US2033513A - Hard cemented carbide material - Google Patents
Hard cemented carbide material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2033513A US2033513A US26249A US2624935A US2033513A US 2033513 A US2033513 A US 2033513A US 26249 A US26249 A US 26249A US 2624935 A US2624935 A US 2624935A US 2033513 A US2033513 A US 2033513A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbide
- cobalt
- cemented carbide
- hard
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
Definitions
- This invention relates to hard cemented carbide material useful in the-production of cutting.
- Cemented or sintered compositions for making products of the general type to which the present invention relates are now made by slntering or cementing a hard metal carbide such as tungsten carbide and an auxiliary metal such as cobalt, nickel or iron.
- the present invention relates to a particular combination of hard metal carbides, together with one or more of the abovementioned auxiliary metals and, in addition, an oxide of titanium or zirconium. or both, all in the proportions hereinafter set forth.
- the composition contains tantalum carbide and one :0 or moreof the carbides of tungsten or molybdenum. and an auxiliary metal or metals such as cobalt, nickel or iron, and, in addition, one or more of the oxides of titanium or zirconium.
- the tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide, or mixture thereof may vary between about 55 and 75% by weight of the composition, preferably between 60 andv 65%. In a preferred composition, the tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide, or mixture thereof, constitutes about 64%.
- the tantalum carbide may vary between 15 and 35%, preferably between 20 and 30%, and in a preferred composition it constitutes about 27%.
- the auxiliary metal or metals cobalt, nickel or iron constitute from .5 to 25%, preferably 3 to 15%. In 35 a preferred composition, it or they constitute about 8%.
- the titanium oxide or zirconium oxide or mixtures thereof may vary between .10 and preferably between .25 and 3%. In a preferred composition, it or they are about 1%.
- an exceptionally good steel cutting material can be made by mixing powdered tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, cobalt and titanium oxide within the ranges herein set forth and sintering the mixture. It is beiieved that in the sintering operation an alloy binder is formed containing cobalt, tungsten, tantalum and titanium and that this alloy binder is responsible for the exceptional properties exhibited by the composition when used as a tool for 50 cutting steel.
- the cemented composition produced in this manner has a fine grain and is very hard and exhibits a greatly superior ability to cut steel as compared with a similar composition but containing no titanium oxide.
- the titanium ox- 5 ide increases the fluidity of the bonding alloy formed during the sintering operation probabl by reducing the melting point of the alloy, and this increased fluidity results in a better bonding of the hard metal carbides by the binding alloy than if the titanium oxide were omitted. 5
- the powder is heated toa temperature of about 3200 F. and is maintained at this temperature for about 5 min. while subjected to a pressure of about 1400 pounds per square inch. 25
- the powder may, however, be first compacted into a billet and then sintered in a hydrogen furnace, preferably using both a preliminary sinter and a final sinter in accordance with common practice for making cemented carbide compositions.
- the proportions of the tungsten or molybdenum carbide, the tantalum carbide, the auxiliary metals, and the oxides of titanium and zirconium may be varied from the percentages given in the preferred example, within the ranges hereinabove pointed out and still produce satisfactory results.
- tungsten carbide As between the tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide where only one of these carbides is employed, it is preferred to use tungsten carbide.
- the preferred auxiliary metal is cobalt.
- titanium oxide and zirconium oxide it is preferred to use titanium oxide.
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to of a carbide of the group consisting of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about 15 to 35% tantalum carbide, about .5 to 25% of an auxiliary metal of. the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, 55
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 60 to 65% 01' a carbide of the group consisting oi. tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about to tantalum carbide, about 3 to 15% of an auxiliary metal of the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and in addition about .10 to 10% of an oxide ofthe group consisting 01' titanium oxide and zirconium oxide.
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 64% of a carbide of the group consisting of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about 27% tantalum carbide, about 8% of an auxiliary metal 01 the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and about 1% of an oxide of the group consisting of titanium oxide and zirconium oxide.
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to 75% tungsten carbide, about 15 to 35% tantalum carbide, about .5 to 25% of an auxiliary metal of the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and in addition about .10 to 10% titanium oxide.
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to tungsten carbide, about 20 to 30% tantalum carbide, about 3 to 15% cobalt, and in addition about .10 to 10% titanium oxide.
- a hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 64% tungsten carbide. about 27% tantalum carbide, about 8% cobalt, and about 1% titanium oxide.
Description
Patented Mar. 10, i936 UNITED STATES- mum CEMENTED CARBIDE MATERIAL Gregory J. Comstock, Fairfleld, .Conn., assignor to Firth- Sterling Steel Company, McKeesport, Pa.,
a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application June 12, 1935, Serial No. 26,249
6 Claims.
This invention relates to hard cemented carbide material useful in the-production of cutting.
tools, wire drawing dies and the like. The present application is a continuation-in-part of my 5 copending application Ser. No. 646,874, filed December 12, 1932.
Cemented or sintered compositions for making products of the general type to which the present invention relates are now made by slntering or cementing a hard metal carbide such as tungsten carbide and an auxiliary metal such as cobalt, nickel or iron. The present invention relates to a particular combination of hard metal carbides, together with one or more of the abovementioned auxiliary metals and, in addition, an oxide of titanium or zirconium. or both, all in the proportions hereinafter set forth.
