US2053601A

US2053601A - Method and apparatus for coating paper

Info

Publication number: US2053601A
Application number: US3924A
Authority: US
Inventors: Orme E Cheatham
Original assignee: International Paper Co
Current assignee: International Paper Co
Priority date: 1935-01-29
Filing date: 1935-01-29
Publication date: 1936-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 1953-09-08

Description

Sept. 8, 1936. o. E. CHEATHAM METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COATING PAPER Filed Jan. 29, 1935 ZSheetS-SheQt 1 INVENTOfi Orme E. Chealham BY K g i ATTORNE Sept. 8, 1936. o. E. CHEATHAM METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COATING PAPER Filed Jan. 29, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 "fl/Ill INYENTOR Orme ECCheal/vam BY E ATTORNEY Patented .Sept. 8, 1936 UNITED STATES 2,053,601 mn'rnon AND APPARATUS ron COATING PAPER Orme a. Clieatham, New York, N. 1., am... a; International Paper Company, New York,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 29. 1935, Serial No. 3,924

13 Claims.

My present invention relates to a method and' show through to obscure the printing upon the other side.

The primary object of my invention is to deli vise a method and apparatus whereby .papers can be coated with a very lightweight coating without there being defects in the surface of the cootint,

It has long been possible .to coat paper with a so very heavy coating, but the present invention is designed for the manufacture of a light-weight coated paper, e. g., a paper having three pounds.

dry weight 'of coating on one surface of a ream (a standard ream being five hundred sheets each as 25"x38", or a total of three thousand three hundred square feet of paper). A desired coating is thus in the range of about three pounds per three thousand three hundred square feet, or one pound of coating to one surface of one 30 thousand one hundred square feet of paper.

A further object of the invention is to devise apparatus which is easily and quickly adjustable to maintain a desired weightvof coating on various weights of paper, which have correspond- 35 ingly varied thicknesses.

A further object of my invention is to devise a method and apparatusfor coating paper whereby the coating-material will be firmly bonded to the surface of the paper in order that the print- 40 ing apparatuswill not pick portions of the coating. I A further object of my invention is to devise an apparatus for coatingpaper which is quickly and easily adjusted to accommodate various thick- 5 nesses of paper, various types of paper, and to ,apply various thicknesses of the same coating, or to apply dliferent types of coating, in order that any type of coated paper may be produced upon the same apparatus. One drawback of prior 50 coating machines has been. that each machine is designed primarily to apply a certain type of coating to atcertain type of paper. Theipparatus herein disclosed overcomes this object by providing a wide range of operating conditions in a 55 single machine, whereby papers ranging from (or. sc-ss) light tissue paper coated with a light coating of P thin composition to a very heavy paper coated with a very heavy coating of thick composition may be made. A wide range-of operating conditions may be quickly produced in order that the 6 operator may determine the best conditions to produce any one type of .paper.

A further object of my invention is to provide nieansfor coating one or,both sides of a web' of paper in the making process in order thatthe 10 intermediate step of winding the web at the end of theexisting paper making machine, may be eliminated. -In achieving this object of my in vention I have devised amethod and apparatus whereby the existing equipment need not be altered in such' a fashion that the machine could not be used for making machine calendered, machine finished, or other uncoated papers.

A further object of my invention is to produce a method and apparatus for carrying out the last mentioned object wherein a paper as it emerges from the forming machinemay be led through' alternative steps to produce the following:

1.--Uncoated papers a 2.-Papers coated on one surface; and $5 3.Papers coated on both surfaces.

A further object of my invention is to devise an arrangement of apparatuses whereby the objects of the foregoing paragraph may be obtained in order that various types of papers maybe manufactured in the making process, or alternatively, papers previously made by the existing paper machine may be coated in the same coating apparatus on one or both surfaces as a separate manufacturingprocess. Consistent with the foregoing, if the paper making machine should be idle, the coating can nevertheless be accomplished upon previously manufactured papers.

