US2097715A

US2097715A - Slate supporting clip

Info

Publication number: US2097715A
Application number: US123291A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry G Bartsch
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1937-01-30
Filing date: 1937-01-30
Publication date: 1937-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 1954-11-02

Description

Nov. 2, 1937. H. G. BARTSCH SLATE SUPPORTING CLIP 2 Sheeiis-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 50, 1937 Patented Nov. 2, 1937 V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SLATE SUPPORTING CLIP Henry G. Bartsch, Washington, D. 0. Application January 30, 1937, Serial No. 123,291

15 Claims. (01. 108-33). I f

My invention relates to improvements in slate to prevent the corrosion of the nail head, and also supporting clips, and has to do, more particularly, to partially conceal it from view, slaters generally with the provision of a novel bracket or clip place, upon the exposed'nail head, a dab of roofadapted to be associated with the standard perfoing cement corresponding as closely as possible rations provided in slate shingles, and to be to the color of the roof. It is but natural, there- 5 supported by means carried by the sub-roof in fore, that owners of buildings having slate roofs in such fashion that accurate positioning of the do not repair damage thereto unless absolutely replacement slate may be readily accomplished. essential because of bad leakage.

Heretofore, it has been customary to replace a Considered more in detail, the problems and damaged or detached slate shingle with a new disadvantages of the conventional repair involve l0 shingle anchored by means of an exposed nail, a number of considerations. In the first place,

and to protect the exposed nail, and in part to slate roofs are installed by hand and, however conceal the head thereof, by means of a plastic skillful the slater is,the variation in width of coating of approximately the same shade as the slate shingles, as well as the difficulty of placing slate of the roof. In order to effect such a repair, the shingles by accurate measurement, renders 5 it is necessary to remove whatever remains of the it impossible to center the shingles of one course damaged shingle, as well as such nails as were With respect to the shingles of the subjacent employed for its securement, by means of atool course, with the result that the line of abutment known in the art as a ripper. This tool inof two slates is not perfectly centered with respect )0 cludes a hook-like shank which is slipped up beto the shingle which partially overlaps these two tween the adjacent shingles which are disposed shingles. The new nail hole which must be immediately above and immediately below the provided inthe replacement slate by the slater shingle to be replaced. By skillful manipulation, is seldom disposed in the exact center of the slate,

it is possible for the slater to effect complete refor the reason that this nail hole must be in alignmoval of the two'nails and such parts of the ment with the abutting edges of the two slates damaged shingle as remained secured thereby, therebeneath so that the nail may enter in he without materially loosening or otherwise affectgap between the two underlying slates to avoid ing the adjacent shingles. breakage of either. New nail holes in slate The replacement shingle may then be slipped shingles areformed by striking with a specially into the space previously occupied by the original pointed hammer, and a fiat, strong supporting 30 shingle, but the securement thereof presents a surface, generally not available on the roof, is neccomplex problem for the reason that the pair of essary for security against breakage of the slate. nail holes of the new slate, as well as the nails to Slate shingles are, of necessity, suitable only for be installed therein (in accordance with conveninstallation upon roofsof considerable pitch, and

tional practice) would be inaccessible because the maintenance of ones support on such a roof 35 disposed a number of inches above the lower edge involves, also, such difiiculty that the operation of the slate course which overlaps the course beof accurately punching the new hole in a replaceing repaired. For this reason, it has been the ment slate while hanging upon such a roof is common practice of slaters to provide a third usually impossible. Accordingly, it is common hole in the lower portion of the replacement slate, practice for the slater to ,try the shingle, mark- 40 which hole is, when. the slate is in proper position, ing thereon the position at which the nail hole disposed below the lower edge of the superjashould be punched. The marked slate shingle is cent course. By the provision of this third, exthen lowered to an apprentice on the ground who posed hole, it is possible to place an anchoring punches the hole therein at the indicated position 5 nail therein, and to drive the same through the and then has the shingle passed up to the slater 5 gap defined by the abutting side edges of the two on the roof. Such work requires two men, and shingles of the course below which are lapped the major portion of the time spent by these is by the single replacement shingle. In accordwaiting time, during which no work is being ance with such practice, the head portion of the done.

nail or nails employed for anchorage of the re- The protection and concealment of the nail 50 placement shingle is exposed to the weather and head associated with the replaced slate also inwill be corroded thereby. Moreover, even from volves the problem of the prevention of smearing.

