US2030096A - Black powder composition - Google Patents
Black powder composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2030096A US2030096A US671700A US67170033A US2030096A US 2030096 A US2030096 A US 2030096A US 671700 A US671700 A US 671700A US 67170033 A US67170033 A US 67170033A US 2030096 A US2030096 A US 2030096A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- composition
- black
- black powder
- powder composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 22
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 aliphatic basic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/04—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur
- C06B31/06—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
Definitions
- This invention relates to modified black powder compositions, and more particularly to such compositions containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing material.
- composition of black powder generally has consisted essentially of potassium or sodium ni-' trate, sulfur, and charcoal.
- sodium nitrate has been the oxidizing ingredient used, and a representative composition prior to the present invention has comprised approximately 72% sodium nitrate, 10% sulfur, and 18% charcoal.
- black blastingpowder as a l3 commercial explosive have been that it possesses a relatively low velocity'of decomposition, in distinction from the high velocity dynamites. Because of this low velocity, in the blasting down of coal for example, a larger percentage of lump coal 20 is obtained by the use of black powder. Black blasting powder has been used in the granular form until recent years, the grains being given a smooth polished surface coating by the operation known as glazing.
- Black blasting powder pellets are ordinarily'made in blocks about 2" in length and of any desired di- 30 ameter, up to approximately 2", for example.
- Ammonium nitrate is a highly hygroscopic 50 compound and it is necessary in the case of pellets containing it, and in fact with all pellets, to free the pellets from moisture before final packing, by drying at a relatively elevated temperature, for example 95 C.
- a relatively elevated temperature for example 95 C.
- ammonium nitrate 5 powders the disadvantage has been encountered The most commonlythat these powders exhibit a tendency to spontaneousignition on drying at elevated tempera-'- tures, thereby introducing'a decided hazard into the manufacturing operations.
- the object of my invention is a modified'black 5 I powder. composition possessing a high degree of thermal stability.
- a further object is such a,powder containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing materal, and having the composition so adjusted that the tendency to spontaneous l0 ignition on heating is removed. Further objects will be described as the invention is disclosed hereinafter.
- the black powder composition contains a stabilizing ingredient consisting of a solid organic basic compound. While the inclusion of such an ingredient is particularly desirable in black powders containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing material, I may include this stabilizer to advantage also in all types of black powders.
- Various aromatic basic compounds likewise may be employed, such as diphenylamine. Preferably I make use of urea for bringing about the desired results.
- black blasting powder made in accordance with my invention, the following may be cited, in comparison with a similar powder containing no stabilizing ingredient of the type described:
- the stabilizing value of the urea present in the second example above may be seen from the fact that the powder, containing no urea, fired spon- 5 taneously after 48 hours heating at 96 C., and after 7 to 8 hours at 104 C.
- the powder containing the urea on the other hand, fired only after 19 hours at 116 C.
- urea or other stabilizing ingredient of the class described may be used in a wide range of amounts, I preferably include the urea in an amount between 0.2 .and Other, quantities may be used, but amounts below the lower limit given-are substantially insufiieient to bring about the'desired effect on the powder-composition, while more than 10% is undesirable because of its effect on the explosiveproperties of the powder.
- the various organic basic compounds suggested herein will act as combustible in the explosive, as wellas in the capacity of stabilizing agent.
- the stabilizing ingredient according to my invention may be included with advantage in all forms of black blasting powder, whether granular orpelleted. Likewise it is applicable in low density powders of the type that is obtained by packing the powder in wet condition into prepared and pre-formed shells, and s bsequent drying in the shell by means of hea In fact, the desirability of powders containing a solid organic basic compound as a stabilizer is emphasized particularly, the greater the amount of moisture present for removal, with consequent necessity for maintaining at a relatively high temperature. for-a considerable period of time.
- a modified black powder composition having its degree of stability substantially increased by an ingredient incorporated therein comprising a solid organic basic compound.
- composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic basic'compound is diphenylamine.
- composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic compound is dicyandiamide.
- composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic basic compound is urea.
- a modified black powder composition comprising ammonium nitrate, a second inorganic N nitrate, sulfur and charcoal, said composition having its degree of stability increased by an ingredient incorporated therein comprising a solid organic basic compound;
- a modified black powder composition comprising sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sulfur, charcoal, and sufficient urea to act as a stabilizer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 11, 1936 PATENT OFFICE BLACK POWDER COMPOSITION Clarence W. Brooks, Jr., Woodbury, N. J assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours &' Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 18, 1933,
Serial No. 671,700
12 Claims. (01. 52-17) g This invention relates to modified black powder compositions, and more particularly to such compositions containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing material.
' The composition of black powder generally has consisted essentially of potassium or sodium ni-' trate, sulfur, and charcoal. In the black blasting powders in common use in this country, sodium nitrate has been the oxidizing ingredient used, and a representative composition prior to the present invention has comprised approximately 72% sodium nitrate, 10% sulfur, and 18% charcoal.
The advantages of black blastingpowder as a l3 commercial explosive have been that it possesses a relatively low velocity'of decomposition, in distinction from the high velocity dynamites. Because of this low velocity, in the blasting down of coal for example, a larger percentage of lump coal 20 is obtained by the use of black powder. Black blasting powder has been used in the granular form until recent years, the grains being given a smooth polished surface coating by the operation known as glazing.
. used powder at the present time, however, is in the form of cylindrical pellets wrapped in paper sticks similar to dynamite cartridges. Black blasting powder pellets are ordinarily'made in blocks about 2" in length and of any desired di- 30 ameter, up to approximately 2", for example.
