US2054773A - Cylinder structure and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 15, 1936. F, E, LNAS- ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD PRODUCING THE SAME f original Filed May 4, 1934 A 4 sheets-sheet 1 ATTORN Y Sept. 15, 1936. F` E, ONAS ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTUR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE `SAME Original Filed May 4, 19.34 4 Sheet'S-Sheet 2 I ,Fi

BY M l ATTORNE SepLJIS, 1936. i F, E LONAS ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME Original Filed May 4, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY 2 Septt 15, 1936. F. E. LoNAs ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER 4sTRUCTUBE AND MTHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME I Original Filed May 4, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 x IS'Q' 29 ATTORN E Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD F PRODUCING THE SAME Application May 4, 1934, Serial No. 723,906 Renewed August 8, 1936 Claims. (Cl. 1213-75) This invention relates to cylinders of internal combustion. engines, and particularly to what are known as sleeve valve engines; and the object of the invention is to provide a cylinder 5 which is constructed from a plurality of independently formed partsv whereby the separate parts which are composed mainly of tubings, stampings, forgings or the like may be produced at a low manufacturing cost, and which when assembled to form the cylinder structure will produce a light, well-balanced as well as strong and durable structure, and further, whereby the formation of. the combustion chamber, intake and exhaust ports as well as circulating chamber is materially simplied; a further object being to provide a cylinder structure of the class described consisting of a main cylinder tube around the head end of which is arranged a supplemental tube between which and the lirst named tube is formed the. water circulating passage or manifold for the cylinder, and wherein a cylinder head structure composed of independently formed parts is arranged and secured within and to. both of said tubes, with. means in said head structure for forming spark plug receiving chambers; a further object being to provide elongated, flat aswell as arc-shapedV tubes disposed within and secured to the wall structures of the cylinder tubes for forming intake and exhaust passages through both ofv said tubes; a further object being to provide means at the lower end of the cylinder structure and the adjacent part of the cylinder housing or casing in which the cylinder structure is mounted for detachably securing said cylinder structure therein; a still further object being to provide an improved method. of constructing the cylinders of engines of a plurality of parts as described, and joining said parts to.- gether by copper brazing in a hydrogen. electric furnace or in a hydrogen or similar atmosphere to rmlyl and securely unite the parts at; the surface contact areas thereof by copper' brazed joints in accordance with the known copper brazing process to produce in the resulting cylinder structure light, balanced, as well as strong and durable wall structure.. One such. method is described in the patent to Gillette, No. 1,550,157, Aug. 1S, 1925. With these and' other objects in view, the invention consists in a cylinder structure and method of producing the same which is more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following speci'cation, of which the accompanying drawings form a part, in which the separatevv parts of the. improvement are designated by. suitable reference characters in each of the views, and in which:

Fig. 1- isa sectionalview through a part of the cylinder structure andhousing of an engine made according to our invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partial section on the line 3 3- of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of acoupling ring employed for securing the cylinder in place.

Fig. 5 is an expanded or exploded view of the several parts oiV the cylinder structure made according to our invention, shown partially in section and in broken sectional lines in a continuous view extending from the left of the sheet containing Fig. 5Y to the right side of said sheet.

Fi'g. 6'` is a plan View of one of a number of port lining rings or tubes which are employed.

Fig. 7 shows-sectional views of two-*of the tubes shown in Fig. 6v in their relative position to the two receiving recesses of a part of the cylinder shown to the left of said rings on theA drawings.

Fig. 8 is a side and sectional view of the cylin.- der parts shown in` Figs. 5. to 7 inclusive in an assembled. relationship prior to the copper brazing operation; and,

Fig. 9v isa view similar to Fig. 8 taken atv right angles. to ther showing inv Fig. 8.

