US20230272585A1 - Fibrous Structures and Methods for Making Same - Google Patents
Fibrous Structures and Methods for Making Same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20230272585A1 US20230272585A1 US18/143,810 US202318143810A US2023272585A1 US 20230272585 A1 US20230272585 A1 US 20230272585A1 US 202318143810 A US202318143810 A US 202318143810A US 2023272585 A1 US2023272585 A1 US 2023272585A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibrous structure
- wet wipe
- wipe
- filaments
- wet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000282836 Camelus dromedarius Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 80
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 8
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011967 chocolate pudding Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011962 puddings Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000134552 Plantago ovata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003421 Plantago ovata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000009223 Psyllium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013504 Triton X-100 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940070687 psyllium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000006711 Pistacia vera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003212 astringent agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012745 brilliant blue FCF Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CEZCCHQBSQPRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl174821 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C)C=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C12 CEZCCHQBSQPRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001841 cholesterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001497 healthy food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CO AEIJTFQOBWATKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 UYDLBVPAAFVANX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020233 pistachio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015541 sensory perception of touch Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/002—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
- D21H27/004—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
- D21H27/005—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/015—Natural yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
- D04H3/153—Mixed yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/14—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene polyethylene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/16—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/24—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/002—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
- D21H27/004—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
- D21H27/005—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness
- D21H27/007—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness relating to absorbency, e.g. amount or rate of water absorption, optionally in combination with other parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fibrous structures and more particularly to fibrous structures, such as wet wipes, that exhibit a novel combination of properties, and to methods for making such fibrous structures.
- Fibrous structures are a ubiquitous part of daily life. Fibrous structures are currently used in a variety of disposable articles including, but not limited to, feminine hygiene products, diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, paper towels, sanitary tissue products and wipes. Disposable wipes comprised of fibrous structures are widely used by consumers to clean surfaces, such as glass and ceramic tile, as well as to clean the skin of children and adults. Pre-moistened or wet wipes made of fibrous structures are also known.
- wet wipes such as baby wipes for example, should be strong enough when pre-moistened with a lotion to maintain integrity in use, but also soft enough to give a pleasing and comfortable tactile sensation to the user(s).
- wet wipes should have sufficient absorbency and porosity to be effective in cleaning the soiled skin of a user while at the same time providing sufficient barrier to protect the user from contacting the soil. Protecting the user from contacting the soil creates unique “barrier” demands for fibrous structures that can negatively affect both the fibrous structures' absorbency and lotion release.
- wet wipes should have absorbency properties such that each wipe of a stack remains wet during extended storage periods but yet at the same time easily releases lotion during use.
- the present invention solves the problem identified above by fulfilling the needs of the consumers by providing fibrous structures that exhibit a novel combination of properties and methods for making such fibrous structures.
- a fibrous structure that exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 12 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 8.5 as measured according to the Soil Leak Through Test Method described herein, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% and/or at least 45% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from 91 ⁇ m to about 140 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% and/or at least 45% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from 91 ⁇ m to about 140 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Lotion Release of greater than 0.25 and/or greater than 0.27 and/or greater than 0.30 and/or greater than 0.32 as measured according to the Lotion Release Test Method described herein, is provided.
- a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Basis Weight of less than 55 g/m 2 and/or less than 50 g/m 2 and/or less than 47 g/m 2 and/or less than 45 g/m 2 and/or less than 40 g/m 2 and/or less than 35 g/m 2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m 2 and/or greater than 25 g/m 2 and/or greater than 30 g/m 2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein, a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 5.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein, and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive
- a fibrous structure for example coformed fibrous structure, comprising a plurality of filaments and a plurality of solid additives, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Basis Weight of less than 55 g/m 2 and/or less than 50 g/m 2 and/or less than 47 g/m 2 and/or less than 45 g/m 2 and/or less than 40 g/m 2 and/or less than 35 g/m 2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m 2 and/or greater than 25 g/m 2 and/or greater than 30 g/m 2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein, a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 5.0 N and/or greater than 5.2 N and/or greater than 5.5 N and/or greater than 6.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein, is provided.
- a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides fibrous structures that solve the problems described above by providing fibrous structures that exhibit certain properties that are consumer desirable and to methods for making such fibrous structures.
- FIG. 1 is a plot of Liquid Absorptive Capacity (“Absorbent Capacity”) (g/g) versus Soil Leak Through (Lr) Value of known or commercially available fibrous structures/wipes and fibrous structures/wipes according to the present invention.
- Absorbent Capacity Liquid Absorptive Capacity
- FIG. 2 is a Pore Volume Distribution graph of various fibrous structures, including a fibrous structure according to the present invention, showing the Ending Pore Radius of from 2.5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m and the Capacity of Water in Pores;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of FIG. 3 taken along line 4 - 4 ;
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electromicrophotograph of a cross-section of another example of fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of an example of a patterned belt for use in a process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of an example of a filament-forming hole and fluid-releasing hole from a suitable die useful in making a fibrous structure according to the present invention
- FIG. 12 is an example of a pattern that can be imparted to a fibrous structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an example of a stack of fibrous structures in a tub.
- Fibrous structure as used herein means a structure that comprises one or more filaments and/or fibers.
- the fibrous structure is a wipe, such as a wet wipe, for example a baby wipe.
- a fibrous structure and “wipe” may be used interchangeably herein.
- a fibrous structure according to the present invention means an orderly arrangement of filaments and/or fibers within a structure in order to perform a function.
- a fibrous structure according to the present invention is a nonwoven.
- Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures include known wet-laid papermaking processes, air-laid papermaking processes including carded and/or spunlaced processes. Such processes typically include steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, either wet, more specifically aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with air as medium.
- the aqueous medium used for wet-laid processes is oftentimes referred to as a fiber slurry.
- the fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers onto a forming wire or belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and/or bonding the fibers together results in a fibrous structure.
- the fibrous structure may be carried out such that a finished fibrous structure is formed.
- the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, and may subsequently be converted into a finished product, e.g. a sanitary tissue product.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous or may be layered. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or at least five layers.
- the fibrous structure is a nonwoven.
- Nonwoven for purposes of the present invention as used herein and as defined by EDANA means a sheet of fibers, continuous filaments, or chopped yarns of any nature or origin, that have been formed into a web by any means, and bonded together by any means, with the exception of weaving or knitting. Felts obtained by wet milling are not nonwovens.
- Wetlaid webs are nonwovens provided that they contain a minimum of 50% by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibers of non-vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio that equals or exceeds 300 or a minimum of 30% by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibers of non-vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio that equals or exceeds 600 and a maximum apparent density of 0.40 g/cm 3 .
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may be co-formed fibrous structures.
- Co-formed fibrous structure as used herein means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials wherein at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as a fiber and/or a particulate.
- a co-formed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers and/or absorbent gel materials and/or filler particles and/or particulate spot bonding powders and/or clays, and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments.
- Solid additive as used herein means a fiber and/or a particulate.
- Porate as used herein means a granular substance or powder.
- Fiber and/or “Filament” as used herein means an elongate particulate having an apparent length greatly exceeding its apparent width, i.e. a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10.
- a “fiber” is an elongate particulate as described above that exhibits a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 in.) and a “filament” is an elongate particulate as described above that exhibits a length of greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 in.).
- Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature.
- Non-limiting examples of fibers include wood pulp fibers, rayon, which in turn includes but is not limited to viscose, lyocell, cotton; wool; silk; jute; linen; ramie; hemp; flax; camel hair; kenaf; and synthetic staple fibers made from polyester, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, copolymers of polyolefins such as polyethylene-octene, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyvinyl alcohol filaments, and polycaprolactone filaments.
- the fibers may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments
- Filaments are typically considered continuous or substantially continuous in nature. Filaments are relatively longer than fibers.
- Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and/or spunbond filaments.
- Non-limiting examples of materials that can be spun into filaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and synthetic polymers including, but not limited to, thermoplastic polymer filaments comprising thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene filaments, polyethylene filaments, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, sodium polyacrylate (absorbent gel material) filaments, and copolymers of polyolefins such as polyethylene-octene, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyviny
- fiber refers to papermaking fibers.
- Papermaking fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers.
- Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulfite, and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp.
- Chemical pulps may be preferred since they impart a superior tactile sense of softness to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “hardwood”) and coniferous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “softwood”) may be utilized.
- the hardwood and softwood fibers can be blended, or alternatively, can be deposited in layers to provide a stratified web.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,300,981 and 3,994,771 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of disclosing layering of hardwood and softwood fibers.
- fibers derived from recycled paper which may contain any or all of the above categories as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate the original papermaking.
- cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell and bagasse can be used in this invention.
- Other sources of cellulose in the form of fibers or capable of being spun into fibers include grasses and grain sources.
- “Sanitary tissue product” as used herein means a soft, low density (i.e. ⁇ about 0.15 g/cm 3 ) web useful as a wiping implement for post-urinary and post-bowel movement cleaning (toilet tissue), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (facial tissue), and multi-functional absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towels).
- suitable sanitary tissue products of the present invention include paper towels, bath tissue, facial tissue, napkins, baby wipes, adult wipes, wet wipes, cleaning wipes, polishing wipes, cosmetic wipes, car care wipes, wipes that comprise an active agent for performing a particular function, cleaning substrates for use with implements, such as a Swiffer® cleaning wipe/pad.
- the sanitary tissue product may be convolutedly wound upon itself about a core or without a core to form a sanitary tissue product roll.
- the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight between about 10 g/m 2 to about 120 g/m 2 and/or from about 15 g/m 2 to about 110 g/m 2 and/or from about 20 g/m 2 to about 100 g/m 2 and/or from about 30 to 90 g/m 2 .
- the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight between about 40 g/m 2 to about 120 g/m 2 and/or from about 50 g/m 2 to about 110 g/m 2 and/or from about 55 g/m 2 to about 105 g/m 2 and/or from about 60 to 100 g/m 2 .
- the sanitary tissue product exhibits a basis weight of less than 55 g/m 2 and/or less than 50 g/m 2 and/or less than 47 g/m 2 and/or less than 45 g/m 2 and/or less than 40 g/m 2 and/or less than 35 g/m 2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m 2 and/or greater than 25 g/m 2 and/or greater than 30 g/m 2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein.
- the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may exhibit a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of/or greater than 5.0 N and/or greater than 5.5 N and/or greater than 6.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein
- the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit a density (measured at 95 g/in 2 ) of less than about 0.60 g/cm 3 and/or less than about 0.30 g/cm 3 and/or less than about 0.20 g/cm 3 and/or less than about 0.10 g/cm 3 and/or less than about 0.07 g/cm 3 and/or less than about 0.05 g/cm 3 and/or from about 0.01 g/cm 3 to about 0.20 g/cm 3 and/or from about 0.02 g/cm 3 to about 0.10 g/cm 3 .
