US2110851A - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Description

March 8, 1938. E. B. SYMONS IMPACT CRUSHER Filed Feb. 10, 19:54

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 1322/672502 r3. fiy/rzwas' M M March 8, 1938. E. B. sYMoNs 2,110,851

IMPACT CRUSHER Filed Feb. 10, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Y Infezzfar Patented are 1938 PAT NT; OFFICE.

2,110,851 mrAc'r causnna Edgar B. Symons,

Hollywood, Calif., assignor 'to Nordberg Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee. Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application February 10, 1934, Serial No. 116,592

2 Claims. My invention relates to crushing machinery and has for purpose the provision of a new crushing mechanism, operating on a new .principle and effecting a crushing or breaking down of larger .particles to particles of small size with a minimum use o speed and Feffectiveness. Another object is the T provision of a novel impact crusher, whereby material moved along a given course, for example -by gravity, is caused to take a substantially instantaneous change of direction by impact. It may thereafter be arrested or caused to take a second change of direction bya further impact,

' giving two stages of reduction at a single operation. Other'obiects will appear from time t5 time in'the course of the specification and claims. 1 The present application illustrates a structure adapted for the practice of the process described and claimed in my co -pending applicatiori, Ser. No. 710,591, filed February 10, 1934..

' I illustrate myinvention more or less diagram- :natically' in the accompanying drawings, where- 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the device;

Figure 2 is a plan view;

Figure 3' is a vertical section through the im- ,pact portion of thedevice;

, Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 v. of F su e Figure'dis a section on the line 5-5 of-"Flg ure 3;

Figure 6 is a section on the line 8-6 0! F18- ure 3. I

throughout the specification and drawings. Referring to, the drawings, I show a mechanism embodying my invention. 1 illustrate generallya device for elevating material, by conveyors or the like, for afree gravital drop. It

will be understood, however, that the propulsion 1 of the material into'the impact zone, preferably obtained by a freegravital drop, may be obtained by other methods or means. of propulsion.

Referring to the drawings in detail,.A generally indicates any suitable bin or source of supply of the material to becrushed. This indication is intended to be diagrammatic, and material from 50 delivered to the device without the intermediary or a bin. For purpose of illustration, however,

I illustrate thebin A and adischarge chute or spout A with associated forwardly extending 55 side guide walls A. A illustrates any suitable f power and a maximum crushing Like parts are indicated by. like symbolsv another conveyor, mine car or the like might be conveying means for elevating the material to be dropped and crushed. I illustrate it as an endless conveyor passing about a lower pulley A and an upper pulley Afiwhich may if desired be driven through the drive pulley A with its belt 5 *A' extending to any suitable power source. It

will be understood that in this form of my de-, vice, material discharged to the conveyor A willmove in the direction of the arrows upwardly along the conveyor A in re'sponse-to the move- 10 ment of the conveyor through its closed path. The side walls A serve to prevent any side escape -of the material adiacentthe point of delivery from the" spout A p As the material passes upwardly along the 15 conveyor A? it is eventually discharged when the conveyor passes about the pulley A and drops down the vertical guide passage B. Assuming that a mass of mixed material is discharged down the passage 3, with dust, fines 20 and the'like mixed in, it may be advantageous, in order to prevent waste or crushing power, to remove some of the fines. I may eflect this by any suitable screening along the path of the conveyor A but find a practical solution to be the pro- 5 vision of air inlet and outlet, apertures in the passage B, whereby a blast 'of air may be blown across thepassage, transversely of the path of drop of the material. This blast of air will carry ofl. a substantial proportion of the dust or fines. 30 Iillustrate therefore, an inlet passage B outlet passagesZB and air propelling means B where- 'by the fine material may becarried oil. It will be understood, of course, that such passages are screened as at B" or provided with mesh of such 35 size that the particles desired to be crushed can- 'not escape. The use of this preliminary air cleaning in many circumstances is helpful but the crushing method may be used without it.

