US2101074A - Building system and construction units and elements therefor - Google Patents

Description

Dec- 7, 1937-. G. F. KOTRBATY 2,101,074

BUILDING SYSTE AND CQNSTRUCTIO-N UNITS AND ELEMENTS THEREFOR Filed April 22, 1935 INVENToR. GUY F. KDTRBATY @Mu 114m Patented Dec. 7, A1937 UNITED STATES vPATENT OFFICE BUILDING sYs'rEM AND CONSTRUCTION UNITS AND ELEMENTS THEREFOR poration of Delaware Application April 22,

18 Claims.

1932, Building construction, and 1,968,045 of July 31, 1934, Building construction, together with their divisional patents and applications, there have been described building constructions in which self-supporting grid units having spaced l5 panel members were secured to and locked by composite stud members having keyways formed therein, and provided further with keys for locking abutted stud members together. Stress has been laid on the provision of an improved mono- 20 lithic wall and floor joint construction enabling the building and formation of completely monolithically bonded steel houses. Such constructions are structurally eillcient and give excellent results.

It has now been found, that under certain conditions, mechanical bonds with or without partial monolithic bonding, may, at times be employed l to better advantage than acomplete monolithic bond in association with the self-supporting structural steel wall and floor members. In certain 3g building constructions it is desired to use continuous wall members and the like, to permit the introduction of service pipes and conduits of various types.

The improvements of the present inventionrelate more in detail to generally prefabricated. unitary and composite wall members and wall units and to improvements in methods and means for assembling the same into completed structures. The present invention includes as additional 4c features of novelty improved wall joint-locking and/or decorativel members and associated wall panel features. In addition, the novel improvements of the presentl invention include provisions for the utilization of skeletal or partlyskeletal structural features invprefabricat'ed elements and structures including preforme materials and panels thereof, and the erection and assembly of the same into completed units and structures with or without associating suitable hardenable structural plastic materials therewith.

It is a feature of the present invention to provide a building constructionsystem formed of selfsupporting units lmutually abutted and interlocked by novel structural locking members.

It is another feature of this invention to provide 1935, serial No. 17,591

(ci. "lz-1) improved structural elements. including stud members adapted to receive structural locking and keying members and form composite supporting members therewith.

It is also a feature of novelty of the present in- 5 vention to provide preformed, self-supporting wall sections having substantially completely finished surfacings and adapted to be mutually associated in completed walls by a variety of integral and composite locking and/or keying means.

Other features of novelty include preformed, self-supporting wall members provided with a variety of internal heat and moisture insulating means, and including hardened reinforced structural plastic segments as separate elements l5 adapted to be assembled into a structural entity either at the place of manufacture or erection or wholly or in part at both places. I

Special features of novelty also include novel keying and locking means with wall structural -20 features with or without integral or separate furbishing and ornamental and protective-elements for wall panel or 'element joints.

Particular features of novelty include the preparation and utilization of preformed, self- 2s supporting wall panel sectionsv of room height or building height mutually associated in complete wall structures with vertical supporting and locking members incorporated therein or adapted to be structurally associated therewith.

It is also a, feature of novelty of the present invention to provide improved studding and beam elements adapted to be mutually lnterlocked or keyed together, and so constituted and arranged as to permit the free passage therethrough of 35 service pipes and conduits of various kinds.

Other features of novelty of the present invention include self-supporting building construction units adapted to be associated with other like units and separate members to form composite 40 building supporting members provided with panelreceiving means for securing panelling or surfacings to the walls thereof. y

- Itis also a feature of novelty and advantage of the present invention to provide a steel building with the several parts mechanically interlocked and adapted to receive plastic surfacings.

'Ihese and other desirable features will be described in the `accompanying specification and 50 illustrated. in the drawing, certain preferred forms being shown by way of illustration only, for, since the underlying features may be incorporated in other specific structural assemblies, it is not intended to be limited to the ones here 55 shown except as such limitations are clearly imposed by the appended claims.

In the drawing like numerals referto similar parts throughout the several views, of which Fig. 1 is an elevation of a latticed stud including oor connection members;

Fig. 2 is a partial elevation of a modified composite stud assembly having apertured web o1' side sections adapted for lateral sliding engagementvand interiitting and provided with separate keying means;

Figs. 3 and 4 are horizontal sections of keying members adapted for use with the stud construction of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 5 is an elevation, partly in broken section.'

of structural wall units showing means for securing a variety of surfacings to the panel.

