US2112193A - Parallel motion tool - Google Patents

Description

J. w. GEDDES 2,112,193

PARALLEL MOTION TOOL Filed June 2, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 22, 1938. J. w. GEDDES 2,112,193

PARALLEL MOTION TOOL Filed June 2, 1936 2 Sheeis-Sheet 2 la'weaaam: Jbian/ W W,

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Patented Mar. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES 2,112,193 7 PARALLEL MOTION 'rooL John W. Geddes, Watertown, Mass; assignor to H. K. Porter, Inc.,' Everett, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application June '2, 1936, Serial No. 83,043

9 Claims.

This invention relates to tools and the object is to provide a particularly simple and compact tool having parallel operating working elements or jaws capable of engaging work objects of var- 5 ions sizes with great firmness. A major field of application is in the construction of a tool for service primarily as a wrench actuated to grasp the work by closure of the hand in grasping position but which also may be utilized as a pair of pliers or, when supported by the hand or other- Wise, for the purposes of a small vise. Advantages of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the illustrative embodiment thereof in a tool of'the type referred to shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the tool;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the head thereof with a part removed to disclose interior mechanism and partly broken away;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3--3'of Fig. 2 but with the part which is omitted in Fig. 2 replaced; and

Fig. 4 is a plan of the various parts. disassembled. 1

Referring to the drawings and first more particularly to Fig, 2, the form of tool shown comprises-a body from which'project jaws defining an open throat in which the piece of work is freely received and a handle portion projecting from the body in a generally opposite direction, the angle between the jaws and the handle portion being dependent upon the particular purpose for which the tool is intended.-

The body portion herein comprises a block 5, which may be a forging, fixed between side plates or cheeks l and 9, herein by means of the shouldered pin II and a central rivet l3, the position and additional function of which latter will here- 40 inafter be more fully described. The side plates may be further held in spaced position by the shouldered pin l5 adjacent the upper end of the body, viewing Fig. 2, and in their spaced position define a chamber within which at one side thereof the'block 5 is secured in fixed position. Herein the block 5 is integral with a handle I! projecting rigidly from the body and by which it may be supported. 1

Received within the chamber above the block 5 is a member H), the lower edge of which is formed as a rack and on one end of which is the jaw 2| which projects beyond the body adjacent the right-hand side, viewing Fig. 2. The member is guided for movement transversely of the body to permit inward adjustment of the jaw from the position of Fig. 2, herein being interlocked with the block 5 by means of the rib 23 on the latter entering the groove 25 on the former (Fig. 3). The member l9 and the jaw carried thereby are adjusted by means of a worm 21 meshing with the rack and journalled in block 5, the worm being accessible through the openings 29 and 3| in the side plates 1 and 9. Preferably, as best seen in Fig. 3, the worm does not project beyond the outer faces of these plates, thereby permitting the tool to be used in close quarters. The member I 9 is provided with the slot 33 passing the pin l5 and permitting the adjusting movement of the member relative to the pin.

In the form of the invention shown the journal pin 35 forthe worm is received in a counterbored hole in the block of the same diameter as the pin at the right-hand side, viewing Fig. 2. The rivet I3 traverses the opening and serves to retain the 9 journal pin against the shoulder 31. Whenthe rivet is removed, the journal pin can be driven out by meansof a tool inserted through the open;- ing 39. 7

Mounted between the side plates side by side with the member I9 is a'member 39 which may 'rest on'the upper surface of block-5: to slide thereon, being retained in position by the pin l5 which works in the slot 4| formed in the member 39. The end of the member 39 opposite the jaw 2| is provided with a jaw 43 opposing jaw 2!. The other end has a depending ear 45 extending between the two side plates within thechamber to the right of the block 5, viewing Fig. 2. Between the end of the ear and the lower portion of the block 5 the chamber receives'the toggle links 41' and 49 disposed within the perimeters of the side plates and housed within the chamber beneath the two members l9 and39. The link 41 is pivoted to the fixed pin II. The two links are connected by a pivot 5| working between the two side plates while the other end of the link 49 is pivotally connected to the lower end of ear 45 by means of the pivot sleeve or bushing 53, the ends of which work in slots in the two side plates and which is retained in'position by the rivet 57 headed over on washer plates 58 of greater diameter than the width of the slots 55, as best seen in Fig. 1.

To operate the toggle the link 49 may be formed as a bell crank with a long arm 59 projecting from the body of the tool and forming an operating handle, herein opposing handle I! to be operated in connection therewith as are the handles of pliers or tongs. The arrangement is such that the tOggle 41-49 can be thrown over center, as indicated by the line of centers in Fig. 2, and may come to a stop in this position against a portion of the fixed block 5.

The tool in the form shown adapts itself to four principal methods of manipulation:-

Positive grip. In this case the handles may be held loosely with the toggle broken and the jaws adjusted by means of the worm 21 so that they just lightly engage with the sides of the work. Handle 59 may then be operated. As the toggle straightens, the work will be gripped withtremendous force, and when the toggle'passes over center to the position of Fig.-; 2, the jaws will be locked on the work. Itais' then:impossible for the jaws to spread and release the work and no effort of the hand is requiredto maintain the tool in operative relation to the work. In fact, the tool when thus closed may be entirely released bythe hand and will be in a self-maintaining position.

