US214088A - Improvement in manufacture of steel - Google Patents
Improvement in manufacture of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US214088A US214088A US214088DA US214088A US 214088 A US214088 A US 214088A US 214088D A US214088D A US 214088DA US 214088 A US214088 A US 214088A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- manufacture
- carbon
- iron
- blooms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001301 Spiegeleisen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000153282 Theope Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000499 pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/04—Manufacture of hearth-furnace steel, e.g. Siemens-Martin steel
Definitions
- My invention relates to a new method of manufacturing steel in what is commonly known as the open hearth -that is to say, in a Siemens or equivalent furnace-aud has for its principal object the production of high grades of steel, suitable for tools, &e., for which the more expensiye crucible steel is 110 ⁇ necessarily used.
- the method heretofore adopted in making steel in the ope'n'hearth, when using iron blooms, iron sponge, steel, or scraps, is to start with a east-metal hath, made with either pig-iron or apteisen, to which the wroughtiron blooms, scrap, &c., are added to decarburize, and finally apteisen or ferro-mauganese to reear'burize; but by said method it has heretofore been impossible to produce high grades of steel or to compete with good Euglish tool-steel.
- the carbon in boxes or canisters may be compressed or otherwise formed into a solid mass, or in some cases, though not.by preference, it may be charged loosely or in powdered form.
Description
UNITE "IA'IE S 'rnn'r Qr'ruon- OGDEN BOLTON, OF CANTON, OHIO.
iMPROVEIVlENT IN MANUFACTURE OF STEEL.
Speciiicutioni'ormmg part of Letters Patent No. 214,088, dated April 8, 1879; application filed November 12, 1878.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, OGDEN BOLTON, of Canton, in the county of Stark and StflilttnOf Ohio, have invented a new and usefuh-Improvemeut in the Manufacture of Steel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.
My invention relates to a new method of manufacturing steel in what is commonly known as the open hearth -that is to say, in a Siemens or equivalent furnace-aud has for its principal object the production of high grades of steel, suitable for tools, &e., for which the more expensiye crucible steel is 110\ necessarily used.
The method heretofore adopted in making steel in the ope'n'hearth, when using iron blooms, iron sponge, steel, or scraps, is to start with a east-metal hath, made with either pig-iron or spiegeleisen, to which the wroughtiron blooms, scrap, &c., are added to decarburize, and finally spiegeleisen or ferro-mauganese to reear'burize; but by said method it has heretofore been impossible to produce high grades of steel or to compete with good Euglish tool-steel.
I will now proceed to describe my inven tion, so that others skilled in the art to which its. ertainsmava )1 the same.
.steel into a ladle or equivalent vessel and add thereto spicgeleisen or term-manganese.
In practice I have found the following quantitles of carbon, iron, like, to produce good tool-steel, and therefore recite the same, but do not expect or intend to be limit-ed theretog. I take three hundred and fifty (350) pounds of carbon and pack it in wooden boxes, preferably about four feet long, one i'ootwide. and
one foot deep. These boxes so filledI charge into the furnace, placing them at the lowest or deepest part of the furnace, and on top thereof I charge eleven thousand pounds (11,000) (onehalf ton, more or less) of iron blooms. When the iron is all melted, I take out a sample and usually find the percentage of carbon to be about 1.50 per cent; and if the percentage of carbon is higher than I desire, I add more iron blooms to the bath until a proper test shows the percentage of carbon in the bath to be .05 per cent. higher than I require in the finished steel. I then tap the steel into the ladle, and as the steel is running out of the furnace I A d about one per cent. of form-manganese, allowing the lumps (if not previously melted) to drop into the running stream of steel, thus getting a thorough mixture.
It is not absolutely necessary to add the per cent. of form-manganese specified, as I find that I can run the steel made by the described process with but a trace of ferro-manganese,
u or practically none at all, and the less t'erro manganese isused the finer will be the steel.
In lieu of packing the carbon in boxes or canisters, it may be compressed or otherwise formed into a solid mass, or in some cases, though not.by preference, it may be charged loosely or in powdered form.
Steel made as specified will be found equal to good English tool-steel, and has been used successfully in the manufacture of nailcrs knives, lathe-too1 s, blaeksmiths tools, oil-well tools, and taps and dies.
For the commoner grades of steel cheap blooms can be used; and in making lower car hon-steel so much carbon will not be required to commence with, as 1.5 per cent. of carbon at the start will give about one percent. in the steel.
I am aware that in the manufacture of steel by the crucible process blooms have been reduced to shavings orsmall pieces and put in the meltiugpot, together with carbonaceous materjal and a flux oi lime, the whole being melted and poured as in manufacturing steel ,l'rom bar-iron, and do not :hereiu claim the sunny: bill,
Having thus described nry invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 18-
1. The method herein described for the mam ufaoture of steel by the open-hearth process, the same consisting in first charging the carbon on the bottom of the open hearth, and chargingthe blooms, iron sponge, or soft steel, or any part of them on top of the carbonawens matter previous to fusion, substantially he and for the purpose specified.
2. In the manufacture of steel by the open hearth process, first charging the carbon so] idified or packed in boxes or canisters on the bottom of the openhearth, and then charging the blooms iron sponge, or soft steel thereon, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
OGDEN BOLTON.
Witnesses:
ELI WAGNER, REGINALD Ii. BULLRY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US214088A true US214088A (en) | 1879-04-08 |
Family
ID=2283492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US214088D Expired - Lifetime US214088A (en) | Improvement in manufacture of steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US214088A (en) |
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0
- US US214088D patent/US214088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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