US2070094A - Oil and engine cooling system - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1937. E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ida gmmliw WWW/6 7 Feb. 9," 1937. ,E. o. SCHJOLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM- Eiled Oct. 26, 1929 4 Sheets-Shut 2 gwvmtoo Feb. 9, 1937. Q SCHJQLIN 2,070,094

OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Filed Oct. -26,- 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 gmmtoa Fgb. 9, 1937. E. o. SCHJOL-IN 2,070,094

OIL AID ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Patented Feb. 9, 1937 OIL AND ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM Eric 0. Schjolin, Pontiac, Mich, assignor to Yellow Truck & Coach Manufacturing Com pany, Pontiac, Mich., a corporation of Maine Application October 26, 1929, Serial No. 402,694 17 Claims. (01. rza-ms) This invention relates to the cooling of lubricant oils used upon water-cooled engines; and it contemplates not only the use of special water circuits but the use of special oil circuits,one

means whereby circulation through the auxiliary radiator or section may be automatically deferred during a warming-up period, and including also various features adapting a single oil tank to be preferred embodiment including anoil cooler and used (upon busses, trucks, or the like) in conan oilpump in a delivery line from an oil tank nection with a plurality of engines, each assoto an engine, an oil pump in a return line from ciated with a side radiator or radiator sections, the engine sump to said tank, and thermostatic and including also various preferred subcombimeans for operating a valve controlling a bynations or details of constructionandrelationship, pass between cooling-water circuits, and thereby may be best appreciated from the following devarying the flow and the temperature of water scription of an ilustrative embodiment of the advanced to said cooler. invention, taken in connection with the appended As in the case of the prior invention of Ramclaims and the accompa y drawingssaur, as described and claimed in application Figure 1 is a highly conventionalized diagram Serial No. 354,245, filed April 11, 1929, it is an indicating the separate circulations of (1) oilobject of this invention to provide internal comtempering water, in an outer circuit, (2) enginebustion engines with distinct but conditionally cooling water in an inner circuit (stippled) and intercommunicating circuits for a heat exchange (3) oil (via small pipes)-a by-pass valve, between liquid such as water,one of said circuits being the first and second circuits, being shown as theremployed, in a known manner, to cool an engine mostatlcally closed, as in normal running. block and associated parts and the other of said Figure 2 is adiagram similar to Figure 1, but circuits being employed exclusively in cooling showing the mentioned valve as shifted to an lubricating oil; and, in preferred embodiments, initial oil-warming position, whereby engine-coolthis invention contemplates not only the use of ing water is diverted into the oil-tempering water the mentioned plurality of oil pumps (optionally circuit, the mentioned by-pass being opened. I driven from one shaft or otherwise consolidated Stippling is herein applied additionally to the only into a single unit) and the use of a plurality of portion of the oil-tempering water circuit which separate or consolidated water pumps, but the use is functional under the conditions referred to; of an over-flow by-pass or by-passes, one of these and optional features of modification are sugbeing preferably provided between separate fagested, 3o diators or radiator sections; and the use also of a Figure 3 is a top plan view, with parts broken v n roll by-p s, which is Subject to regaway, showing one of a pair of side-facing seculation by said thermostatic means, for a protional radiators and associated parts appropriate portioning effect in the admission of water to to a, twin-engine installation in an automotive and/or the exit of water from one or both of said vehicle. Pumps- Figure 41s, for the most part, a vertical sectional It is a further Object of this invention o proview, on a slightly larger scale, through a water vide a special pump organization with which four pump organization having four conduit connecconduits communicate, a single set of vanes and tions,--said pump being provided with a thermoa mentioned valve being effective to vary the statically or otherwise remotely controllable valve. flow of cooling water, or the like, therethrough; This view may be regarded as taken substantially and it is also an object of this invention to proas indicated by the broken line 44 of Figure 3. vide a radiator assembly specialized with refer- Figure 5 shows the organization shown in Fi ence to the use of a main radiator section and an ure 4 from substantially the viewpoint indicated auxiliary radiator section for cooling normally by the arrow 5 of Figure 4.parts being shown in 45 separate streams of water, or the 1ike,a front plan and other parts being broken away to levels set of tubes being preferably included in the auxindicated by lines 5-5 of Figures 4 and 6. iliary radiator and its water being circulated Figure 6 is a partial vertical sectional view through a heat exchange unit normally used in taken substantially as indicated by the broken cooling the lubricating oil. Said radiator aslines 6-6 of Figures 3 and 5. o

sembly may include means permitting a conditional overflow from one of said sections into the other; and cross flow tubes are preferably included in the auxiliary radiator or section.

