US2075489A - Cutting machine - Google Patents

Description

March 3G, 193?. H. c. WARNER ET AL CUTTING MACHINE Filed 061;. .6, 1931 4 SheeLS-Sheer,- l

'cgrrr A V@ Erl? ATTORNEY;

March 30, 1937.

H. c. WARNER Er Al., CUTTING MACHINE Filed Oct. e, 1951 4 sheets-sheet 2 @21M xy-umh 'K ATTORNEYS 4 SheerIs-Sheetj IIIII INVENTORS .Warner Inmu- March 30, N3?,

H. c. WARNER ET AL CUTTING MACHINE Filed oct. 6, 1931 March 30, 1937; H. c.wARNER ET Al.

CUTTING MACHINE Filed oct. e; 1931 4 sheets-sheet 4 n w@ l .z l| mhwm W W m? w wv b, DW Nw nb\\ QN SN 3 O mm. EN @QN NS. Qa. Q Y

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s ma mr n mw Mm Era Vd T WWMWM c# m rw aM/M# i Patented Mar. 3o, 1937 UNITED sTATE's PATENT OFFICE CUTTING MACHINE i Y Application october s, 1931, seran No. 561,276

17 Claims.

This invention relates to cutting machines, and

is Vparticularly applicable to hobbing machines,`

milling machines and the like.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved machine in which a-number of independent units may be conveniently grouped together and attended by a single operator.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved machine having few and simple parts. v

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved machine unit in which the cutting operations may be carried on automatically, and

during such operation the machine unit will be' Figure 1 is aside elevational view, with parts" broken away or in section, of an assembled machine having a number of machine units designed for hobbing gears; I

Figure 2 is a verticall sectional view of one unit taken on the line II-II of Figure 1; y

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line III- DI of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional View taken on the line IV--IV of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a sectional view take-n on the line V-Vof Figure 4; and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevational view of the gears constituting the differential and which appear in section in Figure 5.

The apparatus shown comprises a stationary bed I upon which and adapted to rotate about a vertical axis is mounted a base or table 2. The central `portion of the bed extends upwardly through the center of the base, as indicated at 3, while the base has a downwardly extending central flange 4 itting within the hollow of the bed and surrounding the projection 3.

The exterior of the bed is formed with an upturned flange 5 forming an annular trough 6 for the reception of cooling uid and chips. l Keyed to the downwardly projecting ange 4 in the horizontal flange 2li,L and in a housing or of the base is a worm wheel 'I with which meshes a worm 8 carried by a horizontal shaft 9 journalled within the bed and connected by means of a clutch I0 with an electric motor II or other driving means, so that the motor, through the 5 worm and worm wheel, causes the base to rotate upon the bed.

An upwardly extending tubular column I2 is secured to the central projection 3 of the bed, as by boltsl or screws I3 andvserves to support 10 an insulating ring Il carrying a plurality of collector rings I5 connected by suitable conductors I 6 with a source of electric current. This column has no other function than .the supporting of the collector rings or commutator mechanism, 15

and'is shown as extending to the top of the m`a` chine merely to support the collector rings in a convenient and accessible position. Obviously, these -might be suspended from the ceiling or mounted elsewhere, as directly upon the tcp of 20,

the central projection of the bed. i

Secured upon the upper surface of the base or platform 2 are a number of independent machine units, each shown as constituting in eiect a hobbing machine, separate from and independ- 25 ent of each of the others.- p t Each machine unit consists of a main frame I'I having at its bottom a horizontal flange I8 secured upon the upper surface of the base as by screws I9 and providedy on its top with a substantially 30 I horizontal ange 20 on which is supported an electric motor 2l having conductors 22 con- 'nected to brushes 23 supported on an insulating bracket 24, and engaging the collector rings upon the central column. i

