US2039814A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

Patented May .5, l936 FIREABM Crawford C.

Loomis, Ilion, N. Y., assignor to Remington Arms Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware Application January 28, 1933, Serial No. 653,968

13 Claims.

This invention relates to firearms, and contemplates certain improvements `in the fire control mechanism in firearms of the repeating type. 'I'he invention has been illustrated as applied to a repeating shot gun of the type disclosed in the patent to Crawford C. Loomis, No. 1,834,410, December 1, 1931; although in many of its aspects it is applicable to other types of firearms than the one selected for the purpose of illustration.

This class of firearms comprises a magazine tube arranged below the barrel 'and adapted to contain a column of cartridges which are delivered one at a time into the receiver to which both the magazine tube and the barrel are secured, trans;-

ferred through the receiver to a position in alignment with .the barrel chamber, and thrust into the chamber. The motion necessary for unlocking the breech mechanism, retracting the breech block, cocking the hammer, ejecting a fired shell,

delivering a fresh cartridge from the magazine, aligning this cartridge with the chamber, moving it into the chamber, and closing and locking of the breech, is derived from a reciprocating action bar attached to a manually operable foreend supported on the magazine tube. Itis desirable that the action bar or a part directly connected therewith be locked against such rearward movement as would unlock the breech while the hammer is cocked and in condition to be released to fire the cartridge in the chamber, and that upon the cartridge tiring movement of the hammer or parts associated therewith such lock be disabled to permit the action to be opened for the ejection of the fired shell and the movement of a fresh cartridge into the chamber. It is likewise desirable that the trigger be positively locked in such position as to prevent the fall of the hammer at all times when the action bar or associated parts are so displaced as to leave the breech mechanism unlocked.

The present invention contemplates certain improvements in the control of the action bar .lock and the trigger lock, as well as the refinement and simplification of these parts and their controlling devices.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a sectional side elevation of a fire control mechanism comprising one embodiment of the present invention. The parts are shown in the position they assume immediately following the fall of the hammer and before the recoil movement which is necessary to effect the disengagement of the action bar lock.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation showing the positions of the action bar lock, trigger lock, and trigger, with respect to each other after the fall of the hammer and after the release of the action bar lock by recoil.

Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation, generally similar to Fig. 1, showing the various parts ol the mechanism in the positions they occupy when the action is fully open and/or during its closing movement.

Fragments of the hammer and action slide are shown in dotted lines in the positions they occupy when the action is fully opened, and in full lines at an intermediate point in the closing movement after the hammer has been engaged by the trigger.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic showing of the relative positions of action slide, action bar lock, trigger lock and trigger, when the action is closed and locked and the hammer cocked.

the line 6 6 of Fig, 1.

Fig. 'l is a transverse section, substantially on the line 1-1 of Fig. l.

'I'he fire control mechanism comprises a trigger I0 pivoted at II in the trigger plate I2, which trigger plate likewise supports all other parts oi' the fire control mechanism. Said trigger .comprises a finger piece I3 and adjacent said finger piece a rearwardly and upwardly extending blade I4 adapted to cooperate in the usual manner with a cross bolt safety device, indicated generally by the numeral I5. The trigger is urged clockwise (Fig. 1) about its pivot Il by a trigger spring I6 partially housed in a suitable well in the trigger plate I2 and preferably extending into a recess The forward end of the trigger I1 in the trigger.

comprises a hammer engaging nose I 8 and `adjacent said nose an arcuate surface I9 adapted to engage a surface 20 of a hammer 2I -and prevent movement of the trigger to hammer engaging position unless the hammer is cocked. Said hammer 2I is pivoted at 22 in the trigger plate I2, and comprises a notch 23 for engagement by the trigger nose I8. Pivoted to the hammer at 24 is a hammer spring strut 25, the rear end of which engages a suitable recess 26 in a hammer spring Said pilot 21 reciprocates in a cylindripilot 21.

cal aperture in the rearward portion of the trigger plate, and partially houses a main or hammer The rear end of hammer spring 28 is spring 28.

held in a recess 29 in the head of a screw 3|! threaded into the rear end of the hammer spring pilot opening in the trigger plate.

This screw is preferably provided with an elongated shank 3|, acting as an interior pilot for the hammer spring.

