US2140891A - Rail fastening - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 20, 1938. w. s. BoYcE. 2,140,391

RAIL FASTENING Filed Dec. 2l, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 6 4 y f/ v IIF/W/ VMMIII 7 h m m 8 f l Lwwwm.; g n@ z 7 v/ f Flc. I

, WlLLmM 5 BOYCE BY' m, 55% awww l ATTYs.

Dec. 20, 193s. w s, BQYCE A 2,140,891

RAIL FASTENINC- Filed Dec. 21, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .f 6 a9 f 0 y hwaNToR WsLLmM 5. EaoYE Patented Dec. 20, 1938 UNITED STATES Xilidi PATENToFl-lce RAIL FASTENING William S. Boyce, Chicago, Ill. ApplicationDecember 21, 1934, Serial No. 758,569

1'8 claims. (omas-351) This invention has particular reference to an improved means for holding railroad rails in proper place. o

The main objects of the invention are to proa vide a simplified, yet effective rail fastening which may be manufactured and applied at low cost; to provide a rail fastening of such a design that it will, in a large measure, be free from breakage o r impairment as an incident tobroken down lo or dragging parts of railroad rolling stock; to provide a rail fastening which will permit the normal wave motion of therails incident to the passage of a train thereover; to provide a fasten-- ing means which will eiectively retard and minil mize abrasive action on the tie; to provide an arrangement wherein excessive upward movement of the rails will bel transferred to the rail fast- -ening structure over a wide area so that 'a plurality of materially spaced anchoring devices may be employed for resisting such excessive upward movement; to provide such means which conteml plates in all of the fastenings for any given length of track,a denite, vpermanently uniform, and

distributed, movement-retarding pressure on rail vbut insufficient to impair its normal wave motion; to provide a practical arrangement which may be easily and expeditiously assembled and applied in rail laying operations carried on in accordance with the prevailing method; to provide such :To a rail fastening ymeans which may be easily disf' Vassembled or removed when occasion requires; and in general, it is the object of the invention to provide an improved rail fastening of the type' referred to. V a

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be understood by reference to the following speciiication and accompanying drawings where` in there are illustrated several embodiments of rail fastenings employing the present invention.

In the drawings (2 sheets): Fig. l is a plan. i l, Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the tie -plate ele# ment of the rail fastener.

Figs. 4 and 5 are perspectives of the clip element. Fig. 6 is a perspective of a spring element. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevation of another form of the improved rail fastening. Fig. v8 is asecticn on the line 8--8 of Fig. '7. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the structure shown in Fig. '1, as indicated by the line 99` of Fig. '7. Fig. 10 is a section similar to Fig. 2 but showing still another form of the rail fastening.

Fig. 11 is a `perspective of a clip element emits compressibility or yieldability when subjected to the imposed loads. SuchA ployed in the form of fastening illustrated in Fig. 10; and

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of still another form of rail fastening embodying the invention.

Referring now to the drawings, the form of rail fastening illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive includes a tie plate I which, in this embodiment, includes a pair of transversely extending shoulders 2l and 3 which are spaced longitudinally of the plate for engaging the side edges of the base flange of a rail 4 which is seated on the rail seat portion 5 of the plate. Such shoulders are conventional in the practical art. For the purpose of this invention in certain of its forms, the shoulders may be made slightly higher than is ordinary, while for certain other forms the shoulders may be made of ordinary height.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the rail seat 5 is canted,

and it is preferably cambered or crowned in accordance with the conventional practice or specications -of the railroad purchasing the plates. For thepurposeV of obtaining full seating of the rail on the plate, and as a medium for automatically adjusting or compensating for surface irregularities between the rail seat area of the plate and the corresponding bottom surface of the rail base, a wood shim 6 may be interposed between the'rail-base and rail seat of the tie plate. The wood shim is preferably of highly compressed wood such as is well known in the art and the shim brings about the desired result by reason of under the rail shms also tend to eliminate objectionable noises incident to the normal movement of the rail rela-` tive to the tie plate. g

For effectively retaining the rail in the proper I position on the tie plate but withoutpreventing the normal wave motion of the rail, clip fasteners such as indicated at 1'l, and in this instance embodying springs 8, are employed. The clips 1 on opposite sides of the rail are substantially identical in formation, the only difference being a slight change'ffin shape to conform the clips respectively to the contours of the end portions of the plate on which they are respectively seated.

