US2113466A

US2113466A - Ship form

Info

Publication number: US2113466A
Application number: US67605A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kloess Hans Karl
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1935-12-17
Filing date: 1936-03-07
Publication date: 1938-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 1955-04-05

Description

April 5, 1938. H. K. KLoEss 2,113,465

' SHIP FORM 'Filed March 7, `1936 3 sheets-sheet .1L

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April 5, 1938.- H K KLQl-:SS 2,113,466

- SHIP FORM Filed March 7, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 IIIII [Wren/0f:

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April 5, 1938. n H. KKLQESSI `2,113,466

SHIP FORM Filed March 7, 1956 sheets-sheet 5 Patented Apr. 5, 1 938 UNIT ED `STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 7,

1936, serial No. 67,605

In Germany December 17, 1935 4 Claims.

My invention relates to `ships and their .construction. The subject-matter of the present invention deals with a ship form ,known as the Maier vform as shown for .example in Patents 1,729,446 and 1,737,886, and ismore particularly concerned with the part of the hull -above the water line as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in various embodiments.

Fig. l is a bow elevation of a ships form according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the curve connecting the centers of areas of the half waterline surfaces of a form according to the invention in Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 to 6 and 7 to 9 each inclusive are respectively views of diierent embodiments of the invention the figures each taken in manner set forth for Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive.

Fig. 10 is a diagram of the curve connecting the centers of areas of half waterline surfaces of a Maier form of ships hull.

As is known a Maier form bow has an approximately triangular beam cross-section in combination with an obliquely rising stem contour as, for example, shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of Patent 1,729,446. 'I'hus the Maier form bow is formed of two obliquely disposed straight, or more or less curved, surfaces coming together at an oblique angle in the stem line and the point entry of the stem on the water line characteristic of the Maier form is achieved. These properties of the Maier form are shown particularly clearly by the curve of the connecting lines of the centres of area of the half water line surfaces as illustrated in Figure 10.

Practical experiences and theoretical investigatons have demonstrated the fact that the known great advantages of the Maier form are due in a considerable measure to the fact that in consequence of the uniform and continuous increase of the displacement in the part of the ship above water line, as shown clearly by Figure 10; the downward movements of the forepeak in rough weather are strongly braked. The centre point of the pitching movements of the Maier form ship in comparison with the so-called normal form ships is moved further toward the stern which gives a steadier position of the stern, which in turn results in a better operation of the driving arrangements in rough weather.

These discoveries form the basis of the present invention, which sets out to solve the problem of improvingthe behaviour of any desired bow construction in heavy weather.

According to my invention I accomplish this by forming vthe lines joining the centres of area of the half water lines from the region of the load water line upwards according to the shape of the line of Acentres ofnarea Yof the Maier Aform shown in Figurejlll, while inthe part below'the water line the curve of these lines of centres of area remains substantially that determined by the cross-section construction of the ship used in the under-water part. Thereby the fore-part of the ship in the range of the intersection of the front stem-line with the construction water line will be given a V-shape, the frames being either straight or slightly curved, whereas the other frame-portions of the forepart of the ship above the water line, for a certain length both toward the bow and toward midships, are disposed substantially parallel with the frames of the V-section. Thus the advantages of any desired under-water shapes of ships achieved in the smooth water of the experimental tank can be maintained in rough weather without substantial reduction because the pitching movements of such a ship are considerably braked by the additional displacement according to the Maier form given to the part of the ship above the water line.

In Figures 1 and 2 the known form of 'a bulging bow ship is indicated by the dotted lines, while the full lines show the shape of the forward part of the ship according to this invention.

Figure 3 sho-ws how the new ship form is developed. The dotted line in Figure 3 represents the line of centres of area of a normal bulge bow ship. This line, according to the present invention, is deflected below the water line from its normal shape so that in the region of the load line it has an inclination in which a tangent drawn to it here encloses an angle of at most 70, or less, with the horizontal. This shape of the line of centres of area should be maintained as far as possible for the whole height of the hull up to the highest point of the deck or fore-castle.

A ship thus constructed combines the characteristic properties of a bulge bow ship with the advantageous properties of a Maier form ship in rough weather. While many bulge bow forms not only lose in rough weather the gain achieved in smooth water because of a reduced resistance but often even behave worse than a normal ship, by the present invention I achieve the result that bulge bow ships retain even in rough weather their advantageous properties, in particular with respect to their reduced resistance.

Figures 4 to 6 show that in the same way the properties of a normal ship having vertical crosssectons below the Water line can be improved according to this invention by a corresponding construction of the above water portion of the fore part. In these iigures also the dotted lines show the normal form, while the full lines in Figures 4 and 6 show the modified construction embodying the present invention.

Figures 7 to 9 show a fore part in which the setting of the cross-sections is determined by the direction of radii from a common centre P below the keel line of the cross-section as shown in Figure 7. Here again the full lines show the construction of the part of the ships form above the water embodying the present invention.

The present invention makes it possible to combine to a great extent in a single form all the advantages determined hitherto by scientific measurements and by observations in practice in different ship forms.

What I claim is: K

1. In the construction of the fore-part of a ships hull above the water line, in combination with the slanting r'o'n't stem, frame sections of V-shape starting from the intersection of the slanting front stem line with the water-line, said frame-sections throughout a portion of the fore-part both toward the bow and toward midships being disposed parallel with the substantially straight frames within the range of said V-shaped frame sections, a tangent drawn upwards from the bottom line to the line connecting the centres of area of the half water lines enclosing in the neighborhood of the load line with the Water line an angle of about 70, While the line connecting the centres of area maintains its inclination over a material portion of the height of the fore-part above the water line.

2. The construction as specified in claim 1, in which the portion of the fore-part below the water line is of the bulge-bow form.

3. The construction as specified in claim 1, in which the frame lines of the fore-part below the water line are substantially vertical.

4. The construction as speciiied in claim 1, in which the direction of the frame lines in the portion of the fore-part below the water-line is determined by radii from a point below the bottom line.

HANS KARL KLOESS.