US2077842A - Coke oven and like furnace - Google Patents

Description

April 20, 1937.

E. KUHL ET AL led Nov. 16, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 572)(:251Z lf2 7 77 23 3 2- i I 5 11 -:I

1 ylgL-ZH lll 'l 134 27 24 g5 /gl fgflrllnlunn'n'1tl5 5926/. 596.@ /2 /C- f7 19 7g' 19 9 y 75 15 2LP/v; ,[7 l ,1714 14 ../48 3 u/ g'Z X9 161 ,16 f5 April 20, 1937. E. Kul-1|. ET Al. 2,077,842

COKE OVEN AND LIKE FURNACE Filed Nov. 16, 1934 3 Sheets-'Sheet 2 H/ 62% 6 54 5; 28 Tl *j l 1 5 31, 2 29 I 7. lll 1 I! l; J3 l I;

l l! '5.4 II ll April 20, 1937. E. KUHL ET AL.

COKE OVEN AND LIKE FURNACE Filed Nov. 16, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 nvenors: www

Patented Apr. 20, 1937 UNITED sTATEs 2,017,842 ooKE ovEN AND vLIKE FURNACE Eduard Kuh! and Theodor Kreis, Essen,

Germany Application November 16, 1934, Serial No. 753,280 In Germany November 16, 1933 Claims.

Our invention relates to coke ovens and similar furnaces and has particular reference to the heating walls of such appliances. The object of our invention is to impart to the heating walls 5 a suillcient strength against the lateral pressures occurring in service.

, These lateral pressures are due to various causes, in particular to the expansion of the coal.

As known, the expansion pressure of the coal occurs by the coal, when in plastic condition, to a.

more or less extent resisting to the escapement of the gases. Particularly high pressures, which are a danger for the heating walls, occur if the coal after having become plastic is very stickv, so

that considerable pressures must be produced in the interior of the charge Vin order that the gases are capable of escaping through the mass. This 4expansion pressure of the charge is very dangerous because it does not occur simultaneously on the two heating walls of two adjacent coking chambers owing to the chambers being filled at different times, the pressure thus acting to its full extent on one of the two heating walls, that means, unilaterally.

Lateral pressures further occur upon pushing the charge, more particularly when the coke cake has shrunk only slightly and therefore has jammed between the heating walls. Furthermore, the heat expansions are to be mentioned here which occur in the first heating of the chambers and have a very destructive effect on the bond of the bricks.

These lateral pressures not only effect loosening of the bond of the masonry, which hitherto in the most cases consisted of prismatic bricks, and therefore gave rise to leakage of the wall, but these pressures, more particularly due to the expansion pressure of the charge, frequently cause complete destruction of the wall. Wellknown is the phenomenon of the walls being fiattened down, which leads to the feared edge jamming of the bricks.

Hitherto one has attempted to overcome these drawbacks by a reduction of the expansion of the charge and of'the other lateral pressures by a special preparatory treatment of the coal. It has, however, not been attempted yet successfully to go the fundamentally other way, namely, so to construct the bond of the masonry of the heating walls, that the bond is capable of withstanding notably higher lateral pressures than hitherto.

Heating walls for coking chambers have been constructed, true, by means of bricks interengaging by wedge surfaces, Such wedge surfaces,

however, act only in the individual horizontal courses, whilst the connection between two courses of bricks in the most cases is established by groove and feather. Consequently, the pressure exerted upon an individual brick is' trans- 5 mitted in this case only to some adjacent bricks wall. The local indentations caused by such pressures not only endanger the. masonry by edge-jamming, but also impede to a great extent the pushing of the coke cake which requires smooth heating wall surfaces. 15 Our invention therefore has for its object heating walls for coking chambers and the like appliances which are adapted to withstand higher lateral pressures.. We attain this object by giving the bricks of which the wall is composed in- 20 clined mutual contact surfaces so that they form an all-side wedge bond in/f* such a manner that any pressure exerted infa direction extending vertically to the surfacel of the heating wall upon an individual brick is transmitted to the adja- A2k cent bricks.

In order that our invention may be clearly understood and readily carriedinto effect, two preferred embodiments of the same are represented in the accompanying drawings by wayl 30 of example. In these drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of our improved bond,

Figures 2A4B are lateral 'views of the bricks adapted to form this bond, A3E Figure 5 is a section on line V--V of Figure 1, Figure 6 shows the bond of the other embodiment in perspective view,

Figures '7A to 10B are each two views of thebricks appertaining to this bond, and I' 40 Figure 11 is a section on line XII-Xi of Figure 6.

