US2025347A - Variable speed control device for centrifugal governors - Google Patents

Description

De- 24, 1935 M. J. HEINZMANN VARIABLE' SPEED CONTROL DEVICEl FOR CENTRIFUGAL GOVERNORS K Filed may 27, 195s 2 sheets-sheet 1 aufn:

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VARIABVLE SPEED CONTROL DEVICE FOR GE yM. J. HEINZMANN NTRIFUGAL GOVERNORS I A Filed .May 27, 1933 2 'Sheets-Sheet 2 .Patented-Dee. 24. 193s y PATENT OFFICE .SPEED CONTROL DEVICE CENTEIFUGAL Fon. Govmmoas Max lieinzmann, Koetmohenbroda,

June 6, 1932 Application May 27, 1933, Serial No. 673,187

l.- In Germany V racismo.

'ihe present invention relates to that class of Y variable speedrcontrol devices with which continuous speed control throughout the whole speed range is possible. Compared with the speed control devices hitherto employed, the device described in the following specication has the advantage that it requires scarcely any additional space. This advantage is of-great importance, considering that the general tendency in modern 4engine construction is to attain a compact, en-

cased arrangement of all component parts. A further advantage is that it is possible to adapt and to arrange the springs containedin the speed control device according to every speed controllingl range required and-without changing the Referring to the drawings. Figs. 1-11 show an embodiment of the invention designed for small speed ranges and mainly for stationary engines, and diagrams. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the governor shown, lforexample fixed to a through shaft. Fig. 2 is a section of, the speed control device. Fig. 3 is a section of box 23 on alineC-DofFigJ. Fig.3a is a section of box 26 Il on aline A-B of Fig. 2. Fig.,5 is a lever diagram appertaining to the lever spring 26. Fig. S'shows curve KL of centrifugal forces, derived by adding the spring forces and registering them above the governor lift a in lowest speed position. FigJI shows the g curve M--N for highest speed position. p, Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the additional spring forces acting-on the regulating lever shaft I6. -The spring forces have beenregisteredaboveanaxisofashowing the angles about which the cylindrical box 23 isturned. Fig.9showstheunrolled cylindrical surfaceofthespringbox Ilandslotsinmediuin speed position. -lig.10 same in lowest speed Pigs. 12-19 show an embodiment of the inventiondesignedforlargespeedrangesandmainly for vehicle with This govermrisshomforexamplanxedtoashaftend.- 45' Fig.12isaaectionofthegowernor..

Fig. 13 isa section' ofl the speed control device. rigJdisaseetionofthespringboxilonalme A--B of Hg. 13. Ik. l5 is a diagram-showing 23inlineE-F. Fig'.4isasectionofthecasingv position. Fig. l1 same in highest speed position.'

arrangement of the compensation spring 60 (Fig. 13). Fig. 19 is a curve diagram: curve 'fo-s3 shows forces exerted by the' spiral springs 49, 50, 5I, 52, 53 on lever 54; curve 15s shows theforces exerted by spring 58 on lever 56; curve faz is the '5 resulting curve which has been derived by algebraio addition of the forces shown by curves fen and fla-5a; curve fsa registers the forces necessary for turning the spring box 54. Y

