US2074285A - Manufacture of flexible bands, threads, foils, and tubes of artificial substances - Google Patents

Manufacture of flexible bands, threads, foils, and tubes of artificial substances Download PDF

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Publication number
US2074285A
US2074285A US693213A US69321333A US2074285A US 2074285 A US2074285 A US 2074285A US 693213 A US693213 A US 693213A US 69321333 A US69321333 A US 69321333A US 2074285 A US2074285 A US 2074285A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
threads
bands
foils
tubes
polystyrol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US693213A
Inventor
Studt Ernst
Meyer Ulfilas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
Original Assignee
Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH filed Critical Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH
Priority to US738140A priority Critical patent/US1992678A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2074285A publication Critical patent/US2074285A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
    • B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
    • B29C55/16—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/73—Processes of stretching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/033—Magnet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1345—Single layer [continuous layer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of manufacturing flexible bands, threads, foils and tubes of polystyrol. or other polymerization products of aryl olefines.
  • Polystyrol itself and substances similar to it are crystal clear artificial substances which have no plastic, but on the contrary, brittle properties. Owing to their good electrical properties it is desirable in the application to electric cables to.
  • the structure of the material is also altered and the changed mechanical properties are to be attributed to this change in the structure.
  • the most favourable mechanical properties are obtained when the diameter of the thread has been reduced to about a third of the diameter of the nozzle by the increased speed of drawing. It has also been found that more particularly in the case of polystyrol these mechanical properties are best obtained when the 4 temperature of the material is kept at about 140-155".
  • a thread manufactured under these experimental conditions is so flexible that it can be wound round its own diameter at normal temperature without breaking.
  • the above experimental conditions have been found to hold good also in the case of bands.
  • the bands may be manufactured with the desired width or be cut from a wider band produced according to the invention.
  • polystyrol is heated to such a temperature that it becomes liquid, whereupon a powder of a ferro-magnetic alloy, for instance an iron-nickel alloy, is added thereto. This mixture is then converted into threads, bands or the like according to the same method as above described in connection with pure polystyrol.
  • a ferro-magnetic alloy for instance an iron-nickel alloy
  • polystyrol As polystyrol possesses a very low angle of loss, as compared with other insulating substances used in the electrical industry and as it also possesses a small dielectric constant and is highly insulating, the magnetic material obtained therewith shows small dielectric and magnetic losses and these losses change but little with the frequency, so that the said material is especially useful for the continuous inductive loading of such signalling conductors which are intended for high frequencies, for instance for the loading of submarine cable lines working with carrier frequencies.
  • the bands manufactured according to the method hereinbefore described can be bent around small diameters at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the band, without breaking; however, in the longitudinal direction they are still brittle and liable to crack.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing flexible bands and foils from polymerization products of aryl olefines, for instance polystyrol, which bands and foils bend and yield in either direction so that they have completely lost their brittleness.
  • This object is attained according to the invention by causing a band of the artificial substance, which is extruded through a nozzle at a high temperature to be subjected, during the extrusionor immediately after the extrusion from the nozzle, not only to a longitudinal pull but also to a transverse stretching. It has been found that the best mechanical properties are obtained by the drawn and transversely stretched bands and foils if their thickness, during the drawing in the longitudinal and transverse direction, is reduced to about 1/9 of the initial thickness. In order to obtain perfectly homogeneous foils it is further advantageous to subject the material to a uniformly strong pull in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
  • the material to be treated for instance polystyrol
  • the outgoing band comes to the stretching device, which essentially consists of two endless bands 2 running over rollers 3, and which, as shown in Fig. 2, are so arranged as to diverge from one another.
  • the rollers are suitably driven so that the upper part of the bands moves away from the nozzle.
  • Small pins 4 are provided on the bands, which engage the band coming from the nozzle and take it along.
  • the complete foil is wound on a suitable device 5. If it is necessary, the foil is cooled between the stretching device and the winding-on device.
  • the bands and foils manufactured according to this -method are especially suitable as insulating mate-
  • the tube is pressed out of the mouthpiece and at the same time drawn out in such a manner that the drawing-out speed of the tube is greater than its outlet speed from the mouthpiece. As a result thereof the diameter and wall thickness of the tube are reduced.
  • a method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol which comprises first heating the material to a temperature of to C., then extruding it through a nozzle while maintaining it at said temperature, and simultaneously subjecting the extruded material to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion, whereby the material becomes highly flexible.
  • a method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol and other polymerization products of aryl olefines which comprises heating said material to fusion, mixing therewith a finely divided ferro-magnetic alloy, extruding the mixture through a nozzle and subjecting the extruded material to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion whereby the material becomes flexible.
  • a method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol and other polymerization products of aryl olefines which comprises heating said material to fusion, mixing therewith finely divided iron-nickel alloy, ex-
  • a flexible sheet composed of polystyrol and a ferro-magnetic alloy.
  • a sheet, thread or tube of polystyrol rendered highly flexible by simultaneously heating it to a temperature between about 140 to about "v C. and stretching it.