Figure 12 shows the whole heating wall.

Referring to these drawings, the heating walls are formed by the courses of stretchers I, Figures 45 1 and 6, and the headers 2 which interconnect the former and leave free between them the heating flues v3. 'I'hese heating walls-rest in known manner at a certain mutual distance on a` foundation masonry, so as to form between them 50 coking chambers.

On top they are covered by a suitable cover structure and limited on their narrow sides by buckstays. This framework structure must be strong enough to withstand the totality of pres- 55 sures mentioned above. The cover structure I0 and the lateral buckstays 20 are schematically marked in Figure 1.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 the headers are formed by the bricks 4 and 5 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The brick 4 has a head in. the form of a truncated pyramid to the smaller end surface of which is attached a prism 'I having a trapezoidal base surface, see Figure 2B. The lateral surfaces 8 which in the bond form the upward lower surface thereof, thus are concave, whilst to the lateral surfaces 9 are attached parallel surfaces II which conne the heating fiues 3.

In each course of headers, bricks 5, Figures 3A and 3B, lie behind one another with the bricks 4. The bricks 5 have also a head I2 formed. by a truncated pyramid, and a prismatic portion I3 which, however, is attached to the large base surface of said pyramid. The lateral surfaces I4 which in the bond lie on top and bottom, respectively, thus are convex and exactly fit in the surfaces 8, Figure 5. The inclined surfaces I5 and lateral surfaces I6 of the brick, Figure 3A, lie vertically in the bond. The surfaces I6 confine the heating chambers as Well as tle""smal1 shoulder surfaces II by which the head I2 protrudes beyond the portion I3.

The construction of the header is made in such a manner that in each course a brick 4A and a brick 5 are laid behind one another, whilst in the next course these two sorts of bricks are laid in inverse direction, so that the convex surfaces I4 exactly engage the concave surfaces 8 and on the surface of the heating wall alternate the end surface I8, Figure 2B, with the vend faces I9, Figure 3A.

It will be seen already from the foregoing that if a high pressure is exerted upon the described course in the direction of arrow 2|, Figure 5, which is easily possible by means of the cover structure, the bricks of each of these courses are wedged to one another in a manner such as to form a rigid girder which takes up the pressures laterally exerted upon the heating wall in the direction of the arrows 22. Obviously the same effect is obtained, if the surfaces 8 and. I4 do not consist of plane surface portions, as shown, but are curved.

The headers are interconnected by bricks 23, Figures 4A and 4B. These bricks have prismatoidic shape with two rectangular end surfaces 24, 25'and four trapezoidal lateral surfaces 26,`

2'I. The inclination of the surfaces 26 exactly corresponds to that of the surfaces 9 and I5. On the other hand, also the inclination of the surfaces 21 corresponds to that of the head surfaces 8 and I4. As Figure 1 shows, the bricks 23 are laid in the course of stretchers, where they lie beside the heads I2 of the bricks 5, with the surface 25 outside, whilst in the next upper and lower course their surface 24 is outside. By superposition of the bricks 23 and turning them 180 degrees in the horizontal plane in each followingI course thus a conclusive connection is obtained between the individual heads.

If for example any lateral pressure occurs in the direction of the arrows 22, Figure 5, upon the surface 25 f a brick 23, this pressure is transmitted by the surface 26 to the laterally adjacent heads I2. If pressure is exerted upon the surface 24, it is transmitted by the inclined surfaces 21 to the brick 23 situated above or below and from there to the heads I2.

If the pressure is exerted upon. the surface I8,

it is directly transmitted in upward and downward direction to the heads I2 and then by the adjacent bricks 23 indirectly to the heads I2. If pressure is exerted on a surface i9, it is transmitted to the upper or lower brick 4 through the intermediary of the inner portions of the surface 8, Figure 2B, which can be held in position by the farther adjacent bricks 5 as well as, in general, by the wedged interconnection of the course of headers. The pressure exerted upon an individual brick thus is transmitted at any rate to the entire heating wall, so that the wall can give way only to such an extent as it corresponds to its total elasticity. As usual, the joints are filled with a suitable refractory mortar, in order to eliminate small'inaccuracies.