- the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise additives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents, permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, silicones, wetting agents, latexes, especially surface-pattern-applied latexes, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and/or on sanitary tissue products.
- additives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents, permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, silicones, wetting agents, latexes, especially surface-pattern-applied latexes, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and/or on sanitary tissue products.
- Weight average molecular weight as used herein means the weight average molecular weight as determined using gel permeation chromatography according to the protocol found in Colloids and Surfaces A. Physico Chemical & Engineering Aspects, Vol. 162, 2000, pg. 107-121.
- Basis Weight as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample reported in lbs/3000 ft 2 or g/m 2 (gsm).
- Stack refers to a neat pile of fibrous structures and/or wipes. Based upon the assumption that there are at least three wipes in a stack, each wipe, except for the topmost and bottommost wipes in the stack, will be directly in face to face contact with the wipe directly above and below itself in the stack. Moreover, when viewed from above, the wipes will be layered on top of each other, or superimposed, such that only the topmost wipe of the stack will be visible. The height of the stack is measured from the bottom of the bottommost wipe in the stack to the top of the topmost wipe in the stack and is provided in units of millimeters (mm).
- Liquid composition and “lotion” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any liquid, including, but not limited to a pure liquid such as water, an aqueous solution, a colloid, an emulsion, a suspension, a solution and mixtures thereof.
- aqueous solution refers to a solution that is at least about 20%, at least about 40%, or even at least about 50% water by weight, and is no more than about 95%, or no more than about 90% water by weight.
- the liquid composition comprises water or another liquid solvent.
- the liquid composition is of sufficiently low viscosity to impregnate the entire structure of the fibrous structure.
- the liquid composition may be primarily present at the fibrous structure surface and to a lesser extent in the inner structure of the fibrous structure.
- the liquid composition is releasably carried by the fibrous structure, that is the liquid composition is carried on or in the fibrous structure and is readily releasable from the fibrous structure by applying some force to the fibrous structure, for example by wiping a surface with the fibrous structure.
- liquid compositions used in the present invention are primarily although not limited to, oil in water emulsions.
- the liquid composition of the present invention comprises at least 80% and/or at least 85% and/or at least 90% and/or at least 95% by weight water.
- the liquid composition When present on or in the fibrous structure, the liquid composition may be present at a level of from about 10% to about 1000% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 100% to about 700% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 200% to about 500% and/or from about 200% to about 400% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure.
- the liquid composition may comprise an acid.
- acids that can be used in the liquid composition of the present invention are adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polymeric acids, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, fumaric acid and phthalic acid and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable polymeric acids can include homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers, and may contain at least 30 mole % carboxylic acid groups.
- suitable polymeric acids useful herein include straight-chain poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, both ionic and nonionic, (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acrylic copolymers), those cross-linked polyacrylic acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, preferably less than about 100,000 poly ( ⁇ -hydroxy) acids, poly (methacrylic) acid, and naturally occurring polymeric acids such as carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid.
- the liquid composition comprises citric acid and/or citric acid derivatives.
- the liquid composition may also contain salts of the acid or acids used to lower the pH, or another weak base to impart buffering properties to the fibrous structure.
- the buffering response is due to the equilibrium which is set up between the free acid and its salt. This allows the fibrous structure to maintain its overall pH despite encountering a relatively high amount of bodily waste as would be found post urination or defecation in a baby or adult.
- the acid salt would be sodium citrate.
- the amount of sodium citrate present in the lotion would be between 0.01 and 2.0%, alternatively 0.1 and 1.25%, or alternatively 0.2 and 0.7% of the lotion.
- the liquid composition does not contain any preservative compounds.
- the liquid composition may comprise addition ingredients.
- additional ingredients include: skin conditioning agents (emollients, humectants) including, waxes such as petrolatum, cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives, di and tri-glycerides including sunflower oil and sesame oil, silicone oils such as dimethicone copolyol, caprylyl glycol and acetoglycerides such as lanolin and its derivatives, emulsifiers; stabilizers; surfactants including anionic, amphoteric, cationic and non ionic surfactants, colourants, chelating agents including EDTA, sun screen agents, solubilizing agents, perfumes, opacifying agents, vitamins, viscosity modifiers; such as xanthan gum, astringents and external analgesics.
- skin conditioning agents emollients, humectants
- waxes such as petrolatum, cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives, di and tri-glycerides including sunflower oil and sesame oil, silicone oils
- Pre-moistened and “wet” are used interchangeably herein and refer to fibrous structures and/or wipes which are moistened with a liquid composition prior to packaging in a generally moisture impervious container or wrapper. Such pre-moistened wipes, which can also be referred to as “wet wipes” and “towelettes”, may be suitable for use in cleaning babies, as well as older children and adults.
- “Saturation loading” and “lotion loading” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the amount of liquid composition applied to the fibrous structure or wipe. In general, the amount of liquid composition applied may be chosen in order to provide maximum benefits to the end product comprised by the wipe. Saturation loading is typically expressed as grams of liquid composition per gram of dry wipe.
- Saturation loading is defined as the percentage of the dry fibrous structure or wipe's mass (void of any liquid composition) that a liquid composition present on/in the fibrous structure or wipe represents. For example, a saturation loading of 1.0 (equivalently, 100% saturation) indicates that the mass of liquid composition present on/in the fibrous structure or wipe is equal to the mass of dry fibrous structure or wipe (void of any liquid composition).
- SGI “Saturation gradient index” is a measure of how well the wipes at the top of a stack retain moisture.
- the SGI of a stack of wipes is measured as described infra and is calculated as the ratio of the average lotion load of the bottommost wipes in the stack versus the topmost wipes in the stack.
- the ideal stack of wipes will have an SGI of about 1.0; that is, the topmost wipes will be equally as moist as the bottommost wipes. In the aforementioned embodiments, the stacks have a SGI from about 1.0 to about 1.5.
- the saturation gradient index for a fibrous structure or wipe stack is calculated as the ratio of the saturation loading of a set number of fibrous structures or wipes from the bottom of a stack to that of the same number of fibrous structures or wipes from the top of the stack. For example, for an approximately 80 count wipe stack, the saturation gradient index is this ratio using 10 wipes from bottom and top; for an approximately 30 count wipe stack, 5 wipes from bottom and top are used; and for less than 30, only the top and bottom single wipes are used in the saturation gradient index calculation.
- the following equation illustrates the example of an 80 count stack saturation gradient index calculation:
- the saturation gradient index is significantly greater than 1.0, e.g. over about 1.5
- lotion is draining from the top of the stack and settling in the bottom of the container, such that there may be a noticeable difference in the wetness of the topmost fibrous structures or wipes in the stack compared to that of the fibrous structures or wipes nearest the bottom of the stack.
- a perfect tub of wipes would have a saturation gradient index of 1.0; the bottommost wipes and topmost wipes would maintain equivalent saturation loading during storage. Additional liquid composition would not be needed to supersaturate the wipes in an effort to keep all of the wipes moist, which typically results in the bottommost wipes being soggy.
- Percent moisture or “% moisture” or “moisture level” as used herein means 100 ⁇ (the ratio of the mass of water contained in a fibrous structure to the mass of the fibrous structure). The product of the above equation is reported as a %.
- “Surface tension” as used herein, refers to the force at the interface between a liquid composition and air. Surface tension is typically expressed in dynes per centimeter (dynes/cm).
- Surfactant refers to materials which preferably orient toward an interface.
- Surfactants include the various surfactants known in the art, including: nonionic surfactants; anionic surfactants; cationic surfactants; amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants; and mixtures thereof.
- “Visible” as used herein refers to being capable of being seen by the naked eye when viewed at a distance of 12 inches (in), or 30.48 centimeters (cm), under the unimpeded light of an ordinary incandescent 60 watt light bulb that is inserted in a fixture such as a table lamp. It follows that “visually distinct” as used herein refers to those features of nonwoven wipes, whether or not they are pre-moistened, that are readily visible and discernable when the wipe is subjected to normal use, such as the cleaning of a child's skin.
- Machine Direction or “MD” as used herein means the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment.
- Cross Machine Direction or “CD” as used herein means the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment and perpendicular to the machine direction.
- Ply as used herein means an individual, integral fibrous structure.
- Plies as used herein means two or more individual, integral fibrous structures disposed in a substantially contiguous, face-to-face relationship with one another, forming a multi-ply fibrous structure and/or multi-ply sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated that an individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multi-ply fibrous structure, for example, by being folded on itself.
- Total Pore Volume as used herein means the sum of the fluid holding void volume in each pore range from 2.5 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m radii as measured according to the Pore Volume Test Method described herein.
- Pore Volume Distribution as used herein means the distribution of fluid holding void volume as a function of pore radius. The Pore Volume Distribution of a fibrous structure is measured according to the Pore Volume Test Method described herein.
- component or composition levels are in reference to the active level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity higher than other known structured and/or textured fibrous structures as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
- FIG. 1 shows that the fibrous structures and/or wipes of the present invention comprise a novel combination of Liquid Absorptive Capacity and Soil Leak Through.
- FIG. 2 shows that the fibrous structures and/or wipes of the present invention exhibit novel pore volume distributions.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may comprise a plurality of filaments, a plurality of solid additives, such as fibers, and a mixture of filaments and solid additives.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show schematic representations of an example of a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention.
- the fibrous structure 10 may be a co-formed fibrous structure.
- the fibrous structure 10 comprises a plurality of filaments 12 , such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers 14 .
- the filaments 12 may be randomly arranged as a result of the process by which they are spun and/or formed into the fibrous structure 10 .
- the wood pulp fibers 14 may be randomly dispersed throughout the fibrous structure 10 in the x-y plane.
- the wood pulp fibers 14 may be non-randomly dispersed throughout the fibrous structure in the z-direction. In one example (not shown), the wood pulp fibers 14 are present at a higher concentration on one or more of the exterior, x-y plane surfaces than within the fibrous structure along the z-direction.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional, SEM microphotograph of another example of a fibrous structure 10 a in accordance with the present invention shows a fibrous structure 10 a comprising a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions 15 a and 15 b .
- the microregion 15 a (typically referred to as a “pillow”) exhibits a different value of a common intensive property than microregion 15 b (typically referred to as a “knuckle”).