Description

March 16, 1937. E. STUDT ET AL 2,074,285
MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE BANDS, THREADS, FOILS, AND TUBES OF ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCES Filed Oct. 11, 1935 Patented Mar. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Ernst Studt, Nordenham, and Ulfilas Meyer,
Cologne-Mulheim, Germany, assignors to Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke A.
Germany G., Nordenham,
Application October 11, 1933, Serial No. 693,213 In Germany October 24, 1932 6 Claims.
This invention relates to a method of manufacturing flexible bands, threads, foils and tubes of polystyrol. or other polymerization products of aryl olefines.
Polystyrol itself and substances similar to it are crystal clear artificial substances which have no plastic, but on the contrary, brittle properties. Owing to their good electrical properties it is desirable in the application to electric cables to.
1 form them into flexible bands or threads. More particularly in the case of submarine cables it is important to have a substance which has good electrical values; is not deformed, or only little deformed, when the insulating material is at a temperature of about 100 to 110 C. which is required for the pressing-on of the insulating sheath; poss'esses great hardness and is sufiiciently flexible to be wound around the conductor.
Experiments have shown that the mere extrusion of polystyrol from a nozzle does not produce any mechanically useful threads or bands. On the contrary, the bands thus formed are brittle, like the initial material, and break under corn.- paratively small stresses. It has now been found that it is possible to form bands or threads having the desired properties, from polystyrol or other polymerization products of aryl olefines, if the material is drawn through a nozzle at high temperature whilst pressure is at the same time applied to the nozzle, in such a manner that the drawing out speed is greater than the outlet speed of the nozzle. The thread which is thereby produced has a smaller cross-section than the nozzle from which it has been drawn. At the same time the structure of the material is also altered and the changed mechanical properties are to be attributed to this change in the structure. As found by experiment, the most favourable mechanical properties are obtained when the diameter of the thread has been reduced to about a third of the diameter of the nozzle by the increased speed of drawing. It has also been found that more particularly in the case of polystyrol these mechanical properties are best obtained when the 4 temperature of the material is kept at about 140-155". A thread manufactured under these experimental conditions is so flexible that it can be wound round its own diameter at normal temperature without breaking. The above experimental conditions have been found to hold good also in the case of bands. The bands may be manufactured with the desired width or be cut from a wider band produced according to the invention.
It is possible to use the method described for the manufacture of bands or threads of polystyrol or like substances which have ferro-magneticproperties. For this purpose polystyrol is heated to such a temperature that it becomes liquid, whereupon a powder of a ferro-magnetic alloy, for instance an iron-nickel alloy, is added thereto. This mixture is then converted into threads, bands or the like according to the same method as above described in connection with pure polystyrol.
As polystyrol possesses a very low angle of loss, as compared with other insulating substances used in the electrical industry and as it also possesses a small dielectric constant and is highly insulating, the magnetic material obtained therewith shows small dielectric and magnetic losses and these losses change but little with the frequency, so that the said material is especially useful for the continuous inductive loading of such signalling conductors which are intended for high frequencies, for instance for the loading of submarine cable lines working with carrier frequencies.
The bands manufactured according to the method hereinbefore described can be bent around small diameters at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the band, without breaking; however, in the longitudinal direction they are still brittle and liable to crack.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing flexible bands and foils from polymerization products of aryl olefines, for instance polystyrol, which bands and foils bend and yield in either direction so that they have completely lost their brittleness. This object is attained according to the invention by causing a band of the artificial substance, which is extruded through a nozzle at a high temperature to be subjected, during the extrusionor immediately after the extrusion from the nozzle, not only to a longitudinal pull but also to a transverse stretching. It has been found that the best mechanical properties are obtained by the drawn and transversely stretched bands and foils if their thickness, during the drawing in the longitudinal and transverse direction, is reduced to about 1/9 of the initial thickness. In order to obtain perfectly homogeneous foils it is further advantageous to subject the material to a uniformly strong pull in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