Assume that the material to be crushed has 40 been dropped bythe conveyor or by any other suitable means into the top of the passage B, andthat it is falling downwardly through said passage. It will be understood that the passage 3 may be' of such length that the material, if dropped on a fixed surface or anvil, would be moving fast enough to be crushed by the impact of its gravity accelerated drop. However, I obtain a more emcient-crushing action by employing one or more impact faces E", the speed of movement and the angle of which, in relation to the drop of the particles, along the passage B, is such as to cause 'animmediate stoppage and change of direction of the individual particles. This '55 a moving impact member provided with impact surface, which would otherwise be very great, and causes a re-direction of the particles as shown in Figure 3, along a new direction of travel, at the end of which the particles may again be arrested by a second crushing impact against the plates G. It will be understood that whereas preferably the speed of the particles as they move along the passage B is sufficient to cause their crushing or separation upon impact, I may rely only partially or in some circumstances little or notat all, upon the actual drop of the material and, by speeding up the impact member, may obtain a crushing operation by the rotation of the impact member through the falling stream of particles. It will'be understood,

however, that in the form shown in the present drawings the passage B may illustratively beconsidered to be of sufilcientheight to impart to the particles a velocity sufliclent to cause their crushing in response to a stoppage at the end of their fall. The stoppage and change of direction causes a very substantial crushing or reduction in size of the particles and the reducedparticles aredirected in a stream against the second impact member (3*, where they receive a second impact, and thus are subjected to two stages of reduction in immediate succession.

In the use of my device, thehigh gravity spout l'or chute B is an important factor, as it imparts to the falling particles a gravital .speed or acceleration sufiicient to carry substantially all of the falling particles into the path of the impact members E". The height of the chute B is so related to the peripheral spacing of the members E" and to the speed of rotation of the rotor, that all or substantially all of the particles are contacted by a full face impact, which prevents, or reduces to a minimum, the glancing j blows against the upper edge of the impact members E", which would otherwise prevent the substantially instantaneous and complete change of directlon described elsewhere herein and diagram-' matlcally illustrated by the arrows and the stream of particles shown in Figure 3.

Referring to the specific structure for obtain ing this result, I provide a housing generally indicated as C, which includes the lb! portion the rear wall 0", the forward wall 0?, and

side walls 0*. C indicates any suitablelower discharge chute which has an inclined wallC and if desired an intermediate inclined-wall C".

The housing C may be fixed upon any'suitable foundation D, as shown in Figure 5, and adjacent the housing are bases or supports D for any suitable bearing systems D in which rotate .the ends D of the shaft D. v D is a drive pulley for the shaft D which may be in communication with any suitable power source. I- illus-' trate, for example, in Figure 2, the belt D and the motor D" with its drive pulley It will be understood that the shaft D" may be rotated, at a desirable speed or speeds, by the actuation of the motor D". In order to minimize wear of the bearings and undue strain of the shaft and rotor. I have illustrated in Figure 5 the bearing members D' as being cushioned in rubber sleeves D mounted in split bearing housings D". Rotating with and keyed upon the shaft D is the rotorhub D". Extending around it ish circular flange D connected to it by the web D1 Outwardly extending from the rim D are a pluin relation to the direction of rotation of the rim D or the transverse ribs D and smaller 2,110,851 reduces to a minimum friction or abrasion of the rotor. They may be strengthened by intermediate ribs D which appear in Figures 3 and 6.

Secured to opposite sides of the rim D and the transverse ribs D are the side rings inbolts E pass through the tie plates E and the adjoining free end of one of the ring sections E, and are connected at their inner ends with interior wear plates E". as shown for example in Figure 6. The impact plate or'plates proper, in-