Referring to the drawings: (Figs. 1-11): The 10 governor is xed to a shaft I, which may be the crank shaft or the cam shaft of4 the engine. Firmly lxed to shaft I is a. governor support 2. Around the latter, two weights 3 are arranged. These are penetrated by two radial threaded bolts 16 4 rmly xed to the governor support 2, provided at their ends with adjustable screw-caps 5, and surrounded by transverse springs 6. The springs 6 are thus in contact with the screw caps 5A and the bottoms of the cylindrical spaces in vthe 20 weights 3. By means of bell 4cranks 1 (indicated by dotted lines), weights 3 are connected with the governor sleeve l slidably mounted on shaft I. The bell cranks I are, bymeansof pins 3. pivotally connected withlugs I0 of the governor 25 support 2. They are linked to the weights 3 by means of pins LII, and to the sliding governor sleeve 8 at point I2 by means of a sliding element or roller not shown. Two sliding elements I3, fixed by means of bolts Il to the forked part of the regulating lever I5 engage with the governor sleeve 8. Theregulating lever I5 is firmly iixed to the regulating lever shaft I8. The end I1 of the regulating lever I5 is, by means of rods and levers not shown, connected with the distributl ing mechanism of the engine, for instance with the fuel control member of the fuel injection pump. The regulating lever shaft I 6 is supported .by bearings in the governor casing I 8, projecting with one end into that part of the easing con- 40 taining-'the spring speed control device. Spiral springs I3, 2l, 2I, 22 will be seen (Figs. 2 and 3) firmly connected with their one end to the regu' lating lever shaft I6. The actuating lever 25 is firmly fixed to the spring box 23. It is actuated and adjusted in a manner not shown by means of rods and levers by a control quadrant or hand wheel. The outer ends of these springs are radially bent upward and project intoslots als-s2! in the cylindrical wall of the rotatable spring box 28 which, in order to reduce friction as much as possible,- may be supported by bearing-rollers Il. For special reasons described later on. a lever spring 2i is further provided, which with its one endis'nndwtneleverpmzsoneveru. ness' Y ver 21 is firmly connected with the regulating lever shaft I6 and is thus turned according to the lift a of the governor sleeve .8. The other end of the lever spring 26 is bent at right-angles and is provided with a claw 29 anda roller 30 arranged side by side. When b ox 23 is turned, the claw 28 is guided by a radial slot 3| in the casing I8, while the roller 38 moves along a curved guide plate 32 firmly screwed to box 23. In order to stop the engine, a bolt 33 and a lever 34 are further provided. Bolt 33 is rmly xed to the spring box 23, lever 34 to the regulating lever shaft I6.

Referring now to Figs. 12-19 of the drawings: The governor shown here is xed to the end of shaft 35. This shaft may be the crank shaft of the engine, the vcam shaft or a special shaft. Firmly seated on the shaft 35 is the governor support 36. The governor shown here is one for vehicle motors, and as these must be adapted to a speed range of 1:10, the transverse springs have, for technical reasons, been omitted. On the other hand however, the weights 31 are integrally combined with the bell cranks 38 and pivotally connected to lugs 42 on the governor support 36 by means of pins 4I.` The ends of the bell cranks are linked to a bolt 39 on the sliding control pin 4I) of the governor. The latter is provided with a ball bearing 43 engaging with the regulating lever 44 by way of two sliding elements 45. -The regulating lever 44 is firmly xed to the regulating lever shaft 46, its end 41 being, by means of intermediate members not shown, connected with the distributing mechanism of thf. engine. The regulating lever shaft 46 is supported by bearings in the stationary governor casing 48, projecting with one end into the part of the casing containing the spring speed control device. Spiral springs 49, 58, 5I, 52 and 53 (Figs.

13, 14) will be seen firmly connected with their one end to the regulating lever shaft 46. 'Ihe outer ends of all springs are radially bent upward. Springs 49-53 project into slots s49-s53 of different length in the wall of the rotatable spring box 54. The outer end of spring 49 is rmly lfixed in the same. In order to reduce friction as much as possible, spring box 54 may be supported by bearing-rollers 55. 'I'he actuating lever 56 is firmly fixed to the spring box 54. It is actuated and adjusted in a manner not shown by means of rods and levers by the foot pedal, or by a control quadrant or by a hand wheel. In order to stop the engine, a bolt 51 and a lever 58 are provided. Bolt 51 is firmly xed to the spring box 54, lever 58 to the regulating lever shaft. Hooked to pin 59 on lever 56 is a special compensating spring 68. 'I'he other hooked end of this spring is held by a lug 6I on the stationary casing.