the ground, such exposed nail heads are apparent, In order to avoid the breakage of other slate of particularly where corroded matter from the nail the roof, the slater must crawl over the roof 5 head streaks the replacement shingle. In order with extreme care and in as prone a position as possible to distribute his weight over a large area. This crawling about upon the roof, even when performed with the greatest of care, invariably results in smearing of dabs of cement placed upon the nail heads of previous repairs, because of the fact that the cement employed must be plastic when it is installed and. must remain partially plastic after installation, if checking or cracking thereof is to be avoided. Slate roofs become extremely hot in the summertime, and such cement coverings upon the nail heads become soft and easily smeared. In addition, dust and debris such as leaves, become secured to such patches of cement and givethe roof a splotchy, unclean appearance.

At least one inventor has attempted to eliminate the problems incident to the replacement of slate shingles by the use of a preformed clip adapted to be secured to the replacement slate bymeans extending through the conventional holes of the slate. One such form of clip is of T-shape, the leg portion of which is slightly curved so as to cause its lower end to abut the top or concealed edge of the slates underlying the replacement slate. Theoretically, such a clip would appear to meet the problem completely. However, as has been previously explained, slate roofs are laid manuallywithout strict conformity to any definite degree of overlap of one course with respect to its underlying course. Moreover, the spacing between the nail holes and the lower edge of slate shingles, may vary widely even in the same roof, with the result that the length of the leg of such a clip would have to be determined accurately for each replacement, if alignment of the lower edge of the replacement slate, with respect to the lower edge of the entire course with .which it is to be associated, is to be obtained. A replacement slate, the lower edge of which is disposed a slight distance above or below the normal .line of its course, clearly stands out, even from the ground, so that standardization of such clips 'as just described is impossible if a satisfactory repair is desired.

, With the prior art and its practices in mind,

'myinvention has, for its purpose, several well is simple and rapid and which requires no apprentice on the ground.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means and method for replacing shingles in slate roofs in such fashion that the repair will be completely inconspicuous.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means and method for accurately replacing shingles in slate roofs which eliminates the necessity of an exposed nail head.

It'is an object of my-invention to provide a means and method for accurately replacing shingles in a slate roof which does not require the use of roofing cement.

It is an object of my invention to provide a novel means for securing replacement shingles in slate roofs which affords adequate support to the replaced slate.

It is an object of my invention to provide a novel means for accurately securing replacement shingles in slate roofs which will eliminate a large amount of breakage heretofore experienced.

It is an object of my invention to provide a means for replacing shingles in slate roofs which insures proper alignment of the replacement slate with respect to its companions.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket for supporting replacement shingles which may be made in a standard size or sizes and which will have universal application to replacement slate shingles regardless of variations in their dimensions.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket for supporting replacement slate shingles which is compact and light in weight, permitting the slater to carry a supply thereof upon his person.

It is an object of my invention to provide a clip or bracket for securing replacement slate shingles which is inexpensive to manufacture.

Finally, it is an object of my invention to provide a means and method of securing replacement slate shingles which requires no special skill .and may be effected in a small fraction of the time heretofore required to obtain even a markedly inferior repair.

Further objects, and objects relating to economies and details of construction and installation will more definitely appear from the detailed description to follow. In one instance, I accomplish the objects of my invention by the means and method set forth by the following specification. My invention is clearly defined in the appended claims. Structures constituting preferred embodiments of my invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a portion of the conventional slate roof, one shingle of which has been replaced and is supported by a wire clip (shown in dotted lines) constituting one preferred form in which my invention is susceptible of embodiment;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the same construction and installation as shown in Figure 1, being taken on the line 2-2 thereof;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the elements and members shown in Figure 2, the replacement shingle, with its associated clip, being shown at an initial stage of its installation;

Figure 4 is a top plan View of a portion of a slate roof which has been prepared for reception of a replacement slate in accordance with my invention, the damaged slate and its nails having been removed and the new supporting nail having been set in position.

