US2040947A

US2040947A - Heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: US2040947A
Application number: US16834A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ollver W Mojonnier; Harry G Mojonnier
Original assignee: Mojonnier Bros Co
Current assignee: Mojonnier Bros Co
Priority date: 1935-04-17
Filing date: 1935-04-17
Publication date: 1936-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 1953-05-19

Description

May 19, 1936. o. w. MoJoNNlER |=:r Ax.

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed April 17, 1935 y 4 Sheets-Sheet l Ell a aimiez' l ad@ May 19, 1936. o'. w. MoJoNNlr-:R E-r AL 2,040,947

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed April 17, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 19, 1936. o. w. MOJONNIER rs1-.AL v2,040,947

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed April 1'?, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 J ff/ faz May 19, 1936- v O, w. MoJoNNlER Er AL 2,040,947

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed April 17, 1955 4 sheets-sheet# W 17 fel Ixfe W @Jb/miel 449 arr 0 I012222:@a 5

Patented May 19, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE' HEAT EXCHANGER Application April 17, 1935, Serial No. 16,834

Claims.

The present invention relates to heat exchangers generally, and has to do more particularly with exchangers wherein the temperature mcdifying sections are positionable side by side in operative relation. In some aspects it includes exchangers wherein the sections are movable into and out of said operative relation. In the latter classrof exchangers the sections are too close together in their operative positions to permit of their being cleaned, but may be separated -when the treating of the liquid is iinished, so as to stand apart and thus be accessible for cleaning.

One object of the invention is to provide a novel supply pan or holder forV the liquid to be treated and to support it in operating position firmly and securely upon the operatively assembled sections.

Another object is to arrange the supply holder so that it will eiliciently and with certainty apply the liquid to the liquid treating sections when in operative relation.

Another object is to provide novel hinge and fluid supply connections which are applicable where the heat transfering sections are movable, 25 the same being of such character that different kinds of controlling fluids may be used without leaking or otherwise passing into the liquid un' der treatment.

Another object is to provide a hinge construction for movable heat exchanging sections such that they may be moved far enough apart for cleaning with a minimum of occupied oor space.

Another object is to so construct the hinges of M the movable exchanger sections that the latter 'w may be opened to any desired position and maintained there easily and without auxiliary devices and yet may be moved therefrom to other like positions with the application of slight pressure.`

sections but it will be imderstood that certain features of the invention will be applicable to other types of exchangers, the restrictions.

whether to the hinge type or otherwise, being clear from the langauge of the claims. y

In said drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention, the liquid supply pan or holder being removed and the parts opened up after. the manner employed when cleaning the same; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation through certain hinge and tubular connections connecting with and leading to the temperature 10 modifying sections, the plane of section being indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a view illustrating certain of the' parts in side elevation and others in central vertical section; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the same parts, 15 the plane of section being indicated by the line 4 4 -of Fig. 3; Fig. 51s a partial vertical section of the structure, the plane of section being indicated bythe1ine5-5ofFig.3; Figisasimilarpartial vertical section, the plane of section being indi- 20 cated by the line 6-6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a portion of the supply pan-and an associated exchanger section, upon an enlarged scale, illustrating how the pan lits upon` and retains the section; Fig. 8 is a plan view of g5 the various parts, the upper portion of the cabinet covers and frame being shown in section, the plane of section being indicated by the line 8 8 of Fig. 3; and Fig. 9 is a vertical section through one of the connecting hinges and the associated 30 tubular connections located midway of the height of the exchanger, the plane of section beingindicated by the line 9 9 of Fig. 4. Throughout these views like characters refer to like parts.

The principal parts of the exchanger'include a 35 main frame A, a series of vertical liquid modifying sections B, associated hinges C by which the sections B are pivotally mounted upon the frame A, tubular connections D for supplying the liquid controlling fluid to the interiors of the d0 sections B,'manifolds E with which the tubular connections D are in direct communication, a liquid holder or pan F from which the liquid to be treated passes down over the outer surfes of the sections B, pressure mechanism G for 45 maintaining the holder F in proper position upon v the sections B and the sections properly spaced apart, a collecting basin H'at the bottom of the sections B into which the treated liquid iows, and suitable cabinet covers J which inclose the various sections and associated parts.

The main frame A includes a base portion 2li and an upright portion 2|. The base portion 2li is of box-like construction and comprises vertical walls 22,*a bottom 23. and an enr' wall 22e.

