US2030853A - Liquid spray apparatus - Google Patents

Description

FebQlS, 1936.- G;- e. BUDWIG LIQUID SPRAY APPARATUS Filed Jan. 24, 1954 Y A? /Z INVENTOR, GILBERT G. 'BUDW/G.

B ,u I

y ATTORNEY ing liquid under pressure, wherebyother liquids Patented Feb. 1936,

LiQ ID. SPRAY mi im Gilbert G. Insect-0 Budw g, sal'atoga, Products Company, Burba k a corporation of California Appl cation January 24, 1934, Serial no, 708,031 f My invention relates to liquid spray apparatus,"

and more particularly to an apparatus by which external objects in the form of a spray.

aspirate and mix various liquids.

Other objects of my invention are: to provide a spray gun operated by liquid underpressure; to provide a means for mixing liquidsof differing characteristics; to provide means for mixing different liquids having different pressures; to provide means for mixing liquids having different pressures, the percentage ofcombination being largelyv independent of these pressures; to provide a means for mixing fertilizing chemicals with a streamiof water; toprovide a means for mixing insecticides with a stream ofwater; to provide a spray gun adapted to be attachedto a hose carrymay be mixed in definite proportions with the firstmentioned liquid andthereafter app ied to external objects; to provide a simple'means of diluting concentrated chemicals, and thereafter applying them to external objects; and to provide a means and method for forming a water spray, and incertain cases to provide means for mixing a diiferent liquid into the spray.

Other objects of my invention will be apparent ,,or will be-speciflcally pointed out in the description forming a part of this specification, but'I do notlimit myself tothe embodiment of the invention herein described, as various forms may be adopted withinthe scope of the claims.

.In the drawing which is attached hereto and forms a part of this specification, I have shown one particulanembodiment of invention as applied to a device adapted to beattached to the ordinary garden hose, several types of mixer tables being shown.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the preferred embodiment of my invention.

Figure 2 is a top view, in plan, of the devic illustrated in 1. v A H Figures 3, 4, and 5 are longitudinal= sectional views of the spray surface nozzle and feed conduit, illustrating various modifications of the surface adjacent the conduitopening. t Figure 6 is a'plan view of the'spray table shown in Figure5, illustrating the path-of the liquid. I j Figure 7 is a plan view of a modified form for the surface adjacent the conduit.

V devices for mixing chemicals with water, The principal object of my inventionisto providea spray gun, or similar device, adapted to Y be carriedin liquids x i l 'l r on i of the lime sprays,.both-of which-can be readily I Figure .a is a; erticai sectional via; the'device illustrated in Figure -7. liquids having differing characteristics jinay be" mixed in preferred percentages and applied to Q There have, in the past; been placed on the market, and madeavailable-tothe public, various t utilizing '5 the action of water, in a gardenhoset The chemi- "can i have generallybeen of *two distinct types.

First, fertilizing chemicals, so that lawns; shrubs and like growing 3 plants may be sprinkled and. n simultaneously. ferti1ized.-; 1 It is 1 quite customary, o however,to utilize the identical devices for a.pplying insecticides, mildew. preventing substances and like materials, to plants Asn 1ost ofthe prior devicesv have handled either; class of materials without modification, the instant invention is I likewise adapted-for ll these; types of materials;

Furthermore, in t his specification I do not wish to be limited to such chemicals as maybe actually in solution, as certain desirable materials may colloidal sulphur and some handled bymydevices i r device is, adapted to handle ,any-fcrm'of I liquidf'pr ierably in concentrated form mixed 25 withpa stream of water and-=then-sprayed onthe desired external object.