For the purpose of illustrating one method of carrying our. inventioninto effect, we have illustrated in. the drawings, the construction of a cylinder for what. are known as sleeve valveI internal combustion engines. In Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, the cylinder structure is shown partially in an engine assemblage.. In said gures, I.I representsv the cylinder casing, housing and manifold. of oneA of the cylinders. of the engine. At I2', IZa, we have shown the intake ports on o-pposed sides of the casing and at I3, I3a correspending exhaust ports: arranged above said. intake ports. Arranged in the bore I4 of the; casing is a liner sleeve I5 having ports therein registering with the ports I2, I2a, I3, I 3a; Slidably mounted within the liner I5 is a sleeve valve I6 having ports' ISa, Ila adapted to register: on reciprocatio-n by` means not shown. with the ports I2a, l3nt to open and close the' intake and ex.- haust in thev operation of engines ofv this type, such for example, as disclosed in United States patentsto Lonas No. 1,763,664, June 17, 1930, and Lonas, No. 1,686,824, Oct. 8, 1928..

At the lower' end of the casing II is a reduced bore; I8 terminating in a beveled surface I8a in connection. with. which. a cylinder retaining. ring Vao |9 seats to support our improved cylinder structure within the cylinder casing. The lower part Ila of the casing has at circumferentially spaced intervals, lugs Hb, in which are supported circumferentially spaced studs ||c, which pass through circumferentially spaced .apertured lugs or ears |9a on the coupling ring |9 as seen in Figs. land 4 of the drawings. The ring I9 has an inner corrugated surface |919 and an inwardly projecting key pin |9c for keying the cylinder structure 29 against movement with respect to said ring as well as the cylinder casing.

The cylinder structure 29 is composed of a main tubular cylinder 2|, at the upper end of Y which is a supplemental enlarged cylinder tube 22 having a supplemental head 23. The supplemental tube 22 is centered and spaced from the cylinder 2| by outwardly extending flanges 2| on the cylinder 2| which define the periphery of ports formed in the cylinder 2| as later described. Rings 25 and 24a are also employed to space and reinforce the parts 2| and 22. Within the upper end of the tube 2| is a main head part 25 of cup shape -including a bracing or reinforcing w-eb plate 2B and spark plug housings consisting of tubular parts 21 and 28. The supplemental head 23 includes a projecting tubular extension 29 forming part of the water manifold of the cylinder.

The lower part of the cylinder structure has a sealing ring and a corrugated sleeve 3|, the latter being spun around the outwardly7 flared lower end 2| a of the tube 2| as indicated at 3|a.

In this connection, it will be apparent that the corrugations 3|b of the sleeve 3| conform with the corrugated surface |912 of the ring I9 to form a locking or keying engagement of the cylinder structure with said ring, the sleeve 3| being apertured as indicated at 3|c to receive th-e key pin |9c. The upper end of the sleeve 3| seats in a groove 39a formed in the ring 39, said ring having a largegroove 30h in the outer surface thereof in which a suitable packing may be disposed.

The cylinder proper or tube 2| is cut out at its upper end as indicated at 2 lb to receive the spark plug housing part 21, and opposed side walls are cut out as seenat 2|c and 2|d to form intake and exhaust passages in said part, the tubular part 22 having similar openings 22a and 221).

In these openings are disposed liner rings 32,

one of which is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings in plan, and two of which are shown in section in Fig. 7 of the drawings, the latter showing being disposed adjacent the openings 2|c, 2|d. The tubular liners 32 have curved or arc-shaped outer surfaces 32a conforming to the contour of the cylinder part 22 and curved inner surfaces 32D conforming to the contour of the wall of the cylinder part 2|.

In mounting these tubes in connection with the parts 2|, 22 in forming the cylinder assemblage, the inner curved edges 32D are flared onto the walls of the apertures or openings 2|c, 2|d, in the manner indicated at 32C in Fig. 9 of the drawings. Intermediate and above and below the apertures 22a, 221), the part 22 has ring grooves 22e for receiving sealing rings or the like 33 as indicated in Fig. l of the drawings, it being noted in this connection that the outer curved edges 32a of the port liner tubes 32 project beyond the surfaces of thel part 22 to form supporting walls for the rings 33 at the port openings.