In accordance with the present invention, the composition contains tantalum carbide and one :0 or moreof the carbides of tungsten or molybdenum. and an auxiliary metal or metals such as cobalt, nickel or iron, and, in addition, one or more of the oxides of titanium or zirconium. The tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide, or mixture thereof, may vary between about 55 and 75% by weight of the composition, preferably between 60 andv 65%. In a preferred composition, the tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide, or mixture thereof, constitutes about 64%. The tantalum carbide may vary between 15 and 35%, preferably between 20 and 30%, and in a preferred composition it constitutes about 27%. The auxiliary metal or metals cobalt, nickel or iron constitute from .5 to 25%, preferably 3 to 15%. In 35 a preferred composition, it or they constitute about 8%. The titanium oxide or zirconium oxide or mixtures thereof may vary between .10 and preferably between .25 and 3%. In a preferred composition, it or they are about 1%.
10 It has been found that an exceptionally good steel cutting material can be made by mixing powdered tungsten carbide, tantalum carbide, cobalt and titanium oxide within the ranges herein set forth and sintering the mixture. It is beiieved that in the sintering operation an alloy binder is formed containing cobalt, tungsten, tantalum and titanium and that this alloy binder is responsible for the exceptional properties exhibited by the composition when used as a tool for 50 cutting steel. The cemented composition produced in this manner has a fine grain and is very hard and exhibits a greatly superior ability to cut steel as compared with a similar composition but containing no titanium oxide. The titanium ox- 5 ide increases the fluidity of the bonding alloy formed during the sintering operation probabl by reducing the melting point of the alloy, and this increased fluidity results in a better bonding of the hard metal carbides by the binding alloy than if the titanium oxide were omitted. 5
As a specific example of the manner in which my process; may be carried out, about 64.4% by weight of tungsten carbide, about 27.6% tantalum carbide, about 8% of cobalt, and, in addition, about .10 to 10% and preferably about .25% to 10 3% oftitanium oxide are ground in a ball mill in order to thoroughly mix them, and the mixed powders are then sintered either by first compacting them and then sintering the compacted billet, or by simultaneously applying heat and 15 pressure to the powder to sinter it. In the preferred practice, the mixture of powders is milled for from 24 to 48 hours in a ball mill and the mixed powder so obtained is then placed in a graphite mold, which is heated electrically, and. heat and pressure are applied simultaneously to the powder. The powder is heated toa temperature of about 3200 F. and is maintained at this temperature for about 5 min. while subjected to a pressure of about 1400 pounds per square inch. 25 The powder may, however, be first compacted into a billet and then sintered in a hydrogen furnace, preferably using both a preliminary sinter and a final sinter in accordance with common practice for making cemented carbide compositions.
The proportions of the tungsten or molybdenum carbide, the tantalum carbide, the auxiliary metals, and the oxides of titanium and zirconium may be varied from the percentages given in the preferred example, within the ranges hereinabove pointed out and still produce satisfactory results.
As between the tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide where only one of these carbides is employed, it is preferred to use tungsten carbide. The preferred auxiliary metal is cobalt. As between titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, it is preferred to use titanium oxide.
1 have described by way of example a present preferred composition and a present preferred manner of making the composition. It is to be understood, however, that the invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.
Iclaim:
1. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to of a carbide of the group consisting of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about 15 to 35% tantalum carbide, about .5 to 25% of an auxiliary metal of. the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, 55
and in addition about ,10 to of an oxide of the group consisting of titanium oxide and zirconium oxide.
2. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 60 to 65% 01' a carbide of the group consisting oi. tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about to tantalum carbide, about 3 to 15% of an auxiliary metal of the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and in addition about .10 to 10% of an oxide ofthe group consisting 01' titanium oxide and zirconium oxide. j
3. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 64% of a carbide of the group consisting of tungsten carbide and molybdenum carbide, about 27% tantalum carbide, about 8% of an auxiliary metal 01 the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and about 1% of an oxide of the group consisting of titanium oxide and zirconium oxide.
4. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to 75% tungsten carbide, about 15 to 35% tantalum carbide, about .5 to 25% of an auxiliary metal of the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and iron, and in addition about .10 to 10% titanium oxide.
5. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about to tungsten carbide, about 20 to 30% tantalum carbide, about 3 to 15% cobalt, and in addition about .10 to 10% titanium oxide.
6. A hard cemented carbide material consisting substantially of about 64% tungsten carbide. about 27% tantalum carbide, about 8% cobalt, and about 1% titanium oxide.
GREGORY J. COMSTOCK.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26249A US2033513A (en) | 1935-06-12 | 1935-06-12 | Hard cemented carbide material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26249A US2033513A (en) | 1935-06-12 | 1935-06-12 | Hard cemented carbide material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2033513A true US2033513A (en) | 1936-03-10 |
Family
ID=21830723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26249A Expired - Lifetime US2033513A (en) | 1935-06-12 | 1935-06-12 | Hard cemented carbide material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2033513A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3249407A (en) * | 1963-10-15 | 1966-05-03 | Du Pont | Cemented carbide bodies containing a dispersed oxide in the matrix metal and a process of making |
| US3260579A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-07-12 | Hughes Tool Co | Hardfacing structure |
| US4689077A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1987-08-25 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Method for manufacturing a reaction-sintered metal/ceramic composite body and metal/ceramic composite body |
-
1935
- 1935-06-12 US US26249A patent/US2033513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3260579A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-07-12 | Hughes Tool Co | Hardfacing structure |
| US3249407A (en) * | 1963-10-15 | 1966-05-03 | Du Pont | Cemented carbide bodies containing a dispersed oxide in the matrix metal and a process of making |
| US4689077A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1987-08-25 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Method for manufacturing a reaction-sintered metal/ceramic composite body and metal/ceramic composite body |
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