As it will be seen from the foregoing, the bricks y form a wedge bond and the pressure exerted upon an. individual brick in the direction vertical to the surface oi the heating wall is transmitted by two or more adjacent bricks. There is, however, not only this simple transmission, but pressure components are produced also in the direction of the surface of the heating wall itself, which powerfully press the bricks onto one another upon occurrence of a lateral pressure in the direction of the surface of the heating wall. Any leakage is thus prevented and edge-jamming and breakage of the bricks is made impossible. These lateral pressure components thus to a great extent secure the interconnection of the bricks.

In order to maintain a sufcient free cross sectional area of the heating iiues 3 the bricks 23 may be made adequately long. Their length may be reduced by the heads I2 and 6 of the bricks 4 and 5, respectively, seen in the horizontal plane being enlarged.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 to 11, two bricks 28, Figure 10, are laid behind one another in the course of headers, as shown in Figure 11, whilst in the next course a brick 29, Figures 9A and 9B, with one of its surfaces 3| is laid onto the inner halves of the bricks 28. The outer surfaces 32 of the bricks 29 are bridged by prismatic bricks 33, Figures 7A and 7B, whilst bricks 34, Figures 8A and 8B, are interposed between the outer ends of the bricks 28. These bricks 34 correspond in shape to the bricks 23, Figures 4A and 4B, of the first embodiment.

As it will be seen, also in this embodiment the course of headers is wedged to form a rigid wall, if a pressure is exerted upon the wall normal to its surface. This rigid wall takes up any lateral pressure and prevents any shift of an individual brick. If pressure is exerted upon a brick 33, it is transmitted to the respective bricks 29, if it is exerted upon a brick 34, it is transmitted by means of the upper and lower inclined surfaces of these bricks tothe upper and lower bricks 33 and from those to the bricks 29. In this embodiment too the portions of the bricks 28 that are inserted in the course of stretchers may be made larger, in order to reduce the length of the bricks 34.

We claim:

1. A heating wall structure for the purpose set forth composed of individual bricks, said bricks having surfaces in contact with 'the adjacent bricks, end surfaces on said bricks, four contact surfaces bounded on one of said end surfaces, two opposite ones of said contact surfaces wedgelike converging on one another in the one sense normally to the surface of the heating wall, and the two opposite remaining contact surfaces in the other sense.

2.. A heating wall structure for the purpose set forth composed of individual bricks, said bricks having surfaces being in contact with the adjacent bricks, all of said contact surfaces of each brick wedge-like converging on one another, a part of them converging toward the rear side of the heating wall enabling the brick to be supported by the adjacent bricks being in contact with these surfaces and to transmit any pressure exerted upon said brick toward the rear side of the heating wall to the said adjacent bricks, the other remaining part of said contact faces converging toward the front side of the heating wall enabling the adjacent bricks being in contact with these surfaces to be supported by the said brick and to transmit any pressure exerted upon them toward the rear 'side of the heating wall to the said brick.

3. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, a plurality of headers connecting them, heating flues formed between two adjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, said stretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposed horizontal courses, header-bricks engaging a stretcher by a head, said head having truncated pyramidal shape, the appurtenant imaginary pyramid point of said heads of subsequent courses alternatively being situated in front of and behind the stretcher.

4. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, a plurality of headers connecting them, heating ues formed between two adjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, said stretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposed horizontal courses, said headers engaging the course of stretchers by a head, intermediate bricks situated between said heads and having prismatoidic` shape with six surfaces, two of said surfaces being rectangular and parallel with one another, whilst the remaining surfaces are trapezoidal and pairwise converge on one another in a wedge-like manner in the one or other sense normally to the surface of the heating wall.

5. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, a plurality of headers connecting them, heating ues formed between two adjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, said stretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposed horizontal courses, said bricks being of four different shapes, two bricks of the iirst shape being provided at top and bottom with wedge-shaped narrowed portions and lying behind one another and forming the course of headers and by their heads a portion of the course of stretchers, a brick of the second shape being provided at top and bottom with wedge-shaped narrowed portions and thereby engaging over the inner halves of the two bricks of the first shape, a brick of the third shape being of prismatic shape with trapezoidal base surface and being arranged in the course of stretchers and supported by the ends of two bricks of the second shape, and a brick of the fourth shape arranged between the heads of the bricks of the first shape and having prismatoidic shape.

EDUARD KUHL. THEODOR KRETZ.

Images