US212681A - Improvement in compound and process for crystallizing glass - Google Patents
Improvement in compound and process for crystallizing glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US212681A US212681A US212681DA US212681A US 212681 A US212681 A US 212681A US 212681D A US212681D A US 212681DA US 212681 A US212681 A US 212681A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- compound
- improvement
- over
- effects
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000000988 Bone and Bones Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005308 flint glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001510071 Pyrrhocoridae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/155—Halides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic System
Definitions
- my invention consists in a compound and process for crystallizin g the surface of glass, enameled ware, and other kindred surfaces by working on the surface of glass, whether it be plate, plain sheet, or colored, in the mass, flashed, enameled, or partially stained on one or both sides, and thereby producing certain new, ornamental, and useful effects in decoration, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.
- Transparent colors, silver, gold, &c. may also be added for mural decorations, panelings for furniture, &c. All the various effects may be produced on the same glass where defined spaces are controlled by design and. outline. Where a brilliant stony gem effect is required 2 a V 2H2,6SH
- Double crystalline may be made with the same process, and may be used when backed up with colors for architectural and other pur-- poses.
- the crystalline By adding glycerine and clay to the adhesive matter, and using it in a weaker form, the crystalline will be more soft in its effect.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OEEicE.
WILLIAM GIBSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
IMPROVEMENT lN COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR CRYSTALLIZING GLASS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 212,681, dated February 25, 1879; application filed November 26, 1878.
. tion thereof.
The nature of my invention consists in a compound and process for crystallizin g the surface of glass, enameled ware, and other kindred surfaces by working on the surface of glass, whether it be plate, plain sheet, or colored, in the mass, flashed, enameled, or partially stained on one or both sides, and thereby producing certain new, ornamental, and useful effects in decoration, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.
I will first describe the compound which I preferably use to obtain the best results.
I melt in a strong fire fifty parts of any ordinary flint or lead glass, twenty parts of silicious sand, ten parts litharge in scales, and ten parts calcined bones. This when properly melted is the material I have found best suited as the vehicle or flux by which the various effects can be produced. To three parts of this compound or mixture I add two parts, by measure, of calcined flint-powder. These being mixed are to be ground in water in various degrees of fineness, according to the effect desired.
I mix with a little milk as a binder for plain grounds, and over the whole surface of the glass I give a uniform coat, and then vitrify in the muffie or furnace in the usual manner known to glass-stainers; The sheets of glass thus coated are then heated in a tin oven or any safe way to prevent breakage, for the p urpose of expanding the particles of the material of the coating on the surface and the body of the glass itself as much as safety will admit of. After the glass has been thus heated the whole is to be coated with a strong solution of gelatine or any of the known hard and non-elastic vegetable gums or albumenized pastes. This being allowed to dry and harden is to be removed by heat in a gas-heated stove, or by any other safe or convenient method, thereby producing crystalline effect over the whole surface of the glass.
In place of the above I may add to the original compound one-fourth of a part of white oxide of tin, or the same quantity of purple oxide of cobalt or the oxides of chrome or of iron, and using gum-water instead of milk, and with this paint I cover such parts of the glass only as it is desired to crystalline, and remove with any of the coatings, as in the first process. By this I obtain clear glass and crystalline on the same glass, and in such quantity as it may be required.
The object of these additions to the original compound is that in many of the designs it may be desirable to leave certain portions of the ground on the glass; and such portions so left having a white, red, blue, or other tint, it becomes a great aid to the artist in giving a texture in his after-finish of leaves, vines, draperies, 850., and as one or all may be so used on the same glass gives a great command of facilities in producing effects.
Particular effects may be controlled with perfect certainty. For instance, when I want to producea stippled or granulated effect I apply any of the mixtures first described without first heating or expanding the glass just where this effect is desired, and as soon as covered, and while still wet, I place it in a moderately-heated oven and evaporate or dry quickly, increasing the heat so as to remove the material at one operation.
When it is desired to produce large flakes or fern-leaf effects, I, after coating the glass.
with any of the above-described mixtures, use real leaves themselves, or out forms in paper, or use pieces of string, open-figured lace, or any of the many kindred substances that will suggest themselves to the artist in forming his design. These, after having been placed as taste may suggest on the glass with one or more of the adhesive mixtures, are to be coated over in whole or in part with one or more coats, thus leaving the glass coated in uneven thickness, and being allowed to harden and to be removed by heat, as before described.
Transparent colors, silver, gold, &c., may also be added for mural decorations, panelings for furniture, &c. All the various effects may be produced on the same glass where defined spaces are controlled by design and. outline. Where a brilliant stony gem effect is required 2 a V 2H2,6SH
a piece of paper embedded in the mass of any of the adhesive matters, and made strong and of irregular thickness, will give results which, although brilliant, have a rounded and not a sharp prismatic effect. Again, by coating the glass with the adhesive mixture in which has been mixed a small proportion of glycerine together with some foreign material, such as clay, whiting, fullers earth, or their equivalents, and embedding a sheet of paper or thin muslin over the surface of glass in this paste mixture on its removal by heat, as before decribed, the prism flakes assume a great size and brilliancy, and are valuable for glass stainers as a new surface for picture effects.
When it is desired to produce effects which, to the artist, will suggest shells, worms, .and insects along with the vegetation, I apply the adhesive mixture with a small brush, or from a syringe forming convolutions or spiral lines of different thicknesses. This should be done with a very strong material, and being allowed to dry is again coated over the whole surface, with the pasty mass made thinner and weaker by the additionof a little water. The object of this is to have the glass coated over with kindred substances, weak over strong, or strong over weak, which being removed by heat, as before, will insure the desired effects.
.VVhen it is desired to produce a brilliant uniform,'but not flaky or prismatic, effect equally over the whole surface, I use first a uniform thickness of the adhesive paste, which being dried and removed is to be again coated uniformly all over, as before, and again removed by heat. I
Double crystalline may be made with the same process, and may be used when backed up with colors for architectural and other pur-- poses.
By adding glycerine and clay to the adhesive matter, and using it in a weaker form, the crystalline will be more soft in its effect.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. As a preliminary step'to the production on glass of the various effects herein described, the compound or flux formed by melting together flint or lead glass, silicious sand, litharge in scales, and calcined bones, or their equivalents, in or about the proportions set forth.
2. In combination with a flux, substantially as described, calcined flint-powder and milk, when mixed and applied substantially as set forth.
3. The process, substantially as herein described, of erystallizing the whole or part of the surface of glass by coating the desired surface with the compound described and vitrifying in the muffle, then heating the glass, and then coating with a non-elastic paste, which, when dry, is removed by heat, all substantially as herein set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
- WILLIAM GIBSON.
Witnesses: I
SPENCER 0. Dow,
WALTER W. GIBsoN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US212681A true US212681A (en) | 1879-02-25 |
Family
ID=2282087
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US212681D Expired - Lifetime US212681A (en) | Improvement in compound and process for crystallizing glass |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US212681A (en) |
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0
- US US212681D patent/US212681A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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