' In broad terms, my inventi on 'coinprises aflat mixing surface, preferably having anaperture jthereinw'hich aperturds connected with a sup- 30.

ply of concentrated liquid materiall Ajjet of water, or other fiuid under pressure, is directed againstthe flat surface, thereby causing the fluid to spread out andleavethe surface in thform of a spray, During'its passageoverthe surface,

it passes over the aperture. The reduced pressure, caused bythe passageoffthe jet fluid over the aperture,rcauses the, concentratedliquid 'tox be sucked through the aperture and mixed with the spray. I prefer ,to providewmeans. adjacent 40 the aperture forfincreasing the amount of suction developed. I I My invention may .be more thoroughly and completely understood by reference to the figures. A gun body fl is providedwith-a'handle 2 and a threaded cap portion 3. Iv prefer, to make the shape and size of, this threadedicap portiond I such that it will receive theithreads of a common mt'iar 4, and l utilizethis jarastarecepl tacleto carry thematerial which -I fmay desire to mix with a waterstream, @The top surfacei of thecap 3 is providedwith a-mixingfitablet',

which is screwed or otherwise fastened, to the cap surface. I'prefer to make this table in the form v of a nut so that it may be easily removed from bysuspension. example go w the cap, as I may desire to provide this table with suction bores I and connecting suction conpassage way from beneath the surface of the liquid to an aperture 12, opening directly on a top spray surface I3 of the spray table 6, and if suction were to be applied, to the aperture l2, liquid contained in the jar 4 would ,pass up through the composite bore and emerge through aperture I2.

I then prefer to projectajet ofwater on the 5 top spray surface of the table from'a jet nozzle l4, secured or otherwisefa stened intothe gun frame I. This nozzle is provided with a jet bore I5 and a continuing counter' bore l6 which opens .into a frame chamber ll. This frame chamber 11 connects with avalve chamber l8 in the handle 2, andthe end l9 of'the handleZ is preferably provided witliinternal hose1threadsf20, of suitable pitch to receive the malecoupling of an ordinary garden hose:

member In order to control the action of the gun, I

preferto position a thumb operated valve 2| beber ll.

tween the valve chamber l8 and the frame cham- This valve is operated through a valve stem 22 connected with a-thumb pad 23 and held closed by a spring '24. It isobvious that pressure on the thumb pad 23 will open the chamber I8 into the chamber ll, and if water under pressureis in the hose, such water will'then pass the spray table 8, and so position the jet nozzle N. that the jet25 will contact the surface 13 atfa through to the jet-nozzle If." I prefer to direct the jetlthusproduced,'illustrated by broken lines 25 in all the figures, onto the spray surface l3 of slight angle, thereby causing the jet tofan out into a substantially planar spray, as indicated by the numeral 26 in the figures. I also prefer to position the nozzle so that the jet 25 will contact the surface l3 just in front of the aperture I2,

whereby the water, justas'it starts to diverge, will pass over the aperture l2 and cause, bythat passage,- a" suction therein sufiicient to draw up through the suction bore 1 and associated pipes, liquid from the pint jar 4. This liquid will be carried on in the spray and will be thoroughly ;mixed therewith, so that when the spray lands on external objectstherewill be a percentage therein of the liquid from the pint jar. This percentage may be controlled by the size of thejet bore i5 and the size of the suction bore 8.

In the normal operation of'the device, I have found it-preferable to make additional arrangements adjacent the aperture l2, on the spray surface [3, which will greatly increase the suction produced, thus enabling} aspiration of relatively thick and heavy liquids. There are a number of means by which this suction may be increased. -Al1 of them, however, ap'pear'to have the same general'underlying idea, whichmay be stated,-.in broad terms, to be the formation of a ridge or ring in front of the aperture which 1 is slightly higher than the next adjacent surface.- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate embodiments where the material surrounding the aperture is raised above the general level of the surface I3,

while-Figures 5, 6, and 7 show different forms wherein the material immediately surrounding the aperture is at the same level as most of the surrounding surface; a portion, however, of that surface spaced back ashort distance from the aperture being cut awaybelow the surface. As far as I have been able to tell, there is no essential difference in the operation of the means shown in Figures 3 and 4 and that shown in Figures 5,6, and 7. C

While I am not at this time prepared to give the exact theory which is involved in the suction producing means above referred to, I am of the opinion at present that the stream, in the devices shown in Figures 3to 6, as it passes over the aperture; is thrown slightly upward away from the surface by the raised edge adjacent the aperture l2, hit by the jet, and causing a reduced pressure.

to be produced behind the lip. This upward movement probably causes the stream to miss entirely the far edge of the aperture, thus preventing any of theprojected liquid from shooting down into the suction bore 1, and allowing the material from the jar to flow freely into the stream.

