US2086905A - Radio transmitter apparatus - Google Patents

Radio transmitter apparatus Download PDF

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US2086905A
US2086905A US755393A US75539334A US2086905A US 2086905 A US2086905 A US 2086905A US 755393 A US755393 A US 755393A US 75539334 A US75539334 A US 75539334A US 2086905 A US2086905 A US 2086905A
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tubes
stand
pedestals
bridging
shielding
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US755393A
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Evans John
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03BGENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/1817Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
    • H03B5/1835Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator the active element in the amplifier being a vacuum tube

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  • This invention relates to high frequency radio transmitting systems and more particularly to apparatus having an improved form of construction forv supporting and interconnecting high power electron discharge tubes.
  • ultra-short waves say of the order of 30 to 80 megacycles
  • the ultra high frequency energy thus produced can be utilized under optimum conditions of efficiency, provided proper precautions are taken to obtain resonant circuits between stages and to so dispose these circuits that they shall be properly shielded at the same time'that they are. suitably coordinated in length withrespect to the ope'rating wave length.
  • a further object is to provide a supporting pedestal for an electron discharge tube .inwhich may be disposed any desired portion-of an anode cooling system.
  • Anotherobject of my invention is to so arrange the output circuits from a pair of water cooled thermionic tubes that such tubes may be suitably operated in a push-pull manner and with a maximum efliciency of output energy.
  • Another object is to provide hollow pedestals for tuning and shielding purposes whereby the necessary interconnecting circuits between successive stages of push-pull operated tubes may be obtained, while avoiding some of the serious energy losses which were heretofore inherent in the conventionalmeans for insulating and shielding such circuits.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide convenient adjusting means for obtaining the necessary electrical lengths of the conductors which are used between two anodes of a pushpull pair of electron discharge tubes and to provide further length-adjusting means for the 0on ductors constituting an output circuit for such tubes.
  • inductances and capacitances are efliciently distributed instead of being lumped, thereby avoiding over-heating of the conductors; and (5) a wide range of operating frequencies may be had without departing from an optimum ratio of inductance to capacitance of the network.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram which is referred to in the specification for explaining the theory of operation of my invention
  • Fig. 3 is still another diagram presenting more or less in plan view the arrangement of six pedestals which may be suitably assembled with apparatus for obtaining the necessary tuning adjustments as between stages of two pairs of electron discharge tubes operated in a push-pull manner.
  • An outlet pipe ii is disposed with in the stand-pipe and runs the full length thereof for carrying away the water which has ab- Any suitable clamping device such as the ring l5 may be provided for holding the electron discharge tube in position and for sealing the anode withinthe cooling chamber.
  • a shielding member I! made of metal and having a base l9 formed of any suitable material. The base is supported by insulators 2
  • the top end of the tubular shield I1 is rolled over as shown at 23 in order to lize a bridging member 25, the height of which is determined under control of a threaded rod 21, which, in turn, is vertically disposed mid-way betweentwo of the pedestals.
  • the bridging member 25 extends through slots 25 in the shields I1 and has suitably mounted at each end a set of resilient brushes 29. Certain of these brushes bear against the outer wall of each stand-pipe 5,
  • the lead screw. 21 is preferably supported at the bottom thereof by a thrust bearing 3
  • and 33 are supported. on insulators 35, these insulators being attached in any suitable manner skin effect at the frequencies for which my ing member II.
  • the bridging member 25 will be so adjusted that standing waves will be formed between the anodes of the two tubes.
  • High frequency currents traverse the upper portions of the stand-pipes 5, also the brushes 23 and the shielding members l1.
  • the bridge 25 At the center of , the bridge 25 a node of energy is also developed.
  • the high frequency energy which traverses the, interior walls of the shielding members I! above the bridging member reacts both inductively and capacitively upon the opposing walls of the stand-pipes 5.
  • This inductance and capacitance constitute an essential part of the tuned circuit; while the bridging member and the other elements which conductively interconnect the anodes of the two tubes form a balancingcircuit having a nodal point at its center of symmetry, which is also the center of the bridging member25. Below the bridging.mem-
  • This pipe H terminates at the top in a receptacle l3 for the anode.
  • connection may be made at the bottom of each stand-pipe, say by strapping a conductor to the intake pipe 3.