Referring to the drawing, there is shown in Fig. 1 a structurally eicient studding 30 including opposed edge channels 36 spaced apart and secured by interposed lattice members 37. This studding member is designed to receive wall panel members or Wall units and support same on the members 3l, or wall members and/or units may be secured to the studding elements 36 in any desired manner, as by Welding, or by mechanical means. The apertures formed between the cross bars or lattice elements 3 7, provide apertures therebetween, which not only lighten the weight of the studs Without detracting from their structural einciency, but also permit the passage of horizontal building services, pipes, wiring, conduits, etc., therethrough. The sides or studding elements 36 may be provided with integral or attached feet 35 disposed therebetween which serve to attach and secure the studding to suitable base supports.

Referring now to Fig. 2, there is shown an improved composite stud member adapted to support structural panels in spaced relations and form structural building units therewith. The construction shown in Fig. 2 is designated generally by the numeral 266. This composite construction, as will be-noted more in detail therewith, provides continuous latticed or substantially open ended stud constructions permitting the passage and introduction of building servicings, such as pipes, conduits, etc.

Referring now more specically to the improved composite structure shown in Fig. 2, a pair of opposed, generally channel shape members 26| and 262 are shown, abutted and interlocked and keyed by a key member 263. The channel section 26| comprises a pair of spaced angles 264, 265 spaced apart and secured to and by the lattice members 266. These members may be spaced apart in any suitable arrangement to provide apertures therethrough. The section or angle 264 has an exterior ange provided with a separate flange 26M to form a channel shaped member, both of the anges being inturned. 'I'he member 265 has its end flange section-bent over to form an abutting and depending gripping and locking ange 265a adapted-t0 engage the keying member-.263, and more particularly the key flange 263:1 thereof. Member 263 is provided witha pair of key flanges 2'63a and 263b formed generally parallel with the bottom portion or body of the member and turned inwardly thereof. The composite stud section member 262 cornprises end channels 261 and 268 with an intermediatey expanded section having diagonal latticos or members 269 integral with the end sections. The sections 269 may be formed by slotting the body or bottom portion of the generally channel shaped member 262 by stretching'or expanding the same to pull the cross pieces or diagonals 269 apart. The flange 261 of stud section 262 is provided with a gripping flange section 26111 adapted to overlie and receive the locking flange 264a of section 26E. The stud flange section 268 in its turn is provided with an overlyingbeaded edge and flange section 268a corresponding generally to the section 265:1 of the opposed abutted member. Key section 263 is adapted to be slid over in mutual locking engagement with the flange sections l265a and 266:1, locking them in place after member 26! and associated structural parts have been slid into laterally abutting and locking engagement with section 262 by having flange 26611 slide in fitting engagement into gripping and securing section 26M. With this construction it will be noted that a mere sliding, lateral pushing engagement permits the accurate alignment of stud sections 26H and 262 and their associated building parts and this alignment may be accurately and permanently secured by providing anl extra locking member 263 fitted in place over the locking members of the stud sections. -It will be noted that the key member 263 may be provided with a central stiffening bead 263e in the body portion thereof to provide extra stiifenng and structural strength to the combination.

Referring now to Fig. 5, a self-supporting building wall member will now be described. For purpose of convenience these separate panel sections will be individually identified to permit reference thereto.

f Referring now to Fig. 5, a panel construction 316 is shown. In this construction there is shown, by way of example, end structural stud sections 262 including opposed flanged edges 261, 266 spaced apart and held by expanded lattice members 269. These members 3W may have panel surfacings 3H of any suitable material applied thereover, including foraminous metal lath or the like. An insulating lling 3I2 may be used to fill the inter-panelling space. Structural surfacings 305 may be applied to one or both surfaces and may include hardenable cementitious plastics or structural sheet materials. Where panelling members or tilings are to be applied over the surfacings as exterior structural nishes, securing members designated generally by the numeral 306 may be secured between the stud sections 262 and tilings or fabric bricks 3|3, or other members slid in interlocking engagement therewith. The joints of these members may be llled with suitable Waterproof grouting or binding material, including plastic rubber base compositions, mortar, putties and other suitable materials. Where desired, ashings 249 of suitable size and wall surfacings 305 may be applied in the usual manner.

