiliciency.
- the fuel ash is carried out of the furnace through the opening 1.
- Fig. 2 the furnace is illustrated as arranged to burn relatively small size fuel which would be too light and dusty to arrange as'shown in Fig. l, wherein the fuel is piled in front of the air blast nozzle; otherwise, the operation is the same.
- the method of melting metals which consists in moving a charge of metal and fuel laterally through a furnace and towards a combustion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the combustion zone.
- the method of melting metals which consists in tumbling a charge of metal and fuel in a rotating furnace to move the charge laterally therethrough and towards a combustion zone therein.
- the method of melting metal in a rotating furnace which consists in forming a charge of metal and fuel into a substantially triangularshaped mass as viewed in vertical section taken longitudinally of the furnace, moving the charge laterally through the furnace and toward a combust'ion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the fuel in the combustion zone and above the metal collected beneath the fuel.
Description
Jan. 17, 1939.
J. D. RUSSELL METHODv FOR MELTING METALSA Filed Aug. 21, 1936 I NVENTOR ATTORN EY Patented 17, 1939 UNITED lSTATES PATENT OFFICE James Donald Russell, Anniston, Ala.
Application August 21, 1936, Serial No. 97,146
6 Claims.
My invention relates to a method for melting metals and more particularly concerns the melting of iron and steel for making cast iron suitable for use in a Bessemer converter, open-hearth furnace, or for casting in a foundry; and contemplates improvements in a method adapted to reduce the cost of manufacture, improve the quality of the product, and permit absolute control of the elements entering the finished product and removed from the charge prior to pouring.
Heretofore, the cupola furnace has been the most inexpensive means for melting iron and steel for producing cast iron; but, due to its construction and manner of operation, the quality' of the cast iron and the economy of operation is dependent upon so many factors that waste and ununiform products are common practice. In the operation of a cupola furnace, a blast pressure' which is too high or too low, or varied during the same run is uneconomical; and too much or too little coke produces cold iron, oxidized castings, and waste of iron. 'I'he size, quality, and sulphur content of the coke must also be taken into consideration if the proper operation and best product is to be attained. The high cost of maintenance of the cupola type of furnace is also an objectionable feature which has been overcome by employing the method and apparatus hereinafter set forth.
My invention further contemplates the provision of a furnace in which fuels other than coke may be employed effectively to melt the charge and in which the fuel does lnot have to be graded to a predetermined size.
lMy invention further contemplates the pro'- f vision of a furnace in which the height of the fuel bed is maintained at the position at which the oxygen of the blast is entirely consumed, the maximum of carbon dioxide and minimum of carbon monoxide formed, and maximum temperature attained.
Briefly, my invention comprises a cylindricalshaped furnace disposed at an angle to a horizontal plane and having a charging door at its upper end and an air blast nozzle at its lower when relatively small fuel is used. the furnace is air blast to blow downwardly upon the fuel. TheA fuel and metal are .charged 'into the upper end of the furnace and the furnace is revolved about its longitudinal axis causing the charge to move gradually towards the lower end of the furnace and into the combustion zone which is maintained at a high temperature by the air blast. By means of the method and apparatus set forth herein, it is possible to melt most if not all the metal prior to passage into the combustion zone and without bringing the metal into contact with the air blast; thereby preventing the destructive action of oxidizing gases from affecting the product, improving the product by decreasing the sulphur content and increasing the metalloids,
silicon, and manganese, and permitting the regulation of the carbon content.
My invention embodies other novel features, details of construction, and arrangement of parts which are hereinafter set forth in the specifica'- tion and claims and shown in the accompanying drawing.
Apparatus embodying features of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein: y
Fig. l1 is a longitudinal sectional view of my improved furnace, showing the manner of operating same when'relatively large size fuel is employed to melt themetals;
Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the furnace arrangement when relatively small size fuel is used; and
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of Fig. 1. 4
Referring now to the drawing for a better understanding of my invention, I show a furnace Scomprising a cylindrical-shaped metal shell 6 provided with a charging opening 1 at one end thereof and an air blast nozzle il at the other end. The inner wall of the shell is covered with a suitable refractory lining 9, and a tap hole Il is formed at the nozzle end of the furnace.