  • FIG. 1 there appear two electron discharge tubes 41 constituting a first stage, and two more tubes'49 constituting a second stage. These tubes are somewhat conventionally represented as having each acathode 5
  • the tubes 41 are indicated as mounted upon two of the pedestals such as those shown in Fig. 1. In this case, however, a modification is -made in the pedestals in that, in addition to the bridging member 25, individual conductors 51 are provided having brushes thereon which contact only with the'stand-pipes 5. Slotted openings are made in the shielding members I! as shown at 59 (Fig. 3). The metal of the shielding member isrolled back so as to eliminate the, possibility of corona discharge across the gap in which the conductor 51 is positioned.
  • I have made the shield I! with a longitudinal opening 53 approximately one inch across.
  • the conductor 51 is about one-fourth of an inch in thickness so that an air gap of threeeighths of an inch is maintained on either side of the conductor where it emerges from the inte- 65 which may be raised or lowered at will.
  • a lead screw 61 is provided in cooperation with the support 65.
  • a crank withtransniission gearing similar to that shown in Fig. 1 is also supplied,'controlling the upward and downward movement of the support 65 through the rotation of the lead screw 61. Details of this structure have not been shown because they may be well understoodfrom the showing of the crank and gearing in Fig. 1. It
  • J 40 merous advantages are to be derived from the preferred structural arrangements. For example, when operating such a system to produce and transmit oscillations of a frequency of upwards of ten megacycles, and where it is desirable to apply some thousands of volts as direct current anode potential, this voltage is very satisfactorily isolated from ground and at the same time the high frequency energy is also kept within bounds.
  • My apparatus isso designed that no radio frequency voltages are developed in the region of the intake and outlet hose connections of thecooling system. Prior to the development of my invention, considerable trouble was experienced because of electrolysis taking place at the rubber hose connections.
  • a pair of electron discharge tubes having fluid cooled anodes, a fluid chamber surrounding each of said anodes, tubular risers connecting with said chambers for supplying a cooling fluid thereto, outlet pipes containedwithin said risers,
  • pedestals are provided with insulating supports' 3.
  • pairs of electron discharge tubes each of said tubes having a cathode, a grid, and a fluidcooled anode; shielding pedestals for said tubes; tunable circuits each comprising, at least in part, a conductive stand-pipe shielded by said pedestal;
  • anogie circuit including connections from said anodes to said stand-pipes; adjustable bridging means connecting said stand-pipes for adjusting said anode circuit in at least one pair of said discharge tubes to resonance; and means adjustable on said stand-pipes for coupling portions of said anode circuits to the grids of another of said pairs of discharge tubes whereby energy is transferred from the anodes of one of said pair of tubes to the grids of another of said pair of tubes.
  • a pair of electron discharge tubes each of said tubes having a cathode, a grid, and an anode; shielding pedestals for said tubes; a conductive stand-pipe disposed withineach ofsaidpedestals: a tunable anode circuit for said pair of tubes comprising said stand-pipes, connections,
  • bridging members having resil-- ient brushes adapted to'slidably contact said stand-pipesy the shielding portions of said pedestals being longitudinally slotted'to permit insertion therein of said bridging members, and having the edges of said slots rolled into a bead for minimizing-corona effect; and means for establishing a high-frequency connection to the stand-pipes within said shielding, pedestals.

Description

J. EVANS 0 RADI TRANSMITTER APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 50, 1954 Llll'l /u HW F l llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllll lll ll Jul 13,1937.
IN VE TOE. JalvmEfzwn/s,
July 13, 1937. J. EVANS 2,086,905
I RADIO TRANSMITTER APPARATUS Filed Nov. 50, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 GRID/31198 lllvoos FOTENTl/IL FOTENT/fiL POTENTIflL BE/06E 37 67 7 BRIDGE INVENTOB:
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Patented- July is, 1937' PATENT OFFICE I RADIO TRANSMITTER APPARATUS John Evans, Riverside, N. J., assignor, by 'mesne assignments, to Radio Corporation of America, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application November 30, 1934, Serial No. 755,393
This invention relates to high frequency radio transmitting systems and more particularly to apparatus having an improved form of construction forv supporting and interconnecting high power electron discharge tubes.