other objects of this i vention, in luding Figure '7 is a fragmentary section through the organization shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 taken substantially as indicated by line 'I--| of Figure 8, but with a by-pass valve positioned differently than in Figure 4.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view of the organization shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, partly in plan, partly as suggested by the lines 8-8 of Figures 6 and 7 and partly in section on the line 8'-8' of Figure 4.

Figure 9 is a vertical sectional detail view, taken substantially as indicated by the broken line 9--9 of Figure 8..

Figure 10 is a detail vertical sectional view, taken substantially as indicated by the line ||I| ll of Figure 8.

Referring first to diagrammatic Figure 1, a cooling circuit for engine II is shown as comprising, in addition to a main radiator or radiator section l2, a hot water pipe or radiator feed conduit I3 and also a return conduit in the form of pipes l4, l5, |',a pump or pump section i3 of this element from a position such as that illustrated in full lines in Figure 1 to a position such as that therein shown in dotted lines being efi'ective both to discontinue circulation through pipe 28 and to open communication of a by-pass between pipes l5 and 2|, to vary the temperature of the heat-transfer liquid fed to unit II. The manipulation of valve 22 may be effected by remote and/or automatic means such as a thermostat 23, shown as connected with a lever arm on the shaft of valve 22 by means of a rod 25,-a low temperature within the thermostat 23 being effective to hold open the by-pass 26, and thereby to admit a suitable proportion of the somewhat wanner engine-cooling water into the oil-tempering water circuit.

A lubricating oil circuit which includes the en gine I and the oil cooler or tempering unit I"! may compriseboth a pipe or conduit 21, leading from said "cooler", or from the thermostat 23, to the engine II, and a pipe or conduit 23 leading from the sump or oil pan (not shown) of said engine through a pump 23 to a main oil tank or reservoir 30.-means such as an additional (pressure-feed) oil pump 3|, connected with the tank 30 and the cooler H by pipes 32 and 33 being preferably also included in said oil circuit in case the tank 30 is not a pressure tank.

a As hereinafter more fully indicated, the water pump sections l6, It may be combined into a single unit driven by or from means such as a fan shaft 34 or a shaft 34, coupled therewith; and the oil pumps 29 and 3| may be indirectly driven from the same shaft, as by means of a gear 35 on said shaft and a cooperating gear 36 on a drive shaft 31, shown as common to the lastmentioned pumps. ater replenishment may be effected by common means such as one or more elevated water tanks 33, shown as communicating by a pipe or pipes 33 with the main radiator feed conduit or conduits l3.

My invention may be applied to two engine installations such as are found on some automotive vehicles by equipping both engines with engine cooling and lubricating systems and lubricant cooling systems of the type shown in Figure 1 and heretofore described. This is indicated in Figure 1 by the showing of the parts I1, 28, 29', 3|, 33

and 40'. These parts are similar to the parts bearing the same reference characters unprimed and are to be understood as constituting elements of the lubricating system of an engine (not shown) similar to that designated by the reference character II. The engine and lubricant cooling systems of the two engines are preferably entirely independent of each other, but as Figure 1 shows the lubricating systems of the two engines preferably communicate with a single reservoir 3|).

.When dry-sump operation is intended, the scavenging pumps 29 (and 29') of the system (or the respective twin systems) may be larger than the pressure pump 3| (or the respective pressurefeed pumps 3|, 3|) delivering into the cooler l1 (and I1) and the capacity of the water pump or pum section I6 may exceed that of pump or pump section It in proportion as the maximum volume of water to behandled in the engine-cooling circuit exceeds that to be handled in the oil cooling circuit.