It will be now appreciated that there have been provided improved structural building systems including preformed and prefabricated wall and floor units and panels either as unitary constructions or as composite multipartite constructions, said panels and building units being adapted to be secured to improved building supporting members and to engage same in mutual interlocking relationship. In addition, the irnprovements of the present invention have been disclosed with structural skeleton supporting members and units adapted to be used as carcasses for a variety ofrpreformed building units and sections, as well as to permit the fabrication and erection of aligned wall and corner wall constructions and -to permit 'the elaboration of the structural carcass sections into complete building skeletons over which structural cementitious coating and panelling, either cast or applied in preformed and prefabricated condition in situ, or structural elements and composite parts may be secured.

. mating parts adapted for mutual sliding engage- While certain novel features of the invention have been shown and described andare pointed out in the annexed claims, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the forms and assemblies illustrated and in their mutual cooperation may be made by those skilled in the art or withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention.

I claim: l

1. A structural composite stud member comprising a two-part abutted and latticed channel construction, one side edge of each channel having unilateral mating sections including a channeled angular flange on one section and a straight, angular flange on the other sections iltting the channeled flange in a sliding flt, and movable laterally into operative position therein, bent-over key-receiving flanges on the other edges of the channels, and loi-laterally channeled key-ing means tting over and engaging the said keying flanges in longitudinal sliding keying engagement.

2. A composite structural stud member comprising a two-part constructiqn including generally channel-shaped members having apertured base sections forming latticed construction,

flanges forming the sides of the separate channel members, said flanges being adapted tol receive panel sections of self-supporting building units, the said sections being adapted to be abutted and mutually interlocked to form composite structural studmembers, they said several sections including unilateral tongued and grooved ment, opposed return flanges on the other side of the sections, and unitary keying means fltting in and over the return flanges.

3. A structural composite stud member comprising a pair of generally channel-shaped sheet metal members, the said members being abutted to form a hollow columnar section, unilateral tongued and grooved mating sections formed on the sides of the members and interiorly thereof; inturned locking flanges formed on the `other sides of the members, and separate .bi-laterally channeled and longitudinally slotted keying means adapted to overlie and secure the last said locking flanges.

4. A structural composite stud member comprising a pair of generally channel-shaped sheet metal members, the said members being abutted' toI form a hollow columnar section, mating sectio/ns formed on the sides of the members and interiorly thereof; inturned locking flanges formed on the other sides of the members and separate keying means adapted to overlie and secure the last said locking fiangesthe said mating locking sections including an inturned flange on one channel member, and an inturned channeled flange on the other member adapted to receive the rst said flange in the said channeled flange.

5. A structural composite stud member comprising a pair of metal members, the said members being abutted to form a hollow columnar section, mating secgenerally channel-shaped sheet tions formed on the sides of the members and in teriorly thereof; inturned locking flanges formed on the other sides of the members, and separate keying means adapted to overlie and secure the last said locking flanges, the intermediate or base sections of channel members being apertured to form lattice constructions. l

6. A structural composite stud member comprising a pair of generally channel-shapedl sheet metal members, the said members being abutted to form a hollow columnar section, mating sections formed on the sides of the members and linterlorly thereof; inturned locking flanges formed on the other side of the members, and separate keying means adapted to overlie and secure the last said locking flanges, the intermediate or base sections of channel members being apertured to form lattice constructions,'and the lattices being arranged in aligned relationship.

7. A structural composite stud member comprising a pair of generally channel-shaped sheet metal members, the said members being abutted to form a hollow columnar section, mating sections formed on thesides of the members and interiorly thereof; inturned locking flanges formed on the other sides of the members, and separate keying means adapted to overlie and secure the last said locking flanges, the metal of the base of the channel being slotted and expanded to form a lattice construction in the stud member. i

B. A structural sheet metalchannel for composite latticed stud constructions comprising a generally channel-shaped member having an apertured base section, side sections defining a channel with the base section, one of said side sections having a rectilinear ilange on its edge and the other said side section having a reversely bent flange section on its edge parallel to the side and forming a key-receiving channel therewith.