I have found that ultra-short waves, say of the order of 30 to 80 megacycles, may be generated and amplified by means of electron discharge tubes having water cooled anodes. The ultra high frequency energy thus produced can be utilized under optimum conditions of efficiency, provided proper precautions are taken to obtain resonant circuits between stages and to so dispose these circuits that they shall be properly shielded at the same time'that they are. suitably coordinated in length withrespect to the ope'rating wave length.
Accordingly, it is among .the objects of my invention to provide apparatus of the character above suggested in which electrical connections 7 between stages of electron discharge tube networks are made adjustable to resonant conditions at the same time that they are properly shielded and insulated.
A further object is to provide a supporting pedestal for an electron discharge tube .inwhich may be disposed any desired portion-of an anode cooling system.
Anotherobject of my invention is to so arrange the output circuits from a pair of water cooled thermionic tubes that such tubes may be suitably operated in a push-pull manner and with a maximum efliciency of output energy.'
Another object is to provide hollow pedestals for tuning and shielding purposes whereby the necessary interconnecting circuits between successive stages of push-pull operated tubes may be obtained, while avoiding some of the serious energy losses which were heretofore inherent in the conventionalmeans for insulating and shielding such circuits.
Another object of my invention is to provide convenient adjusting means for obtaining the necessary electrical lengths of the conductors which are used between two anodes of a pushpull pair of electron discharge tubes and to provide further length-adjusting means for the 0on ductors constituting an output circuit for such tubes. 3
' Among the advantageous features of my invention the following may be mentioned,(1) a tuned circuit isprovided which has an extremely high power factor; (2)'-the dissipation of high frequency energy by creepage over ceramic or other conventional insulators is voided; (3)
radiation losses in the network are made negligible by suitable shielding; (4) inductances and capacitances are efliciently distributed instead of being lumped, thereby avoiding over-heating of the conductors; and (5) a wide range of operating frequencies may be had without departing from an optimum ratio of inductance to capacitance of the network.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of my invention will be more clearly understood upon reference to the following detailed description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view, partly in se tion and somewhat fragmentary, of two pedestals which are adapted for supporting high power electron discharge tubes;
Fig. 2 is a diagram which is referred to in the specification for explaining the theory of operation of my invention; and Fig. 3 is still another diagram presenting more or less in plan view the arrangement of six pedestals which may be suitably assembled with apparatus for obtaining the necessary tuning adjustments as between stages of two pairs of electron discharge tubes operated in a push-pull manner. I
Some ofthe mechanical details of the apparatus herein disclosed correspond closely'to those which have been described ,in my Patent No. 2,051,520, August 18, 1935, and assigned to the assignee of the instant application. In that application there was-disclosed a system of pillars having internally disposed conductors and a bridging memberwhich could be adjusted upf wardly and downwardly in order to obtain a opening I is made between the stand pipe and p j the cooling chamber for admittance pf a cool ing fluid such as water. An intake pipe 9 serves toestablish connections between any suitable source of cooling fluid and the interior of the stand-pipe 5. An outlet pipe ii is disposed with in the stand-pipe and runs the full length thereof for carrying away the water which has ab- Any suitable clamping device such as the ring l5 may be provided for holding the electron discharge tube in position and for sealing the anode withinthe cooling chamber. Surrounding the stand-pipe 5 is a shielding member I! made of metal and having a base l9 formed of any suitable material. The base is supported by insulators 2|. The top end of the tubular shield I1 is rolled over as shown at 23 in order to lize a bridging member 25, the height of which is determined under control of a threaded rod 21, which, in turn, is vertically disposed mid-way betweentwo of the pedestals. The bridging member 25 extends through slots 25 in the shields I1 and has suitably mounted at each end a set of resilient brushes 29. Certain of these brushes bear against the outer wall of each stand-pipe 5,
, while others of the brushes bear against the inner wall of each shielding column IT.
The lead screw. 21 is preferably supported at the bottom thereof by a thrust bearing 3| and at the top by an ordinary bearing 33. The bearings 3| and 33 are supported. on insulators 35, these insulators being attached in any suitable manner skin effect at the frequencies for which my ing member II.
to the shielding members I'I.