- the microregion 15 b is a continuous or semi-continuous network and the microregion 15 a are discrete regions within the continuous or semi-continuous network.
- the common intensive property may be caliper.
- the common intensive property may be density.
- a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention is a layered fibrous structure 10 b .
- the layered fibrous structure 10 b comprises a first layer 16 comprising a plurality of filaments 12 , such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, in this example, wood pulp fibers 14 .
- the layered fibrous structure 10 b further comprises a second layer 18 comprising a plurality of filaments 20 , such as polypropylene filaments.
- the first and second layers 16 , 18 are sharply defined zones of concentration of the filaments and/or solid additives.
- the plurality of filaments 20 may be deposited directly onto a surface of the first layer 16 to form a layered fibrous structure that comprises the first and second layers 16 , 18 , respectively.
- the layered fibrous structure 10 b may comprise a third layer 22 , as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the third layer 22 may comprise a plurality of filaments 24 , which may be the same or different from the filaments 20 and/or 16 in the second 18 and/or first 16 layers.
- the first layer 16 is positioned, for example sandwiched, between the second layer 18 and the third layer 22 .
- the plurality of filaments 24 may be deposited directly onto a surface of the first layer 16 , opposite from the second layer, to form the layered fibrous structure 10 b that comprises the first, second and third layers 16 , 18 , 22 , respectively.
- the layered fibrous structure 10 c comprises a first layer 26 , a second layer 28 and optionally a third layer 30 .
- the first layer 26 comprises a plurality of filaments 12 , such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers 14 .
- the second layer 28 may comprise any suitable filaments, solid additives and/or polymeric films.
- the second layer 28 comprises a plurality of filaments 34 .
- the filaments 34 comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylalcohol derivatives and mixtures thereof.
- a fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise two outer layers consisting of 100% by weight filaments and an inner layer consisting of 100% by weight fibers.
- the material forming layers 26 , 28 and 30 may be in the form of plies wherein two or more of the plies may be combined to form a fibrous structure.
- the plies may be bonded together, such as by thermal bonding and/or adhesive bonding, to form a multi-ply fibrous structure.
- FIG. 8 Another example of a fibrous structure of the present invention in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 8 .
- the fibrous structure 10 d may comprise two or more plies, wherein one ply 36 comprises any suitable fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention, for example fibrous structure 10 as shown and described in FIGS. 3 and 4 and another ply 38 comprising any suitable fibrous structure, for example a fibrous structure comprising filaments 12 , such as polypropylene filaments.
- the fibrous structure of ply 38 may be in the form of a net and/or mesh and/or other structure that comprises pores that expose one or more portions of the fibrous structure 10 d to an external environment and/or at least to liquids that may come into contact, at least initially, with the fibrous structure of ply 38 .
- the fibrous structure 10 d may further comprise ply 40 .
- Ply 40 may comprise a fibrous structure comprising filaments 12 , such as polypropylene filaments, and may be the same or different from the fibrous structure of ply 38 .
- Two or more of the plies 36 , 38 and 40 may be bonded together, such as by thermal bonding and/or adhesive bonding, to form a multi-ply fibrous structure. After a bonding operation, especially a thermal bonding operation, it may be difficult to distinguish the plies of the fibrous structure 10 d and the fibrous structure 10 d may visually and/or physically be a similar to a layered fibrous structure in that one would have difficulty separating the once individual plies from each other.
- ply 36 may comprise a fibrous structure that exhibits a basis weight of at least about 15 g/m 2 and/or at least about 20 g/m 2 and/or at least about 25 g/m 2 and/or at least about 30 g/m 2 up to about 120 g/m 2 and/or 100 g/m 2 and/or 80 g/m 2 and/or 60 g/m 2 and the plies 38 and 42 , when present, independently and individually, may comprise fibrous structures that exhibit basis weights of less than about 10 g/m 2 and/or less than about 7 g/m 2 and/or less than about 5 g/m 2 and/or less than about 3 g/m 2 and/or less than about 2 g/m 2 and/or to about 0 g/m 2 and/or 0.5 g/m 2 .
- Plies 38 and 40 when present, may help retain the solid additives, in this case the wood pulp fibers 14 , on and/or within the fibrous structure of ply 36 thus reducing lint and/or dust (as compared to a single-ply fibrous structure comprising the fibrous structure of ply 36 without the plies 38 and 40 ) resulting from the wood pulp fibers 14 becoming free from the fibrous structure of ply 36 .
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may comprise any suitable amount of filaments and any suitable amount of solid additives.
- the fibrous structures may comprise from about 10% to about 70% and/or from about 20% to about 60% and/or from about 30% to about 50% by dry weight of the fibrous structure of filaments and from about 90% to about 30% and/or from about 80% to about 40% and/or from about 70% to about 50% by dry weight of the fibrous structure of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments.
- the filaments and solid additives of the present invention may be present in fibrous structures according to the present invention at weight ratios of filaments to solid additives of from at least about 1:1 and/or at least about 1:1.5 and/or at least about 1:2 and/or at least about 1:2.5 and/or at least about 1:3 and/or at least about 1:4 and/or at least about 1:5 and/or at least about 1:7 and/or at least about 1:10.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention and/or any sanitary tissue products comprising such fibrous structures may be subjected to any post-processing operations such as embossing operations, printing operations, tuft-generating operations, thermal bonding operations, ultrasonic bonding operations, perforating operations, surface treatment operations such as application of lotions, silicones and/or other materials, folding, and mixtures thereof.
- post-processing operations such as embossing operations, printing operations, tuft-generating operations, thermal bonding operations, ultrasonic bonding operations, perforating operations, surface treatment operations such as application of lotions, silicones and/or other materials, folding, and mixtures thereof.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable polypropylenes for making the filaments of the present invention are commercially available from Lyondell-Basell and Exxon-Mobil.
- Any hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic materials within the fibrous structure, such as polypropylene filaments, may be surface treated and/or melt treated with a hydrophilic modifier.
- surface treating hydrophilic modifiers include surfactants, such as Triton X-100.
- melt treating hydrophilic modifiers that are added to the melt, such as the polypropylene melt, prior to spinning filaments include hydrophilic modifying melt additives such as VW351 and/or S-1416 commercially available from Polyvel, Inc. and Irgasurf commercially available from Ciba.
- the hydrophilic modifier may be associated with the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material at any suitable level known in the art.
- the hydrophilic modifier is associated with the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material at a level of less than about 20% and/or less than about 15% and/or less than about 10% and/or less than about 5% and/or less than about 3% to about 0% by dry weight of the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may include optional additives, each, when present, at individual levels of from about 0% and/or from about 0.01% and/or from about 0.1% and/or from about 1% and/or from about 2% to about 95% and/or to about 80% and/or to about 50% and/or to about 30% and/or to about 20% by dry weight of the fibrous structure.
- Non-limiting examples of optional additives include permanent wet strength agents, temporary wet strength agents, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and/or starch, softening agents, lint reducing agents, opacity increasing agents, wetting agents, odor absorbing agents, perfumes, temperature indicating agents, color agents, dyes, osmotic materials, microbial growth detection agents, antibacterial agents and mixtures thereof.
- the fibrous structure of the present invention may itself be a sanitary tissue product. It may be convolutedly wound about a core to form a roll. It may be combined with one or more other fibrous structures as a ply to form a multi-ply sanitary tissue product.
- a co-formed fibrous structure of the present invention may be convolutedly wound about a core to form a roll of co-formed sanitary tissue product.
- the rolls of sanitary tissue products may also be coreless.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/g and/or at least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/g and/or at least 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/g and/or to about 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
- wipe may be a general term to describe a piece of material, generally non-woven material, used in cleansing hard surfaces, food, inanimate objects, toys and body parts.
- many currently available wipes may be intended for the cleansing of the perianal area after defecation.
- Other wipes may be available for the cleansing of the face or other body parts.
- Multiple wipes may be attached together by any suitable method to form a mitt.
- the material from which a wipe is made should be strong enough to resist tearing during normal use, yet still provide softness to the user's skin, such as a child's tender skin. Additionally, the material should be at least capable of retaining its form for the duration of the user's cleansing experience.
- Wipes may be generally of sufficient dimension to allow for convenient handling.
- the wipe may be cut and/or folded to such dimensions as part of the manufacturing process.
- the wipe may be cut into individual portions so as to provide separate wipes which are often stacked and interleaved in consumer packaging.
- the wipes may be in a web form where the web has been slit and folded to a predetermined width and provided with means (e.g., perforations) to allow individual wipes to be separated from the web by a user.
- an individual wipe may have a length between about 100 mm and about 250 mm and a width between about 140 mm and about 250 mm.
- the wipe may be about 200 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 180 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 170 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 160 mm long and about 175 mm wide.
- the material of the wipe may generally be soft and flexible, potentially having a structured surface to enhance its cleaning performance.
- the wipe may be a laminate of two or more materials. Commercially available laminates, or purposely built laminates would be within the scope of the present invention.
- the laminated materials may be joined or bonded together in any suitable fashion, such as, but not limited to, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive, glue, fusion bonding, heat bonding, thermal bonding and combinations thereof.
- the wipe may be a laminate comprising one or more layers of nonwoven materials and one or more layers of film. Examples of such optional films, include, but are not limited to, polyolefin films, such as, polyethylene film.
- An illustrative, but non-limiting example of a nonwoven material which is a laminate is a laminate of a 16 gsm nonwoven polypropylene and a 0.8 mm 20 gsm polyethylene film.
- the wipes may also be treated to improve the softness and texture thereof by processes such as hydroentanglement or spunlacing.
- the wipes may be subjected to various treatments, such as, but not limited to, physical treatment, such as ring rolling, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,679; structural elongation, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,801; consolidation, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,914,084, 6,114,263, 6,129,801 and 6,383,431; stretch aperturing, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097, 5,658,639 and 5,916,661; differential elongation, as described in WO Publication No.
- the wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 30 grams/m 2 and/or at least about 35 grams/m 2 and/or at least about 40 grams/m 2 . In one example, the wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 45 grams/m 2 . In another example, the wipe basis weight may be less than about 100 grams/m 2 . In another example, wipes may have a basis weight between about 45 grams/m 2 and about 75 grams/m 2 , and in yet another embodiment a basis weight between about 45 grams/m 2 and about 65 grams/m 2 .
- the surface of wipe may be essentially flat.
- the surface of the wipe may optionally contain raised and/or lowered portions. These can be in the form of logos, indicia, trademarks, geometric patterns, images of the surfaces that the substrate is intended to clean (i.e., infant's body, face, etc.). They may be randomly arranged on the surface of the wipe or be in a repetitive pattern of some form.