Other and further objects and advantages of my invention will be realized from a study of the following specification, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred form of the apparatus for applying and smoothing the coating, the apparatus therein disclosed being used in conjunction with drying mechanism to dry. the coating; 0

Fig. 2 discloses a preferred arrangement of coating mechanism and making machine for carrying out the foregoing objects;

Fig. 3 discloses a detail of th'ecoatlng mecha nism; k, so

Fig. 4 is a section of the coating mechanism taken along line 4--4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a partial section similarto Fig. 4 and illustrating an alternative arrangement; and

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the coating apparatus and illustrating features of the process involved.

Referring to Fig. 1, my invention embodies two backing rolls, a lower roll A and an upper roll B. These rolls may be surfaced with soft or hard material, or one may be hard and the other soft, in accordance with the desired practice. For the universal use of my invention I prefer that both rolls A and B be hard rolls so that they may have true surfaces across the entire unsupported width thereof. The rolls are preferably large, 1. e., thirty inches in diameter although it is not essential that they both should have the same diameter. The primary prerequisite of the rolls is that they should be capable of maintaining true surfaces across the entire width of the web. The ordinary, modern; high-speed making machine creates aiweb up to two hundred inches in width; for this reason the rolls must be rigidly constructed.

At I0 I have shown an applicator, which in the preferred embodiment consists of a rollpartially submerged in a bath of coating material. This roll is adjustably mounted so as to vary the gap between it and roll A about which the paper web is passed. Roll A and roll l0 preferably revolve in opposite directions so that roll l0 easily transfers a layer of coating to the web. In carrying out myprocess it is intended that the applicator should apply more coating than is desired, but not much more.

At I I there is shown a limiting roll, likewise adjustably mounted so as to be movable toward and from the web. Roll H is a hard-surfaced roll rigidly constructed so as to maintain a true surface across the width thereof. The nip of rolls II and A is fixed in accordance with the determined conditions so as to allow the thickness of paper being coated and a desired thickness of coating to pass therethrough. Roll ll preferably rotates in the same direction as roll A, and since the web carries a slight excess of coating over that desired there will be a slight pool of coating formed at the lower or entering angle. The formation of this pool materially aids in causing the coating to be spread uniformly upon the surface of the web. The primary purpose of roll A is to insure that all excess coating will be brushed back. If there is a great excess some of it will drop down onto the surface of roll l0 and be returned intothe applicator bath where it willbe remixed and reused. A portion of the coating will be carried around roll II and will be removed by a cleaning device I2. I have illustrated the cleaning device as a roll l2 (which is preferably rubber-faced) against which is mounted a cleaning doctor conveying the removed coating material into a trough fromwhich it may be salvaged. Various and sundry types of cleaning devices are well known and may besubstituted for the roll and doctor, as long as the cleaning device operates to remove the film adhering to roll ll so that excess coating material will not be carried back to the web.

The web, bearing substantially the desired amount of coating material, now passes between 'aosaeoi their surfaces in engagement with the web move in the same direction. Even though the paper is now bearing substantially the desired weight of coating, there will be a slight pool of coating material formed at C.

The web is led from the nip of rolls A and B away from the surface of roll B and around a to the reversely turning roll I l and the very moist condition of the coating material, will be rippled and otherwise uneven. At C a pool of coating material is squeezed back, the pool varying in size from time to time. After the web passes the center-line of the rolls it will have had the coating material forced into the pores and between the fibres thereof to a certain extent, but a major portion of the material will remain on the surface of the web as a film 3|. Due to the fact that the web is quickly led away from the surface of roll B, not all of the coating material will be bonded to the surface of the web and a portion of the coating material will adhere to the surface of the roll as a fllm 32. The cohesion of the coating material will cause an uneven splitting of its body so that ridges and uneven spots will remain in the coating applied to the web 30. Because the coating has not been in contact with the paper for any appreciable length of time (particularly at the normal making speed of six hundred feet per minute)'not all of the liquid medium will be absorbed or evaporated and the portion of the coating material 32 which adheres to roll B will be in substantially its original state. Since the paper is rough and absorbent it tends to draw more of the coating material to its surface and the film 32 will be comparatively thin.