The operation of the device shown by Figs. 1-11 is as follows: When the governor rotates together with the shaft I, weights 3`are forced outward by centrifugal force, this outward movement being opposed by the action of the springs 6. The bell cranks 1 (dotted lines) transmit the movement of the weights 3 to the governor sleeve 8, which in turn acts on the regulating lever I5 fixed on tl'leregulating'levery shaft I6. The regulating lever shaft is, however, also subject to the action of the spiral springs I9, 28, 2l, 22 and the lever spring 25 contained in the rotatable spring box 23. Four spiral springs are, for example, provided in the present case, but the number of the springs may be larger or smaller.-

When the spring box 23 is turned by means of the lever 25, the outer ends of the springs I8, 20,

2|, 22 will be sooner or later moved along in backward or forward directionowlng to the movement of the slots sl9, s28, s2I, s22 in thev cylindrical wall of the spring box 23. The springs are thus strainedv and exert on the regulating 5 lever shaft I6 torsional forces which by way of the regulating lever I5, the governor sleeve 8, the bell cranks 1 and the weights 3 are transmitted to the transverse springs 6, the spring force of which is thus increased or reduced according to 10 the direction of the force 'exerted by springs I9, 28, 2|, 22. In this way, the speed of the gov# ernor may be varied. In the following, all forces acting onfthe governor in an additional sense will be referred to as forces acting in plus direc- 15 tion, while forces acting on the governor in a subtractive sense will be referred to as forces acting in a negative sense. The turning angle or box 23 has, for example been chosen i45. Springs 2| and 22 operate in the positive range 20 only, exerting forces which increase the force exerted by the transverse springs 6. When the spring box 23 is turned in plus direction for the purpose of varying the speed, (Fig. 9) spring 22 will be moved later than spring 2|. The result 25 is that the centrifugal diagram (Fig. '1) will become more inclined as the speed increases, that is, the degree of irregularity in the high speed region will be increased. Springs I9 and 20 operate in the negative range only, that is, in 30 the low speed region, the forces acting on the governor sleeve 8 being then reduced.

The special lever spring 26 has been provided in order to reduce the degree of irregularity 'in the negative region. In Fig. 5, the uninterrupted 35 black line shows the change of pressure from plus to minus, line H-I connecting both points of spring attachment running through the centre of the regulating lever shaft I6, spring 26 not being in action. As soon as the governor weights 40 move outward, the outer end H of lever 21 moves to G, enabling spring 26 to act on lever 21 by a lever, arm increasing to h as the weights move outward. The forces thus acting on lever 21 act in a negative sense on the governor. As this 45 lsubtractive force is smaller in the `inner position of the weights than in the outer position of same, the centrifugal curve shown in Fig. 6 is rendered less static by the lever spring 26, whereby again the degree of irregularity is reduced for low speed. 50 The functional law according to which the degree of irregularity is reduced in the negative range may be altered by altering the form of curve :c-y--z of the guide-plate 32. It is of adf vantage to choose this vcurve such that spring 26 55 is completely free of vtension at the point of pressure change, as the same would otherwise cause an undesirable reduction in the degree of irregularity in the position range. By altering curve :rf-y-z of the guide plate 32, further by fixing 60 lever 21 at another angle on the regulating lever shaft I6, the spring 26 may be made to act on the goveY nor according to another functional law y if this should be required with regard to the governor construction or the extension of the 65 speed range.

If the spring box 23 is turned more than 45 in minus direction, bolt 33 will engage lever 34 within the stopping lift c. The result is that by way of the governor sleeve 8 and the bell cranks 1, 70 the weights 3 are moved apart simultaneously" overcoming the pressure of the transverse springs 6 and shutting oif the distributing mechanism'.

possibletomakeoneormoreofthespiralsm'ings actbothinthepositiveandnegative rangeby rmlyinfhewlllofbolll.

'partlybybeingimcoiledandpartlybybeing the lTherotatablesprlngl'loxIsinexample, provided with ilvespiral speed control springs ,ll, SL52, Il; Theturning angle ofthebox ills-90,butmaybemadelarger or smaller. l'.lhe spiral springs act consecutively onthegovernonAswillbeseenfromtheunrolled cylindrlcalboxwall (Figs. l6and 17), only theouter endofspringisrmlyilxedins'ame, while the' ends ofspringsil, 5i, 52, 53 are radisuchthattheengine ing simi: Withvehicleenglntheaprimboxilismost.

this case, for' ABoth points of attachment are arranged in such a way, that when the engine is running at low speed.tbisspringwillexertaforcetending to When the. engine is. however, running at high speed, the compensating spring 8l will exert aA force acting-in oppomte (accelerating) direction on lever II. Referring to Fig. 18, it will Vbe seen that when the engine speed is increased within the low speed range, the eii'ective lever arm of the spring will gradually diminish to zero; when the speed is then further increased (upper speed range), the lever arm will gradually increase from zero to a maximum value.