The motor shaft is provided 'with a grooved pulley 25 which drives V'belts passing over a second grooved pulley 2li mounted upon a horizontal shaft 21 journalled in a. housing 28 secured to the upper side of the ange .20. VThe inner 40 end of the shaft has keyed to it a bevelled gear 29 meshing with a bevelled'gear 30 secured .to the upper end of a vertical shaft 3I journalled bracket 32 secured to the frame oi' the unit. 4

Formed upon the frame are two pairs of vertical ways 33 and 34 on one pair, 33, of which is slidably mounted a carriage` 35 having formed upon it horizontal ways 36, and in these horizontal ways a slide or carrier 31 is arranged for translation. L

Upon the carriage is journalled. a horizontal Y shaft 33 having at one end a bevelled gear 39 .i meshing withabevelled gear 40 splined to the 55 vertical shaft 3|, these two bevelled gears being housed within a projection 4| of the carriage.

The horizontal shaft 38 is itself splined to another horizontal shaft 42 journalled upon the slide, and is provided at its end with a bevelled gear 43 meshing with a bevelled gear44. The last mentioned gear is secured to a shaft 45 carried by a head 46 adiustably connected to the slide and arranged to be adjusted angularly l0 about the axes of the horizontal shafts 88 and 42, and the head-carries, within a housing-like extension 41, change gears 48 by which a spindle 49, also joui-nailed in the head, may be driven from the vertical shaft at any selected speed. Upon this spindle is secured a hob or cutting tool 50. Preferably the carriage is fed downwardly, and a counterweight is provided to compensate' for the weight of the carriage, being connected thereto as by cables or a chain passing from sheaves supported upon the upper portion of the frame.

As above mentioned, the lower end of the vertical shaft 3| is journalled within a bracket 32 secured to the frame, `and within this bracket the shaft has keyed to ita bevelled gear 5| meshing with a bevelled gear 52 upon a horizontal stub shaft 53 also `iournalled in the bracket, and provided at its other end with a spur pinion 54 which drives a spur pinionr 55 secured to the end of a horizontal shaft 56.

The end of the horizontal shaft adjacent the pinion is journalled in the bracket, while the shaft itself extends through a housing, 51 in which it is also journalled, being provided on its outer end with a change gear 58 meshing with a second change gear 59 upon a parallel shaft E0 also J'ournalled in this housing.

The last mentioned shaft has formed upon it,

within the housing 51, a skew gear 8| and a worm 82. The worm meshes with a worm wheel G3 rotatably mounted upon a spindle 64 supported in bearings 85 and 88 within the housing.

Keyed to the worm wheel is a gear 61 with which mesh pinions 68 consituting part of a spur differential mechanism, these pinions in turn meshing with other pinions 59 of a differential mechanism, which latter engage a gear 10 keyed to the spindle. The two sets of pinions are journailed within a drum-like ring 1| having on its exterior gear teeth engaged by the conjugate teeth of a gear 12 formed upon a sleeve 13 journalled in the housing. Passing through the sleeve is a rod 14 secured at its upper end to the carriage as by screws, and provided on its exterior with a generally helical groove or land 15. At-

` tached to the lower end of the sleeve is'a nut 18,

conveniently made by casting bearing metal aboutvthe rod "I4, and having a land or groove engaging groove or land 15 of the rod,'so that as the carriage is moved upwardly or downwardp ly the `sleeve is rotated, and this motion is transmitted to the differential mechanism, and sol causes a variation ofthe rotation of the spindle 65 in proportion with the upward and downward movement of the carriage.

Different rods, each with its conjugate nut,

will be supplied for -helical gears of different leads. If it is desired to cut a spur gear, a rod mechanism may be entirely omitted, the worm wheel being permanently secured to the spindle.

A hood 11 is attached to the upper end of the spindle and overlies the upper end of the hous-` ing, so that dirt, chips, andlubricant will be excluded from the interior of the housing.

The spindle above referred'to is intended to hold a center, arbor, or the like by which the .work is supported, and to rotate this in proper relation to the rotation of the tool upon the spindle 49 above described.