- the wipe may be biodegradable.
- the wipe could be made from a biodegradable material such as a polyesteramide, or high wet strength cellulose.
- the fibrous structure comprises a pre-moistened wipe, such as a baby wipe.
- a plurality of the pre-moistened wipes may be stacked one on top of the other and may be contained in a container, such as a plastic tub or a film wrapper.
- the stack of pre-moistened wipes (typically about 40 to 80 wipes/stack) may exhibit a height of from about 50 to about 300 mm and/or from about 75 to about 125 mm.
- the pre-moistened wipes may comprise a liquid composition, such as a lotion.
- the pre-moistened wipes may be stored long term in a stack in a liquid impervious container or film pouch without all of the lotion draining from the top of the stack to the bottom of the stack.
- the pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/g and/or at least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/g and/or at least 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/g and/or to about 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
- the pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a saturation loading (g liquid composition to g of dry wipe) of from about 1.5 to about 6.0 g/g.
- the liquid composition may exhibit a surface tension of from about 20 to about 35 and/or from about 28 to about 32 dynes/cm.
- the pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a dynamic absorption time (DAT) from about 0.01 to about 0.4 and/or from about 0.01 to about 0.2 and/or from about 0.03 to about 0.1 seconds as measured according to the Dynamic Absorption Time Test Method described herein.
- DAT dynamic absorption time
- the pre-moistened wipes are present in a stack of pre-moistened wipes that exhibits a height of from about 50 to about 300 mm and/or from about 75 to about 200 mm and/or from about 75 to about 125 mm, wherein the stack of pre-moistened wipes exhibits a saturation gradient index of from about 1.0 to about 2.0 and/or from about 1.0 to about 1.7 and/or from about 1.0 to about 1.5.
- the fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may be saturation loaded with a liquid composition to form a pre-moistened fibrous structure or wipe.
- the loading may occur individually, or after the fibrous structures or wipes are place in a stack, such as within a liquid impervious container or packet.
- the pre-moistened wipes may be saturation loaded with from about 1.5 g to about 6.0 g and/or from about 2.5 g to about 4.0 g of liquid composition per g of wipe.
- the fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may be placed in the interior of a container, which may be liquid impervious, such as a plastic tub or a sealable packet, for storage and eventual sale to the consumer.
- the wipes may be folded and stacked.
- the wipes of the present invention may be folded in any of various known folding patterns, such as C-folding, Z-folding and quarter-folding. Use of a Z-fold pattern may enable a folded stack of wipes to be interleaved with overlapping portions.
- the wipes may include a continuous strip of material which has perforations between each wipe and which may be arranged in a stack or wound into a roll for dispensing, one after the other, from a container, which may be liquid impervious.
- the fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may further comprise prints, which may provide aesthetic appeal.
- prints include figures, patterns, letters, pictures and combinations thereof.
- Table 1 sets forth properties of known and/or commercially available fibrous structures and two fibrous structures in accordance with the present invention.
- Table 2 sets forth the average pore volume distributions of known and/or commercially available fibrous structures and a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9 A non-limiting example of a method for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention is represented in FIG. 9 .
- the method shown in FIG. 9 comprises the step of mixing a plurality of solid additives 14 with a plurality of filaments 12 .
- the solid additives 14 are wood pulp fibers, such as SSK fibers and/or Eucalyptus fibers, and the filaments 12 are polypropylene filaments.
- the solid additives 14 may be combined with the filaments 12 , such as by being delivered to a stream of filaments 12 from a hammermill 42 via a solid additive spreader 44 to form a mixture of filaments 12 and solid additives 14 .
- the filaments 12 may be created by meltblowing from a meltblow die 46 .
- the mixture of solid additives 14 and filaments 12 are collected on a collection device, such as a belt 48 to form a fibrous structure 50 .
- the collection device may be a patterned and/or molded belt that results in the fibrous structure exhibiting a surface pattern, such as a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions.
- the molded belt may have a three-dimensional pattern on it that gets imparted to the fibrous structure 50 during the process.
- the patterned belt 52 as shown in FIG. 10 , may comprise a reinforcing structure, such as a fabric 54 , upon which a polymer resin 56 is applied in a pattern.
- the pattern may comprise a continuous or semi-continuous network 58 of the polymer resin 56 within which one or more discrete conduits 60 are arranged.
- the fibrous structures are made using a die comprising at least one filament-forming hole, and/or 2 or more and/or 3 or more rows of filament-forming holes from which filaments are spun. At least one row of holes contains 2 or more and/or 3 or more and/or 10 or more filament-forming holes.
- the die comprises fluid-releasing holes, such as gas-releasing holes, in one example air-releasing holes, that provide attenuation to the filaments formed from the filament-forming holes.
- One or more fluid-releasing holes may be associated with a filament-forming hole such that the fluid exiting the fluid-releasing hole is parallel or substantially parallel (rather than angled like a knife-edge die) to an exterior surface of a filament exiting the filament-forming hole.
- the fluid exiting the fluid-releasing hole contacts the exterior surface of a filament formed from a filament-forming hole at an angle of less than 30° and/or less than 20° and/or less than 10° and/or less than 5° and/or about 0°.
- One or more fluid releasing holes may be arranged around a filament-forming hole.
- one or more fluid-releasing holes are associated with a single filament-forming hole such that the fluid exiting the one or more fluid releasing holes contacts the exterior surface of a single filament formed from the single filament-forming hole.
- the fluid-releasing hole permits a fluid, such as a gas, for example air, to contact the exterior surface of a filament formed from a filament-forming hole rather than contacting an inner surface of a filament, such as what happens when a hollow filament is formed.
- the die comprises a filament-forming hole positioned within a fluid-releasing hole.
- the fluid-releasing hole 62 may be concentrically or substantially concentrically positioned around a filament-forming hole 64 such as is shown in FIG. 11 .
- the fibrous structure 50 may be calendered, for example, while the fibrous structure is still on the collection device.
- the fibrous structure 50 may be subjected to post-processing operations such as embossing, thermal bonding, tuft-generating operations, moisture-imparting operations, and surface treating operations to form a finished fibrous structure.
- post-processing operations such as embossing, thermal bonding, tuft-generating operations, moisture-imparting operations, and surface treating operations to form a finished fibrous structure.
- a surface treating operation that the fibrous structure may be subjected to is the surface application of an elastomeric binder, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), latexes, and other elastomeric binders.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- Such an elastomeric binder may aid in reducing the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers.
- the elastomeric binder may be applied to one or more surfaces of the fibrous structure in a pattern, especially a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions, or in a manner that covers or substantially covers the entire surface(s) of the fibrous structure.
- the fibrous structure 50 and/or the finished fibrous structure may be combined with one or more other fibrous structures.
- another fibrous structure such as a filament-containing fibrous structure, such as a polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be associated with a surface of the fibrous structure 50 and/or the finished fibrous structure.
- the polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be formed by meltblowing polypropylene filaments (filaments that comprise a second polymer that may be the same or different from the polymer of the filaments in the fibrous structure 50 ) onto a surface of the fibrous structure 50 and/or finished fibrous structure.
- the polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be formed by meltblowing filaments comprising a second polymer that may be the same or different from the polymer of the filaments in the fibrous structure 50 onto a collection device to form the polypropylene filament fibrous structure.
- the polypropylene filament fibrous structure may then be combined with the fibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure to make a two-ply fibrous structure—three-ply if the fibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure is positioned between two plies of the polypropylene filament fibrous structure like that shown in FIG. 6 for example.
- the polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be thermally bonded to the fibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure via a thermal bonding operation.
- the fibrous structure 50 and/or finished fibrous structure may be combined with a filament-containing fibrous structure such that the filament-containing fibrous structure, such as a polysaccharide filament fibrous structure, such as a starch filament fibrous structure, is positioned between two fibrous structures 50 or two finished fibrous structures like that shown in FIG. 8 for example.
- a filament-containing fibrous structure such as a polysaccharide filament fibrous structure, such as a starch filament fibrous structure
- the method for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention comprises the step of combining a plurality of filaments and optionally, a plurality of solid additives to form a fibrous structure that exhibits the properties of the fibrous structures of the present invention described herein.
- the filaments comprise thermoplastic filaments.
- the filaments comprise polypropylene filaments.
- the filaments comprise natural polymer filaments.
- the method may further comprise subjecting the fibrous structure to one or more processing operations, such as calendaring the fibrous structure.
- the method further comprises the step of depositing the filaments onto a patterned belt that creates a non-random, repeating pattern of micro regions.
- two plies of fibrous structure 50 comprising a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions may be associated with one another such that protruding microregions, such as pillows, face inward into the two-ply fibrous structure formed.
- the process for making fibrous structure 50 may be close coupled (where the fibrous structure is convolutedly wound into a roll prior to proceeding to a converting operation) or directly coupled (where the fibrous structure is not convolutedly wound into a roll prior to proceeding to a converting operation) with a converting operation to emboss, print, deform, surface treat, thermal bond, cut, stack or other post-forming operation known to those in the art.
- direct coupling means that the fibrous structure 50 can proceed directly into a converting operation rather than, for example, being convolutedly wound into a roll and then unwound to proceed through a converting operation.
- the fibrous structure is embossed, cut into sheets, and collected in stacks of fibrous structures.
- the process of the present invention may include preparing individual rolls and/or sheets and/or stacks of sheets of fibrous structure and/or sanitary tissue product comprising such fibrous structure(s) that are suitable for consumer use.
- a 20%:27.5%47.5%:5% blend of Lyondell-Basell PH835 polypropylene Lyondell-Basell Metocene MF650W polypropylene:Exxon-Mobil PP3546 polypropylene:Polyvel S-1416 wetting agent is dry blended, to form a melt blend.
- the melt blend is heated to 475° F. through a melt extruder.
- the solid additive spreader turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulp fibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injected into the meltblown filaments in a perpendicular fashion (with respect to the flow of the meltblown filaments) through a 4 inch ⁇ 15 inch cross-direction (CD) slot.
- a forming box surrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers are commingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of air allowed to enter or escape from this commingling area; however, there is an additional 4 inch ⁇ 15 inch spreader opposite the solid additive spreader designed to add cooling air. Approximately 1000 SCFM of air at approximately 80° F. is added through this additional spreader.
- the fibrous structure formed by this process comprises about 75% by dry fibrous structure weight of pulp and about 25% by dry fibrous structure weight of meltblown filaments.
- meltblown layer of the meltblown filaments can be added to one or both sides of the above formed fibrous structure.