The part 22 forms in conjunction with the part 2| a water circulating chamber 34 which communicates with the water jacket 35 of the cylinder casing at the lower end of the part 22, the water circulating through apertures 24h formed in the rings 24, 24a and upwardly between the parts 2|, 22 and around the head 25 as well as the spark plugV housings consisting of the parts 21 and 28 upwardly through the supplemental head 23 and the pipe or manifold 29. The head 25 is in the form of a cup-shaped body, the lower end of which has oppcsitely arranged apertures 25a in which the parts 28 are secured, and opposed walls have U-shaped recesses or apertures 25b which are arranged in alinement with the apertures 2lb, the latter forming passages permitting the cooling water to circulate into the head 25.

The reinforcing and bracing web 26 consists of a plate transversing the cylinder head 25 intermediate the spark plug housings, the central portion 26a of said partition plate being reduced and the side portions apertured as seen at 2Gb. The ends of said plate have curved edges 26e which seat in and conform with the contour of the side wall of the head 25, the lower end of the plate having foot pieces 26d seating on the domed bottom wall of the head and the lower corners being recessed as seen at 26e to provide circulating passages at the bottom of the head structure.

The supplemental head 23 has downwardly flanged apertures 23a in which the upper end of the tubular parts 21 are secured, the peripheral side walls or flanges 23h of said parts being secured to the inner surface or bore of the part 22 at the top thereof. It will also appear that the upper en-d of the part 28 is grooved as seen at 28a to receive the lower end of the part 21, whereas the tubular extension of the part 28 is internally threaded as indicated at 28h to receive a spark plug or ignition device 36 such as indicated at the left of Fig. 3 of the drawings. The exploded or extended View of the several parts of the cylinder structure as seen in Fig. 5 including the liner rings seen in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawings when formed are firmly pressed together to provide the assemblage indicated in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings.

It is understood that said parts in somev instances will be pressed together under pressure to insure positive frictional engagement between the adjacent abutting walls of the separate parts, and when so assembled, rings, ribbons, strips or pieces of copper or copper alloys indicated at 31 suitable for producing copper brazing are disposed in the corners or crevices or between adjacent surfaces of all of the parts as is indicated by the small circles and ribbon-like deposits on Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings. These deposits will provide a flow or capillary transmission of the brazing material employed into and between the adjacent or abutting surfaces of the separate parts to copper braze said surfaces by placing thecomplete assemblage with the copper elements thereon in a hydrogen electric furnace heated to a suitable temperature to produce the said brazed joint between the respective parts, the temperature being at approximately 2100 Fahrenheit, but may be varied in dealing with metals or metal alloys of different kinds in the construction of the complete cylinder structure. In Fig. 1 of the draw'- ings, I have indicated at 38 by double section lines the copper brazed joints between the parts.

By constructing the cylinder of an engine in accordancewith the method described, each part of the cylinder structure may be composed of tubing or sheet material forged or die formed into g5 the required and designated; shape, thus material- 15g reducing the manufacturing cost of the cornplete cylinder assemblage andrat the same time ,provid-ing nished surfaces, upon which the piston of the cylinder operates as well as the sleeve valve it4 being understood that such nished surfaces will be trued up. or ground after the parts have beenassembled in order to provide the desired fits and the properalinement of the surfaces as will be apparent. v

It willalso,- appear that an engine structure of the class described by virtue of the design thereof andrnethod of constructing theA same, will produce a greater degree of thermo-symmetry by virtue of the structure and arrangement of the exhaust ports upon the cylinder from the standpoint of the circumferential area of such ports, as, well' as'the narrowness of' the portsv providing a. greater exposurer of the Walls thereof to the cooling Water, of the engine, producing a temperatureuniformity throughout the cylinder struc- In sleevevalve engines, the arrangment of cooling manifold chambers with respect to the valve; or that part of the cylinder in connection with.` whichthe valve operates also produces less distortion of the parts and eliminates leakage betweenv the cylinder structure and sleeve valve.