. these parts are composed of sheet metal and the various-sheets are irst properly shaped and then secured together by welding. The side walls 22 and bottom 2.3 of the base portion 2|! are connected near the inner end of the collecting basin H byA a transverse partition 28 which is similarly secured in place by being welded to the parts with which it connects. The inner end 29 of the basin H is secured to the partition 28, preferably in like manner. The bottom 24 of the collecting basin is inclined downward toward the front of the exchanger and near its front end is provided with a tubular outlet 30. A connection 3| is provided at the vouter end of the tube 30 so that the same may be suitably coupled to other piping, as may be desired. *After the liquid is treated by passing over the sections B, it passes into the basin H and on through the outlet 30 to any other suitable receptacle. The bottom 23 of the base'portion 2,0 of the frame A is provided with short legs 32 and ball feet 33. The latter engage the supporting surface on which the exchanger stands.

The vertical portion 2| of the main frame A ls also box-like vin formation, and includes a back 31, vertical walls 38 and a top wall 39. The lower ends ofthe back 31 and side walls 38 are secured to the bottom 23 of the base portion 20. All these Abars serve as parts o f the hinge structure C.l

These bars 4| are apertured at proper intervals and the pintles 42 of the hinges C pass through the openings thus provided.

The sections B, by which the heat passes from l the controlling fluid to the liquid under treatment,

or vice versa, are preferably constructed in the way pointed out in our prior application Serial No. 724,242, led May '1, 1934, for improvements ln Heat exchange elements. According to this construction, two plates are pressed up so as to provide reverse counterparts having elevations and' depressions. These counterparts are brought vtogether face to face and welded along meeting lines and surfaces. The result is the production of a section or unit having an outer irregular surface and inner passages. The outer surfaces are in general character corrugations, provided to lncrease the superficial area. The corrugations, being matched 1.1 the manner stated, also provide the interior spaces or channels, which are arranged ln sets so as to provide one or'more continuous passages for the controlling uid, which is admitted to the section, or to a zone of the section, at one point, and withdrawn at another. In the embodiment illustrated, `the

plates

45 and 46 meet at their peripheries and are there welded together except that at points, where the

inlets

41, 48, 49 and 56 are located, there must vbe a separation between the plates to provide entrance to the interiors. The peripheries of the plates 45 and 464 when welded ltogether-f-formarelatively sharp edges or ns 43 at their tops and bottoms and the meeting edges are bent laterally along the front and rear of the section to provide lateral strengthening flanges 44.

'I'he extent of travel of the controlling uid through the sections may be greatly varied and the number of different heat exchange media which are to be used may also be varied. In the present instance, each section B has its plates abutting along a central band 5| and in this way the section is divided into an upper zone 52 and a lower zone 53. In this embodiment one controlling fluid enters through the inlet opening 41, passes through two lower passages 54 to the end passage 55 and back through similar passages 56 to an end passage 51. 'I'his direction of travel back and forth is continued through the

remaining passages

58, 59 of the lower zone 53, until the end of the course is reached by the iluid passing through the remaining passages 60 to the outlet 48. Similarly, a second controlling fluid may be admitted through the connection 49, passed to and fro through passages 6|,A 62, and continued 'in its to and fro ltravel until the final passages 63 are traversed, and then the second fluid leaves the zone 52 of the section at the outlet connection 50.

As before pointed out, the liquid to be treated will pass from the holder F down over the outer surfaces of the

zones

52 and 53 of the sections B, and will receive a change in temperature in accordance with the particular media which are supplied to the respective zones. Thus, in some instances, the zone 52 might be a heating zone vand the zone 53 a cooling zone. In such case, the liquid would first be heated up to a certain temperature and then cooled down to a certain other temperature. In the latter condition it would be taken from the exchanger through the outlet 33,

as before indicated. Obviously, the sections B might take other forms and need not be of the stamped plate variety.. 'I'he latter, however, has proven quite satisfactory and is accordingly illustrated.

When it comes to the mounting of the sections B, it is preferable to employ the hinge mechanism `C, which has, in the case of each section, an axis of rotation which is positioned some distance back of the adjacent edge of the section. 'Ihe benefit of this arrangement is that thev rear portions of the sections, which lie nearest to the hinges, can be moved far enough apart to be readily cleaned without having a too great spread of the forward' portions of the sections. This position of the axes of rotation at a considerable distancey in the vrear of the adjacent edges of the sections, permits a proper cleaning of the sections to be had, while requiring only a minimum of floor space. In the preferred construction, the hinges C mechanically support the various lsections and the support thus givenis quite independent of the tubular connections D by which the controlling fluid is supplied to the sections. In other Words,'there is a clear separation of the mechanical supporting function from the fluid conducting function.

As before pointed out, the hinge pin .42 extends, in 4the case of each hinge, through an opening in the cross bar 4|. The pin 42 constitutes a vertical portion of the angular hinge member 66. At a point adjacent to the upper end of the pin 42, the member 66 is provided with a horizontal shoulder 61. Between this shoulder 61 and the upper facevof the adjacent bar 4| is a friction producing material 68.- This preferably .ls a ,washen orring, K of nbre onlike material.