'Inmaterial respects, the oppositely disposed clips and springs are of like construction and hence del tailed explanation of one clip will be suicient for the purposes of this specification.

' The clip 1 includes a body portion 9 anda lip portion I0. 'I'he body portion' 9 has its bottom surface provided /With a transverselyextending recess or channel Il and an opening I2 extending veritcally through the body portion for receivlng a spike, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. In

ythis instance, a/cut spike I3 is employed and hence the spike hole I2 in the clip and a corresponding spike hle I4 in the tie plate, are of square form. It will of course be apparent that a screw spike or any other suitable form 4is preferably shaped to snugly t the outer and top surface of the rail abutting shoulder 2 or 3. 'I'he lip II) extends inwardly into overlying relation to the adjacent portion of the base flange of the rail 4 and as shown in Fig. 2, is preferably spaced upwardly from the 'top surface of the rail base ange so as to permit limited vertical movement of the rail incident, for example, to the normal wave motion of the rail. The upward spacing of the lip I0 thus serves to permit limited vertical movement of the rail without exerting a corresponding lifting force on the clip and tie plate. This is advantageous in that it avoids an excessive amount ofv spike pulling action and permits a normal movement of the rail, which has never been successfully prevented in any practicable manner. Attempts to limit this action by rigid or semi-rigid rail engaging means result in the plate and tie participating with the rail in its Jvertical motion, developing thereby what is referred to in track parlance as Pumping Track, an objectionable road-bed disturbing action which materially affects maintenance cost and :ridingquality of track Structure.

However, for. those who prefer to prevet relative movement between the rail and the tie plate, the clip may obviously be modified by lowering the lip to cause it to bear on the base flange of the rail.A Y

' 'I'he tie plate shoulders are each provided with an opening or notch I1 which has its sides I8, I8 undercut, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. The clip I is provided with a lug portion I9 formed integral therewith and shaped,within practicable limits, to Asnugly iit the undercut opening I'I. It will be seenthat the clip may be assembled with the tie plate by moving the clip endwise toward the rail so that the `lug I 9 of the clip enters and substantially lls the undercut opening I1. Thereupon, the spike I3A or other fastening is applied.

Excessive upward movement of the rail will of course cause the rail base flange to engage the lip portion I0 of the clip and the excessive upward movement' will be transmitted from the clip to the plate through the interlocked connection formed by the undercut opening I1 and the lug I9. When lifting force is applied to thelip I0 of the clip, it will be apparent that there will be a tendency for, the clip to fulcrum around its interlocked connection with the plate, so that the-outer end of the clip body will be pressed into engagement with the tie plate. This upward movement of the rail will tendto cause lifting of the plate uniformly over its entire area.

.It desired, the spike I3, ,which locks the clip against endwise displacement froni its interflbre affecting tie life. 'to employ appropriate springs 20 with the hold locked relation with the plate, may be relied upon to also hold the tie plate to the tie, and in that event, it would be preferable to use a screw spike- (as illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, and 9) in the place of the cut spike I3. This follows, of course, from the fact that a screw spike will resist pulling with greater eifectiveness than a cut spike.

'I'he tie-plate may advantageously be lagged to the tie (not shown) independently of the clip locking spike, by the application of hold down cut spikes or, as shown, screw spikes IS-IG adjacent diagonally opposed corners or other desired portions of the plate. In the structure shown in Fig. 1, the tie plate is provided with holes adjacent each corner and any selected holes, or all of them, may of course be employed for the indicated purpose.

By reason of the aforesaid tendency of the plate to be lifted uniformly over its entire area.

no one fastening means is subjected to the entire u,

lifting force and the combined anchoring power of all of the spikes is the better able to withstand such lifting force.

Excessive upward movement of rail may be resistedor retarded and the normal wave motion of the rail may be more or less controlled by means of the springsB inserted between the clip and rail ange. each embody an upturned free end portion 8a adapted to bear on the rail flange, and ahintermediate downturned rear end portion h, and the Aunder `surface of the clip and forward portionl of lug I9 thereof are recessed to receive the rear end portion of the clip as clearly illustrated.