By virtue of, the arrangement of the head 25 with respect to the intake and exhaust ports, relativelyA smooth wall; lines of the combustion chamber-or head end of the cylinder are formed which insure more complete and thorough exhaust of the burnt gases,` and eliminate to a large degree the pocketingofspent gases within said chamber. At., the same time, the intake port arrangement with. respect to the head insures the most effective introduction of the combustible mixture wdthout; excessive dilution withl spent gases as would` otherwise be the case. The effect of this arrangement will produce by virtue of the higher c ombustibility of the. incoming charge a greater volumetric; eiciency and greater power. l

The ent-ire cylinder structure may be quickly attached anddetached with respect tothe cylinder.` casing byy simply removing` the ring IS, dropping-5 theA same and. saidz cylinder structure a slight degree to displace the ring from the cylinder structure, and then4 pulling the entire cylinder structure-upwardhz through the head end thereof, it being: understood that the sleeve valve and other mechanisms have been removed for this purpose.. In this. way; the various parts of the cylinder structurel may. be cleanedl or repaired as well as the liner l5. By virtue of the low production` cost of, the cylinder; structure, a new unit mayflzxe,substitutedV for a worn one at a cost which would be possibly cheaper than the repairing of a vvornunit.`

It will be, understood that while we have shown our inventiona-s applied tothe cylinder of an engineo a; particularl type or class, the` invention is1not. necessarily limited, in this respect, nor are Wey necessarily limited to the specific structure of the cylinder oi-v a sleeve valve engine suchY as herein.; shown and described, and various changes therein and, modifications thereof may be made within the, scope of the appended claims without departingfrom` the spirit of our invention or sacricing its4 advantages..

Having fullydescribed our invention, what we claimas4 newv and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1'. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinderA casing, a cylinder unit detachable with 'respect: to: saidv casing including a. long cylinder tube, means at the lower end of said tube and on the wall of the cylinder casing for detachably securing the cylinder unit within and to said casing, said last named means comprising a ring seating in the cylinder casing and means thereon and on the cylinder tube for keying said tub-e against longitudinal and circumferential movement.

2..A cylinder unit for engines comprisingv a plurality of independently formed cylinder parts including a cylinder proper and a head, said head being cup-shaped in form and extending, into and transversing the upper end portion'of the cylinder to form combustion spaces between opposite sides thereof and the Walls of the cylinder, means for securing said parts together, said unit including an annular sleeve encircling the head end of the cylinder and in spaced relation thereto, opposed walls of the cylinder and sleeve having one intake port and one exhaust port at each side thereof opening into said combustion spaces of the cylinder, and tubular liners secured to and extending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween.

3. A cylinder structure for internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder proper and a head, the head being cup-shaped in form and extending into and transversing the upper end portion of the cylinder to form combustion spaces between the` walls of the inwardly extending head and the cylinder wall, said combustion spaces comprising the major portion of the clearance volume and being disposed above the lower inner extending end of said head, and the minor portion of the clearance volume` joining said combustion spaces across the inner end of the head.

4. A cylinder structure for internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder proper and a head, the head being cup-shaped in form and extending into and transversing the upper end portion of the cylinder to form combustion spaces between the walls of the inwardly extending head and the cylinder wall, said combustion spaces comprising the major portion of the clearance volume and being disposed above the lower inner extending end of said head, the minor portion of the clearance volume joining said combustion spaces across the inner end of the head, the cylinder being provided with a water circulatng passage formed therearound, and means for placing the lower portion of the head in cornmunication with the water circulating passage of said cylinder to provide an upward circulation of water through said head.

5. A cylinder structure for engines comprising` independently formed tubular cylinder parts arranged one Within the other and spaced apart, annular members disposed between adjacent surfaces of said parts at longitudinally spaced intervals, said members serving to couple and reinforce the cylinder parts, said cylinder parts being coupled together and united to said members by copper brazed joints formed as described, and the alloy of copper forming the joints being arrange between and extending into the material of said parts and members at the abutting surfaces thereof to securely unite the same together.

6. A cylinder structure for engines comprising independently formed tubular cylinder parts arranged one within the other and spaced apart, annular members disposed between adjacent surfaces of said parts at longitudinally spaced intervals, said members serving to couple and reinforce the spaced cylinder parts, a' cup-shaped head extending into the inner cylinder parts, both cylinder parts having radially registering intake and exhaust ports, tubular liners mounted in both cylinder parts to complete the ports through the spaced walls of said cylinder parts, said cylinder parts, members head and liners being united by copper brazed joints formed as described to form a unit of all of said Parts, an outer cylinder casing, and said .unit being attachable and detachable with respect to said casmg.