CII

Automobile brake lining material will serve this purpose quite well. 'Ihe presence of this fric- I account of some irregularity in the hangin of the section, or because the floor, surface on w ch the exchanger is mounted is not level. 'I'his member G8 may be easily replaced when it becomes necessary to increase the friotional hold.

'I'he friction produced by member 68 is also increased by the presence of a compression spring 68. This spring is coiled about the pin 42 and bears at its upper end against a washer 1i! and.

sion of the spring 68, and hence the frictional' action of the hinge mounting; v The angular member 66 of the hinge structure is connected to a similar angular member 15 in the form of a casting having a tubular portion 18 formed in it. This tubular portion, in the case of the lowermost connection 41, provides a passage which communicates' with the interior of the zone 53 at its lower end. The same tubular portion 16, in the case of the connection 48, similarly provides a passage which communicates with the interior of the same zone at its upper end. Again, in the case of the connection 58, the

portion 16 provides a connection with the upperA end of the zone 52: In the embodiment shown, there is no hinge C associated with the inlet connection 48, providing for the admission of controlling fluid to the lower portion of the zone 52. In other words, in three cases there is a hinge associated with the tubular passage and in the fourth case thereis a tubular passage without the hinge. The latter is the inlet passage 48. The tubular passage 18 may have itsinterior cross-section elongated,'that is to say, oval or elliptical, or it may be otherwise shaped, so as to ht between the

plates

45, 46 of the section, which plates are spread apart at the inlet and outlet points soas to provide for the attachment of the tubular portions mentioned. Preferably the tubular portions of the

connections

41, 48, 48 and 58 are secured to the plates V41.5 and 46, by welding, as in other instances. The horizontal arms of the hinge members 65 and 15 are secured together in any suitable way as by screws 11. y

'Ihe tubular connections D, which lie between each `vsection B, and the associated manifolds E, preferably consist in each instance of a tube 18 of rubber or other like material, capable of being readily sexen between its ends. The tubular member 18 is preferably protected by a flexible armoredicovering 18. The tubular hose connection, thus providedjis similar in all respects to that which is employed for conveying steam, air or otheruids between relatively movable parts, as in train couplings. Indeed, well known rubber ammonia hose lmay bev used for theburpose. In providing terminal flanges 8!! and 8| upon the hose connection, the fibrous portion of the hose is into an'opening which is provided with threads-or teeth 82 shaped so as to bite into the material of tht-'nosa The interior or the adjacent end of the ho is then forced outward into firm engagement with the teeth l2 by a

bushing Y

41, 48 cr 58 or. to the curved inlets 48.

83 which is inserted within the end of the hose and pressed out firmly against it. A small lip 84 of the flange member also'embraees the end of the ,armor 18 and protects the latter. The flange 80 at the one end is, in the oase of each of the flexible connections D, connected to an outlet 85 of the associated manifold E. Screws 85* pass through openings in the flanges 88' into threaded openings in the manifold and a tightjoint is formed between the flange member 88 and th 'associated faced member 85.

At the other end of the fiexible connection D. I

the flange 8| may be connected to straight vinlets 'Ihe former inletsare associated with 'the hinges, as

p before explained, while the latter are made, in a sense, independently of the hinge members. Thus, in Fig. 9, the inlet 48 is associated with a hinge and the inlet 48 is made directly from the hose .to the section without using a hinge member. When the flange 8| cooperates with a hinge member 15, then screws 81 extend through openings inthe flange 8| into threaded engagement with the vertical flange-like portion of the member 15. vIn all of these cases, suitable packing 88 may be 'employed between the members drawn together by the screws. A

Where there is no hinge C in association with the flexible connection D, then, the flanged member 8| is connected to a flange 88 formed upon a tubular member 93 forming part of the inlet 48. In this case screws 98 secure the flanges 8| and 88 together, as before. In this instance, the tubular member 83 is functionally the same as the tubular member 16, but has'its forward end oiiset with reference to the asis of the connection, so as to be fitted into the proper part of the upper zone 52 of the section. In this case, the end of the tubular member 83 is out away so as to provide a shoulder 84 and an extension 85. The lat ter enters the opening provided by spacing the

plates

45 and 45 of the section at the point where the connection is to be made. The extension 85 is passed into the opening provided by the spaced

plates

45 and 45, until the shoulder 84 `abuts against the edges of the plates. Then the parts are secured together, preferably, as before, by welding. Although we have referred partlcularly to the connection employing the tubular part 83 in describing the details of the connection, it must be understood that the tubular portions 16 are similarly shaped and connected, each as clearly shown in the case ofthe tubular portion 16 in the case of connection 48, shown most clearly, perhaps, in Fig. 9. 'Ihe central portion of each manifold E is provided with a pipe connection, the same inlet-pipe '8| or an outlet pipe 82, according as the manifold is an` inlet manifold or an outlet manifold.