Whether or not filtration means are included within either or both of the mentioned water circuits, strainers such as are diagrammatically suggested at 40, 40, may advantageously be provided either in connection with the inlets or the outlets of the main oil tank 30, or its equivalent; and, in order to provide not only for unequal thermal expansion of the water in therespective cooling circuits described but to permit an advance of oil cooling or warming water through the pipes 2| and I3 even when the valve 22 occupies that dotted-line position which precludes circulation through pipe 20, additional and conditional communication is preferably provided between the described cooling circuits,as by a by-pass in the form of a spillway or overflow connection at 4| between the mentioned radiators or radiator sections; and one advantageous type of radiator organization including features suitable for the purpose last referred to will next be described.

Referring to Figure 3, longitudinal chassis or frame elements such as are indicated at 42 and 42' may directly or indirectly support not only the mentioned engines H but also radiator organizations each including both an inwardly disposed main radiator section l2 and a forwardly or outwardly disposed auxiliary radiator section |8,-these being shown as including a common outer wall or frame element 63. The main radiator section is shown as including, in addition to cross-flow tubes 44, upright headers 45 and 45' (with which the pipes l3 and I6 respectively communicate) and the auxiliary radiator section may comprise cross-flow tubes 48,terminating within an upright intake header 4! (with which the pipe IQ of the oil cooling water circuit is connected) and within an outlet header 41' (with which the out-flow pipe 20, leading toward the cooler i1 but conditionally closed by valve 22, is

connected). A valveless but conditionally effective overflow or by-pass connection may be provided, as at 4 by suitably aperturing or eliminating an upper part of a partition wall, common to intake headers 45 and 41. Partition wall 4| need not be correspondingly apertured.

Referring further to Figure 3, bearing arms 49 and 50 are suggested for the support of the extension 34' of the shaft of the fan 34" from a mentioned frame element 42'; the mentioned water pumps or pump sections are combined into a single unit |6| 6, with which both the enginecooling waterpipes it and I5 and also the oilcooling water pipes 20 and I9 are connected; 7

, cooler I! may be combined with the pump unit;

and the thermostat unit 23 is shown so supported, opposite the cooler II, as to permit a relatively direct flow of cooled oil therebetween, through a short pipe or conduit 5|, for delivery into pipe 21, and thereby to the engine II.

As best shown in Figures 4, 5 and 7-10, the pumps I5 and I6 may advantageously include a casing or body comprising a main shell or section 53, a terminal or thrust-bearing section 54 and a valve-containing base section 55. The sections 53 and 54 may be provided with bearings for the shaft 34' and with connections at 51 and 58 suitable for engine-cooling water intake pipe I4 and the corresponding delivery pipe I5; and the valve-containing section 55 may be provided with V threaded and/or flanged intake opening member 58 suitable for connection with the auxiliary radiator pipe 20, and with a downwardly inclined or other delivery conduit or passage 59,-which may lead to the cooling-water spaces of the oil cooler or tempering unit I'l.

Themain pump shell or section 53 is shown as provided with two concentric and substantially cylindrical chambers 60 and BI, sufllciently separated by an inwardly-extending head or partitioning element 62; and oppositely projecting sets of vanes 53 and 54, comprising the rotors respectively of pump sections I5 and I6, are shown as carried by a single disk or radial web 55. In order at times to handle the water of both circuits, vanes 54 may be the larger; and the web 55 may be formed integral with a hub 56, keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft 34', or its equivalent-optional details of preferred construction being indicated in the drawing. It will be understood that when this pump is connected as described, engine-cooling water entering through the pipe I4 into the pump chamber 8| will, when the valve 22 occupies the position shown infull lines in Figure 1 and in dotted: lines in Figures 4 and 7, be discharged therefrom through the outlet 55 and the pipes I5, and I5 and will, when said valve occupies the position in which it is shown in broken lines in Figure 1 and in solid lines in Figures 7, 8, and 9, be discharged from the chamber BI in part through the outlet 55 and the pipes I5 and I5 and in part downwardly, through a passage 61, into an intermediate chamber 58, in which the valve 22 is located,rising thence through an upwardly-extending by-pass passage 25', and into the chamber 60 of the auxiliary pump section comprising vanes 53. The depression of valve 22 to the position last referred to serves also to close the intake passage through flanged member 58, com municating with the auxiliary radiator section pipe 20,thereby preventing advance of water through said section into pump chamber 50; and an intermediate positioning of the valve 2 accordingly implies aproportioning of the relatively cool oil-cooling circuit water, as admitted through pipe 20, and the relatively warm water of the engine-cooling water circuit, as admitted through pipe I4,the cool water or warm water or any appropriate mixture thereof being, in any case, impelled by pump or pump section 15' (vanes 53) through the passage 59 into the heat exchange unit I'I,'or its equivalent.