Line a, b is drawn tangentially to the surface of the two rolls, and lines 0, d and e, f are the tangential radii. Line 9, h is a normal to the center-line of the rolls, passing through the point of intersection, k, of the tangent and the center-line. The angle of tangency of roll A will always be equal to the angle of tangency of roll B regardless of the size of either roll and the distance between the rolls. Likewise, angles aj-Ic-g and hlcb will be equal to the angle of tangency. In this instance I have illustrated the angle as being about ten degrees. In carrying out the process of my invention roll I4 is preferably vertically adjusted for each setting of roll B in order that web 30 will be led away from roll B substantially at the angle of inclination of the tangent, or parallel to line a, b. a

It can be seen that as the distance between rolls A and B is increased, the inclination of line a, b will increase, and to maintain web 30 parallel thereto roll- I4' is to be .raised. The reason for separating the rolls is to accommodate a thicker web and/or a thicker coating. Raising roll I will shift the point at which the coating composition tends to split into films 3| and 32 and will maintain the web in contact with roll B for a greater length of time. In this fashion practically the proportionate quantity of material will always be maintained in each film, and a proportionate pressing of the coating material into the web will be maintained. In other words, to have the same operating conditions for any coating, or paper, it is merely necessary to adjust roll I4 so as to-maintain the web parallel to the tangent to 'therollsAandB.

' At roll ll, the film 3| will be further smoothed and compressed into the web, particularly since the web has had considerable opportunity to absorb the liquid-medium and the liquid medium has had some opportunity to thicken by evaporation of the liquid medium. Nevertheless, the web leaves roll I in a moist condition and its surface will be somewhat rough and rippled. In order that'the utmost smoothness will be imparted to the coating before it has had an opportunity to set, the following mechanism is employed:

Mounted above roll Here a plurality of spaced.

smoothing rolls resting upon the upper surface of roll B. I have illustrated six rolls, numbered l to 20 inclusive, but any desired number may be used. The primary purpose of mounting these rolls in the manner illustrated is to support the rolls. Such rolls, being preferably not more than two inches in diameter, .are self-supporting in short lengths, but for use in connection with a paper making machine must'be at least eighteen feet in length and haveheretofore been thought to be impractical because they could not be prevented from sagging. It has been suggested that such a roll could be supported at intermediate points but this is impractical since the supporting elements would create different surface conditions upon the rolls at various points throughout their lengths. By mounting the smoothing mils so as to be supported by the roll B throughout their lengths it is insured that the same condition exists throughout any surface element of each smoothing roll. v

In order that the web may be fed through the machine and maintained in contact with each of the smoothing rolls there is provided a driven felt 2| above the smoothing rolls. Felt 2| passes about rolls 22, 23 and 24, each of whichis shiftable to a considerable extent. As illustrated in Fig. 1, if roll 23 is elevated to the position shown in dotted outline, roll 22 must be shifted to maintain tension upon the feeding felt. Such shifting would result in the portion of the web stretched between roll it and roll B to assume the dotted line position illustrated in Fig. 1 thereby throwing the web out of engagement with smoothing rolls l5 and Hi. The web passes upward around roll 24, and shifting of roll 24, either with or independently of roll 23, will throw the web into or out of engagement with any combination of the smoothing rolls. By means of this simple adjustment any number of the smoothing rolls may be utilized, as determined to be, best for each type of paperto be produced. Roll 22 is vertically adjustable in order to maintain proper tension upon the felt 2| so that the web of paper will be yieldingly pressed against the peripheries A of the smoothing rolls. Rolls l5 to 20 inclusive are preferably adjustably mounted so that suitable frictional contact may be maintained with the surface of roll 13, or that any one of the rolls maybe shifted out of contact with the surface of around roll It to point D, where the web againapproaches roll B,'is appreciably greater than the are C-D. The film 3| is not only being absorbed by the web, but is pressed into the web and worked by roll It so that by the time the web approaches point-D the film 32 "will be considerably more plastic than the film 3|. At point D, therefore, roll I5 is in engagement at one side with a film of coating material on the web of paper and on the diametrically opposite side with a moister film of coating material on the surface of roll B. The smoothing rolls are rotatable (Fig. 1) by their frictional contact with roll B and tend to rotate in the opposite direction to the web, particularly if they are adjusted to have a firm contact with roll B and felt 2| is slightly slackened. The re versely rotating smoothing rolls tend to wipe the partially, coagulated coating on. the web, and,

coating and smooth the same to a, great extent.