Upward and downward adjustment of the v bridging member .25 is obtained by means of a crank 31 the shaft of which carries a bevel gear 39 meshing with a bevel pinion 4|. The pinion 4| is carried on a shaft 43 which is socketed in an insulating member 45. The lead screw 21 is also socketed in this insulating member 45. The metallic parts of the crank and transmission members are thus insulated from the lead screw 21.
In the operation of the device shown in Fig. 1, assuming that two electron discharge tubes are mounted onthe pedestals for a push-pull stage of oscillation generation or amplification, the bridging member 25 will be so adjusted that standing waves will be formed between the anodes of the two tubes. High frequency currents traverse the upper portions of the stand-pipes 5, also the brushes 23 and the shielding members l1. At the center of ,the bridge 25 a node of energy is also developed. The high frequency energy which traverses the, interior walls of the shielding members I! above the bridging member reacts both inductively and capacitively upon the opposing walls of the stand-pipes 5. This inductance and capacitance constitute an essential part of the tuned circuit; while the bridging member and the other elements which conductively interconnect the anodes of the two tubes form a balancingcircuit having a nodal point at its center of symmetry, which is also the center of the bridging member25. Below the bridging.mem-
her there is substantially no leakage of high frequency currents. Furthermore, the so-calledapparatus is intended to be worked is so great that substantially no high frequency currents are'developed on the exterior walls of the shield- In order to supply suitable anode potentials to the electron discharge tubes which are sup-. ported by my pedestals,- as shown in Fig. 1, any
sorbed heat from the anode. of the radio tube.
This pipe H terminates at the top in a receptacle l3 for the anode.
suitable connection (not shown) may be made at the bottom of each stand-pipe, say by strapping a conductor to the intake pipe 3. Usually,
be satisfactorily tuned. In this diagram there appear two electron discharge tubes 41 constituting a first stage, and two more tubes'49 constituting a second stage. These tubes are somewhat conventionally represented as having each acathode 5|, a grid 53 and an anode 55. As is usual in high power transmission networks, the anode 55 extends outwardly from the glass envelope of the vacuum tube in order that it may be properly cooled in a water jacket. The tubes 41 are indicated as mounted upon two of the pedestals such as those shown in Fig. 1. In this case, however, a modification is -made in the pedestals in that, in addition to the bridging member 25, individual conductors 51 are provided having brushes thereon which contact only with the'stand-pipes 5. Slotted openings are made in the shielding members I! as shown at 59 (Fig. 3). The metal of the shielding member isrolled back so as to eliminate the, possibility of corona discharge across the gap in which the conductor 51 is positioned.
In an embodiment of my invention which has beenbuilt, I have made the shield I! with a longitudinal opening 53 approximately one inch across. The conductor 51 is about one-fourth of an inch in thickness so that an air gap of threeeighths of an inch is maintained on either side of the conductor where it emerges from the inte- 65 which may be raised or lowered at will.
It is desirable to tune the circuit connections between stages. For this purpose a lead screw 61 is provided in cooperation with the support 65. A crank withtransniission gearing similar to that shown in Fig. 1 is also supplied,'controlling the upward and downward movement of the support 65 through the rotation of the lead screw 61. Details of this structure have not been shown because they may be well understoodfrom the showing of the crank and gearing in Fig. 1. It
will be seen, however,-that the two condensers 63, as well as the conductors connecting their opposing plates, are all supported through insulating means on one carrier 65, so that they can be raised and lowered together. Brushes 69, mounted on the conductors 51, engage with the stand pipes 5 at some suitable elevation for taking ofi output energy from the discharge tubes 41. This energy is transmitted through the con- 7 densers 63 and thence through the conductors H II to other brushes [3 .which contact with tubular posts within the next pair "of pedestals. From the tops of these posts. short flexible leads are carried to the grids 50 of the tubes 49 respectively. By virtue of the adjustability of the elevation of the condensers 63 and bridging conductors 51' and II it is possible to provide optior to' an antenna system.