The clip, tie plate shoulder and rail iiange cooperate, as best shown in Fig. 2,.. toj`house the rear end portion of the spring to thereby lock the latter in operative position.

The flattened spring is assembled with the clip and moved into engagement with the rail coincldently with the positioning of the clip. It will be noted that while the spring is functioningagainst the rail base, the spaced relation between the clip and rail base still permits the normal vertical rail motion to take place.

The spring serves the further purpose of preventing the eiect of shock on the clip by impact; insures constant firm engagement between the lug I9 and undercut sides I8-I8 of the notch I1, vthereby minimizing wearing action between the engaging surfaces. The spring also tends automatically to adjust or control the play or vibration of the rail between its seat and the clip.

It should be observed that the load application from rail affecting the tie plate is not when it is immediately over the plate but when it is approaching and receding from it. This causes a rolling shear action of the plate on the tie which develops the abrasive or mechanical wear on tie Therefore it is desirable down spikes I6 to absorb4 and reduce this rolling shear movement of plate. tend to prevent plate lifting after the plate is embeddedin the tie and hence clattering and other objectionable noise is avoided.

'I'hus the combination of clip-spring arrangement, and hold down spike with sprlngsvwill counteract the forces tending to gradualy pull or lift spikes out of tie.

Obviously the number of clips, hold down spikes and springs, as well as their positioning may be varied from the arrangements shown, to

meet `specified requirements.

'I'he springs 8 herein shownr Such springs also 1 between the tie plate and rail or other undesirable relationship therebetween such as commonly occurs in the use oi rail fastenings which require the exercise of human judgment in the required frequent or periodic manual adjustment for their proper maintenance. Also, a material advantage is gained by the use of fixed springs such as 8i. e., springs not subject to individual adjustment of their bearing pressures on the rail base flange, since improper adjustment and impairment by tampering or attempted adjustment cannot readily occur.

Another important feature of the' describedconstruction is found in the fact that the clip fastening arrangement embodies no parts whichproject upwardly to any great extent. This is important for the reason that it is a very common occurrence on railroads that brake beams, brakes, axles, wheels and other parts, drop down from their normal positions and drag along and cause derailments or sometimes seriously damage various less sturdy forms of rail fastening devices which project upwardly materially beyond the base flange of the rail. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the heads of the' clip locking spikes are in fact below the level of the top surfaces of the lip portion of the -clips and the latter surfaces are not materially elevated above the base flange of the rail. Hence, any ldragging part'will readily pass over the rail fastening without damaging the same. Again, even though some part should ing of `the spike head strike the rail fastening, it is capable, due to its effective interlocked relation with the plate shoulder, of resisting very great forces, since there is y no long lever arm through which such dragging part can operate to bend or break the rail fastening. It shuld also be observed' that even though the head of the spike be sheared off, the rail fastening will remain effective so long as any part of the spike shank projects upwardly into the opening I2 of the clip to prevent its lateral movement which is necessary to disengage the interlocking portions of the clip and tie plate.

To facilitate the low seating of the spike head, the clip is provided with a seat portion I2a for the outwardly extending head of the spike, an inner portion of said seat being countersunk below the top surface of the clip body and an outer portion being raised to afford full head support for the spike as clearly shown in Fig. 4. This arrangement avoids objectionable weakenthe clip body, provides maximum spike the tie, 'while also maintaining in such relation to the top surface of the. clip that the usual claw bar may be applied for removing the spike when required.

Still another advantage results from the housed or, in effect, enclosed interlocked connection between the clip and tie plate, whereby the entrance between the parts, of abrasive and corrosive elements is largely prevented.

The shim E between the 'rail base and the tie penetration in lplate seat may conveniently be anchored against lateral shifting transversely of the plate by means of edgewise projecting lug-like or lip portions such as indicated at 2l, 2l which project Vinto the openings l1 in the respective tie plate shoulders 2 and 3.

In `the rail fastening arrangement shown in Figs. "I, Si, andi), the clip 1 is interlocked with the tie plate by means of an undercut opening 22 of inverted T-shape in the tie plate shoulder 3 and a correspondingly shaped boss or lug i9' on the clip. The clip is also'modifled in-that it is provided .with upwardly extending reinforcing ribs '23, `23 at its opposite sides. In this instance,

the clip and tie plate are shown as being secured to the tie by means of a screw spike 24, and it will of course be understood that the spike receiving openings in the clip and tie are accordingly made round instead of square.