Figure 5 is an underside perspective view of the replacement slate and associated wire clip disclosed as a part of the constructions illustrated in Figures 1.2 and 3;

Figure 6 is a plan view of a single replacement slate and associated clip fabricated from sheet stock, which clip constitutes a modified form of my invention; 1

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of a slate roof, one slate of which has been replaced and is supported by a clip of the type shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view of the replacement slate clip shown in Figure 6, said view being taken on the line 8-8 thereof and Figure 9 is a perspective view of a nail gauge adapted to be utilized for the accurate location 'and setting of. the nail upon which clips of the types shown in the foregoing figures are to be supported and anchored.

The same reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

In a broad sense, my invention finds embodi- ,ment in a slate clip consisting of a thin body portion adapted to be disposed upon the under I of the superjacent course.

surface of 'a shingle of slate or equivalent material, means extending upwardly from said body portion adapted to be extended through and engaged within the conventional "pair of apertures with which such shingles are normally provided, and an anchoring portion at the lower end of said body portion adapted'to engage a conven-' tional roofing nail or the like "which latter is so positioned with respect tothe line constituted "by the lower edges of the several "slates comprising the course as to insure alignment of the lower edge of the slate to be replaced with the said course line. Preferably, the slate clip is of standard size, the aperture-engaging portions of which are adjustable to be engaged with shingles, the spacing of the holes of which may vary considerably. No adjustment need be available in the length of the body portion ofthe clip for the reason that the vertical positioning of the slate to be replaced with respect to other slates 'of "its course maybe accomplished by the proper location of the roofing nail, or other clip supporting element, with respect to the course line previously defined. The proper location of the roofing nailyas well as the spacing between the head thereof and the underlying slate surface of the immediately subjacent course of shingles is, in accordance with the broad concept of my invention, preferably determined by means of a simple tool. As will be understood from an inspection of the accompanying drawings, my invention is characterized by the fact that the roofing nail 'or other anchoring element is installed in the roof prior to the actual replacement of the repair shingle, and in the area of the roof which is exposed in the removal of the damaged slate and is covered and protected by the replacement slate after installation. Thus, the roofing nail mentioned is readily accessible for proper positioning and setting prior to the replacement of the shingle, but is concealed completely and protected from the elements after the new shingle has been installed. The head of the roofing nail may thus be disposed in appropriately spaced relation with respect to the top surface of the underlying shingles, and the nail engaging portion of'the clip is especially formed so as to insure the travel of the clip upon the top surface of the nail head during the insertion of the slate and the engagement of the clip 'in interlocking relation beneath the head of the nail or the like when the slate has been brought to its final position of alignment with respect to its companions of the course.

With reference to the accompanying drawings in which I have illustrated two preferred forms of my invention, there is shown in Figure 1 a portion of "a slate roof consisting of shingles Illa, *Illb and H10, of the repaired course; I'll, lib and lent the subjacent course and Ma, I21) and Iflb is the replaced shingle. The conventional apertures a: and y of the replaced shingle Illb are shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, being concealedby the overlapping shingles I2a and I2b of the superjacent course. Likewise, the shingle-supporting clip I3, constituting an embodiment of my invention, is shown in dotted lines, being similarly concealed by the shingles Itb, I2a and I2b. The anchoring and supporting nail I1 is also shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, being concealed by the lower half of the shingle Illb.

Referring now to the illustrations in Figures 1 to 4, inclusive, the slate clip I3 consists, of a piece of wire stock of resilient steel, or the like,

bent into the form of a letter w. More specifl cally, the clip includes a pair of leg portions "I l which con-verge slightly toward their lower-endsandare joined by a reverse bight portion I5, each of which legs terminating, at its upper end, in an offset-double portion IS.- The leg portions II are straight for the most part, the lower ends thereof, however, being slightly curved downwardly, for a reason to be explained. The bight portion I5 also curves slightly to conform to and lie in the same general geometrical surface the adjacent, downwardly curved portions of the legs i l. The offset portions l6 of the clip consist, each, of a doubled section 16a generally parallel to the adjacent leg portion I4 and upwardly displaced, with respect thereto, a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the shingle with which it is associated. The doubling of the clip end extends downwardly from the portion IGb a distance approximately 'equalzto the length of the portion 16a, thus, for this extent, constituting a double leg portion Ila.

v By virtue of the resiliency in the legs I4, :as well as in-the inverted V or bight portion I5, the legs i i-may be sprung apart or together so as to be insertable in the standard perforations a: and

y of a conventional shingle. The double nature of the upper ends of the clip affords a snug fit of the offset portions of the legs I4 in the shingle holes, and, because the ends of the legs M are bent double, the extremity of each leg is naturally tapered or pointed, facilitating the insertion of the assembled clip and shingle.