- This addition of the meltblown layer can help reduce the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers and is preferably performed prior to any thermal bonding operation of the fibrous structure.
- the meltblown filaments for the exterior layers can be the same or different than the meltblown filaments used on the opposite layer or in the center layer(s).
- the fibrous structure may be convolutedly wound to form a roll of fibrous structure.
- the end edges of the roll of fibrous structure may be contacted with a material to create bond regions.
- a 20%:27.5%47.5%:5% blend of Lyondell-Basell PH835 polypropylene Lyondell-Basell Metocene MF650W polypropylene:Exxon-Mobil PP3546 polypropylene:Polyvel S-1416 wetting agent is dry blended, to form a melt blend.
- the melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a melt extruder.
- Approximately 0.21 grams per hole per minute (ghm) of the melt blend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments from the melt blend.
- Approximately 500 SCFM of compressed air is heated such that the air exhibits a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette.
- Approximately 1000 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825 semi-treated SSK pulp is defibrillated through a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers (solid additive).
- Air at a temperature of about 90° F. and about 75% relative humidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill.
- Approximately 2000 SCFM of air carries the pulp fibers to two solid additive spreaders.
- the solid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulp fibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injected into the meltblown filaments in a perpendicular fashion (with respect to the flow of the filaments) through two 4 inch ⁇ 15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots.
- a forming box surrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers are commingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of air allowed to enter or escape from this commingling area.
- the two slots are oriented opposite of one another on opposite sides of the meltblown filament spinnerette.
- a forming vacuum pulls air through a collection device, such as a non-patterned forming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to form a fibrous structure.
- the fibrous structure formed by this process comprises about 80% by dry fibrous structure weight of pulp and about 20% by dry fibrous structure weight of meltblown filaments.
- meltblown layer of the meltblown filaments can be added to one or both sides of the above formed fibrous structure.
- This addition of the meltblown layer can help reduce the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers and is preferably performed prior to any thermal bonding operation of the fibrous structure.
- the meltblown filaments for the exterior layers can be the same or different than the meltblown filaments used on the opposite layer or in the center layer(s).
- the fibrous structure may be convolutedly wound to form a roll of fibrous structure.
- the end edges of the roll of fibrous structure may be contacted with a material to create bond regions.
- a pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows.
- a fibrous structure of the present invention of about 44 g/m 2 that comprises a thermal bonded pattern as shown in FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 358% of the basis weight of the wipe.
- the wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown in FIG. 13 .
- a pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows.
- a fibrous structure of the present invention of about 61 g/m 2 that comprises a thermal bonded pattern as shown in FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347% of the basis weight of the wipe.
- the wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown in FIG. 13 .
- a pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows.
- a fibrous structure of the present invention generally made as described above in the second non-limiting process example exhibits a basis weight of about 65 g/m 2 and comprises a thermal bond pattern as shown in FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347% of the basis weight of the wipe.
- the wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown in FIG. 13 .
- the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a liquid composition such that the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits a moisture level of about 100% or greater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe
- the following pre-conditioning procedure needs to be performed on the fibrous structure or wipe before testing.
- the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a liquid composition such that the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits a moisture level of less than about 100% by weight but greater than about 10% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe
- a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture level of about 100% or greater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe use the following procedure.
- Fully saturate the fibrous structure or wipe by immersing the fibrous structure or wipe sequentially in 2 L of fresh distilled water in each of 5 buckets, where the water is at a temperature of 23° C. ⁇ 2.2° C.
- the fibrous structure or wipe After the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits less than 3% moisture, remove from the oven and allow the fibrous structure or wipe to equilibrate to about 23° C. ⁇ 2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50% ⁇ 10% for 24 hours prior to the testing. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the fibrous structure and/or wipe is not compressed.
- the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a moisture level of 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, then the following pre-conditioning procedure needs to be performed on the fibrous structure or wipe prior to testing. If the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a moisture level of about 100% or greater, then the following pre-conditioning procedure is not performed on the fibrous structure or wipe.
- a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture level of 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe
- the fibrous structure or wipe After the fibrous structure or wipe is saturation loaded to a 3.5 g/g saturation loading, allow the fibrous structure or wipe to equilibrate to about 23° C. ⁇ 2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50% ⁇ 10% for 24 hours prior to the testing. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the fibrous structure and/or wipe is not compressed.
- the following method which is modeled after EDANA 10.4-02, is suitable to measure the Liquid Absorptive Capacity of any fibrous structure or wipe.
- Liquid Absorptive Capacity is reported in units of grams of liquid composition per gram of the fibrous structure or wipe being tested. Liquid Absorptive Capacity is calculated as follows for each test that is conducted:
- LiquidAbsorptive ⁇ Capacity M X - M i M i
- M i is the mass in grams of the test piece(s) prior to starting the test
- M X is the mass in grams of the same after conclusion of the test procedure.
- Liquid Absorptive Capacity is typically reported as the numerical average of at least five tests per sample.
- Pore Volume Distribution measurements are made on a TRI/Autoporosimeter (TRI/Princeton Inc. of Princeton, N.J.).
- the TRI/Autoporosimeter is an automated computer-controlled instrument for measuring pore volume distributions in porous materials (e.g., the volumes of different size pores within the range from 2.5 to 1000 ⁇ m effective pore radii).
- Complimentary Automated Instrument Software, Release 2000.1, and Data Treatment Software, Release 2000.1 is used to capture, analyze and output the data. More information on the TRI/Autoporosimeter, its operation and data treatments can be found in The Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 162 (1994), pgs 163-170, incorporated here by reference.
- determining Pore Volume Distribution involves recording the increment of liquid that enters a porous material as the surrounding air pressure changes.
- a sample in the test chamber is exposed to precisely controlled changes in air pressure.
- the size (radius) of the largest pore able to hold liquid is a function of the air pressure.
- different size pore groups drain (absorb) liquid.
- the pore volume of each group is equal to this amount of liquid, as measured by the instrument at the corresponding pressure.
- the effective radius of a pore is related to the pressure differential by the following relationship.
- pores are thought of in terms such as voids, holes or conduits in a porous material. It is important to note that this method uses the above equation to calculate effective pore radii based on the constants and equipment controlled pressures. The above equation assumes uniform cylindrical pores. Usually, the pores in natural and manufactured porous materials are not perfectly cylindrical, nor all uniform. Therefore, the effective radii reported here may not equate exactly to measurements of void dimensions obtained by other methods such as microscopy. However, these measurements do provide an accepted means to characterize relative differences in void structure between materials.
- the equipment operates by changing the test chamber air pressure in user-specified increments, either by decreasing pressure (increasing pore size) to absorb liquid, or increasing pressure (decreasing pore size) to drain liquid.
- the liquid volume absorbed at each pressure increment is the cumulative volume for the group of all pores between the preceding pressure setting and the current setting.
- the liquid is a 0.2 weight % solution of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100 from Union Carbide Chemical and Plastics Co. of Danbury, Conn.) in 99.8 weight % distilled water (specific gravity of solution is about 1.0).
- a 0.22 ⁇ m Millipore Glass Filter (Millipore Corporation of Bedford, Mass.; Catalog #GSWP09025) is employed on the test chamber's porous plate.
- a plexiglass plate weighing about 24 g (supplied with the instrument) is placed on the sample to ensure the sample rests flat on the Millipore Filter. No additional weight is placed on the sample.
- the sequence of pore sizes (pressures) for this application is as follows (effective pore radius in ⁇ m): 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000.
- This sequence starts with the fibrous structure or wipe sample dry and saturates it as the pore settings increase (typically referred to with respect to the procedure and instrument as the 1 st absorption).
- a blank condition (no sample between a plexiglass plate and Millipore Filter) is run to account for any surface and/or edge effects within the test chamber. Any pore volume measured for this blank condition is subtracted from the applicable pore grouping of the fibrous structure or wipe sample being tested. If upon subtracting the blank condition the result is 0 or negative then report a 0 for that pore range.
- This data treatment can be accomplished manually or with the available TRI/Autoporosimeter Data Treatment Software, Release 2000.1.
- Percent (%) Total Pore Volume is a percentage calculated by taking the volume of fluid in the specific pore radii range divided by the Total Pore Volume.
- the TRI/Autoporosimeter outputs the volume of fluid within a range of pore radii.
- the first data obtained is for the “5.0 micron” pore radii which includes fluid absorbed between the pore sizes of 2.5 to 5.0 micron radius.
- the next data obtained is for “10 micron” pore radii, which includes fluid absorbed between the 5.0 to 10 micron radii, and so on.
- % Total Pore Volume 91-140 micron pore radii (volume of fluid between 91-140 micron pore radii)/Total Pore Volume.
- Total Pore Volume is the sum of all volumes of fluid between 2.5 micron and 1000 micron pore radii.
- Basis weight is measured prior to the application of any end-use lotion, cleaning solution, or other liquid composition, etc. to the fibrous structure or wipe, and follows a modified EDANA 40.3-90 (February 1996) method as described herein below.
- Basis ⁇ Weight Mass ⁇ of ⁇ Test ⁇ Piece ⁇ ( g ) Area ⁇ of ⁇ Test ⁇ Piece ⁇ ( m 2 ) ( 1 )
- DAT provides a measure of the ability of the fibrous structure or wipe to absorb a test liquid and the time it takes for the test liquid to be absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe, which is in turn used as a measure of how well a fibrous structure or wipe will absorb liquid into the fibrous structure or wipe.
- the DAT test method measures the dimensions of a drop of a liquid composition, in this case a drop of a lotion, from the moment it is in contact with a fibrous structure or wipe to when the drop is absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe.
- the method also measures the rate of change of the dimensions of the drop with respect to time. Fibrous structures or wipes characterized by low DAT and low initial contact angle values may be more absorbent than those characterized by higher DAT and/or higher initial contact angle values.
- DAT Fibro 1100 Dynamic Absorbency Test (DAT) measurements of a fibrous structure or wipe are made utilizing a Thwing Albert DAT Fibro 1100 (Thwing Albert, PA).
- the DAT Fibro 1100 is an automated computer-controlled instrument for measuring contact angle of a drop of a liquid composition on porous materials and the time it takes for the drop of a liquid composition to absorb into the fibrous structure or wipe.
- Contact angle refers to the angle formed by the fibrous structure or wipe and the tangent to the surface of the liquid composition drop in contact with the fibrous structure or wipe. More information on absorbency of sheet materials using an automated contact angle tester can be found in ASTM D 5725-95.
- the DAT contact angle measurements provide a means that is used in the art to characterize relative differences in absorbent properties of materials.