The action bar lock or action slide lock is identified generally by the numeral 32. It is pivoted on the trigger pivot and is of roughly triangular shape, comprising a straight top which, when the lock in ineffective, lies substantially flush with the top of the trigger plate; a heel portion 32| which cooperates with the trigger lock; a recess below and forward from the heel for the reception of an operating device; a finger piece 322 projecting \below the trigger plate adjacent the trigger guard; a clearance cut 323 which receives the hammer pivot 22; and a locking nose 324 at the forward end of the straight top. 'I'he nose 324 terminates in an inclined surface 33 adapted to engage a correspondingly inclined surface 34 on the heel of a member 35 commonly called the action slide." Said slide is suitably joined to an action bar extending forward from the receiver and joined to a manipulative fore-end piece. The fore-end and action bar are not illustrated, since they form no part of vthe present invention.` The engaging surfaces 33 and 34 of the action bar lockand action slide, respectively, are so inclined with respect to` the action bar lock pivot that the rearward pressure normally exerted upon the action slide in firing the gun prevents the counter-clockwise movement of the action bar lock. This position of the parts is illustrated in Fig. 1, while Fig. 2 shows them in the position they assume when pressure of surface 34 upon surface 33 has been removed either by voluntarily moving the foreend forward or by recoil. When the parts are in the Fig. 2 position, the action may be opened, the action slide travelling over the flat top of the action bar lock.

The action bar lock must be so controlled that when the hammer is cocked it tends to rock clockwise and lock the action slide, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, and when the hammer is uncooked it tends to rock counter-clockwise to the position shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The present invention contemplates certain improvements `in the manner of controlling the action bar lock from parts associated with the hammer. The moving element which hasV been utilized is the hammer spring pilot 21. Said pilot comprises a forward extension 36 (Figs. l and 6) which extension is provided with a notch 31 adapted to receive a lug 3B on a block 39 mounted for rectilinear movement in a side wall of the trigger plate. A mounting for the block 39 which provides for convenient assembly comprises a longitudinal slot 40 in the side of the trigger plate, said slot having a fiat bottom portion and an under-cut top portion,'as clearly shown in Fig. '1. In the forward end of block 39 is placed a plunger 4| provided with a stop shoulder 42 for limiting its downward movement and urged downwardy by suitable means, such as a coil spring 43 abutting a suitable stop, such as the cap screw 44 secured in the block 39. 'I'he end of plunger 4| which projects downwardly from block 39 is provided With a conical point 45 adapted to be received in a longitudinal groove 46 in an upwardly facing surface 46| on the action bar lock 32. To provide the surface 46| and to accommodate the block 39, the action bar lock comprises an elongated recess opening to the rear, as clearly illustrated in the drawings. It will be seen that the position of the spring pressed plunger 4| relative to the surface 46| of the action bar lock will shift with the movement of the hammer spring pilot 21 and the hammer itself. Fig. 1 shows the plunger in the position it occupies when the hammer is forward, while in Fig. 3 it is shown as moved rearwardly to a position it occupies when the hammer is cocked. In its Fig. l position the plunger engages the action bar lock at a point forward from the pivot Il, while in its Fig. 3 position it is a corresponding distance in the rear of said pivot. Thus, in the Fig. 1 position spring 43 tends to rock the action bar lock counterclockwise, while in the Fig. 3 position it tends to rock the action barlock clockwise. The necessary control of the action bar lock is thus provided. In the normal operation of the gun when the hammer is cocked the action is locked, and when the hammer is forward and the gun has recoiled or pressure on the fore-end relieved the action is unlocked.

The invention further contemplates a trigger lock which is so controlled as to prevent hammer releasing movement of the trigger at all times when the action is unlocked, to release the trigger for its normal hammer disengaging movement when the action is locked, and to prevent hammer releasing movement if the trigger is depressed during the action closing movement and before the action is locked. The form of this trigger lock illustrated in the drawings comprises a member,

identified generally by numeral 41, pivoted in the trigger plate at 48 and comprising a surface 49 extending rearwardly from its pivot into the path of movement of the action slide 35. An arm 50 projecting forwardly and downwardly from the pivot 48 comprises surfaces for such cooperation with parts of the trigger as to effect the desired locking. Said trigger lock is controlled in part by a plunger 5| projecting rearwardly from the heel 32| of the action bar lock 32. The plunger 5| is urged rearwardly by a spring 52 and held from excessive rearward movement by suitable means such as a cross pin 53 cooperating with a reduced diameter section 54 of said plunger 5|. The rounded end of plunger 5| engages a sultable recess or notch 55, preferably of generally V shape, in the trigger lock 41, thereby tending to rock the trigger lock in accordance with the movement of the action bar lock. The lower end 56 of the trigger lock arm 50 moves between an effective position over an inclined surface 51 on the trigger and an ineffective position over a notch in the trigger bounded by a shoulder 59, which shoulder is at times engaged by surface 53 of the trigger lock arm.