- In Fig. I9, curves have been drawn showing the forces acting on lever il. The axis of abscissas registers the angles about which the spring box' 54 is turned, while the axis of ordinates registers the spring'forces. Forces drawn below the axis of a are such acting in stopping sense on lever 56; forces drawn above the axis of abscissas are forces acting in accelerating sense on same. Curve .n-5s is a curve showing forces exerted by the spiral springs 49, 5l,5l, 52, 53 on lever- 56. As these forces are equal to but oppose the forces acting on the regulating lever shaft 46, curve frs-.sa only diilers Vfrom the resulting curve shown in Fig. 15 in that it is turned upside down. Curve leo is the curve showing the forces exerted by the compensating spring 60 on lever it of the rotatable spring box 54. These forces may be computed by means of the for-V Yi that is they are equal to the product of the variable spring forces fw and the variable lever arm n (Fig. 18) divided by the constant lever,

i bell cranks are used in place of weights pivotally lytm'nedliymeallofa.ofrodsacted uponhyapedal. Ithdrabktokeeptheforces foot premere' conconnected with same, also be employed for vehcle engines. Similarly, the governor shown in Figs. l2 and 13 (with control pin) may, by using pivotallv connected weights in place of weights turn the spring box Il in stopping direction.

integrally combined with bell cranks, be emplayed for stationary engines. I am aware that many changes may be made, and numerous details of 'construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the lprinci-v ples of this inventii, and I therefore do not r purpose limiting the .patent granted hereon,

.otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

1'. A variable speed control device in combination with a centrifugal speed governor comprising a governor shaft, a governor control member slldabb mounted and guided by said governor 4slulft, a stationary casing, a regulating lever shaft rotatively in said casing. a reguf lating lever mounted rigidiyon said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with sad 'governor control member, a box rotatably mountedmsaideasinghavingaphiralityofholesand a plurality of parallel slots 'extending circumfer-v entially therein, sold box being concentric to lentlhaft', "plurality of at spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner ends rigidly attached to said regulating lever shaft and the outer ends engageable in said holes and slots, and a manually manipulative lever attached to said box for turning the same.

-2. A variable speed control device in combination with a centrifugal speed governor comprising a governor shaft, a governor collar slidably mounted on said governor shaft, a stationary casing, a regulating lever shaft rotatively mounted in said casing, a regulating lever mounted rigidly on said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with said governor collar, a box rotatably mounted in said casing having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box bemounted in said casing, a regulating lever mounted rigidly on said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with said governor control pin, a box rotatably mounted in said casng having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box being concentric to said regulating lever shaft, a plurality o f flat spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner ends rigidly attached to said regulating lever yshaft and the outer ends engageable in said holes and slots, and a manually manipulative lever attached to said box for turning the same.

4. A variable speed control devices in combination with a centrifugal speed governor comprising a governor shaft, a governor control member slidably mounted and guided by said governor shaft, a stationary casing, a regulating leve'r shaft rotatively mounted in said casing, a

regulating lever Amounted rigidly on said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with said governor control member, a box rotatably 'mounted in said casing having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box being concentric to said regulating lever shaft, a plurality of flat spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner ends. rigidlyattached to said regulating lever shaft, and whereby the outer end of one of said flat spiral springs is rmly seated and held in one of the holes in said box, the outer ends of the remain'- ing 'of said flat spiral springs being engageable in said slots, and a manually manipulative lever -attached to said box for turning same.

governor control member, a box rotatably mountsaid box in accelerating sense with a lever arm ,.0

ed in said casing having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box being concentric to said regulating lever shaft, a plurality of iiat spiral springs located between said box and said 5 regulating lever shaft having the yinner ends rigidly attached to' saidregulating lever shaft, several of saidflat spiral springs being with their outer ends firmly seated and held in holes in said box,` the outer ends of the remaining of said iiat spiral springs being engageable inl said slots, and a manually manipulative lever attached to said box for turning same.