- the equipment operates by controlling the volume and the ejection pulse of a small drop of a liquid composition discharged directly onto the surface of a fibrous structure or wipe.
- the height, base and angle produced as the liquid composition drop settles and becomes absorbed into the fibrous structure or wipe are determined based on an internal calibrated gray scale.
- a DAT Fibro 1100 series model (high speed camera resolution for porous absorbent paper substrates) is calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions and using a .292 calibration sled.
- the instrument is set to discharge a 4 microliter ( ⁇ L) drop of a liquid composition, a stroke pulse of 8, cannula tip of 340, drop bottom of 208, and paper position of 134.
- the fibrous structure or wipe samples to be tested are cut to approximately 0.5 inches in length and not exceeding the width of the sample sled associated with the testing equipment.
- the fibrous structure or wipe samples are cut along the MD direction of the fibrous structure or wipe to minimize neckdown and structural changes during handling.
- the fibrous structure or wipe samples as well as the liquid composition(s) to be dropped onto the fibrous structures or wipes are allowed to equilibrate to 23° ⁇ 2.2° C. and 50% relative humidity for at least 4 hours.
- the liquid composition(s) are prepared by filling a clean dry syringe (0.9 mm diameter, part #1100406, Thwing Albert) at least half way.
- the syringe should be rinsed with the liquid composition of interest prior to the test and this can be achieved by filling/emptying the syringe 3 consecutive times with the liquid composition.
- the liquid composition used is an aqueous composition that contains distilled water and a nonionic surfactant; namely, Triton® X 100, which is commercially available from Dow Chemical Company, at levels to result in the aqueous composition exhibiting a surface tension of 30 dynes/cm.
- the fibrous structure or wipe and the liquid composition are loaded into the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the controlling software is designed to eject the liquid composition onto the fibrous structure or wipe and measure the following parameters: time for the liquid composition to absorb into fibrous structure or wipe, contact angle, base, height, and volume.
- a total of 10 measurements of the time the liquid composition drop takes to be absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe for each side of the fibrous structure or wipe are made.
- the reported DAT value (in seconds) is the average of the 20 measurements (10 from each side) of a fibrous structure or wipe.
- the following method is used to measure the soil leak through value for a fibrous structure or wipe.
- test composition to be used in the soil leak through test.
- the test composition is prepared by weighing out 8.6 g of Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix (available from WalMart—do not use LowCal or Sugar Free pudding mix). Add 10 mL of distilled water to the 8.6 g of mix. Stir the mix until smooth to form the pudding. Cover the pudding and let stand at 23° C. ⁇ 2.2° C. for 2 hours before use to allow thorough hydration of the pudding mix.
- the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix can be purchased at http://www.walmart.com/ip/Great-Value-Chocolate-Instant-Pudding-3.9-oz/10534173.
- the ingredients listed on the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix are the following: Sugar, Modified Food Starch, Dextrose, Cocoa Powder Processed With Alkali, Disodium Phosphate, Contains 2% Or Less Of Nonfat Dry Milk, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Salt, Natural And Artificial Flavoring, Mono- And Diglycerides (Prevent Foaming), Palm Oil, Red 40, Yellow 5, Blue 1. Titanium Dioxide (For Color). Allergy Warning: Contains Milk. May Contain Traces Of Eggs, Almonds, coconut, Pecans, Pistachios, Peanuts, Wheat And Soy.
- test composition Transfer the test composition to a syringe using a sterile tongue depressor for ease of handling.
- Tare weight of a piece of wax paper Tare weight of a piece of wax paper.
- the basis weight of the wax paper is about 35 gsm to about 40 gsm.
- Wax paper is supplied from the Reynolds Company under the Cut-Rite brand name. Weigh out 0.6 ⁇ 0.05 g of the test composition on the wax paper.
- each test sample of fibrous structure or wipe to be analyzed is then analyzed using a Hunter Color Lab instrument.
- the reported Soil Leak Through Lr Value is the difference in the L color value from the Hunter Color Lab between the control sample and the test sample of the fibrous structure or wipe.
- a Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 20 and/or less than 15 and/or less than 10 and/or less than 5 and/or less than 2 is desirable. The lower the value, the more the fibrous structure or wipe prevents soil leak through.
- a suitable equivalent to the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix test composition can be made by the following procedure for use in the test method described above.
- a test composition for testing purposes is prepared.
- a dry powder mix is first made.
- the dry powder mix comprises dehydrated tomato dices (Harmony House or NorthBay); dehydrated spinach flakes (Harmony House or NorthBay); dehydrated cabbage (Harmony House or NorthBay); whole psyllium husk (available from Now Healthy Foods that has to be sieved with 600 ⁇ m cutoff to collect greater than 600 ⁇ m particles and then ground to collect 250-300 ⁇ m particles) (alternatively available from Barry Farm as a powder that has to be sieved to collect 250-300 ⁇ m particles); palmitic acid (95% Alfa Aeser B20322); and calcium stearate (Alfa Aeser 39423).
- food grade yeast powders commercially available as Provesta® 000 and Ohly® HTC (both commercially available from Ohly Americas, Hutchinson, Minn.).
- an IKA A11 basic grinder (commercially available from VWR or Rose Scientific LTD) is used. To grind the vegetables, add the vegetable flakes to the grinding bowl. Fill to the mark (within the metal cup, do not over fill). Power on for 5 seconds. Stop. Tap powder 5 times. Repeat power on (for 5 seconds), stop and tap powder (5 times) procedure 4 more times. Sieve the ground powder by stacking a 600 ⁇ m opening sieve on top of a 300 ⁇ m opening sieve such that powders of 300 ⁇ m or less are collected. Regrind any remaining powders that are larger than 300 ⁇ m one time. Collect powders of 300 ⁇ m or less.
- test composition is prepared by mixing the above identified ingredients in the following levels in Table 3 below.
- the palmitic acid/calcium stearate blend is prepared by grinding together and collecting powders of 300 ⁇ m or less from a blend of 20.0005 g palmitic acid and 10.006 g calcium stearate.
- test composition 21 g of distilled water at 23° C. ⁇ 2.2° C. is added to every 9 g of the soil powder premix described above in Table 3 used in a suitable container.
- a tongue depressor is used to stir the composition until the composition, which may be a paste, is homogeneous, about 2 minutes of stirring. Cover the container loosely with a piece of aluminum foil and let stand for 2 hours at 23° ⁇ 2.2° C.
- the test composition is ready for use in the soil leak through test.
- the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of a fibrous structure or wipe is determined using a modified EDANA 20.2.89 method, which generally sets forth the following test method.
- the lotion release of a fibrous structure or wipe is determined by wiping the fibrous structure or wipe over a defined area, using a defined pressure and default speed of the instrument.
- a wiping apparatus capable of simulating a wiping process is used.
- a suitable wiping apparatus is available from Manfred 5.3 GmbH, D-60489 Frankfurt, GERMANY.
- the wiping apparatus has a surface on which a skin analogue (a self-adhesive DC fix foil 40 cm ⁇ 40 cm available from Konrad Hornschuch AG, 74679 Weissbach, GERMANY) is placed.
- the wiping apparatus further has a mechanical arm with a wiping hand (180 mm ⁇ 78 mm) attached that applies a wiping pressure of 8.5 g/cm 2 to the skin analog.
- the first wiping movement is a 90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand and fibrous structure or wipe attached thereto.
- the second wiping movement is a 90° return stroke over the same portion of the skin analogue that the first wiping movement traveled.
- the third wiping movement is another 90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand and fibrous structure or wipe attached thereto, like the first wiping movement, and it travels over the same portion of the skin analogue as the first and second wiping movements. Carefully remove the fibrous structure or wipe from the wiping hand being careful not to wipe the fibrous structure or wipe on the skin analogue while removing it from the wiping hand. Weigh the fibrous structure or wipe again to obtain the final mass.
- the lotion release for the fibrous structure or wipe is the difference between the initial mass of the fibrous structure or wipe and the final mass of the fibrous structure or wipe. Clean the skin analogue with a dry tissue. Repeat the procedure again starting with weighing the next fibrous structure or wipe to get its initial mass.
- the reported lotion release value is the average lotion release value of 10 tested fibrous structures or wipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Fibrous structures that exhibit a novel combination of properties and to methods for making such fibrous structures are provided.
Description
- The present invention relates to fibrous structures and more particularly to fibrous structures, such as wet wipes, that exhibit a novel combination of properties, and to methods for making such fibrous structures.
- Fibrous structures are a ubiquitous part of daily life. Fibrous structures are currently used in a variety of disposable articles including, but not limited to, feminine hygiene products, diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, paper towels, sanitary tissue products and wipes. Disposable wipes comprised of fibrous structures are widely used by consumers to clean surfaces, such as glass and ceramic tile, as well as to clean the skin of children and adults. Pre-moistened or wet wipes made of fibrous structures are also known.
- Wet wipes, such as baby wipes for example, should be strong enough when pre-moistened with a lotion to maintain integrity in use, but also soft enough to give a pleasing and comfortable tactile sensation to the user(s). In addition, wet wipes should have sufficient absorbency and porosity to be effective in cleaning the soiled skin of a user while at the same time providing sufficient barrier to protect the user from contacting the soil. Protecting the user from contacting the soil creates unique “barrier” demands for fibrous structures that can negatively affect both the fibrous structures' absorbency and lotion release. Moreover, wet wipes should have absorbency properties such that each wipe of a stack remains wet during extended storage periods but yet at the same time easily releases lotion during use.
- Consumers of fibrous structures, especially baby wipes, require absorbency properties (such as absorption capacity) in their fibrous structures. In the past, some fibrous structures exhibit a relatively high level of absorbency capacity (about 10 g/g) which improves the lotion retention and uniform distribution of moisture in a stack of wipes over time. Other fibrous structures exhibit pore volume distributions that enable lower absorbency capacities (about 5 to 8 g/g) which increases the ability of the lotion to release from the wipe at the expense of a uniform distribution of moisture throughout a stack. In addition due to cost and environmental sustainability concerns, there is a need to further improve the absorbency capacity of wipes to enable better cleaning with less material without further compromising lotion release and other important properties such as tensile strength and protection.
- Accordingly, there is a need for fibrous structures that exhibit a high degree of absorbency, coupled with barrier protection, sufficient lotion release for cleaning, stable moisture distribution and/or strength in use all while using less material.
- The present invention solves the problem identified above by fulfilling the needs of the consumers by providing fibrous structures that exhibit a novel combination of properties and methods for making such fibrous structures.