The same process will be repeated at roll |6,.onl y there will be less coating material upon the surface of roll B and more upon the surface of the web. In some instances it will be found that the kneading of the successive rolls will thicken the coating upon the web and work it in to such an extent that roll 20 will merely act as a last smoothing roll and will not have any moistening or other effect. 7

Regardless of the theoretical condition of the coating material ateach instant (which, of course, would be difficult to observe because of the high speeds and the nature of the process), the apparatus used in the-manner-described produces a smoother, coated paper than heretofore possible, and uniformly coated papers of all classes may be manufactured. It will be appreciated that the bight of the web and the roll B may not have continuously smooth films thereon, such as films 3| and 32 illustrated, and in fact it is more than probable that the portions of the coating material on the roll and on the web will be rough, particularly if the desired coating is very heavy. Nevertheless, the final result is a smooth, coated paper. I

sults, as well as various types of coating composition, may be experimentally determined to require various combinations of smoothing 'r'olls. Thus, by shifting roll 28 to the position shown in dotted outline in Fig. 1, and by shifting rolls l5 and i6 from engagement with roll B, the point D will be shifted to roll l1 and there will be but four smoothing rolls in operation. Similarly, roll 24 may be shifted to such an extent that, poinfD remaining as it, is, there will be but rolls IS, i6, i1 and possibly I! in operation. Both rolls 23 and 24 may be shifted until only one, or none of the smoothing rolls will be in operation.

23 and/or 24' while leavingall of the smoothing rolls in contact with roll B, thereby working and thickening the film I2 before it is brought into contact with the web and allowing a greater time for film 3| to be absorbed and thickened before being brought into contact with the smoothing rolls.

In order that a clean surface will be presented atpoint C roll 13 is preferably cleaned, as by Other conditions may be created by shifting rolls 5 8 cleaning 1 25, and a doctor blade and collecting trough 26.

It may be preferable, as previously explained, to rotate the smoothing rolls by their frictional engagement with roll B, but it may likewise be preferable to have the rolls driven in one direction or the other in order that positive rotation in a certain direction and at a certain speed may be obtained. In Figs. 3 and 4 there is illustrated a large gear 40 keyed to the shaft 4| of roll B for rotation therewith. Gear 40 meshes with a gear 42 keyed to the shaft 43 of each of the smoothing rolls. Each smoothing roll, therefore, will be rotated at a constant speed having a deflnite relation to the speed of the web and its surface bearing against the web will be travelling in a reverse direction to that of the web.

In Fig. 5, afurther modification is shown wherein gear 40 is loosely mounted upon a ring bearing 44 carried by shaft 4|. A gear 45 driven by shaft 46 meshes with and drives gear 40. Depending upon the direction of rotation of gear 45, the smoothing rolls can be made to rotate in either direction, and the speed of gear 45 may be varied so as to vary the speed of the smoothing rolls relative to the speed of travel of the web. Va-

.rious speeds and directions of rotation may be 'ther smoothing of the coating upon found desirable for different operating conditions and desired results.

I Regardless of the direction. of rotation of the smoothing rolls, it is desirable. to reciprocate the rolls longitudinally under some conditions. To accomplish this at least one bearing 50 of each smoothing roll may be supplied with an arm 5| carrying a pin. 52 projecting into a slot 53 in the smoothingroll. The pitch of slot 53 determines the longitudinal movement of the roll. The effect of this device is to cause rubbing and furthe web, and to prevent or break up uneven accumulations of the film upon roll B. In order to accommodate the longitudinal reciprocatlons of the rolls, gear 40 is relatively broad so that gears 42 will always remain ini'nesh therewith. In the assembling of the mechanism, the gear 42 of each roll may be brought into mesh with gear 40 at a relatively different position so that at any instant each pin 52 will be ina relatively different position in its slot 53, with the result that each smoothing roll may be travelling in a different direction, or at least will beat a different position. The smoothing rolls may be made in any known fashion, for instance, they may be covered with a cloth, felt or other soft surfacing material, or may be hard-surfaced'rolls, or may have a rubber coating adhered thereto. It is not my intention to claim any particular type of roll,.elther with respect to the smoothing rolls or any of the other rolls, since the invention is directed toward the mechanism arranged as illustrated, each roll being manufactured in accordance with the'desired practice. It is mybelief that, regardless of the surface characteristic of each roll in the mechanismiany type of paper having any type of coatlug-can be manufactured, all that is necessary being experimentally to determine the proper setting of each element of the mechanism.