A pair of circular bands I2 are secured to the shell for engagement with four rollers I3 which serve to rotate the furnace about its longitudinal axis. The rollers are journaled in bearing brackets i4 mounted on a tilting table I6, and the roller i3* is driven by means of the motor I1 provided with a driving sprocket I8 and connected to a driven sprocket I9, secured to the roller I3, by a driving chain 2|.
The tilting table I6 is pivotally mounted at 22 in bearings 23 formed on a base 24 and theangle ofthetablewithrespecttothebasemaybe,
readily changed by means of the turnbuckle 2l which is connected to the end of the table at 21 and to the adjacent end of the base at 28.
In the operation of the furnace when relatively large size fuel is employed to melt the metal, the charge 3| enters the furnace through the opening 1 and gradually moves towards the combustion zone 32, and assumes a formation as illustrated in Fig. 1. During the downward travel of the charge, it is tumbled by the rotation of the furnace and is heated causing the metal to change to a liquid state prior to its entrance into the combustion zone and to pass out of the furnace through the tap hole Il. 'It will thus be observed that the molten metal 33 is not subjected to the action of the oxidizing gases and that the fuel bed may readily be maintained at the proper height to entirely consume the oxygen of the blast and thereby attain the maximum eiliciency. The fuel ash is carried out of the furnace through the opening 1.
In Fig. 2, the furnace is illustrated as arranged to burn relatively small size fuel which would be too light and dusty to arrange as'shown in Fig. l, wherein the fuel is piled in front of the air blast nozzle; otherwise, the operation is the same.
It will thus be,seen that my improved method and apparatus for melting metals will facilitate operations which have heretofore been difcult to perform and uncertain as to results; which will produce cast iron of a better and more uniform grade than has heretofore been attained; and which will also greatly reduce the cost of manufacture.
While I have shown my invention in but one form, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof; and I desire, therefore,
that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art.
I claim:
1. The method of melting metals which consists in moving a charge of metal and fuel laterally through a furnace and towards a combustion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the combustion zone.
2. The method of melting metals which consists in tumbling a charge of metal and fuel in a rotating furnace to move the charge laterally therethrough and towards a combustion zone therein.
3. 'I'he method of melting metals which consists in tumbling a charge of metal and fuel in a rotating furnace to move the charge laterally therethrough and towards a combustion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the combustion zone.
4. rl'he method of melting metals which consists in tumbling a charge of metal and fuel in a rotating furnace to move the charge laterally therethrough and towards a combustion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the fuel in the combustion zone and above the metal collected beneath the fuel.
5. A method according to claim 4 in which metal is liquefied prior to contact with the air stream passing through the combustion zone.
6. The method of melting metal in a rotating furnace which consists in forming a charge of metal and fuel into a substantially triangularshaped mass as viewed in vertical section taken longitudinally of the furnace, moving the charge laterally through the furnace and toward a combust'ion zone therein, and blowing a stream of air through the fuel in the combustion zone and above the metal collected beneath the fuel.
JAMES DONALD RUSSELL.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2144230A true US2144230A (en) | 1939-01-17 |
Family
ID=3429930
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US2144230D Expired - Lifetime US2144230A (en) | Method for melting metals |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2144230A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2481699A (en) * | 1944-10-06 | 1949-09-13 | Petersen Oven Co | Metal melting furnace |
US4013278A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-03-22 | Donoghue Philip J O | Portable thermal metal refining apparatus |
-
0
- US US2144230D patent/US2144230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2481699A (en) * | 1944-10-06 | 1949-09-13 | Petersen Oven Co | Metal melting furnace |
US4013278A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-03-22 | Donoghue Philip J O | Portable thermal metal refining apparatus |
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