- In one example of the present invention, a fibrous structure that exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 12 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 8.5 as measured according to the Soil Leak Through Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% and/or at least 45% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to about 140 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- In another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% and/or at least 45% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to about 140 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In yet another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- In still another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In even yet another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- In even yet another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 30% and/or at least 40% and/or at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 121 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 50% and/or at least 55% and/or at least 60% and/or at least 75% of the total pore volume present in the fibrous structures exists in pores of radii of from about 101 μm to about 200 μm as determined by the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method described herein and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In yet another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.8 and/or less than 1.6 and/or less than a 1.5 and/or less than 1.4 and/or less than 1.3, is provided.
- In even another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein and a Lotion Release of greater than 0.25 and/or greater than 0.27 and/or greater than 0.30 and/or greater than 0.32 as measured according to the Lotion Release Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In still another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Basis Weight of less than 55 g/m2 and/or less than 50 g/m2 and/or less than 47 g/m2 and/or less than 45 g/m2 and/or less than 40 g/m2 and/or less than 35 g/m2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m2 and/or greater than 25 g/m2 and/or greater than 30 g/m2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein, a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 5.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein, and a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of greater than 11 g/g and/or greater than 12 g/g and/or greater than 13 g/g and/or greater than 14 g/g and/or greater than 15 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In still yet another example of the present invention, a fibrous structure, for example coformed fibrous structure, comprising a plurality of filaments and a plurality of solid additives, wherein the fibrous structure exhibits a Basis Weight of less than 55 g/m2 and/or less than 50 g/m2 and/or less than 47 g/m2 and/or less than 45 g/m2 and/or less than 40 g/m2 and/or less than 35 g/m2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m2 and/or greater than 25 g/m2 and/or greater than 30 g/m2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein, a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 5.0 N and/or greater than 5.2 N and/or greater than 5.5 N and/or greater than 6.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein, is provided.
- In yet another example of the present invention, a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention is provided.
- Accordingly, the present invention provides fibrous structures that solve the problems described above by providing fibrous structures that exhibit certain properties that are consumer desirable and to methods for making such fibrous structures.
-
FIG. 1 is a plot of Liquid Absorptive Capacity (“Absorbent Capacity”) (g/g) versus Soil Leak Through (Lr) Value of known or commercially available fibrous structures/wipes and fibrous structures/wipes according to the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a Pore Volume Distribution graph of various fibrous structures, including a fibrous structure according to the present invention, showing the Ending Pore Radius of from 2.5 μm to 200 μm and the Capacity of Water in Pores; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation ofFIG. 3 taken along line 4-4; -
FIG. 5 is a scanning electromicrophotograph of a cross-section of another example of fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of another example of a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of an example of a patterned belt for use in a process according to the present invention; -
FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of an example of a filament-forming hole and fluid-releasing hole from a suitable die useful in making a fibrous structure according to the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is an example of a pattern that can be imparted to a fibrous structure of the present invention; and -
FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an example of a stack of fibrous structures in a tub. - “Fibrous structure” as used herein means a structure that comprises one or more filaments and/or fibers. In one example, the fibrous structure is a wipe, such as a wet wipe, for example a baby wipe. For example, “fibrous structure” and “wipe” may be used interchangeably herein. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention means an orderly arrangement of filaments and/or fibers within a structure in order to perform a function. In another example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention is a nonwoven.
- Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures include known wet-laid papermaking processes, air-laid papermaking processes including carded and/or spunlaced processes. Such processes typically include steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, either wet, more specifically aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with air as medium. The aqueous medium used for wet-laid processes is oftentimes referred to as a fiber slurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers onto a forming wire or belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and/or bonding the fibers together results in a fibrous structure. Further processing the fibrous structure may be carried out such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, and may subsequently be converted into a finished product, e.g. a sanitary tissue product.
- The fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous or may be layered. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at least two and/or at least three and/or at least four and/or at least five layers.
- In one example the fibrous structure is a nonwoven.
- “Nonwoven” for purposes of the present invention as used herein and as defined by EDANA means a sheet of fibers, continuous filaments, or chopped yarns of any nature or origin, that have been formed into a web by any means, and bonded together by any means, with the exception of weaving or knitting. Felts obtained by wet milling are not nonwovens. Wetlaid webs are nonwovens provided that they contain a minimum of 50% by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibers of non-vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio that equals or exceeds 300 or a minimum of 30% by weight of man-made fibers, filaments or other fibers of non-vegetable origin with a length to diameter ratio that equals or exceeds 600 and a maximum apparent density of 0.40 g/cm3.
- The fibrous structures of the present invention may be co-formed fibrous structures.
- “Co-formed fibrous structure” as used herein means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials wherein at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as a fiber and/or a particulate. In one example, a co-formed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers and/or absorbent gel materials and/or filler particles and/or particulate spot bonding powders and/or clays, and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments.
- “Solid additive” as used herein means a fiber and/or a particulate.
- “Particulate” as used herein means a granular substance or powder.
- “Fiber” and/or “Filament” as used herein means an elongate particulate having an apparent length greatly exceeding its apparent width, i.e. a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. For purposes of the present invention, a “fiber” is an elongate particulate as described above that exhibits a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 in.) and a “filament” is an elongate particulate as described above that exhibits a length of greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 in.).
- Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature. Non-limiting examples of fibers include wood pulp fibers, rayon, which in turn includes but is not limited to viscose, lyocell, cotton; wool; silk; jute; linen; ramie; hemp; flax; camel hair; kenaf; and synthetic staple fibers made from polyester, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, copolymers of polyolefins such as polyethylene-octene, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyvinyl alcohol filaments, and polycaprolactone filaments. The fibers may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments, round, non-round fibers; and combinations thereof.
- Filaments are typically considered continuous or substantially continuous in nature. Filaments are relatively longer than fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and/or spunbond filaments. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be spun into filaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene (cis and trans), peptides, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and synthetic polymers including, but not limited to, thermoplastic polymer filaments comprising thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as polypropylene filaments, polyethylene filaments, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, sodium polyacrylate (absorbent gel material) filaments, and copolymers of polyolefins such as polyethylene-octene, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyvinyl alcohol filaments, and polycaprolactone filaments. The filaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments.
- In one example of the present invention, “fiber” refers to papermaking fibers. Papermaking fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulfite, and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pulps, however, may be preferred since they impart a superior tactile sense of softness to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “hardwood”) and coniferous trees (hereinafter, also referred to as “softwood”) may be utilized. The hardwood and softwood fibers can be blended, or alternatively, can be deposited in layers to provide a stratified web. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,300,981 and 3,994,771 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of disclosing layering of hardwood and softwood fibers. Also applicable to the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the above categories as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate the original papermaking.
- In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell and bagasse can be used in this invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fibers or capable of being spun into fibers include grasses and grain sources.
- “Sanitary tissue product” as used herein means a soft, low density (i.e. <about 0.15 g/cm3) web useful as a wiping implement for post-urinary and post-bowel movement cleaning (toilet tissue), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (facial tissue), and multi-functional absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towels). Non-limiting examples of suitable sanitary tissue products of the present invention include paper towels, bath tissue, facial tissue, napkins, baby wipes, adult wipes, wet wipes, cleaning wipes, polishing wipes, cosmetic wipes, car care wipes, wipes that comprise an active agent for performing a particular function, cleaning substrates for use with implements, such as a Swiffer® cleaning wipe/pad. The sanitary tissue product may be convolutedly wound upon itself about a core or without a core to form a sanitary tissue product roll.
- In one example, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a fibrous structure according to the present invention.
- The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight between about 10 g/m2 to about 120 g/m2 and/or from about 15 g/m2 to about 110 g/m2 and/or from about 20 g/m2 to about 100 g/m2 and/or from about 30 to 90 g/m2. In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight between about 40 g/m2 to about 120 g/m2 and/or from about 50 g/m2 to about 110 g/m2 and/or from about 55 g/m2 to about 105 g/m2 and/or from about 60 to 100 g/m2. In one example, the sanitary tissue product exhibits a basis weight of less than 55 g/m2 and/or less than 50 g/m2 and/or less than 47 g/m2 and/or less than 45 g/m2 and/or less than 40 g/m2 and/or less than 35 g/m2 and/or to greater than 20 g/m2 and/or greater than 25 g/m2 and/or greater than 30 g/m2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein.
- In one example, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may exhibit a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of/or greater than 5.0 N and/or greater than 5.5 N and/or greater than 6.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method described herein
- The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit a density (measured at 95 g/in2) of less than about 0.60 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.30 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.20 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.10 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.07 g/cm3 and/or less than about 0.05 g/cm3 and/or from about 0.01 g/cm3 to about 0.20 g/cm3 and/or from about 0.02 g/cm3 to about 0.10 g/cm3.
- The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise additives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents, permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, silicones, wetting agents, latexes, especially surface-pattern-applied latexes, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and/or on sanitary tissue products.
- “Weight average molecular weight” as used herein means the weight average molecular weight as determined using gel permeation chromatography according to the protocol found in Colloids and Surfaces A. Physico Chemical & Engineering Aspects, Vol. 162, 2000, pg. 107-121.
- “Basis Weight” as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample reported in lbs/3000 ft2 or g/m2 (gsm).
- “Stack” as used herein, refers to a neat pile of fibrous structures and/or wipes. Based upon the assumption that there are at least three wipes in a stack, each wipe, except for the topmost and bottommost wipes in the stack, will be directly in face to face contact with the wipe directly above and below itself in the stack. Moreover, when viewed from above, the wipes will be layered on top of each other, or superimposed, such that only the topmost wipe of the stack will be visible. The height of the stack is measured from the bottom of the bottommost wipe in the stack to the top of the topmost wipe in the stack and is provided in units of millimeters (mm).
- “Liquid composition” and “lotion” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any liquid, including, but not limited to a pure liquid such as water, an aqueous solution, a colloid, an emulsion, a suspension, a solution and mixtures thereof. The term “aqueous solution” as used herein, refers to a solution that is at least about 20%, at least about 40%, or even at least about 50% water by weight, and is no more than about 95%, or no more than about 90% water by weight.
- In one example, the liquid composition comprises water or another liquid solvent. Generally the liquid composition is of sufficiently low viscosity to impregnate the entire structure of the fibrous structure. In another example, the liquid composition may be primarily present at the fibrous structure surface and to a lesser extent in the inner structure of the fibrous structure. In a further example, the liquid composition is releasably carried by the fibrous structure, that is the liquid composition is carried on or in the fibrous structure and is readily releasable from the fibrous structure by applying some force to the fibrous structure, for example by wiping a surface with the fibrous structure.