'y Obviously, the manifolds E will have inservice (counting from one end to the other) is closed Y byaplug 18.

-It will be noted also that each manifold or header E is supported by a cross-bar |82 which extends between the side walls 3,8 of the frame casing and is suitably :Banged and secured thereto by suitable mcanssuchas welding. Bolts |88 manifolds in place. The manifolds may be hung Y from the bars |02 or they may rest thereon.

will `be no strain upon the tubular connections 'ends 91.

Both of these ways are illustrated. Thus, the upper manifold near the center of the exchanger is hung from itsbar. This is the structure associated vwith the fluidv inlet 49.l All theother manifolds E rest upon their bars |02. These are found in association with the inletA 41v and thek outlets v48 and 50.

It will be seen that, .in operation, the sections will vbe firmly held by the hinges C,'and there D, -by reason of the mounting'of the sections. It will also be seen that each section has good substantial tubular connections made with it. The result is an efficient arrangement of great durability. Indeed, by using rubber ammonia hose together with 'the substantial structure shown, it will be possible to use ammonia brine and other cooling media without breaking down the apparatus or permitting the liquid controlling iiuid to obtain access to the liquid under treatment. The structure is also such as to enable high pressure to be used. Likewise `when the medium is a heating medium thensteam or h`ot water may be equally well employed.' Both the sections and their tubular connections are Well built to meet all conditions of service efliciently.

` The holder F is Ypreferably an elongated pan having a bottom 95 and verticalwalls 96 and This oblong pan is intended to be placed directly upon the sections B when the latter are close together side by side in readiness to receive the liquid to be treated. The bottom` 95 of the holder F is therefore'provided with a series of sets of depressions. Each set of depressions is produced by giving the material of the. bottom a W-shaped cross-section. In each set there is thus a central groove 98 and two outer companion grooves 99. The former opens downward and the latter upward. These sets of grooves run lengthwise of the holder and are spaced the same distance apart as'the tops of the sections B, when the latter are in operative position.

As before stated,the walls forming the central groove 98 and the two companion grooves 99 have the general outline of the letter W. This outline, when analyzed, consists of a central inverted V-shaped groove, the groove 98, and two upright V--shaped grooves, the grooves 99. The

other wall, as clearly indicated in Fig. 8. The

holes |00 in the walls of the groove 98 are preferably near the points of the grooves 99, as clearly shown in Fig. 7.

The liquid to be treated passes through these openings |00 and is directed against the outer walls of the associated section on opposite sides of the iin 43 which engages tightly within the groove 98. Because of the thinness of the fin A43 andthe pointedness of the groove 98, it lispossible to get a good tight fit; then by having the holes |00 well down near the bottoms of the outer grooves .99 the liquid is directed in a most satisfactory way against the opposite sides of the section and passes thereover in properly distributed films. The adjacent edges of the W- shaped bottom structure assist in this, the liquid passing from the edges just outward of the openings in a suitable spray or film-like stream. Thus, the lower edges located at the points of the w section, serve as lips from which the llqthe section iins 43 into the grooves 0l properly spaces the sections,'or centers them, relatively to each other when side by side in operativeY relation. I

However, if it is desired to support the holder F more securely in its `operative position upon the assembled sections B, then a clamping mechanism G may be employed. 'I'his mechanism includes a pivoted'lframe made up of a cmss-bar |04 and a fulcrum lever or bar |05. I'he crossbar |04 is adapted to press at its outer ends downward upon the rim of the holder F. This auxiliary frame is fulcrumed to'the main frame i by passing the bar |05 through a reinforced opening in a short depending wall |06 upon the upright portionv of the frame A. The end of the bar |05 distant from the cross bar |04, is `actuated by an adjusting screw |01. The end of the bar |05 is secured to a head |08 and the latter has threaded engagement with the exterior of the screw |01. 'I'he screw |01 in turn is swiveled in a reinforcing plate |09 secured to the upper surface of the top 39 of-.the frame. The screw |01 rotates freely in the plate |09. A nut |'|0 is threaded upon the end of the screw |01 and maintains the screw in proper position so as to be rotated in its bearing plate |09. As the screw |01 is rotated by the hand bar ||I, the head |00 is moved up and down by reason of its traveling upon thevscrew |01, This movement causes the frame bar |05 to oscillate about its fulcrum at the supporting point |00, and, in this'way, pressure upon the holder F is applied or removed through the agency of the cross-bar |04.

firmly upon the supporting sections, and,l on the other hand, when all pressure is removed from the holder and the cross-bar |04 is suiliciently raised, the holder may be removed by hand from the sections. It is of course clear that the holder must be removed from the sections in order that both may be properly cleaned.