Mounted upon guideways 34 is a tailstock 18, shown as providedwith acenter 19, and arranged to support the upper end of the work, its arbor, or the like. The mechanism for lowering the tailstock into suporting engagement with the work, or raising it to facilitate the removal or replacement of the work, is shown as a rack upon the frame, a pinion 8| engaging the rack and carried by the tailstock, and a crank 82 for rotating the pinion.

A transverse shaft -83 extends through the housing 51 above described and through al housing 84 at the other side of the framc,.being journalled within both these housings and provided adjacent one -end with a skew gear 85 meshing with skew gear 6|. 'I'he other end of the shaft is provided with a change gear 86 meshing with a change gear 81 upon a parallelv shaft 88 journalled in housing 84 andpro'vided on the interior thereof with a worm 89. i

This worm engages a worm wheel 90 carried by a vertical shaft 9| journalled within the housing. This shaft is provided with a drum 92, upon the cylindrical surface of which is a cam groove 93, in which is situated a follower-roller 94 secured to a vertically'slidable bar 95, which, in

y turn, is connected by means of a reversely threaded screw 98 to the carriage 35, so that the latter may be moved up and down by the rotation of the drum. I'he reversely threaded screw is, of course, provided for adjustment between the bar and carriage.

Upon the upper surface 'of the drum is formed a cam groove 91 within which runs a roller 98 secured to a bell-crank lever 99 pivoted at |00 to the housing and having its outer end bifurcated and adapted to receive the trunnions |0| of a ring |02 fitting within a circumferential,

groove in the exterior of the shaft |03. Also within the groove of shaft |03 is a compression in bracket 32 and' carriage 35.

The upper end of the vertical shaft |01 has a pinion |08 splined to it, the pinion meshing with rack teeth |09 upon the slide, so that asv the bell crank is moved -by the cam 91, the rod or shaft |03 is reciprocated axially, turning the vertical shaft and moving the slide upon its ways by means ofthe rack. The end ||0 of the rod is shaped to.be engaged by a crank or handle so that the rod may be rotated to adjust the position of the carrier upon the carriage independently of the cam, a scale being shown upon the rod for this purpose.

A stop is rigidly carried by the slide and is arrangedto engage the end of a set screw ||2 operation,`or clutch' I0' may be operated to stop the rotation of the base while permitting the other units to continue their operation.

The frame of each ofthe machine unitsis recessed, as indicatedat |15, so that the cutter head 46' oi an adjacent unit may project within the frame, as indicated in dotted lines in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings. By so recessing the frame, it is possible to position a number of units compactly upon a relatively small table. it being possible when, for instance, eight units are used to arrange these so that theshafts 38 and are not radial of the table, but extend in lines tangentl to a circle concentric therewith, and the cutter heads of each machine unit are received within the recesses of an adjacent unit, decreasing the necessary diameter of the table substantially ten percent.

The operation of the device is as follows: The gears 48, 58 and 59 are chosen so that the relative rotations of the work and cutter spindles are in any desired relation. Gears 86 and 81 are provided to rotate the cams at a suitable speed. The

cutter head is angularly adjusted by loosening the screws and (moving the head 45 upon the slide 37. If the machine is being used to c'ut helical gears, la suitable rod i4 and nut 'i6 are provided, the rod being connected to the carriage and the nut to sleeve 13.

Having adjusted the above parts, the operator engages the clutch |0.so that the motor H causes the base to revolve upon the bed, and as each unit passes beyond his station, its brushes 23 engage the collector rings, and its motor starts to drive the moving parts. This motion is transmitted through the vertical shaft 3|, gears 39 and 40, horizontal shafts38 and 40 and gears 43, 44 and 48 to the cutter, and also through gears 5|,

52, 54, 55, 58, 59,52 and the differential mechanism to the ,work spindle and through gears 0|, 85, 8B, 81, 89 and 90 to the cam drum.