9. A structural sheet metal channel for composite latticed stud constructionscomprising a generally channel-shaped member having an apertured base section, side sections defining a channel with the base section, one of said side sections having a rectilinear ilange on its edge extended and reversely bent to form a channel section adapted to receive a flange section in mating locking engagement, and the'other said side section having a reversely bent flange section on its edge parallel to the side and forming a key-receiving channel therewith.

l0. A structural sheet metal channel for composite latticed stud constructions comprising a generally channel-shaped member having a slot-- ted and expanded apertured base section, side sections defining a channel with the base sections, one of said side sections having a rectilinear fiange on its edge and the other said side section having a reversely bent flange section on its edge parallel to the side and forming a key-receiving channel therewith.

11. A structural sheet metal channel for com-v posite 'latticed stud construction, comprising a generally channel-shaped member having a slotted and expanded -apertured base section, side sections defining a channel with the base section, one of said side sections .having a rectilinear ,edge flange extended and reversely bent to form a channel'sectlon adapted to receive a Bange section in mating locking engagement, and the other said side section having a reversely bent edge flange section parallel to the side and forming a key-receiving channel therewith.

12. In a construction of the type described in claim 3, improved keying means comprising a sheet metal member having a base section and inturned edge flanges forming locking channels adapted to receive bent-over channel edges of stud ilange sections.

13. In a construction of the type described in claim 3, improved keying means comprising a sheet metal member having a base section and inturned edge flanges forming channels adapted to receive bent-over channel edges of stud flange sections, the said base section having a central longitudinal bea'd' section and stiiening member formed therein.

14. A structural building unit comprising panel sections supported and spaced apart by end sections having means for the mutual interlocking of same with abutted like building unit sections, the said end sections comprising channel shaped structural members having the edges turned outwardly of the unit, one of said channels having an edge formed with a rectilinear ilange and the other edge with a bent-over flange, the other said channel member having one edge formed with a rectilinear channeled flange and the other edge of the said second channel having a bent-over flange, the rectilinear flanges forming slip-llt locking members and the bent-over ilanges being locked together by common keying means when structural units are abutted and the rectilinear flanges slid int-o mating engagement, the said abutted panel-spacing and end-supporting means forming hollow stud sections and being apertured to permit the passing of horizontal pipes and building services therethrough.. i

15. A building .Wall construction including a plurality of abutted self-supporting building units, each unit comprising spaced panel members secured to and spaced by apertured end members, the apertured end members forming stud sections and formingcomposite studs with other like abutted members of building units and lockedthereto to form composite studs, the said end sections comprising channel shaped structural members having the edges turned outwardly of the unit, one of said channels having an edge formed with a rectilinear ilange and the other edge with a bent-over flange, the yother said channel member having one ,edge formed with a rectilinear channeled flange and the other edge of the said second channel having bentover` ilange, the rectilinear anges forming slipt locking members and the bent-over flanges being locked together by common keying means when structural 'units are abutted and the rectilinear flanges slid into mating engagement, the

ing the edges turned outwardly of the unit, one of said channels having an edge formed with a rectilinear flange and the other edge with a bent-over flange, the other said channel member having one edge formed with a rectilinear channeled flange and the other edge of the said second channel having bent-over flange, the rectilinear flanges forming slip-llt locking members and the bent-over flanges being locked together by common keying means when structural units are abutted and the rectilinear flanges slid into mating engagement, the said sections being apertured and secured to other like sections of adjacent units whereby to form hollow composite studs; the composite studs having the apertures in alignment for passage of building services horizontally therethrough,A and also permitting the passage of building services vertically therein.

17. A building wall construction, including self-supporting building units having internal wall-faces secured to and spaced apart by end stud sections, the said end sections comprising channel shaped structural members having the edges turned outwardly of the unit, one of said channels having an edge formed with a rectilinear flange and the other edge l'with a bentover flange, the other said channel member having one edge formed with a rectilinear channeled flange and the other edge of the said second channel having a bent-over flange, the rectilinear flanges forming slip-fit locking members and the bent-over flanges being locked together by common keying means when structural units are abutted and the rectilinear flanges slid into mating engagement; apertures in the stud sections,'the so-formed composite studs being keyed together and being adapted to receive both vertical and horizontally disposed building services.

18. A building construction system, including self-supporting structural building members having panel wall sections spaced apart and s'ecured by end stud sections, the said end sections comprising/channel shaped structural members having the edges turned outwardly of the unit, one of said channels having an edge formed with a rectilinear flange and the other edge with a f bent-over flange, the other -said channel -member having one edge formed Wit-h a rectilinear channeled flangeand the other edge of the saidA permitting the passage of building services vertically therein. f I

GUY F. KOTRBATY.

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