In any' event, I have found, by repeated 8X1 perimentatiomthat a very slight upward projec-i tion of the edges of theaperture causes a relatively large increase in suction.

Thereis no need, apparently for this upward projection to be of any great extent. For example, I have found that if the suction bore 1, which in some instances is produced by the action of a No. 60 drill; is drilled from the outside towardthe suction conduit 8, that the suction will not be as "great as if the drilling is done from the inside out, thus leaving a small burr 21, as indicated in Figure 3. This burr aloneissuflicient to create a relatively large suction, much greater than ifthe burr were not present, The same result can be obtained by the use of an inserted sleeve28, as shown in Figure 4, where a minute portion of the sleeveis allowed to project above the surface. This method has some advantages as sleeves of this kind may bev made removable and replaceable with-different inner bores if desired." It should be pointed out here that when an inserted sleeve is used, the edges of the sleeve itself act as the raisededges of the aperture, and that it is not necessary, in this case, to burr-or .otherwise deform the actual edges of the bore which passes through the sleeve 28 where it. emerges from'th'e sleeve. fore, at least where it projects above the surface, may be very thin.

In Figures 5 and 6 I'show an embodiment which is preferred by me for certain purposes as it has advantages from the point of view of manufacturing. It is obvious to see that in Figure, 3, where a slight b'urr is used, that the burrs probably will not be uniform in a series of boring operations, therefore the amdunt of material aspirated will vary somewhat with different spray tables or with spray tables made'at different times.

, be accuratelyproduced throughout a long series The sleeve wall, therewish to be bound believe the action is,

- 4 ,of machine operationsand furthermore, the'pro duction is relatively cheap. Hereagain, I do not bymy explanation of what that the water, projected 5 through thejet 25,.dropsdowninto the channel before it hits the aperture and is given anupward In all of the several embodiments of the'suctionincreasing means that Ihaveshown and described, it will less symmetrical aperture. This beseen that thfey 'are more or and pass completely around the adjacent surfaceonthejet side of the aperture, will satisfy the requirements of myinvention;

Furthermore, I have providedstillanother'embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, wherein the sp Ly surface is cut away, back of the aperture, leaving a shelf 30, of the level of the surface,

in front of the aperture, the far edge of the aperture being cut away by the cross cut. The water,

as it passes over the aperture, creates suction in the chamber formed by the cut and the liquid in the jar is drawn out. No upward movement of the water is needed in this case, as the stream does not need to be deformed to create space for suction generation.

I also prefer, in this latter case, to make the cut at right angles to the direction of travel of the water. spread more when heavy mixed.

I have found that the rubber hose of the ordinary garden type acts somewhat as a pressure regulator in that it expands under high pressure and absorbs some of the load. I also utilize a fairly small jet bore I 5, so that the velocity of the stream 25, as it hits the surface, is fairly constant over a wide range of hose pressures. Thus the suction is maintained fairly constant, and the fully across the spray section, and, concentrates are used, are better percentage of liquid mixed with the water remains too strong a concentration, will burn the leaves of such plants, and yet the maximum possible percentage of insecticide is desired in order to obtain the maximum lethal efliciency. Nicotine solutions are examples of this latter type, and when such insecticides are used in cartridge form devices, water remaining inthe cartridge channel, after the hose supply has been shut off, dissolves a large quantity of chemicals out of the cartridge so that when water is passed through the hose the next time, the first'material out of the nozzle is excessively concentrated and may, and often does,

' I claim:

distributing liquids having a -distributing i being provided wi h a;, conduitfj having:one end I I apertureinj said surface, the" other end being adapted tobeinsertediri a body j of liqui'd,, mean's forangularly, directing a stream The aspirated chemicals are thus.