In preference to positioning the thermostat 23, or alternative means for remote control of the valve 22, within the engine II or within the cooler II or elsewhere, said thermostat may include a main body element I0, suitable for attachment to the cooler-Ii and containing a bellows II, of any suitable type. A movable end plate 12 of the illustrated bellows is shown as connected with an operating arm I3, upon shaft 14 carrying the valve 22, by means of rod 25; the thermostat body element I0 may cooperate with a cylindrical shell I5, having a flange 11, in the provision of an oil chamber 18, surrounding the bellows II; the bellows may contain a sealed-in fluid, to produce expansion as warmed; cylindrical shell 15 may support said bellows by means of a central boss 18'; and said shell may be retained by means such as a thermostat closure element I9 engaging the flange 11 and directly or indirectly providing a stop for a spring 80, if employed. Said spring is shown as so interposed between the end plate I2 of bellows 'II and a, washer 8I as incidentally toretain and compress a packing element or composition 82,-

serving to exclude dust from a chamber 83, directly containing the bellows II. As best shown in Figures 4 and 8, a plate 84 may serve not only as a closure element for the passage 58 in which the valve 22 is movable, but to provide bearing bosses 85 and 85 for the shaft 14 of said valve; and, in order to obviate leakage along said shaft, means such as a usual or special gland may be provided. For the purpose last referred to, the boss 85 is shown as provided with a chamber 81 adapted to retain packing 88 under a compression due to a compression spring 83. This spring is shown as surrounding the outer boss 88 and as interposed between a fixed stop 90 and a movable stop in the form of a washer 9I,-the shaft 14 being provided with a cylindrical element 92, snugly rotatable within the cylindrical chamber 87.

Although the cooler I! might have any preferred alternative construction, said cooler is shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8 as comprising a main body element 93. This is optionally integral with pump casting 55 and It may be provided as at 94. with an opening for an oil inlet fitting (with which the oil feed pipe 33 may be connected) and with a similar opening 90 for an outlet fitting 9l,-with which the short pipe 5|, leading to the thermostat 23, may be connected. Said cooler may also include a removable plate 98, shown as retained by means of bolts 99 and nuts I00, closing a bottom opening through which not only the fittings 95 and 91 but any suitable heat exchange elements may be introduced. For example, a sheet metal shell IOI may be surrounded, near the respective ends thereof. with rubber or similar gaskets I02 and I03, serving not only to support the said shell but to define an inlet header space at I04 and an outlet header space at I05 in such manner that cooling water is forced to pass transversely through spaces I05, provided between the convolutlons of. flat or other oil-containing conduits I01, terminally communicating with the mentioned fittings 95 and 91: but the exact configuration of the heat-exchange conduits I0! is immaterial to this invention.

As has been incidentally indicated, the temperature of the cooling (or warming) water advanced tlxough the spaces I06, to temper the oil in conduits I01, depends upon the position in departure from the scope of the present invention, many of the described elements might be replaced by known equivalents; and optional features of modification of the general arrangement 5 of units in this cooling system are suggested in Figure 2. r

In the figurelast referred to, parts corresponding to those mentioned in'connection with Figure 1 being generally identified by the same reference characters but with an (1" added to each character, the engine-cooling water pump Ilia is shown as entirely distinct from the oil-cooling water pump Ilia, in order to obviate risk of any undue heating effect as a result of the combining of pump sections and/or the positioning of a pump or pump section immediately in advance of the cooler Ila; but, as above indicated, it should be understood not only that various features of the present invention might. be independently employed but also that the numerous modifications, additional to those suggested herein, might easily be devised,all within the scope of the present invention. I claim: 1. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator section in a circuit for an enginecooling heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliary radiator section in a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulating liquid in which is included a heat 30 transfer unit through which lubricant is adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation, to the temperature regulating liquid; means for variably interconnecting and conditionally separating said circuits; means for advancing the liquid in said 35 circuits; and means automatically compensating for unequal expansion and flow in said circuits,- said last-mentioned means including an overflow connection between said radiator sections.

2. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator section in a circuit for an enginecooling heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliary radiator section in' a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulating liquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricant is adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperature regulating liquid; means for variably interconnecting and conditionally separating said circuits; means for advancing the liquid in said circuits; a lubricant reservoir and separate means for pumping lubricant thereto and therefiom relatively to said engine.

3. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator section in an engine-cooling circuit for a heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliary radiator section in a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulating liquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricant is adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperature regulating liquid; and means for ad- 60 vancing said liquid in said circuits,said advancing means including pump means interiorly provided with means for conditionally separating and interconnecting said circuits to vary the circulation of said heat-transfer liquid in both of 65 said circuits and the feed to said heat transfer unit.

4. In an engine-cooling and lubricating system: a main radiator section in an engine-cooling circuit for a heat-transfer liquid; an auxiliary radiator. section in a circuit for a lubricant temperature regulating liquid in which is included a heat transfer unit through which lubricant is adapted to flow in heat exchanging relation to the temperature regulating liquid; means for advancing said liquid in said circuits: and a thermostat external to said unit-4am advancing means including pump means provided with internal means for conditionally separating and interconnecting said circuits to vary the circulation of said liquid in one of said circuits and the feed to the heat transfer unit in response to variations in the temperature of lubricant to which said cuits; said circuits being provided with overflow means of conditional interconnection between said radiator sections to compensate automatically for unequal expansion and flow in said circuits and with thermostatically operated means for conditionally separating and interconnecting the circuits at another point to vary the feed to the heat transfer unit.

6. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organization comprising a main section and an auxiliary section having a conditionally eflective interconnection therebetween,at least one of said sections being of cross-flow type.

'7. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organization comprising a main section and an auxiliary section having a conditionally effective interconnection therebetween, said auxiliary section being placed outwardly of said main section.

8. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a radiator organization comprising a main section and an auxiliary section having a conditionally effective interconnection therebetween,-said organization comprising a common frame and said sections being provided with common means of replenishment.

9. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pump organization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, an outlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve and by-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough.

10. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pump organization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, an outlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve and by-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough,-a heat-exchange unit casting being formed integral with a casing of said pump organization.

11. For use in a two-circuit cooling system: a centrifugal pump organization having an inlet for connection to each of the circuits, an outlet for connection to each of the circuits, and internal valve and by-pass means for varying the circulation therethrough, a heat-exchange unit being directly connected to said pump organization and provided with thermostatic means for moving said valve.

' 12. In apparatus of the type described, a heat exchanger which includes two sets of heat exchanging elements subject to a common volume of temperature regulating medium so arranged that one set of heat exchanging elements is subjected to the action of the common volume of temperature regulating medium after it has acted on the other set, a fluid circuit of which one set of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element. and another fluid circuit of which the other I iected to the action set of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element.

13. In apparatus of the class described, two circuits for fluids, means in each circuit for circulating a fluid through it, and means interconnecting the first mentioned means so as to effect inter-communication between the two circuits. 1

14. The invention claimed in claim 13 plus temperature controlled means for regulating the interconnection. 15. In apparatus of the class described, a fluid pump, a plurality of impeller chambers, passages interconnecting the impeller chambers, and temperature controlled means regulating the flow of fluid through the passages.

16. In apparatus of the type described, a heat exchanger which includes two sets of heat exchangingelements subject to a common volume of temperature regulating medium so arranged that one set of heat exchanging elements ls-subof the common volume of temperature regulating medium after it has acted on the other set, a fluid circuit of which one set of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element, another fluid circ'uitpf which the other set of heat exchanging elements constitutes an element, and means 0! communication between the two sets of heat exchanging elements.

17. In an internal combustion engine, an engine cooling system which includes a liquid cooling radiator, a lubricating system which includes a heat exchanger, a lubricant cooling system which includes a liquid cooling radiator and the mentioned heat exchanger, interconnections between the engine cooling system and the lubricant cooling system, and means by which liquid from the lubricant cooling system. may be compelled to pass through the engine cooling system to reach the heat exchanger.

ERIC 0. SCHJOIIN.

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