US2079206A

US2079206A - Voltage regulating equipment

Info

Publication number: US2079206A
Application number: US51020A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph W Graff; Samuel J Spurgeon
Original assignee: SOUTHERN STATES EQUIPMENT CO
Current assignee: SOUTHERN STATES EQUIPMENT CO
Priority date: 1935-11-22
Filing date: 1935-11-22
Publication date: 1937-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 1954-05-04

Description

y 1937. v J. w. GRAFF ET AL I 2,079,206

VOLTAGE REGULATING EQUIPMENT Filed Nov. 22, 1955 INVENTORS Patented May 4, 1937 UNIT-so STATES PATENT orr ca e e tenses my fiemmmrt I e I. e

1 Joseph W. Grail, ,Homewood, and Samuel J.

Spurgeon, Birmingham, Ala., assignors of onethird to Southern States Equipment 00., Bir- I a mingham, Ala.

- "Application November 22, 1935, Serial No. 51,020

6 Claims. on. 171-119) One purpose of this invention is to providea transformer means whereby the voltage 'of a circuit for the distribution ot'electrical energy may be increased automatically when the load in the 5 circuitis increased and thevoitage tends to decrease, thereby tending to prevent excessive voltage drop-in parts of the circuit fed by the transformer.- Another purpose'is to provide a transformer of which the secondary output remains in constant =in-voltage although the supply voltage to it may vary over a given range. Another purpose is to' provide a voltage regulator'appiicabie for use remote from the source of power, whereby voltage" at the distant end of a circuitbeyond the regulator may be automatically increased when the'load in the-circuit has increased. And

another object 5 is to-attain' the above results without the use of movable coils, cores, or similar main members. However, this does not preclude oi the equipment";

One of the principles used in the invention is to regulate the magnetic-fluxinone part of a magnetic circuit in accordance with variations in the voltage in a conducting circuit,*andby this regulation to modify the magnetic flux in an adjacent magnetic path; this last modification producing the desired changes in voltage in a conductor which surrounds the said adjacent magnetic path, which conductor is in series with the output circuit.

Referring to the drawing, the' single figure shows in diagram one arrangement of apparatus in which the invention is embodied.

" The drawing shows an iron'transformer core A, B, C,-D, E, F, G, H, J, K, pause: which are encircledby the primary winding I, the secon'darylwinding 2, the regulating winding 3, and

the controlwindings'-4,'5, 6 and 1. The input is over the conductors 8; 9 and theoutput is over a the conductors l0, ii. Connected in the output circuit l0, ii is the regulating winding 3 which encircles the G portion of the core.

and 5 are in series, and they are connected 5 through the conductors i2, 13 into a closed circuit with the variable'reactor ll.

The coils of H which are in circuit with l2, ii are wound in series with one another, and the magnetic flux tends to flow as shown by the arrows, or else the reverse. The middle coil of II is connected through the conductors i5, ii to the regulating devices. Connected to the circuit III, II is the bridge l'l comprised of two resistors ll of low temperature coefficient and two resistors ll of high-temperature coefllcient, such the use of movingparts in the control'members netizing currents. through the The coils 4,

has lamps. One mid point onthe'bridge is connected through I8 to'the grid of vacuum tube 24; and the other midpoint, through i9 connected to one end of the secondary of transformer 20. The primary of transformer "is energized from the circuit II, II. The plate-circuit oithe vacuum tube 24 is connected'to the grid of the vacuum tube 45, and "the condenser 25 and other parts are connected as shown. ';As described in Electronics for March; i934,v such "equipment will operate to cause unidirectional pulsating current to'ilow through the'circuit [5, liwhenever the voltage of thecircuit illfli .drops below the voltageat which the bridge atil is balanced. A similar bridge is also, connected to the .circuitill, II, but thelamps and resistors aretr'ansposed as compared with thebr idge llfari'd therefore it is when the voltage in circuit 10, ll rises above the balance point thatzdire'c't current flows through'the circuit 21, 28. Between the bridge and itscontrolled circuit is connected through a the conductors 30, H to the coils 6, 1.

Operation is as follows: v When the load on the main transformer and the primary voltage on the circuit 8, 9 are such that the desired secondary voltage is maintained on the circuit Ni, H, with the current flow in at l and out at 9, the magnetic flux in the core will be up in A, right inB' and E, down in C, D, J, and K, and left in H and There will be no flux through G, except that due to the current flow in the coil 3, for the high reactance of H and 29 prevent the flow of any. current, except magcontrol coils l,5,i,|.

Now when low primaryvoltage, .or an increase of load on the secondary circuit, produces conditionsfof low secondary voltage, the regulating bridge I! and the associated equipment send current through the circuit [5, I6. Thisiends to magnetize with direct current the core of thereactor ll, so that less flux can pass through it in response to the flow of magnetizing current in the circuit i2, i3. Therefore the reariance of the reactor H is reduced and some induced cur rent is allowed to now through the coils 4, 5.