A suitable spring such as a coil spring 25 may also be used with the combined hold down and clip locking spikes as contemplated in Figs. "I, 8, andl 9. This arrangement, while perhaps less secure than the independently lagged arrangement, is similarly effective' while being less costly. If desired, a flat spring may be employed in this form also', between the lip of the clip and the base flange of the rail. Obviously since the holding power of the screw spike is manifestly greater than of the cut spike, this further spring action combinedwith that of the hold down spikes will tend to insure constant lfull seating of the plate on the tie in addition to materially contributing toward the elimination of plate movement above described as well as that incident to theA tie plate becoming partially embedded in the tie.

In the last described form of construction, the square head 21 of the screw spike projects upwardly slightly beyond the top of the lip portion of the clip, but this is not seriously objectionable, since the ribs 23, 23 of the clip protect the springand spike head and sincev the head of the screw spike and the sides of the square head portion 21 thereof are arranged at an angle to the vertical whereby there is a tendency for any striking object to be diverted without great danger of impairment of the fastening.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. '7 and 8, the compressed wood shim 6 is anchored against shifting over the surface of `the tie plate by means of slight, transversely extending indentations or recesses indicated at 28 formed in the tie plate surface and into which portions of the shim are pressed when the shim is subjected to the compressive force of applied loads incident Ato trains passing over the supported rail.

. In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive,` the tie plate may be rolled in the conventional manner, which is most desirable because of its economy, but the fastening clips probably cannot be completed by'rolling operations because of the required lug and spike head formations. vSuch clips will probably require additional machining or punching, or they may be made by casting or forging operations.

In Figs. and 11, there is illustrated an arrangement in which both the tie plate and clip may be formed in' conventional rolling operations and in which the clips are anchored to the tie plate by means of undercut openings and tongues, in a manner differing slightly from that I shown in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.

the clip cannot be separated from the plate by vertical movement.

For locking the clip against displacement, the clip is provided with a spike-receiving aperture which registers with a corresponding opening in the plate, and a cut or screw spike such as shownl at 24 may be driven into the tie through such registering openings.

It should be observed that the lug 29 of the clip and the spike 24 are in diverging relationship, forming a wedging lock or cotter-key anchorage for preventing displacement of the clip. 'Ihe spacing and positioning of both the lug and spike may of course be varied-and in fact, the spike may be caused to extend through a portion of the lug so that there is no space between said parts, while still retaining the cutter-key or expanded bolt locking action just explained. lThe lug may be of any desired depth and thickness so as to either partially or whollyll the plate opening which receivesthe lug, and it may be observed that some strength advantage is gained by replacing as much as practicably possible of the punched out -metal of the plate with the metal of the lug.A

To assist the spike 24 in holding the clip 'against outward lateral movement, the end portion of the plate may be provided with an upwardly extending shoulder 3| which engages the rear edge of the clip body. Such a shoulder for preventing outward lateral movement of the clip may, of course, be employed with the forms of structure shown in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.-

It will be observed that `the shoulder or boss 3| serves to cooperate with the spike to resist lateral movement of the clip and thereby -protects the spike against shearing action by the clip and tie plate as an incident to the sources which tend to .effect vlateral movement ofthe clip relative to the` tie plate. Such lateral clip movement is of course also resisted by engagev ment of the outer face of the lug 29 with the outer wall of the opening 30.

' or like fastening is subjected to a minimum of shearing action. f

To avoid possible excessive weakening of the plate, the lug 29 may. be made somewhat shorter than the full width of the clip and the opening 30 in the plate is of corresponding limited length. The same consideration suggests the use of relatively short interlocking shoulders and openings clusive, but itV will be apparent that if desi-red,

' clip body.

in the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 inthe side to side length of the lug may be made the 'same as the 'Ihevclip structure shown in Figs. 10 and 11 is provided with ashoulder portion39 which constitutes, in effect, a continuationy or extension of the rail engaging shoulder 40 of the tie plate. This arrangement facilitates the use of a lower tie plate shoulder with consequent metal saving, while still providing for freedom of wave motion lof the rail or anchorage thereagainst. This clip shoulder arrangement for permitting normal wave motion of the rail, while employing a tie plate shoulder of only normal height, is more' fully disclosed in my Patent No. 1,902,615, and

it may of course be embodied in the other clip forms herein described.