While sodium nitrate has been the customary oxidizing ingredient in such powders, various proposals have been made to replace a portion of the, sodium nitrate by ammonium nitrate. Such a' replacement has had' a number of advantages, particularly in giving greater potential strength to the powders, since ammonium nitrate produces gaseous products only on combustion, whereas a relatively large proportion of the sodium nitrate is left as solid residue. A further advantage comes from the fact that the use of ammonium nitrate as a partial replacement of the sodium nitrate allows the attainment of a lower density pellet powder. This low density feature is desirable in many cases, since it gives a greater number of sticks per pound of explosive, the strength per 1 stick still being sufiicient to give the desired execution. g
Ammonium nitrate is a highly hygroscopic 50 compound and it is necessary in the case of pellets containing it, and in fact with all pellets, to free the pellets from moisture before final packing, by drying at a relatively elevated temperature, for example 95 C. In drying ammonium nitrate 5 powders, the disadvantage has been encountered The most commonlythat these powders exhibit a tendency to spontaneousignition on drying at elevated tempera-'- tures, thereby introducing'a decided hazard into the manufacturing operations.
The object of my invention is a modified'black 5 I powder. composition possessing a high degree of thermal stability. A further object is such a,powder containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing materal, and having the composition so adjusted that the tendency to spontaneous l0 ignition on heating is removed. Further objects will be described as the invention is disclosed hereinafter.
- I have found that the above objects are accomplished when the black powder composition contains a stabilizing ingredient consisting of a solid organic basic compound. While the inclusion of such an ingredient is particularly desirable in black powders containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing material, I may include this stabilizer to advantage also in all types of black powders. Various compounds-may be used, with beneficial results, preferably from the class of solid aliphatic basic compounds, for example guanidine, dicyandiamide, urea, and the 5 like. Various aromatic basic compounds likewise may be employed, such as diphenylamine. Preferably I make use of urea for bringing about the desired results.
As an illustrative example of a black blasting powder, made in accordance with my invention, the following may be cited, in comparison with a similar powder containing no stabilizing ingredient of the type described:
- Per cent Per cent Sodium nitrate 60.5 60.0 Sulfur 10.0 10.0 Charcoal 18.0 17.8 Ammonium nitrate 10.0 10.0 40 Calcium carbonate 1.5 1.2 Urea 1.0
The stabilizing value of the urea present in the second example above may be seen from the fact that the powder, containing no urea, fired spon- 5 taneously after 48 hours heating at 96 C., and after 7 to 8 hours at 104 C. The powder containing the urea, on the other hand, fired only after 19 hours at 116 C.- While urea or other stabilizing ingredient of the class described may be used in a wide range of amounts, I preferably include the urea in an amount between 0.2 .and Other, quantities may be used, but amounts below the lower limit given-are substantially insufiieient to bring about the'desired effect on the powder-composition, while more than 10% is undesirable because of its effect on the explosiveproperties of the powder. It will be understood also that the various organic basic compounds suggested herein will act as combustible in the explosive, as wellas in the capacity of stabilizing agent.
The stabilizing ingredient according to my invention may be included with advantage in all forms of black blasting powder, whether granular orpelleted. Likewise it is applicable in low density powders of the type that is obtained by packing the powder in wet condition into prepared and pre-formed shells, and s bsequent drying in the shell by means of hea In fact, the desirability of powders containing a solid organic basic compound as a stabilizer is emphasized particularly, the greater the amount of moisture present for removal, with consequent necessity for maintaining at a relatively high temperature. for-a considerable period of time.
Having. described my invention in detail in the foregoing, I intend to be limited only as indicated in the following claims.
I claim:
1. The process of stabilizing a modified black powder composition which comprises incorporat ing therein an ingredient comprising a solid organic basic compound.
2. The process of stabilizing a modified black powder composition which comprises incorporating therein a solid aliphatic basic compound.
3. A modified black powder composition having its degree of stability substantially increased by an ingredient incorporated therein comprising a solid organic basic compound.
4. A modified black powder composition containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing material, said composition having its degree of stability substantially increased by an degree of stability increased by an ingredient incorporated therein comprising a solid aliphatic basic compound.
'7. The composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic basic'compound is diphenylamine.
8. The composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic compound is dicyandiamide.
9. The composition of claim 4 in which the solid organic basic compound is urea.
10. A modified black powder composition comprising ammonium nitrate, a second inorganic N nitrate, sulfur and charcoal, said composition having its degree of stability increased by an ingredient incorporated therein comprising a solid organic basic compound;
11. A modified black powder composition comprising sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, sulfur, charcoal, and sufficient urea to act as a stabilizer. I 12. A modified black powder composition containing ammonium nitrate as a portion of the oxidizing materia and a stabilizer comprising 0.2 to 10.0% of urea.
CLARENCE w. BROOKS, JR.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US671700A US2030096A (en) | 1933-05-18 | 1933-05-18 | Black powder composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US671700A US2030096A (en) | 1933-05-18 | 1933-05-18 | Black powder composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2030096A true US2030096A (en) | 1936-02-11 |
Family
ID=24695549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US671700A Expired - Lifetime US2030096A (en) | 1933-05-18 | 1933-05-18 | Black powder composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2030096A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2419851A (en) * | 1944-03-24 | 1947-04-29 | John W Orelup | Stabilized colored smoke composition |
| US2899965A (en) * | 1959-08-18 | Bromate-urea oxidative fixing |
-
1933
- 1933-05-18 US US671700A patent/US2030096A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2899965A (en) * | 1959-08-18 | Bromate-urea oxidative fixing | ||
| US2419851A (en) * | 1944-03-24 | 1947-04-29 | John W Orelup | Stabilized colored smoke composition |
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