'I have found that in the operation of the ap- ,paratus', as herein shown and described, nu-
of service. J 40 merous advantages are to be derived from the preferred structural arrangements. For example, when operating such a system to produce and transmit oscillations of a frequency of upwards of ten megacycles, and where it is desirable to apply some thousands of volts as direct current anode potential, this voltage is very satisfactorily isolated from ground and at the same time the high frequency energy is also kept within bounds. My apparatus isso designed that no radio frequency voltages are developed in the region of the intake and outlet hose connections of thecooling system. Prior to the development of my invention, considerable trouble was experienced because of electrolysis taking place at the rubber hose connections. The rubber itself wasactually disintegrated after a comparatively short term Since in my apparatus no high frequency energy is dissipated below the bridging .member 25, ,no such electrolysis can take place at the bottom of the stand-pipe, or at the hose connections. So-far as high frequencies are concerned, the base of the stand-pipe and the base oi 1 the shielding member [-1 are both non-conductors. The twotubes 41 being worked in phase opposi- .tion to one another. develop currents which must of necessity neutralize each other across the bridge 25,- provided. this bridge is adjusted to the proper level.
Many other advantages result from. the car I ryingout or my invention in the mannerherein taught; Although I have shown a certain specific embodiment and have illustrated my invention in itsapplic'ation to transmitters having push-pull operated electron tubes, it is to be understood that many modifications may be made therein without departing irom the spirit and scope of the invention. I do not intend, therefore, to bev limitedexcept in-so-far as is necessitated by the prior artand by the spirit of the appended claims. I claim. as my invention:
1. In a device of the class described, in combination, a pair of electron discharge tubes having fluid cooled anodes, a fluid chamber surrounding each of said anodes, tubular risers connecting with said chambers for supplying a cooling fluid thereto, outlet pipes containedwithin said risers,
pedestals are provided with insulating supports' 3. In a device of the class described, in combination, pairs of electron discharge tubes, each of said tubes having a cathode, a grid, and a fluidcooled anode; shielding pedestals for said tubes; tunable circuits each comprising, at least in part, a conductive stand-pipe shielded by said pedestal;
. and anogie circuit including connections from said anodes to said stand-pipes; adjustable bridging means connecting said stand-pipes for adjusting said anode circuit in at least one pair of said discharge tubes to resonance; and means adjustable on said stand-pipes for coupling portions of said anode circuits to the grids of another of said pairs of discharge tubes whereby energy is transferred from the anodes of one of said pair of tubes to the grids of another of said pair of tubes.
4. In a device of the class described, incombination, a pair of electron discharge tubes, each of said tubes having a cathode, a grid, and an anode; shielding pedestals for said tubes; a conductive stand-pipe disposed withineach ofsaidpedestals: a tunable anode circuit for said pair of tubes comprising said stand-pipes, connections,
from the anodes of said pair of tubes to said stand-pipes, and bridging members having resil-- ient brushes adapted to'slidably contact said stand-pipesy the shielding portions of said pedestals being longitudinally slotted'to permit insertion therein of said bridging members, and having the edges of said slots rolled into a bead for minimizing-corona effect; and means for establishing a high-frequency connection to the stand-pipes within said shielding, pedestals.
5. A device in accordance with claim 3 and having male and female threaded means-for so adjusting the positions of said bridging members as to obtain conditions of resonance between the anodes 0! said tubes. a
6. A device in accordance with claim 4 and having male and female threadedmeans for so adjusting the positions of said bridging members as to obtain standing waves in said anodev circuit.
JOHN EVANS.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424002A (en) * 1940-11-04 1947-07-15 Research Corp High-frequency electronic tube
US2497854A (en) * 1943-02-25 1950-02-21 Melvin D Baller Ultra high frequency ring oscillator
US2523725A (en) * 1945-11-03 1950-09-26 Western Electric Co Tuning plunger for variable resonant cavities
US4317224A (en) * 1979-08-07 1982-02-23 Siemens-Albis Ag Oil-cooled radar transmitter apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2424002A (en) * 1940-11-04 1947-07-15 Research Corp High-frequency electronic tube
US2497854A (en) * 1943-02-25 1950-02-21 Melvin D Baller Ultra high frequency ring oscillator
US2523725A (en) * 1945-11-03 1950-09-26 Western Electric Co Tuning plunger for variable resonant cavities
US4317224A (en) * 1979-08-07 1982-02-23 Siemens-Albis Ag Oil-cooled radar transmitter apparatus

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