In the form of construction shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the clip is securely locked to the plate against lifting forces which would tend to lift the plate bodily in a vertical direction.

THowevenras a practical matter, normal lifting Hence, the spike side to side dimensional' the forces are applied against the underside of the lip 32 while the outer or body portion of the clip is held down by the spike 24 or other fastening means. Hence in actual operation, the lip end of the clip is urged to rock upwardly about an axis disposed adjacent the outer end portion of the clip.

'Ihe said upward rocking movement of the lip end of the clip causes the lip-end side of the lug to move upwardly in a more or less arcuate path of movement and into engagement with the corresponding side of the lug receiving opening in 'the plate, thereby to resist such upward rocking movement and displacement of the clip.

The illustrated angular disposition of said side of the lug and corresponding wall of the opening enhances the positiveness of said engagement but a lesser angle of inclination or any angular disposition of the lug to the clip body, and complementary disposition of the hole in the tie plate,l

vclip structure itself may Vbe conveniently rolled in long strips which are subsequently punched' for spikes and sheared to form separate clips of the desired width. In cases where the lugs 29 are to be of less width than the clip body, suitable punching or other cutting operations may be employed for removing end portions of the lug to leave a centered lug of the desired width and substan tially as shown in Fig. 11. However, it may also be possible to roll the strip with centered lugs, certain practical considerations such as cutting of the strip into separate lugs having a material bearing on the advisability and practicability of rolling such centered lugs. In other, probably most, instances, the lug may be of the same width as the clip body so that the only necessary operations in addition to the rolling of the strips, are the common ones of spike hole punching and vshearing the strips into appropriate lengths or clip Widths. l

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 12, one side of the rail base flange is disposed under a bent over portion 34 of a shoulder 35 which is formed integral with the tie plate I and a clip 1 isinterlock-ed with the tie plate through the agency of a lug or shoulder portion 36'which underlies an outwardly bent portion 31 of a shoulder 38 which is also formed integrally with the tie plate. This construction involves more diilicult tie plate forming operations, especially in respect of the bending or4 rollingl over of the shoulders 35 andl 39, but in other respects, it embodies some of the 'advantages above pointed o-ut, especially in connection with Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.

'projecting upwardly and formed integral with the tie plate. Such minor rib formations may be spaced transversely of the plate at any suitable distances and they will of course penetrate ther 75 vertical displacement of the clip relative to the amasar shim incident tothe pressing down of the shim on the tie plate under passing trains. In Fig. 12,v the shim 6 is shown as being anchored to the tie plate by means of transversely extending rows of minor recesses such as shown in Figs. 'l and 8. The recesses may be arranged either in transverse or staggered relationship, preferably the latter.

Otherchanges and modifications of the structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which should be determined by reference to the following claims, the same being construed as broadly as possible consistent with vthe state of the art.

I claim: l

1. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail abutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends and'provided with an undercut opening, a clip having a body portion seated on a portion of the tie plate outwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projecting inwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a rail when seated on' the tie plate, said clip having a shoulder portion constituting, in effect, a vertical extension of said tie plate shoulder and said lip extending into said overlying relation in upwardly spaced relation to such base flange, said clip having means integral therewith for entering said undercut opening to lock the clip` to the tie plate against vertical displacement, the plate and clip when assembled having registering openings for receiving a spike or the like for locking the clip to the tie to thereby prevent disengagement of said vertical locking means.

2. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail abutting shoulder provided with an undercut opening, anda clip having on its under side a tie plate shoulder engaging portion and a lug formed integrally with the clip for entering said undercut opening to form an interlocked connection with the tie plate to prevent tie plate, said clip also having a portion projecting beyond said shoulder and adapted to overlie a base flange portion of a rail seated on the tie plate to hold the rail in operative relation to the plate, said interlocked connection being in effect housed under the clip whereby the entrance of abrasive and corrosive elements to said interlocked connection is retarded.

3. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having'a rail abutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends, said shoulder being provided with an undercut opening extending transversely therethrough, a clip having a body portion seated .on said shoulder and on al portion of the tie plate outwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projecting inwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate, said clip having means integralv therewith for entering said undercut opening to lockthe clip to the tie plate against vertical displacement, said means constituting, in

effect, replacement of a major portion of the shoulder portion removed in the formation of said undercut opening, and means for holding the clip against lateral displacement to thereby prevent disengagement of said vertical locking means.-

4. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plateprovided with an undercut opening,v a: having a body portion seated on the'top sury clip face of an end portion of the tie plate and engaging said top surface adjacent said opening so as to obstruct access to said opening, said clip 'ing registering openings plate against lateral displacement having a lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate and having underlying, means integral therewith and disposed inwardly from all sides of the clip for entering said undercut opening to lock the clip to the tie plate against vertical displacement, the clip body serving, when the clip is locked to the plate, to substantially cover said lug and opening to thereby further obstruct access to said opening, thereby to resist the entrance of abrasive and corrosive agents into said opening, and relatively independent means for locking the clip to the tie plate against lateral displacement.

5. In a. rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate provided with a conventional rail thrust resisting shoulder and having an undercut opening, and a clip having a body portion shaped to substantially conform to the contour of said shoulder and the top of the adjacent end portion of the tie plate and having a lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate, said clip being seated on and supported by said shoulder and tie plate end portion, andA having underlying means inthe clip and plate to prevent vertical displacement of the clip from the plate, said plate and clip hav-v for receiving a spike or the like for locking the clip to the plate against lateral displacement to thereby prevent disengagement of said vertical locking means.

6. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate provided with a-conventional shoulder and having an undercut' opening, and a clip having a body portion shaped to substantially conform to the contour of said shoulder and the top of the adjacent end portion of the tie plate and having a lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate, said clip being seated on and supported by said shoulder and tie plate end portion, and having underlying means integral therewith for entering said undercut opening to lock the clip to the tie plate against vertical displacement', said underlying means constituting a replacement inl the plate of a major portion of the metal removed therefrom toform said opening, and clip having registering lopenings for receiving a spike or the like for locking the clip to the plate against lateral displacement lto thereby prevent disengagement of said vertical locking means.

'7. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail abutting shoulder intermediate its oppositey ends, a clip having portion seated on an end portion of` the plate outwardly'of said shoulder and a lip portion projecting inwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a rail seatedv on the plate,

-said plate having an inclined opening in said end portion, extending angularly. downwardly and towards said shoulder, said clip having depending means integral therewith for entering said inclined. opening" and`having an inclined portion `for cooperatingv with a wall portion of said inclined opening, said plate .end portion and said [clip also having registering openings aligned at a body the plate an angle to the inclination of said opening, and" relatively independent locking means extending through said registering openings and cooperating with said. depending means to form a cotterkey or expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacement of the clip.

8. In a rail fastening,

the combination of a tie 75 tion,

plate having a rail abutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends, a clip having a body portion seated on an end portion of the plate outwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projecting inwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the plate, said plate having an inclined opening in said end porextending angularly downwardly and towards said shoulder, and said clip having depending-means integral therewith for entering said inclined opening and having an inclined portion for cooperating with a wall portion of said inclined opening, said plate end portion and said clip also having registering openings aligned at an angle to the inclination of said opening, relatively independent locking means extending through said registering openings and cooperating with saidI depending means to form a cotterkey or expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacement of the clip, and means on the plate for engaging a portion of the clip to cooperate with said independent locking means to prevent -displacement of the clip and serving to protect said independent locking means against shearing tendency incident to forces tending to effect lateral movement of the clip relative to the plate.

9. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail abutting shoulder of substantially conventional proportions provided with an undercut opening, and a clip having on its under side a tie plate shoulder engaging portion and a lug formed integral with the clip for entering said undercut opening to form an inter-- locked connection with thevtie plateA toprevent vertical displacement of the clip relative to the tie plate, said lug and opening being interengageable by substantially horizontal movement of the clip towards said shoulder, said clip also having a portion projecting beyond said shoulder and adapted to overlie a base ange portion of a rail seated on the tie plateto etain the rail in operative relation to the plate, said Vlug andy undercut opening being of less width than the Width of the clip so that said interlocked connection is, in effect, housed under the clip to thereby resist entrance of abrasive and corrosive agents into said undercut opening.