As soon as the drum starts its rotation, roller 94 and by it the rod 95 andthe carriage arie` moved downwardly, feeding the cutter from end to end of this portion of the groove, at which time it will actuate the parts to retractthe slide. At the same time, the carriage will be raised by the cylindrical cam 93. The brushes of the unit having by now reached the gap I4 in the collector rings, the motor is stopped and the operator may remove the -work and replace it with another piece.

While the feeds both down and inwardly are shown as operating only once in each revolution of the drum, it will be obvious that the cutter might be fed in something less than full depth During this period, the

.determined relative velocity,

mechanism varying the relative velocity at which u and advanced downwardly throughout the length of the work, then retracted and brought upwardly and fed into full depth and downwardly again, so that during a single revolution of the drum both a roughing and a finishing cut will be taken. Also, the feed might be from the bottom to the top of the workpiece, instead of as shown, from the top to the bottom. y

While we have described the illustrated embodiment of our invention in some particularity, obviously many others will readily occur to those skilled in this art, and we do not therefore limit ourselves to the precisel details shown' and described herein, but claim as our invention all embodiments, variations and modifications coming Within the scope of the appended claims.'

We claim: v

l. A machine comprising a fr ame, a spindle journalled thereon, guideways on said frame parallel to said spindle, a carriage movable on said guideways, guideways on said carriage normal to said iirst mentioned guideways, a 'slide movable on said second mentioned guideways, a spindle carried by the slide, gearing between said spindles including a differential, a gear engaging a part of' said differential journalledV on said frame, a nut secured to said gear, and a splined shaft secured to said carriage and engaged by said nut to rotate said gear upon movement of the carriage.

2. A machine tool comprising a tool spindle and work spindle, one of said spindles being movable ing them to rotate at predetermined relative velocities.

3. A machine tool comprising a tool spindle and work spindle, one of said spindles being movable in two directions relative the other, a cam moving said spindle in one direction, a second cam moving said spindle in the other direction, a stop limiting the motion of said spindle in the rst mentioned direction, resilient means interposed between said spindle and the first mentioned cam, and dierential' mechanism varying the relative velocityat which the spindles are'rotated and actuated by the movement of said spindle in one direction.

4. A machine tool comprising a tool spindle and a work spindle, one of said spindles being movable in two directions relative the other, cams for impartingmotion to said spindle in both said directions, a stop limiting the motion of said spindle in one direction, resilient'means interposed between said spindle and one cam, gearing between said spindles causing them to rotate at apreand diilerential the spindles are rotated and actuated by the movement of said spindle in the direction of the axis of the other.

5. A machine tool comprising a frame,-a carriage slidable thereon, aslide slidably carried by said carriage, a spindle journalled-on said slide, a

. second spindle journalled on said frame, gearing between said spindles, two cams actuated by said gearing, connections between one cam and said carriage, and connections between the other cam and said slide.

6. A machine tool comprising a frame, a.A carriage movable thereon, a slide movably carried by said carriage, a spindle journalled on said slide, a second spindle journalled on said frame, gearing between said spindles, two cams actuated 5 by said gearing, connections between one cam and said carriage, connections between the other cam and said slide, differential mechanism interposed in the gearing between the spindles, and a connection between a part of said differential and l said carriage.

` 7. A machine tool comprising a frame, a slide thereon, a spindle journalled on said fframe, a cam, gearing between the spindle and cam, a cylindrical rod reciprocated by the cam, a thread d in said rod, a worm wheel meshing with said thread, operative connections between said worm wheel and slide, and means for rotating said rod.

8. A machine comprising a frame, a work spindle journalled thereon, guideways on said frame parallel to said work spindle, a carriage movable upon said guicleways, guideways on said carriage normal to said first mentioned guideways, a slide movable upon said second mentioned guideways, a cam for moving said carriage, a cam for moving said slide, and gearing between said cams and said spindles.