dicated as E", rest on the forward inclined faces of the transverse ribs D .Each plate has, a laterally extending lug E" at each side', which lugs are seated in corresponding slots E in the side plates or rings E. In orderto hold the wear plates in place I provide wedges E which slide between the opposed edgesof the side ring E as shown'for example in Figures 3 and 6. There is a cam or wedge surface]! against which a corresponding face of the wedge E rides, and a tightening bolt or stem E is provided which may be drawn inwardly as by a nut E the pin E". passing through a boss E integral with the flanged)". It will be understood that tightening up on thebolt E will draw the wedge E inwardlyalong the wedge surface E and cause the opposite side of the wedge E to lock against the lug ll: of the impact plate E". Not only is the impact plate thus firmly locked, but it is also easily removable for replacement or change. For example, the worn plate may be removed or the angle of the plate may be varied by putting in In order to prevent material from packing in outside of the side plate or ring members E, I

provide a circular flange E= extending inwardly from each side wall 0* of the housing. This structurn will be clear for example from Figure 5.

In order to provide ready access to the interior of the device I may have one or more removable walls, covers or the like. I illustrate for example, in Figure 3, the side wall portion E and top wall portion E, which is hinged as at E for ready removal as indicated in dotted lines.

It will be understood that as the material is dropped down the passage 13 and is engaged by the impact faces E", it is caused to move generally laterally in the direction of the arrows as shown 4 in Figure 3.- The particles so delivered are initially crushed at the instant-oi impact and these smaller particles are delivered laterally at high I velocity. I provide an additional breaker platestructure, generally indicated asG, for receiving this high velocity delivery of the smaller particles and for imparting to them; by impact of stoppage, afurther crushing or grinding eil'ect. In practiee if the material is delivered in sumcient vol nine and sumciently steadily down the passage 3, the smaller particles will be delivered against the breaker plate structure G at such a speed as to build up something of a mass of material on the fdrward face of the breaker plate, and the smaller particles will tend to strike this mass of material,

causing a very substantial grinding action of particle against particle as well as of impact against :the plate proper. In order to effect this result I provide an arcuate supporting wall structure G herein shown as of two angular members G hinged as at G for ready removal, cleaning or the like. It is normally held fixed as by the bolts Gr one end passing through angles G on the housing side wall Thestructure G includes an upper angle C: through which the bolts Ci pass, and which is in connection ,with the frame proper G The impact plates proper (3 of which two are shown, are bolted to the angle or frame members G for ready removability. It

will be noted that the contour of the plate (3 is generally arcuate, the purpose being to insure that there will be an immediate and complete stoppage of the material received by the plate and no glancing or angular blow. The speed of the rotor is such that all of the material impacted I is caught by the impact faces proper EL However, this material, owing to the speed of rota tion, is delivered through somewhat varying paths and the impact plates G are' curved so that no matter what angle the material may take in relation to its previous travel down the passageB, it

' Thus every particle dropped down the passage B.

will take a path susbtantially vertical to" the opposed portion of the impact plates. In effect the impact plates define an arc the center of which is the face of the rotor impact plate E when it is aligned verticallywith the passage B. It will be further understood that as one of .the impact plates E" passes beyond the line of drop of the material along the passage B another impact. plate crosses the stream before any of the material can drop far enough to engage thefiange D is actually caught by one of the impact'plates E and is thereby crushed by impact, and the crushed particles are thereby projected against the fixed impact plates Gr for a further crushing and grinding against the plate G and the mass of material on its surface. In other words, one charge of material delivered by an impact plate does not have a chance to drop away from the face of the plate (3 before the next charge engages it.

All of the material separated drops down across the inclined surfaces C or C' and thus passes from the crusher. Under many circumstances I find it desirable to employ this crusher in closed circuit, to screen out the finer material produced by the crushing operation and to return the oversize for a further crushing. This may be done by a variety of suitable mechanisms and for purpose of illustration, I illustrate but one. I may employ the endless conveyor H passing about the lower pulley H and the upper pulley H It may be driven for example from the motor H through the belt H and the drive pulley H pinion H and the gear H". The material delivered from the crusher, in the form of the device shown in Figures 1 and 2, is picked up by the belt H and carlied to a distribution member 1-! whence by chutes H H it may be delivered to screens H H". The oversize from these screens is delivered by discharge chutes H H to the up-conveyor A. The screened material may be delivered to a different conveyor H and thus escape from the crushing circuit.