In order most eflectively to utilise'my coating mechanism, the arrangement-shown in Fig. 2 is preferred. In this 00 represents the-floor of the room in which the papermaking machine is located. OI to 88, inclusive, represent conventional dryer drums located at the dry end of the papermaking machine. The drums are rotated by suitable mechanism and heated in the usual fashion properly to dry the web entering the dryer drums from the left of Fig. 2. Not all of the usual number of dryer drums are illustrated, there usually being twenty or more. In the arrangement illustrated, the upper tier of dryer drums have the web 30 heldin engagement therewith by a driven dryer felt or' felts 10 passing around guide rolls H. The lower tier of dryer drums have the web 30 held in engagement therewith by a driven felt 12 passing around guide rolls [3. It is customary, particularly in a long line of dryer drums, to have one or more dryer felts in each tier in order that undue stretching of the felt will be avoided and proper driving thereof can be achieved. Thus, in Fig. 2 the lower dryer drums 66 and 68 are shown as having a separate dryer felt 14 passing around guide rolls15. The manner of driving the dryer felts and of passing the web through the dryer drums regardless of the number of dryer felts is well known. The ends of felts l2 and 14 are iocated between dryer drums 64 and 66, but it is a very simple matter to shift the position of-any dryer felt to any point desired in any ordinary papermaking machine.

It is the purpose of my invention to allow the dryer drums to remain exactly as ordinarilymounted, since the framework and driving mechanism for the dryer drums is a very expensive and massive structure. At some intermediate point along the drums, when the web has received sumcient drying to be self-sustaining, I split the lower dryer felts and, adjacent the ends as illustrated, I create an opening "IS in the floor 60. Adjacent the dryer drum 64 there is a guide roller TI around which the web 30 may be passed to a room below the making room. This arrangement is of extreme importance for several reasons, as

follows:

1.-Ordinarily the paper mill has been designed to fit the type and size of machine desired, the usual arrangement being such that lengthening of the machine cannot be accomplished without rebuilding at least a portion of the mill.

2.It is common knowledge that paper which has been'completely dried and stored, ordinarily must be moistened before it can be successfully coated. It is a feature of my process that the paper when coated, while dried to the point of being strong enough to maintain itself, is not completely dried as it would be if passed through the entire set of dryer drums and is moist enough to be coated. In order to coat the paper at this point, it has been proposed to mount coating mechanism between sections of the dyer drums. One manner of accomplishing this is to pass the web upward above the top of the dryer drums. This is impractical because, first, the additional weight must be supported, secondly, the dryer drums are surmounted by a hood which is closely adjacent the upper drums and which conserves heat and causes complete drying with fewer drums, which hood would have to be removed for a' considerable part of its extent in order to accommodate the coating mechanism and its mountings, and thirdly and most important, the terrific heat above the dryer drums makes it impossible for a man to be stationed in position to control the coating, and impossible for proper coating to be performed inasmuch as the heat coagulates the coating in the applicator and on the paper before it has had an opportunity to be smoothed. For these'reasons the arrangement illustrated in Fig.2 is considered of utmost value.

In the drawing ll represents a floor below the 2,053,001 1 making room, upon which the coating mechanism is mounted. The web 88 is'led around guide rolls 8|, 82,, 88 and 84 and into a coating and smoothing mechanism represented at 85 and constructed in accordance with the foregoing description'thereof. As illustrated, there is mo ted adjacent the coating mechanism a large er drum 88, preferably twelve feetor more indiameter, around which the web is passed for a greater portion of its circumference. The web is then passed around guide roll 81 into a second coating mechanism represented at 88 where the opposite surface of the paper may be coated and dried by a similar large dryer drum 89. It is then passed around guide rolls 80 and 8|, back through the opening 16 to guide roll 82, and into the succeeding dryer drumsin the making machine.

It will be observed in Fig. 2 that the side to which coating is appliedat 85 is maintained out of contact with, the surface of drum 86 and. will have been dried sufficiently to prevent roughening thereof by the time .it contacts the guide rolls.

