US2074228A - Light metal piston - Google Patents
Light metal piston Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2074228A US2074228A US58366A US5836636A US2074228A US 2074228 A US2074228 A US 2074228A US 58366 A US58366 A US 58366A US 5836636 A US5836636 A US 5836636A US 2074228 A US2074228 A US 2074228A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- alloy
- light metal
- metal piston
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
- F05C2251/042—Expansivity
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lightmetal piston for internal combustion engines and has the obiect of taking into account in a new and advantageous manner, the different stresses in the vari- 5 one parts of the piston and the properties of the material which are desirable in such parts.
- the piston head of a Diesel engine piston may,
- bi-metal pistons For example, constructions are known in which a light metal piston is fitted with a heavy metal head plate. It is also known to combine a light metal piston head with a skirt of steel or cast iron by casting or' screwing together. This type oi piston however, has not come into general use. Its manufacture is made considerably more expensive because the heavy metal part of the piston has to be made separately. In addition, special chill moulds are necessary tor casting the head part together with the heavy metal skirt, or the mechanical combination requires considerable time. Finally, it is possible for the heavy metal part to become loose after running for some time because the strength or a homogeneous piece cannot be obtained.
- the new piston consists of two or more alloys of difierent compositions, the joining together of which is effected with the formation of an intermediat alloy at a degree of heat lying above the working temperature of the piston. In this way a homogeneous body is obtained with material of differ- I ent properties in definite zones.
- the manufacture is effected by casting and it is also possible to cast shaped articles consisting of several layers of alloy and to press them into piston blanks.
- the invention offers the possibility of retaining the hitherto.
- usual piston constructions of all I kinds for example, pistons with inserted strips for regulating the thermal expansion and all constructions of piston which have hitherto been found advantageous.
- the intermediate alloy zones of the separate layers can be determined by suitably timing the sequence 01 the individual casting operations, and, if necessary, varying the type of the casting operation.
- the separate fluid alloys can be supplied without pressure or under pressure at the same inlet or separately.
- the alloy I may be, for example,
- the piston according to Fig. 2 is composed of several alloy layers I, 5 and B.
- the alloys 4 and 6 may have similar properties.
- the boundary zones or intermediate alloy layers 1 and 8 are curved. i
- a piston torintemal combustion engines comprising a plurality oi sections respectively formed 01' an alloy lighter in weight than ordinary cast iron, said sections respectively having a ditierent composition, and being Joined together over a curved surface by an intermediate alloy bond consisting of a-psrt oi the material comprising said respective sections.
Description
Patented Mar. 16,193?
Ernst Mable, Stuttgart, Germany;
Application January 9, 1936, Serial No. 58,366 In Germany March 25, 1935 3 Claims.
'This invention relates to a lightmetal piston for internal combustion engines and has the obiect of taking into account in a new and advantageous manner, the different stresses in the vari- 5 one parts of the piston and the properties of the material which are desirable in such parts.
The piston head of a Diesel engine piston may,
while working, be heated at the point of injection up to about 440 C. and has to withstand explor sion pressures up to 90 atmospheres.
These stresses would undoubtedly lead to destruction of the end of the piston, which would develop chinks as a result of these high stresses and would then burn through if the material did not possess good thermal conductivity, strength and capability of expansion. In contradistinction thereto for the working surface of the piston a material of great resistance to wear is required in view of the constant sliding friction in the cylinder. At the same time the thermal expansion of the piston material in this zone should be as small as possible in order that the clearance allowed may be small so as to obtain rapid running in of the piston without piston slap.
Attempts have been made to. meet these various requirements by constructing so-called bi-metal pistons. Thus, for example, constructions are known in which a light metal piston is fitted with a heavy metal head plate. It is also known to combine a light metal piston head with a skirt of steel or cast iron by casting or' screwing together. This type oi piston however, has not come into general use. Its manufacture is made considerably more expensive because the heavy metal part of the piston has to be made separately. In addition, special chill moulds are necessary tor casting the head part together with the heavy metal skirt, or the mechanical combination requires considerable time. Finally, it is possible for the heavy metal part to become loose after running for some time because the strength or a homogeneous piece cannot be obtained.
It-is the object of the invention to produce a 45 piston in which the different stresses and'the necessary properties of the separate zones of the piston are taken into account without the above disadvantages of the hitherto known constructions arising. According to the invention the new piston consists of two or more alloys of difierent compositions, the joining together of which is effected with the formation of an intermediat alloy at a degree of heat lying above the working temperature of the piston. In this way a homogeneous body is obtained with material of differ- I ent properties in definite zones. The manufacture is effected by casting and it is also possible to cast shaped articles consisting of several layers of alloy and to press them into piston blanks.
- The invention offers the possibility of retaining the hitherto. usual piston constructions of all I kinds, for example, pistons with inserted strips for regulating the thermal expansion and all constructions of piston which have hitherto been found advantageous. Taking into consideration thespecific gravities and the setting temperatures of the individual alloys, the intermediate alloy zones of the separate layers can be determined by suitably timing the sequence 01 the individual casting operations, and, if necessary, varying the type of the casting operation. Thus, for example, in the casting process the separate fluid alloys can be supplied without pressure or under pressure at the same inlet or separately.
When there are several inlets they may be arranged at different heights, and according to the conditions prevailing the plane of the end surface or the edge of the skirt of the piston may coincide with the base of the chillmould. It has already been mentioned that with pressed pistons by arranging the alloy layers in a particular manner corresponding to the difierent stresses of the separate zones of the piston, blanks for making rough-pressed pistons can be obtained.
transverseplane. The alloy I may be, for example,
an aluminium-copper alloy with good thermal conductivity; strength and expansion, and the alloy 2 may be an aluminium-silicon alloy with small thermal expansion and good wearing properties. The piston according to Fig. 2 is composed of several alloy layers I, 5 and B. The alloys 4 and 6 may have similar properties. In the example illustrated the boundary zones or intermediate alloy layers 1 and 8 are curved. i
What I 'claim is:--
l. A piston for internal combustion engines,
comprising a plurality of sections respectively 19 spectively having a difl'erent composition and being Joined together by an intermediate alloy bond consisting of a part of the material comprising said respective sections.
3. A piston torintemal combustion engines, comprising a plurality oi sections respectively formed 01' an alloy lighter in weight than ordinary cast iron, said sections respectively having a ditierent composition, and being Joined together over a curved surface by an intermediate alloy bond consisting of a-psrt oi the material comprising said respective sections.
ERNSTMAHLB.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2074228X | 1935-03-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2074228A true US2074228A (en) | 1937-03-16 |
Family
ID=7983687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US58366A Expired - Lifetime US2074228A (en) | 1935-03-25 | 1936-01-09 | Light metal piston |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2074228A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2731313A (en) * | 1950-05-04 | 1956-01-17 | Samuel J Walker | Internal combustion engine piston |
US3183796A (en) * | 1963-03-19 | 1965-05-18 | Universal American Corp | Composite cast-forged aluminum piston with bonded ferrous ring-carrier, and method of producing same |
US6209446B1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2001-04-03 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Piston for internal combustion engine and process of making same |
-
1936
- 1936-01-09 US US58366A patent/US2074228A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2731313A (en) * | 1950-05-04 | 1956-01-17 | Samuel J Walker | Internal combustion engine piston |
US3183796A (en) * | 1963-03-19 | 1965-05-18 | Universal American Corp | Composite cast-forged aluminum piston with bonded ferrous ring-carrier, and method of producing same |
US6209446B1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2001-04-03 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Piston for internal combustion engine and process of making same |
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