The magnetomotive force of this induced current opposes and subtracts from the flux which produces it, and so diverts some flux through J, and D. This reduction of flux in C and K and the increase through J and D, force flux through G from right to left, at the assumed instants when current flow is in at I and out at 0. At each alternation, the directions of current flow and magnetic ilux are changed, but the'assumed instants are the same throughout this specification. This flux through G produces in coil I a voltage which supplements the voltage of the coil 2, and so the voltage in circuit II, II is raised very nearly to normal.

Conversely, when higher voltage is present in the circuit III, II, the bridge It acts to produce direct current'in the circuit 21, 2'. This in turn increases the flow of current in the coils C, 1, and the net result is a greater flux through C, G, K, H. This flux from left to right through G creates in the coil 3 a voltage that subtracts from the voltage of the coil 2, and so voltage oi the circuit IO, N is reduced to substantially normal.

Depending upon the proportions of the windings and the voltages applied, the balance of magnetic flux at diflerent instants may vary somewhat, and when it is said that flow of current in a coil produces a certain magnetic flux it is meant that it produces a magneto-motive force in that direction; and this tendency may result either in the actual production of flux as stated. or it may merely reduce the flux which is already flowing in the opposite direction. Also when it is said that there is a flow of current in one direction, it is understood that there is a tendency for current to flow in that direction, and if some current was already flowing in the opposite direction, the net result may merely be a reduction of the latter current. In either case, the effects produced upon the final results are the same, and this explanation applies throughout the specification and claims.

By proper proportioning of the members, and adjustment of the control equipment, the applied voltage of the secondary circuit is increased when the load increases and decreased when the load decreases, so that a relatively stationary voltage is maintained at terminals of the circuit II, II, where lamps, motors, and other appliances are being used. Since the control as described is electrical, rather than electro-mechanical, thechanges in regulation occur immediately and automatically and without any motion oi any of the coils or cores oi. the. transformer.

For heavys'zes oi equipment there are some advantages in the use of electro-mechanical control devices for the application of the flux-shitting currents to the transformer core. For this purpose, a suitable contact-making voltmeter operating a small motor-operated rheostat in the unidirectional or D. C. circuit may be used without departing from the spirit or purpose of this invention.

We have shown only a few methods of using this invention: and there are many modifications which can readily be made in the various parts of the equipment here described, without departing from the spirit and purpose of the invention,

We claim:

1. voltage regulating equipment comprising an incoming exciting circuit, an outgoing circuit, a closed magnetic path surrounded by the said exciting circuit, one portion of the said path consisting oi two branches joined together at both ends, a cross-path connecting the mid portions of the said branches, 1. regulating winding surrounding the said cross-path and connected in series with the outgoing circuit, together with means to change the relative direction of magnetic flux in the said cross path.

2. Voltage regulating equipment comprising an incoming exciting circuit, an outgoing circuit, a closed magnetic path surrounded by the said exciting circuit, one portion oi the said path consisting of two branches joined together at both ends, a cross-path connecting the mid portions of the said branches, a regulating winding surrounding the said cross-path and connected in series with the outgoing circuit, together with automatic means to change the relative direction of magnetic flux in the said cross-path in coordination with changa. in the voltage of the said exciting circuit.

3. In voltage regulating equipment, a closed magnetic circuit, one portion of which consists oi two magnetically parallel branches with a cross-path connecting the mid-portions oi the said branches, a regulating coil about the said cross-path and in series with a regulated circuit, together with means to change the relative direction of magnetic flux through the said cross-path.

4. In voltage regulating equipment, a closed magnetic circuit, one portion of which consists of two magnetically parallel branches with a cross-path connecting the mid-portions oi the said branches, a regulating coil about the said cross-path and in series with a regulated circuit, together with control coils about the said parallel branches of the magnetic circuit.

5. In voltage regulating equipment, a closed magnetic circuit, one portion oi which consists of two magnetically parallel branches with a cross-path connecting the mid-portions oi the said branches, a regulating coil about the said cross-path and in series with a regulated circuit, together with control coils about the said parallel branches of the magnetic circuit, said control coils being operable when. energized to change the relative polarity of the voltage developed in the said regulating coil.

6. In voltage regulating equipment, a closed magnetic circuit, one portion of which consists of two magnetically parallel branches with a cross-path connecting the mid-portions of the said branches, a regulating coil about the said cross-path and in series with a regulated circuit, together with automatic means to change the relative direction of magnetic flux through the said cross-path in coordination with changes of voltage in the regulated circuit.

JOSEPH w. 0am. SAMUEL J. SPURGEON.