destroy foilage. This being sucked back when the pressure shut off,

' *mation,.eith er with or without chemicals or other extraneous matter mixed'with thespra'y, Phat the edge of the spray table at the pointwhere the fan of 'liquid leaves the table should, preferably,

be relativelyjsharp. Iprefer. toiobtain thisedge by providing the table with concavity 32, thereby creating a knif'e'ed'ge 33 over which the spra'y leaves the table. This edge prevents dribbling or loss'of liquid'fromjthe lfan during, operation,

due to any tendency for the liquid to follow yertical' surfaces;

In". combination, a aev'ic'f'roilj'miim and comprising a mixing head surface thereon, said head terminating in a distributing surface ,to'jcauseiagfi'at sheet ,of said latter liquid to pass ,over: a sumcientjportion; of 's'aid'sur'face and said aperture to'seal said apersaid latter liquid over said aperture.

of liquid at arelatively high-velocityonto said 2. In combination, a device for mixing and dis- 'tributing liquids comprising a mixing head having .a distributing surface thereon, said head being provided with a conduit having one end terminating in an aperture in said surface, the other end being adapted to be inserted in a body of liquid, means for angularly directing a stream of liquid at a I distributing surface to cause a flat sheet of said latter liquid to pass. over a portion of said surface and said aperture, and a circumferential ring around said aperture, said ring being raised above the next adjacent portion of said surface.

3. In combination, a device for mixing and distributing liquids comprising a mixing head having a distributing surface thereon, said head being provided with a conduit terminating in an aperture in said surface, the other'end being adapted to be inserted in a body of liquid, means for angularly directing a stream of liquid at a relatively high velocity onto said distributing surface to cause a flat sheet of said latter liquid to pass over aportion of said surface and said aperture, and means associated with the edges of said aperture to create areduced pressure in saidcondult due to the passage relatively high velocity onto said having one end of said latter liquid over saidaperture, said means distributing liquids comprising amixing head having a distributing surface thereon, said head a device for' mixing and 8? edges'of said aperture to create a reducedpressure ' prising a circumferential ehannelcut in said surface around said 'aperture if I 5.'Apparatus for. mixing -1 i(1l1ld$ comprising a fiat surface having an aperture therein and a depressiontherein joining saidiaperture, said de-' pression extending from a point in the plane of said surface to a point belowdzhe planethereof atthe junction of the depression and the aper- 5 ture, and meansforgdirecting a flow of water at substantial velocity first over. said aperture and then over said depression inthe .plane of said surface and in contact therewith, said flow being sufficiently wide to seal said aperture and said depression; from the atmosphere at said surface.

6. Apparatus for'mixing liquids comprising a fiat surface having an aperture therein .and a... depression therein joining said aperture, said depression extending from a point in the plane of said surface to a'point below the plane thereof at the junction of the depressionand the aperture, said depression having divergent side walls. 7 'joining said surface, and means for directing a ,flow of water at substantial velocity firstover said aperture-and then over: said depression in the plane of said'surfac'e'and in contact therewith.

7; Liquid spray apparatus comprising a distributing surface having an aperture therein, said aperturebeing located at a level differing from in said conduit due to'the passage of said. latter liquid over said-aperture, said means comthat 'of'the main area of said distributing surface, meansfor directing a relatively thinsheet --of liquid at substantial ive'locity over the main area;of; said distributing surface and-oversaid aperture, said sheet being of 'sufilcient extent to pletely sealsaid aperture from theatmosw ere at said surface. 3

8./Liquid spray apparatus comprising 'a distributing'surface having an aperture therein, said aperture being located at a level differingfrom that of the-mainarea 0f-said distributing surface vand -ajet nozzle positioned to direct an angular stream of liquid of relatively small cross section against'said surfaceat substantial velocity-in front of said aperture to form a'thin sheet of moving liquid on the main area of said surface divergingfrom point of impact; said sheet I ing said conduit at a levelon said surface dif-- ferlng fromthat of the main area of said surface, and flowing saidliquid over said main area in a flat sheet toform a liquid seal over said aperture andall areas changed in level from the level r of'said main area. a

"GILBERT- G. BUDWIG.

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