9. A machine comprising a frame, bearings carried thereby in fixed position, a spindle journalled in said bearings, guide-ways on said frame parallel tothe axis of said spindle, a carriage movably supported on said guide-ways, guideways on said carriage normal to said rst mentioned guide-ways, a slide movably carried on said second mentioned guide-ways and provided with bearings, a second spindle in said secondmentioned bearings, gearing between said spindles including differential mechanism, and operative connections between said carriage and said dif` ferential mechanism.

4o 10. A machine tool of the class described comprising a frame, bearings carried thereby in xed position, a spindle journalled in said bearings,

' guideways on said frame parallel to the axis of said spindle, ,a carriage movably supported on 45 said guide-ways, guideways on said carriage normal to said first mentioned guideways, a slide movably carried by said second mentioned guideways, a shaft journaled on the slide, gearing between the spindle and the shaft, drive means asgo sociated with said gearing, a head secured to the slide 'angularly adjustable relative thereto, a

spindle journalled in the head, and gearing between said last mentioned spindle and said shaft and carried by said head.

55 11. A hobbing machine comprising a frame, a spindle journalled thereon, guideways on said frame, a carriage movable on said guideways,

guideways on said carriage, a slide movable on said second mentioned guideways, a spindlecara0 ried by the slide, gearing between said spindles and including a differential, a gear engaging a part of said diierential journalled on said frame, a nut secured to said gear, and a splined shaft movable with said second mentioned spindle and 65 engaged by said nut to rotate said gear upon` movable in two directions relative the other. gearing between said spindles, feed means operated by said gearing moving said last mentioned spindle in one direction, second feed means operated by said gearing moving said last mentioned spin- 6 dle inthe other direction, a stop limiting the motion of said spindle in the first mentioned direction, and resilient means interposed between said spindle and said first mentioned feed means.

13. A hobbing machine comprising a frame, a l0 carriage slidable thereon, a slide slidably carried by said carriage, a spindle journalled on saidslide, a second spindle `lournalled on said frame, gear-- ing between said spindles, feed means actuated by said gearing, connections between said feed l5 means and said carriage, second feed means actuatedby said gearing, and connections between said second feed means and said slide.

14.' A hobbing machine comprising a frame, a carriage slidable thereon, a slide slidably carried 20 by said carriage, a. spindle journalled on said slide, a second spindle journalled on said frame, gearing between said spindles, feed means actuated by said gearing, connectionslbetween said feed means and said carriage, second feed means 25 actuated by said gearing, and connections between said second feed means and said slide, differential mechanism interposed in the gearing between the spindles, and a connection between a part of said differential and said slide.

15. A hobbing machine comprising a frame, xed bearings thereon, a spindle journalled in said bearings, guideways on said frame, a carriage movable upon said guideways, guideways on said carriage, a slide movable upon said second men- 35V tioned guideways, a spindle journalled on said slide, feed means operatively connected to said carriage,-second feed means operatively connected to said slide, and gearing between both said feed means and said spindles. f 40 16. A hobbing machine comprising a' frame, fixed bearings thereon, a spindle journalled in said bearings, guideways on said frame, a carriage movable upon said guideways, guideways on said carriage, a slide movable upon said second mentioned guideways, a spindle journalled on said slide, feed means operatively connected to said carriage, second feed means operatively connected to said slide, and gearing between both said feed y means and said spindles, differential mechanism interposed in the gearing between the spindles and a connection between a part of said differential and said slide. 17. A hobbing machine comprising a frame, bearings carried thereby in fixed position, a splndle journalled in said bearings, guideways on said frame, a carriage movably supported on said guideways, guideways on said carriage, a slide movably carried on said second mentioned guideways and provided with bearings, a second spin 60 die in said second mentioned bearings, gearing between said spindles including differential mechanism, and operative connections between the differential and a part movable with said second mentioned spindle. v

HOMER C. WARNER. CHARLES H. SCHURR.

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