It will be noted that the forward `end of the holder F is provided with a tubular connection I2 on which is a threaded connection ,I I3 so that the same may be properly attached to a supply pipe for furnishing the liquid to the holder. vWhen the parts are assembled, the liquid to be treated, such as milk, will be supplied through the pipe I2 to the holder F and from the latter distributed over the sections B and frointhe sections the treated product will be received into the basin H and withdrawn through the outlet connections made with the pipe 30.

Obviously, the various parts which enter into the heat exchanger here depicted, may be covered, when in assembled position, by any suitable covers. In the present instance, there are two covers J which are in the form of box-like doors each When pressure is applied to the holder, itis forced down may be strengthened by ribs or additional vertical portions |20 and horizontal portions I2I. vThe portions |20 are also cut away at |23 with semicircular openings so as to provide a passageway for the supply pipe H2. Suitable handles |26 are provided to enable the covers to be drawn together and pulled apart. When in closed position, the covers may be held by any suitable means. When so closed, they will t about and against the horizontal portion 20 of the base A. When spread apart, there will be ample room for the movement of the sections B into properly separated positions for cleaning.

The various parts of the exchanger, with few exceptions, are composed of metal. 'I'he metal used may of course be greatly varied in composition. The present exchanger is suited especially for the treating of milk and has been designed, built and used for that purpose. When such is the case, the metal used is one that will meet the requirements, sanitary and otherwise, incident to that service. Many kinds of stainless steels and alloys will meet these requirements.

Obviously, as before indicated, the'holder may be used with sections which may be variously supported. Likewise, the tubular connections'may be used with sections hinged or otherwise movably mounted, in a manner quite different from the mounting specifically disclosed. Similarly, other modiied uses will be suggested to persons skilled in this art. Likewise, many changes may be made in Vthe details of the structure when disclosed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. We therefore do not wish to be limited to the details presentedbut aim -to cover by the terms of the appended claims all those alterations and modifications which rightly come within the purview of our invention.

We claim:

1. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned side by side in spaced relation for operation, each of said sections having at its topa thin iin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder having a plurality of cooperating grooves side by side into which said thin edges of said sections nicely fit, said section edges serving as supports for said holder, said holder having outlet means in the walls of said grooves to supply liquid to both sides of each of said sections.

2. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned side by side in spaced relation for operation, each of said sections having at its top a thin iin-like edge, a removable liquid distributing holder having a plurality of cooperating grooves side by side into which said thin edges of said sections nicely t, said section edges serving as supports for said holder, said holder having outlet means in the walls of said grooves to supply liquid to both sides for each said section positioned respectively on opposite sides'of each associated section edge for supplying liquid to the opposite sides vof the section.

plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned side by side in spaced relation for operation, each of said sections having at its top a thin iin-like edge, a removable liquid distributing holder having a plurality of cooperating grooves side by side into'which said thin edges of said sections nicely fit, said holder having two outlet means for each said section positioned respectively on opposite sides of each associated section edge for supplying liquid to the opposite sides of the section, and

pressure means for keeping said holder tightly seated upon said edges.

5. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections movable re1- atively to one another away from operative positions in which they stand'close together side by side to positions in which they are accessible for cleaning, each of said sections having at its top a iin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder resting upon said 1in-like section edges when the parts are in operative position. said `holder having spaced iin-receiving cooperating grooves into which the section edges nicely t, said holder thereby keeping said sections in proper spaced relation for operation and said sections supporting said holder, and said holder having outlet means in the walls of said grooves to supply liquid to both sides of each of said sections.

6. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections movable relatively to one another away from operative positions in which they stand close together side by side to positions in which they are accessible for cleaning, each of said sections having at its top a iin-like edge, a removable liquid distributing holder resting upon said fin-like section edges when the parts are in operative position, said holder having spaced iin-receiving cooperating grooves into which the section edges nicely t, said holder thereby keeping said sections in proper spaced relation for operation and said sections supporting said holder, said holder having outlet,

.means for keeping said holder tightly seated upon said edges.

4. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a 7. A heatvexchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections movable relatively to one another away from operative positions in which they stand close together side by side to positions in which they are accessible for cleaning, each of said sections having at its top a iin-like edge, a removable liquid distributing holder resting upon said fin-like section edges when the parts are in operative position., said holder having spaced iin-receiving cooperating grooves into which the section edges nicely fit,

said holder thereby keeping said sections in proper spaced'v relation for operation, said holder having two outlet means for each said section positioned respectively on opposite sides of each associated section edge for supplying liquid to the opposite sides of the section.

8. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections movable relatively to one another away from operative positions in'which theyV stand close together side by side to positions in which theyA are accessible for cleaning, each of said sections having at its top a fin-likehedge, a removable liquid distribut-f ing holder resting upon said iin-like section edges when .the parts are in operative position, said holder having spaced iin-receiving cooperating grooves into which the section edges nicely t, said holder thereby keeping said sections in proper spaced relation for operation, said holder having two outlet means for each said section positioned respectively .on opposite sides of each associated section edge for supplying liquid to the opposite sides of the section, and pressure means for keeping said holder tightly seated upon said edges.

9. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned side by side in spaced relation for operation, Aeach of said sections terminating at its top in a thin fin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder having a plurality of sets of depressions in its bottom, each said set being provided by a W-shaped cross-section of the material, the central groove of such cross-section receiving the associated section edge with a nice nt, the section edges serving as supports for said holder and the edges and grooves serving as centering means, the walls of said central groove being perforated near the lower edges of the W-shaped formation with long rows of holes to direct the liquid from said edges inward against opposite sides of the associated section.

10. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned side by' side in spaced relation for operation, each oi said sections terminating at its top in a thin fin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder having a plurality of sets of depressions in its bottom, each said set being provided by a w-shaped cross-section of the material, the `central groove of such cross-section receiving the associated section edge with a nice it, the section edges serving as supports for said holder and the edges and grooves serving as centering means, the walls of said central groove being perforated near the lower edges of the w-shaped formation with long rows of holes to direct the liquid from said -edges inward against opposite sides of the associated section, and retaining means operative to press downward upon said holder to keep the same in assembled and working position on said sections.

'.11. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections movable relatively to one another away from operative positions in which they stand close together side by side to positions in which they are accessible i'or cleaning, each of said sections terminating at its top in a thin fin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder for spacing said sections, said holder having a plurality of sets of depressions in its bottom, each said set being provided by a w-shaped cross-section of the material, the central groove of such cross-section operating when the holder is properly positioned upon the sections to receive the associated section edge with a nice nt, the section edges and grooves serving as centering means, the walls of said central groove' being perforated near the lower edges of the W-shaped formation with long by side to positions in'which they are accessibleA for cleaning, each of said sections terminating at its top in a thin iin-like edge, and a removable liquid distributing holder for spacing said sections, said holder having a plurality of sets of depressions in its bottom, each said set being provided by a w-shaped cross-section of the material, the central groove oi such cross-section operating when the holder is properly positioned y upon the sections to receive the associated section edge with a nice rit, the section edges and grooves serving as centering means, the walls of said central groove being perforated near the lower edges oi the W-shaped formation with long rows of holes to direct the liquid from said edges inward against opposite sides of the associated section, and retaining means operative to press downward upon said holder to keep the same in assembled and working position on said sections.

13. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of sections hinged to swing to and fro between operative posltionsin which they stand close together side by side to positions in which they are separated and accessible for cleaning, each of said sections terminating at its top in a relatively sharp edge and a liquid holder adapted to rest upon the upper edges oi' said sections when the latter are in operative position, said holder having reentrant grooves for receiving the sharp edges of said sections, each groove having two rows of holes, one for supplying the liquid to one side o'f the section and the other for supplying the liquid to the other side of the section, said interfltt-ing grooves andv edges serving as means for centering said holder with said holes positioned as stated relative to said sections.'

14. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of sections hinged to swing to and fro between operative positions in which theyv stand close together side by side to positions in which they are separated and accessible for cleaning, each oi' said sections terminating at its top in a relatively sharp edge, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon the upper edges of said sections when the latter are in operative position, said holder having reentrant grooves for receiving the sharp edges of said sections, each groove having two rows of holes, one for supply; ing the liquid to one side of the section and the other for supplying the liquid to the other side 'of the section, said intertting grooves vand edges serving as means for centering said holder withv said holes positioned as stated relative to said sections, and pressure means for maintaining said holder down tight upon said sections.

15. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a plurality of sections having iin-like upper edges, said sections being hinged to swing to and fro between operative positions in which they stand close together side by. side to positions in which the sections are separated and accessible for cleaning, and a liquid holder adapted to rest upon the upper edges of said sections when the latter are close together in operative position, said holder having inverted V-shaped depressions along its under side adjacent to each other in position to receive in the central grooves thereof the upper edges of said sections and to thus center the same when they are close together in operative position, the walls of said depressions being provided with long rows of perforations to direct the liquid against opposite sides of each operatively positioned section, said holder being supported solely by said sections when the parts are in operative position.