6. A variable speed control device in combination with a centrifugal speed governor comprisl5- ing a governor shaft, a governor control member slidably mounted and guided by said governor shaft, a stationary casing, a regulating lever shaft rotatively mounted in said casing, a regulating lever mounted rigidly on said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with said governor control member a box rotatably mounted in said casing having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box being concentric to said 2 regulating lever shaft,- a plurality of at spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner ends rigidly attached to said regulating lever shaft and the outer ends engageable in said holes and slots, 30.,

a manually manipulative lever attached to said box for turning the same, a levervrigidly xed to said regulating lever shaft, a lever spring cooperating at its one end with said lever, a claw and a roller on the other end of said spring, a radial slot in said stationary casing for guiding the claw,

a curved guide plate rigidly connected with said rotatable box and adapted to guide said roller and whereby the tension of said lever spring may be varied when the said box is turned and the lever arm of said springs varied when thegovernor weights move apart.

7. A variable speed control device in combination with a centrifugal speed governor comprising'a .governor shaft, a governor control member 45 slidably mounted and guided by said governor shaft, a stationary casing, a regulating lever shaft rotatlvelyvmounted in said casing; a regulating lever mounted rigidly on said regulating lever shaft having "one end connected with said governor; control member, a box rotatably mounted in said casing having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots `extending circumferentially'therein, said box being concentric to said regulating lever shaft, a plurality of ilat spiral a springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft, having `the inner ends rigidly attached to said regulating lever shaft and the outer ends engageable in said holes and slots, a manually manipulative-lever attached to said box for turning the same, a compensating spring attached with its one end to the said manually mat nipulative lever and with its other-end to the said stationary 'casing and adapted to the low speed range to exert on the said box lever a bias tend- 65 turn said box in stopping sense with a levei arm gradually decreasing to zero, and in the high speed range, to exert a bias tending to turn increasing from zero to a Amaximum value. l 8. YA. variable speed control device in combination with acentrifugal speed governor comprising-a governor shaft, a governor control member slidablymounted 'and guided by saidl governor 75 mand the outer ends engageable in said holes and l 2,025,847 shaft, a stationary casing, a` regulating lever shaft rotatively mounted in said casing, a regulating lever mounted rigidly on said regulating lever lshaft having one end connected with said governor control member, a box rotatably mounted in said casing ,having a plurality of holes and a plurality of parallel slots extending circumferentially therein, said box beingI concentric to said 'regulating lever shaft, bearing `rollers distributed round said box for supporting same, a plurality of flat spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft, having the inner ends rigidly attached to said regulating lever shaft slats, and a manually manipulative lever attached to boxfor turning the same.

9. Avaliable speed 'control device incombination with a centrifugal speed govemo comprising a governor shaft, a governor control member slidably' mounted and guided b'y said governor shaft, a stationary casing, a regulating lever shaft rotatively mounted in; said casing, a regulating lever mounted rigidly -on said regulating lever shaft having one end connected with said governor control member, a box rotatably mounted .in said casing having a plurality of holes and a pluralityof 'parallel "slots extending circumferentially therein, said box being concentric -to said regulating lever shaft, a plurality of fiat spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner endsrigdly attached to said regulating lever shaft-and the outer ends engageable in-said holesand slots, a manually manipulative lever attached to said box forturning the same, a catch in said box, a lever firmly' fixed to the saidregulating lever shaft and adapted to engage with' said catch within the stopping lift and whereby the governor Weights may be caused to move apart and shut off the fuel control gear. 5 y

' ly therein, said box'being concentric to said regulating levershaft, a plurality of flat spiral springs located between said box and said regulating lever shaft having the inner ends rigidly attached 20 to saidregulating lever shaft and the outer ends engageable in said holes and slots, a manually manipulative lever attached to said box for turning the same, a lever rigidly fixed to said regulating lever shaft, a lever spring cooperating at its 2 5 'one end with said lever, al roller on the other end of said spring, a curved guide plate firmly connected with said rotatable box and adapted to` guide saidroller, said springs, said roller, said guide-plate and said levery engaging with the said 30' lever spring being chosen and arranged for attaining least possible variation of the degree of irregularity or variability according to acertain functional law.

' MAX JOSEPH I-IEINZMANN. 35

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