For facilitating the proper location and securement of the replacement clip and slate, I have provided a special tool I8 illustrated in Fig.9 of the accompanying drawings. This tool consists of a strip of thin sheet metal folded double and having its folded end bent upwardly to constitute a handle 18!). Thepla'te-like base-consists o'f-the top and bottom plies l8e and I8f which are slightly spaced from each other toreceive the ply I8g of roofing felt or similar shock-deadeningmaterial. The three sheets I86, 18f and l 8g are held 'in tight assembly by headed rivets 18%, the lower heads of which are preferably sunk flush with the undersurface of the tool. A notch la is cut into one edge of the tool base constitutedby the three plies, which notch is adapted to receive a conventional headed roofing na'il such as those ll disclosed. The top surface I 80 of the tool 'base is, either naturally or specially, treated to be erasably receptive of marking applied by a conventional graphite pencil (not shown). As will be apparent from the further description of the present invention, the tool I8 serves as a gauge for the proper location 'of nails I! as well as a means for limiting the extent to which such nails are driven into the sub-roof.

The method of replacing slate shingles in accordance with this invention is as follows. As previously described'in this specification, the roof is first prepared for the reception of the'replacement by removal of the damaged shingle and the original nails employed for its securement. A clip- I3 is then taken from the supply carried on the roof (presumably from the pocket of the slater), and the oifset ends I6 of the clip legs are inserted through the conventional apertures a: and :1! of the slate shingle to be employed as a replacement. This association of clip and shingle is clearly illustrated in Figure '5. The distance from the eye of thebig'ht I5 to the extreme lower edge of the replacement slate is then measured.

iii)

Preferably, this is determined by laying the "tool l,8 "(shown in Fig. 9) upon the underside of the replacement slate lb in such fashion'that the notch I860 of the tool overlies the bight l of the clip, and the handle 18b is parallel to the lower edgeof the shingle. While in this aligned relatiomthe slatermarks, upon the top surface I80 of the tool, a line corresponding to the lower edge of .the replacement shingle [0b. The tool I8 'is then placed flat upon the surface of the subjacent shingles 1m and Nb, with the line previously marked upon the tool disposed directly above the base line of the course as defined by the lower edges of the shingles Illa and lllc. With the tool I8 thus flatly disposed upon the shingles I la and 1 lb in such fashion that the left edge I8c.of the tool is directly aligned and disposedabove the adjacent lateral edges of the shingles Has and Nb, a conventional roofing nail H is placed in the notch 18a, of the tool and driven home .upon the top surface I80 of the tool. The tool l8,is then removed from engagement withthe thus-set nail l1 and, the thickness of thetool being equal to, or slightly in excess of, the thickness of the clip l3, the head of the nail I1 is disposed in correspondingly-spaced relation with respect to the upper surface of the shingles Ila and Nb of the subjacent course.

.The roof is now in condition for the reception of the replacement shingle and its clip, and the shingle Illb; together with the clip l3 attached thereto, is slipped upwardly into the space which HAO 3 Illa. under such conditions.

it is to occupy, as illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings. As will be appreciated from an inspection of this figure, the curvature provided in the lower ends of the legs M, as well as in the bight portion l5, induces the bight [5 to cam up upon the top surface of the nail as the shingle is moved upwardlyrbeyond the position illustrated in' Figure 3 into a position even more elevated than illustrated in Figure 2. The slater then bears downwardly upon the exposed portion of the shingle lflb with his hands and forces the shingle lllb to descend, causing the bight portion :15 of the clip to extend beneath the head of the nail I1. into final straddle-engaged relation with ;respect to the nail, as shown in Figure 2. It will be noted that the final setting of the bight l5 upon the nail ll causes the curvature at the lower end of the, clip to be reduced or eliminated, assuring a snug and rattle-free securement of the -clip and its shingle. As has been previously explained in this specification, the crack defined by the adjacent side edges of the shingles I la and 1 lb' is not, in common practice, always centered with respect to the lapping shingle lob. Even 'where such an inaccuracy is large, assurance of alignment of the bight IS with the. nail I! may :beaccomplishecl by appropriate bending of the legs M of the clip to displace the bight I5 to one side or the other of the center line of the shingle Hlb; Where'this inaccuracy is slight, the forked nature of the lower end of the clip, as well as the inherent resiliency of the legs l4, may be adequate to compensate for lack of alignment between the shingles lb and Ila and Nb. The abutment of the side edges of the slate 1b with the-slates Illa and llle of the course is adequate to prevent lateral displacement of the shingle The doubled construction ofthe upper ends I 6 of the clip provides' a strongfresistance to deformation of the offsets therein," as well as a snug fit of the clip m, the [apertures a: and y of the replaced slate.