It is entirely immaterial what apparatus is used for carrying the method into effect. One mode of carrying the method into efie'ct will now be described, by way of example, with reference to Figs..1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing, the apparatus employed being known per se. The material to be treated, for instance polystyrol, is first of all pressed out of a mouth-piece I having a nozzle of rectangular cross-section, at a high temperature, preferably 150 C. The outgoing band then comes to the stretching device, which essentially consists of two endless bands 2 running over rollers 3, and which, as shown in Fig. 2, are so arranged as to diverge from one another. The rollers are suitably driven so that the upper part of the bands moves away from the nozzle. Small pins 4 are provided on the bands, which engage the band coming from the nozzle and take it along. After leaving the stretching device, the complete foil is wound on a suitable device 5. If it is necessary, the foil is cooled between the stretching device and the winding-on device.
Owing to their good dielectric properties, the bands and foils manufactured according to this -method are especially suitable as insulating mate- The tube is pressed out of the mouthpiece and at the same time drawn out in such a manner that the drawing-out speed of the tube is greater than its outlet speed from the mouthpiece. As a result thereof the diameter and wall thickness of the tube are reduced.
What we claim is:
1. A method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol and other polymerization products of aryl olefines which com- Further, the foils may be prises first heating the said material to a high temperature, then extruding it through a nozzle while in such heated condition, and simultaneously subjecting the extruded material while still in the heated condition to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion, whereby the material becomes highly flexible.
2. A method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol which comprises first heating the material to a temperature of to C., then extruding it through a nozzle while maintaining it at said temperature, and simultaneously subjecting the extruded material to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion, whereby the material becomes highly flexible.
3. A method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol and other polymerization products of aryl olefines which comprises heating said material to fusion, mixing therewith a finely divided ferro-magnetic alloy, extruding the mixture through a nozzle and subjecting the extruded material to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion whereby the material becomes flexible.
4. A method of manufacturing flexible bands, tubes and threads of polystyrol and other polymerization products of aryl olefines which comprises heating said material to fusion, mixing therewith finely divided iron-nickel alloy, ex-
truding the mixture through a nozzle, and subjecting the extruded material to drawing at a speed greater than the speed of extrusion, whereby the material becomes flexible.
5. As an article of manufacture, a flexible sheet composed of polystyrol and a ferro-magnetic alloy.
6. As an article of manufacture, a sheet, thread or tube of polystyrol rendered highly flexible by simultaneously heating it to a temperature between about 140 to about "v C. and stretching it.
ERNST STUDT. ULFILAS MEYER.
US693213A 1932-10-24 1933-10-11 Manufacture of flexible bands, threads, foils, and tubes of artificial substances Expired - Lifetime US2074285A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429177A (en) * 1940-07-25 1947-10-14 Wingfoot Corp Stretching and laminating film
US2439716A (en) * 1944-01-27 1948-04-13 Plax Corp Process of forming hollow articles from oriented polymer
US2470001A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-05-10 Dow Chemical Co Process for producing uniformly colored extruded articles from vinyl aromatic resins
US2490781A (en) * 1946-08-22 1949-12-13 William S Cloud Method and apparatus for preparing and utilizing sheet material for packaging purposes
US2566441A (en) * 1946-04-29 1951-09-04 Armour Res Found Magnetic record medium and method of making the same
US2684104A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-07-20 Dessart Bors Inc Machine for and method of printing sheet material and forming articles therefrom having shaped surfaces
US2712208A (en) * 1949-10-22 1955-07-05 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Method and apparatus for wrapping
US3052917A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-09-11 Celanese Corp Production of wrinkle-free film
US3171873A (en) * 1960-09-26 1965-03-02 Basf Ag Production of cast films from polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymers
US3506744A (en) * 1968-11-25 1970-04-14 Du Pont Process for forming nonwoven web

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429177A (en) * 1940-07-25 1947-10-14 Wingfoot Corp Stretching and laminating film
US2439716A (en) * 1944-01-27 1948-04-13 Plax Corp Process of forming hollow articles from oriented polymer
US2470001A (en) * 1945-05-30 1949-05-10 Dow Chemical Co Process for producing uniformly colored extruded articles from vinyl aromatic resins
US2566441A (en) * 1946-04-29 1951-09-04 Armour Res Found Magnetic record medium and method of making the same
US2490781A (en) * 1946-08-22 1949-12-13 William S Cloud Method and apparatus for preparing and utilizing sheet material for packaging purposes
US2712208A (en) * 1949-10-22 1955-07-05 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Method and apparatus for wrapping
US2684104A (en) * 1950-12-16 1954-07-20 Dessart Bors Inc Machine for and method of printing sheet material and forming articles therefrom having shaped surfaces
US3052917A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-09-11 Celanese Corp Production of wrinkle-free film
US3171873A (en) * 1960-09-26 1965-03-02 Basf Ag Production of cast films from polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymers
US3506744A (en) * 1968-11-25 1970-04-14 Du Pont Process for forming nonwoven web

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