At 88 the opposite surface of the paper is coated and maintained out of contact with the drum 89, and the coating will. have set before it comes in contact with guide roll 80.

The extreme advantage of this arrangement will be realized when it is seen that the web 80 may be passed from'dryer drum 64 to dryer drum 65, as indicated at 30, in order that the production of ordinary paper may proceed. If passed to the coating mechanism, the web 80 may be coated on one side and thereupon passed around rolls I and Jill to the roll 92 and into the succeeding dryer drums, as indicated at 30", if it is desired that one surface only of the paper be coated and that the large drums not be utilized. If only one surface is to be coated the web 30 may be passed from guide roll 81 around guide roll I02 and thence to the succeeding dryer drums, as indicated at .38'. Any desired arrangement may be realized in the illustrated device.

The particular arrangement of the coating mechanisms relative to the

large dryer drums

86 and 88 may be altered so as to place both coating devices between the dryer drums or to place only one between the dryer drums, or the coating mechanisms may be turned around so that the web 30 will be closely adjacent the dryer drums when it emerges therefrom. The illustrated arrangement is merely one possible manner of achieving the objects of my invention.

A further advantage of the invention will be apparent when it is realized that the coating mechanism may be maintained and operated entirely separately from the .making machine, and a preformed web 88"" may be led into the coating mechanism and thereafter passed through the'routes previously outlined. By this arrangement it is made certain that production of ordinary papers can be continued at the same time that the production of coated papers is achieved by utilizing preformed and storedrolls. In this way the mill laborers can 'be profitably employed during periods of mill shut-down.

A second advantage, it will be apparent. is that no expensive alterations are necessary in order thatexperiments may be carried on with the coating of paper as a step in the making process. vAnd if, for the particular type of paper being manufactured, it is found impractical to coat the same as a step in'the making process, the paper can be quickly re-routed into the succeeding dryer drums, rolled, and then coated as a separate process. This is of extreme importance since many types of paper are made at extremely high speeds, and it is conceivable that the coating,

of such papers must be conducted at much slower speeds.

I have illustrated preferred embodiments of my invention, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that alterations and modifications in detail and arrangement are possible, and I claim as my invention all such as come within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying more than the desired quantity of a coating material consisting of mineral matter, binder and liquid medium to a web of paper,

immediately thereafter removing the excess quantity of coating material from the web, passing the web and the desired quantity of material between two adjacent rolls revolving with the web with one roll in contact with the coated surface and'at such a distance from the second roll as to allow the passage of the web and the desired quantity of coating material, directing the web away from the nip of the rolls substantially parallel to the tangent to said rolls inclined toward the roll in contact with the coated surface so as to provide a film on said roll and a film on said web, directing the web back toward the surface of said upper roll opposed to the nip of said rolls, the length of the web so separated from the roll being substantially greater than the arcuate dis-.- tance around the surface of the roll so as to permit greater coagulation of the. film ontheweb than of the film on the roll, and simultaneously smoothing the film on the web and moistening the same by transferring thereto the film on th roll.

2. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying more than the desired quantity of a coating material consisting of mineral matter, binder and liquid mediumto a web of paper,

ing the web and the desired quantity of material between two adjacent rolls revolving with the web with one roll in contact with the coated surfaceand at such a distance from the second roll as to allow the passage of the web and the desired quantity of coating material, directing the web away from the nip of the rolls so as to provide a film .on said roll and a film on said web, directing the web back toward the surface of said upper roll opposed to the nip of said rolls, the length of the web so-separated from thejroll being substantially greater than the arcuate distance around the surface of the roll so as to permit greater coagulation of the film on the web than of the film on the roll, and simultaneously smoothing the film on the web and moistening the same-by transferring thereto the film on the roll. 1

3. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying more than the desired quantity of a coating material to a web of paper, removing the excess quantity of. coating material from' ing material, directing the web'away from the nip I of the rolls substantially parallel to thetangent to said rolls inclined toward the roll in. contact with the coatingmaterial so as to cause division of the coating material into a film on said roll and a film on said web, allowing the film on said web to become coagulated to a greater extent than the film on said roll, and simultaneously smoothing the film on said web and transferring thereto the film on said roll.

4. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying more than the desired quantity of a coating material to a web of paper, removing the excess quantity of coating material from the web, passing the web and the desired quantity of material between rolls revolving with the web and separated such a distance as to allow the passage of the web andthe desired quantity'of coating material, directing the web away from the nip of the rolls so as to cause division of the coating material into a film on said roll and a film on said web, allowing the film on said web to become coagulated to a greater extent than the film on said roll, and simultaneously smoothing the film on said web and transferring thereto the film on said roll.

5. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying a coating material to a. web of paper, separating the coating material into a film carried by said web and a film carried by a moving surface, coagulating the film on said web to a greater extent than the film on said moving surface, and simultaneously smoothing the film on said web and transferring thereto the film on said moving surface.

6. The process of producing coated papers comprising, applying the desired quantity of a coating material to a web of paper, transferring a portion thereof to a'travelling surface, coagulating the portion remaining on said web of paper to a greater extent than the portion on said surface. and simultaneously smoothing the portion on the paper and transferring thereto the portion on said surface.

'1. Apparatus for producing coated papers comprising, opposed adjacently situated rolls revolving in opposite directions'so that their adjacent surfaces move with a traveling web passed.

through the nip of said mils, the web being passed aroundone of said rolls and into the nip of the rolls, means adjacent said roll to apply the desired quantity of coating material to said web, and means to direct the coated web away from the nip of said rolls in a direction substantially parallel to the tangent to said rolls inclined toward the roll adjacent the coated surface of the web.

8. App ratus for producing coated papers comprising, opposed adjacently situated rolls revolving in opposite directions so that their adjacent surfaces movewith a travelling web passed through the nip of said rolls, the web be lmpassed around one of mllacoating means adjacent saidroll to apply the desired quantity of coating material to said web, and means to direct the coated web away 7 said rolls in a direction substanfrom the nip of the tangent to said rolls inclined tiallyp'arallelto toward the roll adjacent the coated surface of the web, said coating means comprising an applicator said rolls and into the nip of the I adjustable to apply more than the desired quantity of coating material and a limiting device comprising a. roll having its surface nextthe web traveling in the oppositev direction thereto to remove the excess quantity.

9. Apparatus for producing coated papers comprising, opposed adjacently situated rolls revolving in opposite directions so that their adjacent surfaces move with a travelling web passed through the nip of said rolls, the web being 3' assed around one of said rolls and into the nip of the rolls, means adjacent said roll to apply the desired quantity of coating material to said web, and means to direct the coated web away from the nip of said rolls in a direction substantially parallel to the tangent to said rolls inclined toward the other roll adjacent the coated surface of the web, means to direct the web back toward the opposite surface of saidother roll, smoothing rolls in contact with said opposite surface, and means to press the web against said smoothing rolls.

10. Apparatus for producing coated papers comprising, opposed adjacently situated rolls revolving in opposite directions so that their adjacent surfaces move with a traveling web passed through the nip of said rolls, the web being passed around one of said rollsand into the nip of the rolls, means adjacent said roll to apply the desired 'quantity of coating material to said web,

and means to direct the coated-web away from the nip of said rolls, means to direct the web back toward the opposite surface'of said other roll, smoothing rolls in contact with said opposite surface, and means to press the web against said smoothing rolls.

11. The method of producing coated papers comprising, applying a film of the desired quantity of coating material to a web of paper,splitting said film into two portions, one of which remains on said web, settingthe portion on. said web to a greater extent than the other portion, and reuniting thetwo portions as a smooth film on said web.

12. The method ofproducing coated papers comprising, applying a film of the desired quantity of coating material to a web of paper, splitting said film into two portions, one of which remains on said web, setting the portion on said web to a greater extent than the other portion, and simultaneously smoothing the portion on said web and transferring saidother portion to said web.

13. Apparatus for coating paper comprising means to apply a liquid coating to the surface of the paper, a large roll against which the moist, coated surface of the paper is brought in contact at one side thereof, a plurality of smaller smoothing rolls supported by said large roll on ,theother side thereof and against which the coated surface of the paper is subsequently brought into contact, and a traveling feltpressing the pap aaainst said smoothing rolls.

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