Thethickness. or the clip is so slight that the replaced shingle will not be so elevated above the roof surface as to permit the access of moisture to the nail IT or the clip, nor is the slight diiference in level between the replaced shingle and others of the course so perceptible as to be apparent.

In Figures 6, 7, and 8, I have illustrated a modified form of clip for performing the same function as that disclosed in the previous figures. This clip 23 is formed of thin sheet metal of relatively stiff, but resilient, character. In this embodiment of the invention the body portion 24 of the clip is constituted by a single plate instead of the leg portions I4 of the wire-type clip. The body portion 24 is preferably of triangular form, the broad or upper end thereof being cut to provide a multiplicity of tongues 26, a selected pair of which may be bent upwardly and extended through the apertures a: and y of a conventional shingle, andthe terminal portions 26a. of which tongues may be bent down upon the upper surface of the slate shingle to assemble the clip with the shingle. As distinguished from the previously described wire clip I3, the aperture engaging means of'the clip 23 preferably comprise, each, a. pair of tongues 26, whereby a snug fit of the securing means in the apertures a: and y is assured. Moreover, by making the tongues 26 'of a width approximating one-half the diameter of the apertures r and y, it is possible to. locate the clip 23 in any desired lateral displacement with respect to the center of the replacement shingle. There is thus obtained a lateral adjustability of the clip with respect to the shingle with which it is to be associated, corresponding to the lateral displacement which may be eifected in the clip l3 by reason of the springiness of the legs M or, in extreme instances, by a permanent bending of one or both of the legs I l. The lower end of the clip 23 is constituted by a bifurcate extension 25 of the body portion 23 of the clip, which extension 25 is, like the bight portion l5 of the previously described clip, slightly downwardly curved to insure engagement of the terminal fork beneath the head of the roofing nail I1 driven into the sub-roof in the manner previously described.

The mode of use of the clip 23 disclosed in Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the drawings is substantially identical with that of the clip I3, the only distinction being that the tongues 26 are given their final bent form after their insertion in the apertures a: and y of the shingle to be employed as a replacement. Similarly, as has been explained, lateral displacement of the clip portion 25 with respect to the center line of the replacement slate is effected by the selection of appropriate ones of the securing tongues for insertion in the apertures a: and 1 of the shingle.

I am aware that my invention is susceptible of embodiment in various structural forms, the illustrated clips being disclosed solely as examples of a broad inventive concept. Numerous changes in size and form will appear to those skilled in the art upon familiarization with the invention as set forth in the preceding description. For example, types of head studs other than the roofing nail I! may be employed. In some instances, it may be found desirable to substitute a conventional wood screwfor the nail ll illustrated. The tool 68 which is so desirable for the proper practice of my invention may, likewise, be embodied in various forms. .For example, in lieu of the notch l8a at one edge of the tool, there may be substituted a keyhole slot I82 disposed at approximately the center of the base of the tool.

the sheet metal and the wire types of clips.

, invention Such aslot has the advantage of assuring paralellism .of the nail head with the surface of the underlying slate shingles Na and Nb for the reason that a more extensive anvil surface is provided for the nail head. Removal of the tool from engagement with the nail after its setting is, with such a slot construction, effected by pushing'the tool upwardly so that the large circular portion of the slot I82 will clear the head of the nail. The largecircular portion of the slot must, thBIEIOIBybG; of ample size to clear the largest nail head which may be expected in this work. Obviously the handle I81) ofthe tool may take various forms and may, if desired, be located along a side 1 of the tool instead of at the lower end thereof. In this instance, it would probably be preferable to make the handle as a separate part and to attach it to the tool base 580 by means of rivets or otherfastening means. Preferably, .the toolshouldbe of such length that the upper andlower ends thereof will overlie those portions of the shingles Ila and III) which are in:contact with the sub-roof and the next lower course of shingles.

the tool, t ogether with the shock absorbing natureof the interposed ply I89 thereof, operates to protect the slate' shingles I la and l lb from breakage-during, the setting of the nail I1.