It will be realized that whereas I have described and shown a practical and operative device em bodying my new crushing mechanism, neverthe-. less I wish the descriptionand drawings herein to be taken as in a real sense illustrative and dia grammatic, rather than as limiting me to the specific mechanism herein shown. ,Many changes may be made in size, shape, number, and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of be employed for separating fines or undersize particles from the material to be crushed. Whereas I have illustrated an impact member of great efliciency, I do not wish to be limited to this precise impact member and. it will be understood that great changes may-be made in size, shape andalso in speed of the impact member.

The use and operation ofv my invention are as follows:

Most broadly stated my apparatus has forpurpose to break by impact, particles which are directed or fall into the impact zone, thereby causing the substantially instantaneous stoppage and change of direction of each' particle. In the em' stantaneous stoppage or change of direction of each particle.

Referring to Figure 3, the impact members iii are rotated across the path of falling particles and direct them againstthe impact plate G. Their speed of movement is sufiicient to effect a further reduction or breakage at that point.

The plate (3': is curved because they path of movement of the impact directed material from the member E varies in angle as the impact member moves through the falling stream. All-the material engages the impact plate G directly, and with no sliding or angling. This beingtrue of the engagement of the particles against E as well as G, abras. Jn or wear of the plate is reduced to .a minimum.- The rotation of the shaft D is at such a rate that none of the falling, articles can fall through the ring defined. by the otation of the members E without being/impacted by one of them. None or the particles can drop down onto the portion D of the rotor. Furthermore, the successiveincrements to particles delivered against the plate (1 may come so rapidly as to build up a species of sheet or mat of material. In other -words, the particles which have already been broken by impact against the surface' E are directed into the mass of particles resting against or falling across the surface of the plate G The result is not merely an impactbreakage against the plate G" but also a grinding of particle against particle which causes a maximum separation important for fine crushing.

, Whereas my invention may very efliciently be employed in connection with a freely falling column of material, it will be understood that other means of propulsion of the material are possible. For example, the material to be crushed may be allowed to slide down an inclined plate for delivery into the impact zone. Or it may be moved or thrown into the impact zone by other means. The particular details of the mechanism are therefore not to be treated aslimitations, except to the extent that limitations are actually written in terms into the claims.

' I claim:

1. In an impact crusher a housing, a rotor mounted in said housing for rotation about a generally horizontal axis, said rotor including a plurality of peripherally spaced impact members, means for feeding an unconsolidated stream of particles to be crushed downwardly by gravity,

i along a defined path into the path of movement of said impact members, adjacent the highest point of their movement, means for rotating said rotor at 'a speed sufficient to break the impacted particles, the impact races of said impact members lying in planes parallel with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and being rearwardly so inclinedin relation to the; direction of feed and I speed of feed of the particles, and to the speed of movement of the impact members, as to change the direction or movement of the particles substantially instantaneously when they are impacted and without slippa'ge'ot the particles across the'taces of the impact members,

plurality of peripherally spaced impact members, means forieedingan unconsolidatedstream of particles to be crushed downwardlyby gravity, along a defined path into the path of movement of said impact members, adjacent '-,the highest point of their movement, means for rotatin'g said rotor at a speed suflicient to break the impacted particles, the impact faces of said impact members lying in planes parallel with the axis of rotation of the rotor, and being rearwardly so inclined in relation to the direction of feed and speed of feed of the particles, and to the speed of movement of the impact members, as to change the direction of movement of the particles substantially instantaneously when they are impacted and without slippage of the particles acrossthe faces of the impact members, and to propel the impacted particles along paths substantially perpendicular to the faces of the impact members, and entirely out of the path of said impact members, and means for imparting secondary impacts to the particles so impacted, including a fixed stationary crusher plate laterally removed from the rotor and out of vertical alignment with any portion thereof, the eflective surface of said stationary plate being normal to the direction oi! delivery of the impacted particles, and -means for. carrying off the particles reduced by said secondary impacts along a path remote from the rotor.

EDGAR B; SYMONS.

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