16. A heat exchanger forl liquids comprising a plurality of sections having iin-like upper edges, said sections being hinged to swingv to and fro between operative positions in which they stand close together side by side to positions in which the sections are separated and accessible for cleaning, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon the upper edges of said sections when the latter are close together in operative position, said holder having inverted V-shaped depressions along its under side adjacent to each other in position'to receive in the central grooves thereof the upper edges of said sections and center the same when they are close together in operative position, the walls of said depressions being provided with long rows of perforation to direct the liquid against opposite sides of each operatively positioned section, said holder being supportedA solely by said sections when the parts are in operative position, and retaining means operative to press downward upon said holder to hold the same in assembled and working position upon said sections.

17. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main supporting frame, a plurality of sections mounted on said main frame and movable from' operative positions side by side to positions in which they are separated and accessible for cleaning, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon and be supported by the upper edges of said sections when the latter are eide by side in working relation, said holder having perforations through its bottom through which perforations the liquid is supplied to said sections, an auxiliary frame for retaining said holder upon said secions, said auxiliary frame being fulcrumed at one point to said main frame and bearing at another point against the top of said holder, and means for actuating said auxiliary frame at another point to vary the pressure of said auxiliary Vframe against said holder.

18. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main supporting frame, a plurality of sections mounted onv said main frame and movable from operative positions side by side to positions in which they are separated and accessible vfor cleaning, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon and be supported by the upper edges of said sections when the llater are side by by side in working relation, said holder having perforations through its bottom through which perforations the. liquid is supplied to said sections, an auxilary i'rame.for retaining said holder upon said sections, said auxiliary frame comprising a cross-bar and lever arm, said cross-bar being adapted to engage and press downward on said holder, said lever arm being iulcrumed to said main frame at a point in its length distant from said cross-bar, and means acting on said arm at still another point in its length to rock the same about its fulcrum to vary the holding pressure on said holder.

19.v A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main supporting frame, a plurality of sections mounted on said main fram'e and movable between operative positions side by side to positions in which the sections are separated and accessible for cleaning, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon and be supported by the upper edges of said sections when the latter are side by side in working relation, said holder having perforations through its bottom through which perforations the liquid is supplied to said sections, an auxiliary frame Y for retaining said holder upon said sections, said auxiliary frame comprising a cross-bar and lever arm, said cross-bar being adapted to engage and press downward on said holder, said lever arm being fulcrumed at an intermediate point inits length to said main frame, said cross-bar being connected to said arm at one end, and screw mechanism at the other end of said arm acting between it and said mainframe to rock said auxiliary frame to apply pressure to said holder. n

29. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of liquid treating sections hinged at corresponding ends of the several sections to said main frame so as to swing to and fro between operative positions side by'side to positions in which the sections are separated and accessible for cleaning, a liquid holder adapted to rest upon and be supported by the upper edges of said sections when the latter are side by side in working relation, said holder having perforations through its bottom through which perforations the liquid is supplied to said sections, an auxiliary frame for retaining said holder upon said sections, said auxiliary frame being fulcrumed at one point to said main frame and bearing at another point against the top of said holder, and m'eans for actuating said auxiliary frame at another point to vary the pressure of said auxiliary frame against said holder.

2l. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of liquid treating sections, each section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated iiows and an interior for the liquid controlling fluid, hinges connecting each section to said main frame, the axis of rotation of the hinges of each section being parallel to and spaced a denite distance from the adjacent edge of the section, the diierent axes of rotation being spaced apart and parallel to each other, said hinges permitting the sections to swing apart from operative positions in which they stand ciose together side by side to cleaning positions in which the sections are swung apart, the space between each section and its axis of rotation permitting better access to that portion of the section adjacent to said axis when said sec.-A

tions are spread apart, iiuid conducting inlet and outlet members connected to said main fram'e, and flexible connections respectively between said members on the one hand and the inlet and outlet openings of said sections on the other hand, said exible connections being for the controlling fluid to enter and leave said sections.

22. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of liquid treating 'sections, each section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated flows and an interior for the liquid controlling uid, hinges connecting each section to said main frame, the axis of rotation of the hinges of each-section being parallel to and spaced a definite distance from the adjacent edge of the section, the different axes of rotation being spaced apart and parallel to each other, said hinges permitting the sections to be swung apart from operative positions in which they stand close together side by side to cleaning positions in which the sections are separated, the space between each section and its axis of rotation permitting better access to that portion of the section adjacent to said axis when said sections are spread apart, fluid conducting inlet and outlet members connected to said main frame, the distance between said members and the section, in the case of each section, being greater than the distance between the section and its axis of rotation, and exible connections respectively between said members/bn the one hand and the inlet and outlet openings of said sections on the other hand, said flexible connections being for the controlling uid to enter and leave said sections.

23. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of liquid treating sections, each section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated flows and an interior for the liquid controlling fluid, hinges connecting 10 each section to said main frame, the axis of rotation of the hinges of each section being parallel to and spaced a definite distance from the adjacent odge of the section, the different axes of rotation being spaced apart and parallel to each other, said hinges permitting the sections to be swung from operative positions in which they stand close togetherside by side to cleaning positions in which'they are separated, the space between each section and its'axis of rotation permitting better access to that portion of the section adjacent to said axis when said sections are spread apart, fluid conducting inlet and outlet manifolds connected to said main frame; and iiexible connections uniting said manifolds respectively to the section interiors to convey the controlling fluid to and from the same.

24. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a .main frame, a plurality of liquid treating sections, each section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated flows and an interior for the liquid controlling fluid, hinges connecting each section to said main frame, the axis of rotation of the hinges of each section being parallel to and spaced a definite distance from the adjacent edge of the section, the diiierent vaxes of rotation being spaced apart and parallel to each other, said hinges permitting the sections to be swung individually from a nested operative position in which they stand close together side 43 byside to cleaning positions in which the sections stand apart, the space between each section and its axis of rotation permitting better access to that portion of the section adjacent to said axis when said sections are spread apart, fluid con- 45 ducting inlet and outlet manifolds connected to said mainV frame, and ilexlble connections uniting said manifolds respectively to the section interiors to convey .the controlling fluid to and from the same, said manifolds. being positioned farther "0 from' the adjacent edges of said sections than their respective axes of rotation.

25. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a liquid treating section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated 5" ows and an interior for the liquid controlling fluid, means including flexible connections for delivering and receiving the controlling fluidas it enters and leaves lsaid section, apertured hinge q members secured to said frame, oscillatory hinge C members having in each case a pin for entering the aperture of the corresponding hinge member and a shoulder for cooperating with a face of said member, and a frictional member between Vthe said shoulder and face of at least one hinge whereby said section may be moved to any desired position and when so moved will remain where placed.

26. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of heat exchanging sec- 0 tions, each section having an outer surface over which the liquid to be treated ows and an interior for the liquid controlling fluid, means including flexible tubular connections for delivering and receiving the controlling fluid as it enters and leaves said sections, suitable l'n'nges for each said section securing the same pivotally to said main frame, and friction producing means in at least one of the hinges of each section to retard its movement and serve to hold the same in the position in which placed but permitting ofits ready removal therefrom upon the application of a relatively small moving force. v l0 f 27. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of heat exchanging sections, each section being divided into separated zones, each zone having its interior for the liquid controlling fluid and its outer surface over which 15 the liquid to be treated flows, a plurality ofhinges connecting each section to said main frame, said hinges permitting the sections to swing from operative positions in which they stand side by side close together to positions in which the sec- 20 tions are' swung apart, inlet and outlet'headers connected to said main frame, one pair of headers for each zone, and flexible connections respectively extending from the said headers of each zone to inlet and outlet openings in said section for each zone, one pair of headers and associated connections serving to supply one controlling fluid to one set of zones of the different sections and the second pair of headers and associated connections serving to supply another controlling fluid, if desired, to a second set of zones of the same sections.

28. A heat exchanger forl liquids comprising a plurality of heat exchanging sections positioned. r/ side by side in spaced relation for operation, each of said sections having at its top a thin iin-like edge, and a removable memberhaving a plurality of cooperating depressions side by side into which said thin edges of said sections nicely nt, whereby said sections are accurately spaced for operation. 43

29. A heat exchanger .for liquids comprising a main frame, a plurality of heat exchanging lsections, hingesl connecting each section to said main frame, said hinges permitting said sections to swing apart for cleaning and alternatively to occupy operative positions in which they stand close together side by side.. fluid conducting inlet and outlet members, and flexible connections respectively between said members on the .one hand and inlet and outlet openings of said vsections on the other hand, said flexible connections being for the controlling uid to enter and leave said sections.

30. A heat exchanger for liquids comprising la main frame, a plurality of heat exchanging sections, hinges connecting each section to said main frame, said hinges providing .a substantially vertical axis of rotation to permit the sections to be set close together side by side for operation and alternatively separated for cleaning, fluid conducting inlet and outlet members, the distance of said members from the section, in the case of each section, being greater than the distance between the section and its axis of rotation, and flexible connections respectively between said members on the 4one handand inlet and outlet openings of said sections on the other hand, said flexible connections being tor the controlling fluid to enter and leave said sections.

Y OLIVER. W. MOJONNIER. HARRY G. MOJONNIER.