'In the specification I'have described the nail engaging portions l5 and 25 of the illustrated clips as bifurcate, and it is intended that this termjshall apply with equal aptitude to both Likewise, I-have described the two legs I4 of the wire type clip asthe body-portion; These elements gperform the function ofthe solid body 24 of the sheet metal type clip.- The term slate shingle is 1 also to be given an interpretation, of suflicient breadth-to include such flatshingles as are being ,manufactured synthetically from mixtures of asbestos and Portlandcement or the like. In this specification I have 7 also described the pre-set rrelationship .of the nail l! as one in which thehead of'thenail is spaced from the underlying surfaces of the shingles llw and Hb a distance correspondingto the thickness of the clip to be supported thereon. In practice, it has been found desirable to give the base 180 of the tool l8 2.

thickness slightly greater than thethickness of the slate c1ip,to facilitate the insertion of the bifurcate portion of the clip beneath the nail 11. Where a clip having a slightly downwardly curved ,end is employed, the curvature of this end is adequate to insure a snug fit of the clip with the stud l'l, notwithstanding the fact that the thickness of the clip at this point may be slightly less than the spacing between the nail head and the top surface of the underlying slates lid and Nb.

I'he foregoing, and other changes and factors relating to the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art-and familiar withthe present Accordingly,- I claim my invention broadly as indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. Astandardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive.apertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means at the upper end of said body" portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said clip to the shingle, and means at the lower end of said body portion adapted to lie flatly upon the top surface of shingles of the. subjacent course when lapped by the This proportioning of first-mentioned shingle, said last-mentioned means being engageable with a headed stud preset in the sub-roof with its head in slightly spaced relation with respect to said top surface of said subiacent shingles.

- 2. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles, of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means at the upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said clip to the shingle, and means at the lower end of said body portion adapted to lie flatly upon the top surface of shingles of the subjacent course when lapped by the first-mentioned shingle, said last-mentioned means having inherent flexibility and a barely shingles of the conventional type provided with.

a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means at the upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said clip to the shingle, and a bifurcate extension at the lower end of said body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

4. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, means at the upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said clip to the shingleand a resilient, slightly downwardly curved, bifurcate extension at the lower end of said body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the subroof.

5. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shingles secured to said sub-roof in staggered lapping relation, a shingle constituting one element of one of said courses, said shingle having a spaced pair of apertures formed therein lying in a horizontal line parallel to and near the upper edge thereof, and means for securing said shingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set in said sub- .roof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacent side edges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlying course and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lapped shingle surface, and a clip having means adjacent its upper end engaged within the spaced apertures of said first-mentioned shingle and means at its lower end flatly disposed upon said lapped shingle surfaces beneath and snugly engaged with the head of said stud.

6. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shingles secured to said sub-roof 'in staggered lapping relation, a shingle constituting one element of one of said courses, said shingle having a spaced pair of apertures formed therein lying in a horizontal line parallel to and nearthe upper edge thereof, and means for securing said shingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set in said subroof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacent side edges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlying course and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lapped shingle surface, and a clip having means adjacent its upper end engaged within the spaced apertures of said first-mentioned shingle and having a bifurcate stud-engaging portion at its lower'end flatly disposed'upon said-lapped shingle-surfaces and snugly straddle-engaged with said stud beneath'its head.

7. In a slate roof construction, a sub-roof, courses of slate shingles secured to said sub-roof in staggered lapping relation, a shingle constituting one element of one 'oiE said courses, said shingle having a spaced'pair of apertures formed 'thereinlyin'g in a horizontal line parallel to and ear the'up'per edge thereof, and means for securing said shingle in position, said securing means including a headed stud set in said subroof, the shank of which stud extends between the adjacent side edges of the lapped portions of the two shingles of the underlying course and the head of which stud is slightly spaced above said lapped shingle surface, and a clip comprising a body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of said first mentioned shingle, means at the upper end of said body portion engaged within the spaced apertures of said shingle, and a resilient, slightly downwardly curved, bifurcate extension at the lower end of said'body portion b'earing'u'pon said lapped shingle surfaces and snugly'straddle-engag ed with said' stud beneath shingles of the conventional type provided with a shingle-anchoring oifsets and are springable with respect to each other so as to be spaced pair of nail-receptive aperturescompris- 'ing: a pieceof relatively stiff resilient wire stock having. the general'form' of a letter W, the two upstanding arms of which terminate in similar laterally readily engageable'in the variously spaced apertures of conventional slate shingles, and the bight .or inverted V base portion of said clip being relatively small and low with respect to the size of the entire clip and being adapted to straddleengage and be supported upon a headed stud set in the portion of the sub-roof covered by the exposed portion of the shingle when installed.