10. In a rail fastening, a tie plate having a rail thrust resisting shoulder, a clip secured to an end'portion of said plate and having alip projecting beyond said shoulderto overlie the base ange of a rail seated on the plate, anda leaf spring having an end portion housed between said clip and tie plate for positioning the spring, and another portion-interposed between said lip and flange and yieldingly urging the latter to its seat on -the plate.

11. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail seat intermediate lts opposite ends, a clip having a body portion seatedon an end portion of the plate outwardly of said seatand a lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of a rail on said seat, said end portion of the plate/having an inclined opening extending angularly downwardly and t0- ward said seat, the clip having depending means entering said inclined opening and having an inclined portionv cooperating with a wall of the inclined opening, said. plate end portion and clip also having registering openings aligned at an angle to the inclination of said first opening andV ,separate therefrom, and relatively independent locking means extending through said registering openings and cooperating with said depending means to form a cotter-key or expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacement of the clip.

12. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a rail seat intermediate its opposite ends, a clip having a body portion seated on an end portion of the plate outwardly of said seat and a lip portion projecting inwardlyA for overlying the base flange of a rail on said seat, said end portion of the plate having an inclined opening extending angularly downwardly and toward said seat, the clip having depending means entering said inclined opening and having an inclined portion cooperating with a wall of the inclined opening, said plate end portion and `clip also having registering openings aligned at an angle to the inclination of said first opening and separate therefrom, relatively independent locking means extending through said registering openings and cooperating with said.

depending means to form an expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacement of the clip, and a shoulder on the plate for resisting side thrusts of said frail and engaging a portion of the clip to cooperate with said independent lock-l ing means to prevent displacement of the clip4 the shoulder serving to protect said locking means against the shearing action incident to forces tending to effect lateral movement of the clip relative to the plate.

13. In a rail fastening, a tie plate, a clip secured to an end portion of said plate and having a lip projecting toward the intermediate portion of the plate and adapted to overlie the base flange of a rail seated on the plate. and a leaf spring having an end portion clamped between the clip and tie plate for positioning theV clip, and another portion extending under the lip for yieldingly urging said base ange against ,its seat on the plate'.

14. In combination, Aa tie plate having a rail thrust-resisting shoulder, a rail seated on the plate and having a base iiange, a clip secured to an end portion of the plate and having a lip projecting beyond said shoulder to overlie the base flange of the rail, and a leaf spring having an end portion clamped between said shoulder and the base ange of the rail for positioning the spring, and another portion extending under the 4lip and yieldingly urging said base ilange against its seat on the plate.

15. In combination, a tie plate having a rail thrust-resisting shoulder, a rail seated on the plate and having a base flange, a clip secured to an end portion of the plate and having a lip pro- .ecting 'beyond said shoulder to overlie the base flange of the rail, and a leaf spring having a portion clamped between said clip and shoulder and another portion .clamped between said shoulder and base flange of the rail, the leaf 'spring' extending inwardly over the base flange and yieldirgl; urging the same against its seat on the p a y 16. A tie plate having a seat for a rail and a recess adapted to receive a portion of a leaf spring for yieldingly urging the base flange of the rail against its seat, the recess being so located that said portion of the spring is positioned Ktherein by the side of the rail base flange when clamped in said recess, the other end of the spring being adapted to yieldingly urge th'e base flange of said rail against its seat.

18. In a rail fastening, a tie plate having a rail seat and a rail abutting shoulder provided with an undercut opening in the side of the shoulder opposite said seat, and a clip seated on the tie plate and having a lug entering said undercut opening .to form an interlocked connection with l0 the tie plate to prevent vertical displacement of the clip relative to the tie plate, said clip also having a portion projecting beyond said shoulder and adapted to overlie the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate to hold the rail in operative relation to the plate, said interlocked oonnection being in effect housed under the clip whereby the entrance of abrasive and corrosive elements to said connection is retarded.

WILLIAM S. BOYCE,

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