Plier action. The adjustment of thejaws by means of the worm' is suchthat the toggle cannot bethrown past center. A very powerful grip may be exerted by means of thetoggle, but a release of pressure on handle 59 will permit the jaws to be moved freely apart. The tool can then be used-inthe manner of a ratchet wrench grasping flats of a nut,-for instance, and then when the grasp of the-handis released, rotating relatively to the work, thejaws spreading automatically as they pass the corners, after which a new grasp is takenon adjacent'fiats. The tool shown when operated in this manner has the utility of a pair of pliers with the added advantage of the parallel jaw feature. Moreover, as contrasted with the more usual 'formof parallel jaw pliers. the mechanical advantage increases rather than decreases as thejaws are moved together.

In a third method or operation the toggle may be thrown over center and'the two handles held by thehand. The jaw 43 is held immovable by thetoggle and =jaw'=2l may then be adjusted to the work by means of the worm in the manner of an'ordinary adjustableend-wrench to fit the work without substantial clasping'pressure.

A fourth method of use'permits the power of thetoggle to be exerted through a long distance by a recurrentstroke. Thepowerfulpressure of the toggle is first exerted. The toggle is then broken and adjustment made by the worm to compensate for the deformation of the work effected by such pressure.

A second stroke may then be made, and so on.

The'tool is compact, free of projecting parts which would interfere with its convenient use under the various-conditions of use and the va 'rious' elements are simple in construction and readily assembled.

I am aware that the invention may be embodied in otherspecific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and I therefore desire the present embodiment to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive; reference being had to the appended claims 'rather than to the foregoing descriptionto indicate the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. A tool of the class described'comprising a handle lever havinga head, a pair of side plates secured to the head, a member received between the plates and mounted for linear sliding movement, means carried by the head for adjustably positioning said member relative thereto, a second member between the side plates guided on the head and movable side by side with the first,

v the plates and mounted for linear sliding movement, means carried by the head for adjustably positioning said member relative thereto, a second member between the side plates guided on the head and movable side by side with the first, the membershaving opposed jaws projecting beyond the side plates, said members being slotted, a pin between the plates passing through the slots, a second .handle lever pivoted between the side plates and opposing the first to provide for manual operation of the same in'the' manner of pliers or tongs, and atoggle operable by the levers interposed between the head and the second memher.

3. A tool of the class described comprising a handle lever having a head, a pair of side plates, means securing said side plates to the head, a member received between the plates mounted for linearsliding movement-and formed with a rack, the head having a counterbored opening, a journal received in the opening, a worm on the journal-meshing with the rack, the aforesaid securing means including a pin across the opening to retain the journal, a second member between the side'plates'guide'd on the head and movable side by sidewith the first, the members having opposed jaws projecting beyond the side plates, a second handle lever pivoted between the side plates and opposing-the first to provide for manual operation of the same in the manner of pliers ortongs, and a toggleoperable by the levers interposed between the .head and the second memher.

.4. A parallelmotio'n tool comprising a body having a pair of spaced cheeks, a member slidably received'between said cheeks having a jaw projectingladjacent one side of the" body, a screw adjusting means substantially received within the perimeters of said cheeks but accessible for operation from the exteriorof the body for moving the jaw transversely to said side, a second member between the cheeks and guided for movement therebetween transversely to said side and having adjacent the opposite sidea cooperating jaw opposing the first to provide an unobstructed throat therebetweenfor application to the work and corresponding to an end of the body transverse to said sides, a toggle disposed between said cheeks at the side of said members remote from the said end of the body, and a handle projecting from the body for operating the toggle to close the said cooperating jaw on the work by movement of the same toward the previously adjusted jaw first mentioned.

5. A parallel motion tool comprising a pair of side plates secured together in spaced relation, a block fixed in position between the side plates, a member slidable on the block, screw means for adjusting the member and block, a companion member extending beside the first, jaws carried by the members projecting beyond the side plates, a toggle between the block and second member for operating the jaws, and a handle lever project- .ing beyond the side plates for operating the toggle.

6. A tool as described in claim 5 wherein the means for securing together the side plates comprises a pin securing the block and a pivot for the handle lever, said pin and pivot providing centers for the toggle and extending through said plates, the plates being suitably slotted to permit movement of the toggle relative to the same.

7. A tool of the class described comprising a block having a counterbored opening therein, a journal in the opening, a worm on the journal, a jaw-carrying member slidably interlocked with the block and having a rack meshing with the worm, an opposed jaw, side plates holding the block, member and opposed jaw and beyond which the jaws project, and means for retaining the plates in position comprising a pin crossing the opening to retain the journal therein.

8. A tool of the class described comprising a pair of members, each of which has a jaw ex- 7 tending from an edge thereof, the two jaws opposing one another, sides of the members transverse to said edges lying in face to face relation for relative sliding movement in the lengthwise direction of said edges, a support relatively to which one of the members has adjustment in said direction, an ear on the other member, a toggle disposed along the opposite edges of said members and having the distal ends of its arms pivotally connected respectively to the support and to the ear, and a handle lever operatively associated with the toggle.

9. A tool of the class described comprising a pair of members, each of which has a jaw extending from an edge thereof, the two jaws opposing'one another, sides of the members transverse to said edges lying in face to face relation for relative sliding movement in the lengthwise direction of said edges, a handle lever having a head on which one of the members has adjustment in said direction, an ear on the other member, a toggle disposed along the opposite edges of said members and having the distal ends of its arms pivotally connected respectively to the support and to the ear, a second handle lever opposed to the other manually operated therewith in the manner of pliers or tongs, and sides between the jaws and the distal ends of the levers housing said parts JOHN W.GEDDES.

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