'9. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a piece of relatively stiff resilient wire stock having the general form of a letter W, the two upstanding arms of which terminate in similar, rigid, double, shingle-anchoring ofisets and are laterally springable with respect to each other so as to be readily snugly engageable in the variously spaced apertures of conventional slate shingles, and the bight or inverted V base portion of said clip being relatively small and low with respect to the size of the entire clip and being adapted to straddle-engage and be supported upon a headedstud set in the portion of the sub-roof covered by the exposed portion of the shingle when installed.

10. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a piece of relatively stiff resilient wire stock having the general form of a letter W,'the two upstanding arms of which lie, for the most part, in a common plane, yet terminate,

at their upper ends, in similar upstanding oil"- sets and are laterally springable with respect to each otherso as to be readily engageable in the variously'spaced apertures of conventional slate shingles, said arms curving slightly downwardly at their lower ends, and the bight or inverted V base portion of said clip being relatively small and low with respect to the size of the entire clip and having a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the adjacent ends of said clip arms whereby said bight portion may be readily hooked, saddle fashion, upon a headed stud preset in the portion of the sub-roof covered by the exposed portion of the shingle when installed.

11. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, hook means formed in the upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said shingle to said clip, and a bifurcate portion constituting an extension of the lower end of said body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

12. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted to flatly underlie the undersurfaee of the shingle with which it is to be associated, a series of tongues formed in the upper end of said body portion, a pair of which are adapted to be bent upwardly and offset into interlocked engagement with the apertures of the shingle to be mounted, and a bifurcate portion constituting an extension of the lower end of said body portion adapted to straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud preset in the sub-roof.

I 13. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair or nail-receptive apertures,

comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portionadapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, hook means formed in the upper end of said body portion disposable through said shingle apertures to secure said shingle to said clip, and

a resilient, slightly downwardly curved bifurcate extension at the lower end of said body portion adapted to snuglystraddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

14. A standardized clip for the support of slate shingles of the conventional type provided with a spaced pair of nail-receptive apertures, comprising: a thin, sheet metal body portion adapted to flatly underlie the under surface of the shingle with which it is to be associated, a series of tongues formed in the upper end of said body portion, a pair of which are adapted to be bent upwardly and offset into interlocked engagement with the apertures of the shingle to be mounted, and a resilient, slightly downwardly curved bifurcate extension at the lower end of said body portion adapted to snugly straddle-engage and be supported by an upstanding headed stud pre-set in the sub-roof.

15. The method of replacing a damaged slate shingle in a conventional slate roof consisting of a plurality of shingle courses secured to a subroof in staggered lapping relation, which comprises: removing such parts of the damaged shingle and its fastening elements as remain, forming a flat clip with a bifurcate lower portion, securing the upper end of said clip to the underside of the replacement shingle through the nailreceptive apertures conventional in slate shingles, measuring the distance from the notch of said bifurcate clip portion to the lower edge of the clip-associated shingle, driving a headed stud into said sub-roof through the crack between the adjacent side edges of the two shingles of the subjacent course which are to be lapped by said replacement shingle, said headed stud being driven so far into said sub-roof as to provide a space, between the under surface of its head and the top surface of said lapped shingles, equal to-the thickness of said clip, and being located at a distance from the lower edge of the damaged course equal to the previously determined distance from said clip notch to the lower edge of said clip-associated shingle, pushing said clip-associated shingle up into and beyond the space which it is to occupy so that the bifurcate end of its clip clears said headed stud, and, finally, retracting said shingle and its clip to bring the bifurcate lower end of the latter into straddle-engagement with the upstanding portion of said headed stud.

HENRY G. BARTSCH.