The sequence of movement of these parts in the opening and closing of the gun is as follows:

In Fig. l the hammer is forward but the gun has not recoiled, so that the action is still locked. The heel of the action bar lock is depressed, and plunger 5| holds the trigger lock ineffective, with surface 58 clear of shoulder 59. Spring 52 is ex- Y tended, plunger 5| being in the notch 55. Spring 43 is compressed, tending to rock the action bar lock from Fig. 1 position to Fig. -2 position, but this movement is prevented by the pressure of the action slide on the surface 33 of the action bar lock.

When the gun recoils, or the action slide is otherwise moved to relieve the pressure between surfaces 33 and 34, the action bar lock is rocked to the Fig. 2 position. Surface 58 of the trigger lock moves into engagement with shoulder 59 of the trigger, and further movement of the trigger lock is stopped. In the completion of the movement of the action bar lock the nose of the plunger 5| rides along the surface 55i of the recess 55, compressing the plunger spring 52.

As the gun action is opened (Fig. 3), the hammer is pushed back by engagement with the surface 35i oi the action slide. The action bar lock and trigger lock both remain in the Fig. 2 position until the hammer notch 23 clears the trigger nose I8, at which time the trigger is rocked clockwise by its spring I6, lowering the shoulder 5S below the end of trigger lock arm 50 and permitting the trigger lock to swing forward over the inclined surface 51 of the trigger. This action is induced by the compression of spring 52, and, further, as the action reaches its fully open position the base of the action slide 35 engages the part 49 of the trigger lock, positively rocking this lock into elective position, should thespring 52 be disabled. The parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 3, and they remain in this position until the action is fully closed and locked.

In its final forward (breech locking) movement the action slide clears the nose 'of the action bar lock and, plunger 4| now being positioned in the rear of pivot Il, the action bar lock rocks clockwise to eiective position. In this movement, the heel of the action bar lock and plunger 5| carried thereby are depressed, rocking the trigger lock counter-clockwise to the ineffective position shown in Fig. 4.

It will be noted that. as shown in Fig. 3, when the action is fully open the hammer has been retracted a substantial distance past its normal cocked position, and that a surface 2li thereon engages the upper surface of the trigger at` a point in the rear of the trigger pivot, thereby positively moving the trigger into hammer engaging position. At this time the trigger lock is also positively moved to eil'ective position, as heretofore explained.

Should pressure be applied to the trigger during the closing of the action, the action will be locked in the usual way, with the hammer cocked, and the trigger will also be locked until the pressure thereon is released. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 5, and is due in part to the'fact that angle of the locking surfaces 56 and 51 is such that pressure between them prevents movement of the trigger lock arm 50. 'Ihe action bar lock. however, rocks in the usual way as the slide 35 clears the nose 324, and the plunger 5| rides down the surface 552 of the recess 55, compressing the spring 52. It is impossible to repeatedly operate the action and inadvertently eject fresh cartridges by maintaining constant pressure upon the trigger. When the pressure upon the trigger is released, the trigger lock is free to move to the Fig. 4 position and is so moved by the force of the compressed spring 52.

The embodiment oi.' the invention herein described and illustrated in the drawings is to be understood as typical and illustrative only, the invention obviously being capable of embodiment in other forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claims, which are to be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:

1. In a re control mechanism comprising a trigger plate having mounted therein a trigger, a. pivoted firing hammer, and an action bar lock; in combination, Ameans for controlling said action bar lock according to the position of said hammer comprising a member separate from said hammer and mounted for rectilinear movement in said trigger plate and adapted to engage with aid action bar lock.

3. n a re control mechanism comprising a trigger plate having mounted therein a trigger, a g

pivoted-action bar lock, a pivoted hammer, a hammer spring, and a hammer spring housing; in combination, means for controlling said action bar lock comprising a block-mounted for rectilinear movement in said trigger plate, a spring pressed plunger' in said block adapted for sliding engagement with said action bar lock, a track on said action bar lock adapted to receive said plunger, and connecting devices joining said block to an element moved by said hammer, whereby the point of engagement of said plunger with said action bar lock shifts with the movement oi' said hammer 'between positions on opposite sides of said action bar lock pivot.

4. In a re control mechanism comprising a trigger, a hammer movable between cocked and red positions, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock according to the position oi' said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock. a yieldable member operatively connecting said action bar lock and said trigger lock; said member normally holding said trigger lock eiective when said action bar lock is ineiective and normally holding said trigger lock ineffective when said action bar lock is effective.