'7. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinder part, an independent head fittingl within and snugly engaging a portion of the inner surface of the wall of the cylinder part at one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, and the engaging surfaces of the head and cylinder being united by a copper brazed joint formed as described.

8. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinder part, an independent head snugly engaging the Wall of the cylinder part at one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeve encircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing members disposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having sur-- faces firmly engaging said sleeve and cylinder, and all of said engaging surfaces being united by copper brazed joints formed as described.

9. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinder part, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder part at one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeve encircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing members disposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmly engaging said sleeve and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve having circumferentially extending intake and exhaust ports arranged in common alinement, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports and extending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween, and the abutting or engaging surfaces of all of said parts being securely coupled together by copper brazed joints formed as described.

10. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinder part, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder part at one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeve encircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing members disposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmly engaging said sleeve` and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve having circumferentially extending intake and exhaust ports arranged in common alinement, the cylinder having outwardly extending flanges bordering the edges of said ports, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports and extending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween by a supplemental head disposed above the first named head and fitting snugly in said sleeve, and the abutting surfaces of all of said parts being securely coupled together by copper brazed joints formed as described.

ll. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinder part, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder part at one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeve encircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing members disposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmly engaging said sleeve and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve havingY circumferentially extending` intake and exhaust ports arranged in common alinement, the cylinder having outwardly extending flanges bordering the edges of said ports, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports and extending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween by a supplemental head disposed above the first named head and fitting snugly in said sleeve, a tubular body mountedV in said first named head and supplemental head and opening into said cylinder, said body forming 'a spark plug housing, and the abutting surfaces of all of said parts being securely coupled tol gether by copper brazed joints formed as described.

12. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinder, a sleeve encircling said cylinder at one end portion thereof in spaced relation thereto to form an annular passage between the cylinder and sleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having on opposed walls thereof registering intake and exhaust ports disposed one above the other, tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering ports of the cylinder and sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeve to couple the cylinder and sleeve together andato complete the ports through the annular chamber formed between said cylinder andfsleeve, and said tubular liners being secured to the cylinder and sleeve by copper brazed joints formed as described.

13. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinder, a sleeve encircling said cylinder at one end portion thereof in spaced relation thereto to form an annular passage between the cylinder and sleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having on opposed walls thereof registering intake and exhaust ports disposed one above the other, tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering ports of the cylinder and sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeve to couple the cylinder and sleeve together and to complete the ports through the annular chamber formed between said cylinder and sleeve, a cupshaped head fitting snugly in the first named end portion of said cylinder and extending downwardly into and transversing the cylinder to form combustion chambers within the cylinder at opposite sides of said head and with whichsaid intake and exhaust ports register, andl said tubular liners and said head being secured in position by copper brazed joints formed as described.

14. A cylinder structure for engines compris- .f

ing an elongated cylinder, a sleeve encircling said cylinder at one end portion thereof in spaced relation thereto to form an annular passage between the cylinder and sleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having on opposed Walls thereof registering intake and exhaust ports disposed one above the other, tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering ports of the cylinder and sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeve to couple the cylinder and sleeve together and to complete the ports through the annular chamber formed between said cylinder and sleeve, a cupshaped head fitting snugly in the first named end portion of said cylinder and extending downwardlyinto and transversing the cylinder to form combustion chambers within the cylinder at opposite sides of said head and with which said intake and exhaust ports register,rsad tubular liners and said head being secured in position by copper brazed joints formed as'describedfto '75 form a, cylinder unit of said parts, a cylinder casing in connection'wth which said unit is detachably coupled, and means involving a split ring engaging the lower end portion of the cylinder and said cylinder casing for securing the cylinder unit within said casing.

15. A cylinder unit comprising an elongated cylinder tube, a head permanently xed to one end of said tube and including a. cup-shaped sheet metal body extending downwardly into the tube and spaced from opposed walls of said tube to form independent circumferentially extending passages between said body and opposed walls 5 of the cylinder tube.

FRANK E. LONAS. FREDERIC C. BOOTH.

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