5. In a iire control mechanism comprising a trigger. a hammerY movable between cocked and fired positions, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock according to the position of said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock, a yieldable member operatively connecting said action bar lock and said trigger lock; said member normally holding said trigger lock effective when said action bar lock is ineiective and normally holding said trigger lock ineffective when said action bar lock is effective, and being adapted to yield when movement of said trigger lock with saidaction bar lock is prevented.

6. In a iire control mechanism comprising a trigger, a hammer movable between cocked and fired positions, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock according to the l position of said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock, a member yieldingly held in said action bar lock and urged to engage said trigger lock at a point determined by the relative positions oi' said action bar lock and said trigger lock; said member normally holding said trigger lock effective when said action bar lock is ineiective and normally holding said trigger lock ineiective when said action bar lock is effective, and being adapted to yield while being stressed when movement of said trigger lock in either direction with said action bar lock is prevented.

'7. In a lire control mechanism comprising a trigger, a hammer movable between cocked and fired positions, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock accordingto the position of said hammer; in combination, a pivoted trigger lock, a plunger in said action bar lock, a spring urging said plunger into engagement with said trigger lock, and a V-notch on said trigger lock adapted to receive said plunger, whereby upon movement of said action bar lock relative to said trigger lock said plunger moves along one side of said V-notch and said spring is stressed.

8. In a iire control mechanism comprising a hammer movable between cocked and red positions, a hammer engaging trigger, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock according to the position of said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock shiftable between effective and ineffective positions, means for positively moving said trigger into engagement with said hammer as an incident to the cooking of said hammer, and means for positively moving said trigger lock into effective position following the movement of the trigger to hammer engaging position.

9. In a tire control mechanism comprising a hammer movable between cocked and iired positions, a hammer engaging trigger, an action bar lock, and means for shifting said action bar lock according to the position of said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock shiftable between effective and ineffective positions, means for positively moving said trigger into engagement with said hammer as an incident to the cooking of said hammer, means for positively moving said trigger lock into effective position following the movement of the trigger to hammer engaging position, and means for subsequently shifting said trigger lock to ineiiective position, 'the arrangement being such that continued pressure on said trigger during and after its hammer engaging movement prevents such shifting of the trigger lock to ineffective position.

10. In a firearm comprising an action bar, an action bar lock, a trigger plate, a hammer pivoted in said trigger plate, a hammer spring, a hammer spring housing holding said hammer spring spaced from said hammer in said trigger plate, and a link transmitting the thrust of said spring to said hammer; in combination, means for controlling said action bar lock comprising a rigid longitudinal extension from said hammer spring housing, a member connected with said extension and adapted to engage said action bar lock, and means for guiding the movement of said member.

11. In a firearm comprising an action bar, an action bar lock, a trigger plate, a hammer pivoted in said trigger plate, a hammer spring, a hammer spring housing holding said hammer spring spaced from said hammer in said trigger plate, and a link transmitting the' thrust of said spring to said hammer, in combination, means for controlling said action bar lock comprising a member mounted for rectilinear movement in said trigger plate, connecting devices joining said member with a longitudinal extension of said hammer spring housing, and a spring device associated with said member and adapted for sliding engagement with said action bar lock.

12. In a fire control mechanism comprising a hammer movable between cocked and' fired positions, a trigger, an action slide adapted to cock said hammer, an action slide lock, and means for shifting the action slide lock according to the position of said hammer; in combination, a trigger lock shiftable between effective and ineffective positions and comprising a part which projects into the path of movement of said action slide lock when the trigger lock is ineffective, a projection on the hammer adapted to engage said trigger during the cocking of the hammer to move the trigger to hammer engaging position, the trigger lock being thereafter engaged by the action slide and positively moved to eiective position.

13. In a rearm comprising an action bar, an action bar lock, a trigger plate, a hammer pivoted in said trigger plate, a hammer spring, a hammer spring housing holding said hammer spring spaced from said hammer in said trigger plate, and a link transmitting the thrust of said spring to said hammer; in combination, means for controlling said action bar lock comprising a rigid longitudinal extension of said hammer spring housing, an undercut channel in said trigger plate, a member mounted for movement in said channel, a connection from said hammer spring housing to said member, a trackway in said action bar lock, and a plunger in said mem,- ber engaging. and moving in said trackway.

CRAWFORD C, LOOMIS.

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