- The liquid compositions used in the present invention are primarily although not limited to, oil in water emulsions. In one example, the liquid composition of the present invention comprises at least 80% and/or at least 85% and/or at least 90% and/or at least 95% by weight water.
- When present on or in the fibrous structure, the liquid composition may be present at a level of from about 10% to about 1000% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 100% to about 700% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure and/or from about 200% to about 500% and/or from about 200% to about 400% of the basis weight of the fibrous structure.
- The liquid composition may comprise an acid. Non-limiting examples of acids that can be used in the liquid composition of the present invention are adipic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, gluconic acid, polymeric acids, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, fumaric acid and phthalic acid and mixtures thereof. Suitable polymeric acids can include homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers, and may contain at least 30 mole % carboxylic acid groups. Specific examples of suitable polymeric acids useful herein include straight-chain poly(acrylic) acid and its copolymers, both ionic and nonionic, (e.g., maleic-acrylic, sulfonic-acrylic, and styrene-acrylic copolymers), those cross-linked polyacrylic acids having a molecular weight of less than about 250,000, preferably less than about 100,000 poly (α-hydroxy) acids, poly (methacrylic) acid, and naturally occurring polymeric acids such as carageenic acid, carboxy methyl cellulose, and alginic acid. In one example, the liquid composition comprises citric acid and/or citric acid derivatives.
- The liquid composition may also contain salts of the acid or acids used to lower the pH, or another weak base to impart buffering properties to the fibrous structure. The buffering response is due to the equilibrium which is set up between the free acid and its salt. This allows the fibrous structure to maintain its overall pH despite encountering a relatively high amount of bodily waste as would be found post urination or defecation in a baby or adult. In one embodiment the acid salt would be sodium citrate. The amount of sodium citrate present in the lotion would be between 0.01 and 2.0%, alternatively 0.1 and 1.25%, or alternatively 0.2 and 0.7% of the lotion.
- In one example, the liquid composition does not contain any preservative compounds.
- In addition to the above ingredients, the liquid composition may comprise addition ingredients. Non-limiting examples of additional ingredients that may be present in the liquid composition of the present invention include: skin conditioning agents (emollients, humectants) including, waxes such as petrolatum, cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives, di and tri-glycerides including sunflower oil and sesame oil, silicone oils such as dimethicone copolyol, caprylyl glycol and acetoglycerides such as lanolin and its derivatives, emulsifiers; stabilizers; surfactants including anionic, amphoteric, cationic and non ionic surfactants, colourants, chelating agents including EDTA, sun screen agents, solubilizing agents, perfumes, opacifying agents, vitamins, viscosity modifiers; such as xanthan gum, astringents and external analgesics.
- “Pre-moistened” and “wet” are used interchangeably herein and refer to fibrous structures and/or wipes which are moistened with a liquid composition prior to packaging in a generally moisture impervious container or wrapper. Such pre-moistened wipes, which can also be referred to as “wet wipes” and “towelettes”, may be suitable for use in cleaning babies, as well as older children and adults.
- “Saturation loading” and “lotion loading” are used interchangeably herein and refer to the amount of liquid composition applied to the fibrous structure or wipe. In general, the amount of liquid composition applied may be chosen in order to provide maximum benefits to the end product comprised by the wipe. Saturation loading is typically expressed as grams of liquid composition per gram of dry wipe.
- Saturation loading, often expressed as percent saturation, is defined as the percentage of the dry fibrous structure or wipe's mass (void of any liquid composition) that a liquid composition present on/in the fibrous structure or wipe represents. For example, a saturation loading of 1.0 (equivalently, 100% saturation) indicates that the mass of liquid composition present on/in the fibrous structure or wipe is equal to the mass of dry fibrous structure or wipe (void of any liquid composition).
- The following equation is used to calculate saturation load of a fibrous structure or wipe:
-
- “Saturation gradient index” (SGI) is a measure of how well the wipes at the top of a stack retain moisture. The SGI of a stack of wipes is measured as described infra and is calculated as the ratio of the average lotion load of the bottommost wipes in the stack versus the topmost wipes in the stack. The ideal stack of wipes will have an SGI of about 1.0; that is, the topmost wipes will be equally as moist as the bottommost wipes. In the aforementioned embodiments, the stacks have a SGI from about 1.0 to about 1.5.
- The saturation gradient index for a fibrous structure or wipe stack is calculated as the ratio of the saturation loading of a set number of fibrous structures or wipes from the bottom of a stack to that of the same number of fibrous structures or wipes from the top of the stack. For example, for an approximately 80 count wipe stack, the saturation gradient index is this ratio using 10 wipes from bottom and top; for an approximately 30 count wipe stack, 5 wipes from bottom and top are used; and for less than 30, only the top and bottom single wipes are used in the saturation gradient index calculation. The following equation illustrates the example of an 80 count stack saturation gradient index calculation:
-
- A saturation profile, or wetness gradient, exists in the stack when the saturation gradient index is greater than 1.0. In cases where the saturation gradient index is significantly greater than 1.0, e.g. over about 1.5, lotion is draining from the top of the stack and settling in the bottom of the container, such that there may be a noticeable difference in the wetness of the topmost fibrous structures or wipes in the stack compared to that of the fibrous structures or wipes nearest the bottom of the stack. For example, a perfect tub of wipes would have a saturation gradient index of 1.0; the bottommost wipes and topmost wipes would maintain equivalent saturation loading during storage. Additional liquid composition would not be needed to supersaturate the wipes in an effort to keep all of the wipes moist, which typically results in the bottommost wipes being soggy.
- “Percent moisture” or “% moisture” or “moisture level” as used herein means 100×(the ratio of the mass of water contained in a fibrous structure to the mass of the fibrous structure). The product of the above equation is reported as a %.
- “Surface tension” as used herein, refers to the force at the interface between a liquid composition and air. Surface tension is typically expressed in dynes per centimeter (dynes/cm).
- “Surfactant” as used herein, refers to materials which preferably orient toward an interface. Surfactants include the various surfactants known in the art, including: nonionic surfactants; anionic surfactants; cationic surfactants; amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants; and mixtures thereof.
- “Visible” as used herein, refers to being capable of being seen by the naked eye when viewed at a distance of 12 inches (in), or 30.48 centimeters (cm), under the unimpeded light of an ordinary incandescent 60 watt light bulb that is inserted in a fixture such as a table lamp. It follows that “visually distinct” as used herein refers to those features of nonwoven wipes, whether or not they are pre-moistened, that are readily visible and discernable when the wipe is subjected to normal use, such as the cleaning of a child's skin.
- “Machine Direction” or “MD” as used herein means the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment.
- “Cross Machine Direction” or “CD” as used herein means the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure making machine and/or sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment and perpendicular to the machine direction.
- “Ply” as used herein means an individual, integral fibrous structure.
- “Plies” as used herein means two or more individual, integral fibrous structures disposed in a substantially contiguous, face-to-face relationship with one another, forming a multi-ply fibrous structure and/or multi-ply sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated that an individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multi-ply fibrous structure, for example, by being folded on itself.
- “Total Pore Volume” as used herein means the sum of the fluid holding void volume in each pore range from 2.5 μm to 1000 μm radii as measured according to the Pore Volume Test Method described herein.
- “Pore Volume Distribution” as used herein means the distribution of fluid holding void volume as a function of pore radius. The Pore Volume Distribution of a fibrous structure is measured according to the Pore Volume Test Method described herein.
- As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” when used herein, for example, “an anionic surfactant” or “a fiber” is understood to mean one or more of the material that is claimed or described.
- All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
- Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources.
- It has surprisingly been found that the fibrous structures of the present invention exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity higher than other known structured and/or textured fibrous structures as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
-
FIG. 1 shows that the fibrous structures and/or wipes of the present invention comprise a novel combination of Liquid Absorptive Capacity and Soil Leak Through. -
FIG. 2 shows that the fibrous structures and/or wipes of the present invention exhibit novel pore volume distributions. - The fibrous structures of the present invention may comprise a plurality of filaments, a plurality of solid additives, such as fibers, and a mixture of filaments and solid additives.
-
FIGS. 3 and 4 show schematic representations of an example of a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention. As shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , thefibrous structure 10 may be a co-formed fibrous structure. Thefibrous structure 10 comprises a plurality offilaments 12, such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, such aswood pulp fibers 14. Thefilaments 12 may be randomly arranged as a result of the process by which they are spun and/or formed into thefibrous structure 10. Thewood pulp fibers 14, may be randomly dispersed throughout thefibrous structure 10 in the x-y plane. Thewood pulp fibers 14 may be non-randomly dispersed throughout the fibrous structure in the z-direction. In one example (not shown), thewood pulp fibers 14 are present at a higher concentration on one or more of the exterior, x-y plane surfaces than within the fibrous structure along the z-direction. -
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional, SEM microphotograph of another example of afibrous structure 10 a in accordance with the present invention shows afibrous structure 10 a comprising a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions 15 a and 15 b. Themicroregion 15 a (typically referred to as a “pillow”) exhibits a different value of a common intensive property thanmicroregion 15 b (typically referred to as a “knuckle”). In one example, themicroregion 15 b is a continuous or semi-continuous network and themicroregion 15 a are discrete regions within the continuous or semi-continuous network. The common intensive property may be caliper. In another example, the common intensive property may be density. - As shown in
FIG. 6 , another example of a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention is a layeredfibrous structure 10 b. The layeredfibrous structure 10 b comprises afirst layer 16 comprising a plurality offilaments 12, such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, in this example,wood pulp fibers 14. The layeredfibrous structure 10 b further comprises asecond layer 18 comprising a plurality offilaments 20, such as polypropylene filaments. In one example, the first andsecond layers filaments 20 may be deposited directly onto a surface of thefirst layer 16 to form a layered fibrous structure that comprises the first andsecond layers - Further, the layered
fibrous structure 10 b may comprise athird layer 22, as shown inFIG. 6 . Thethird layer 22 may comprise a plurality offilaments 24, which may be the same or different from thefilaments 20 and/or 16 in the second 18 and/or first 16 layers. As a result of the addition of thethird layer 22, thefirst layer 16 is positioned, for example sandwiched, between thesecond layer 18 and thethird layer 22. The plurality offilaments 24 may be deposited directly onto a surface of thefirst layer 16, opposite from the second layer, to form the layeredfibrous structure 10 b that comprises the first, second andthird layers - As shown in
FIG. 7 , a cross-sectional schematic representation of another example of a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention comprising a layeredfibrous structure 10 c is provided. The layeredfibrous structure 10 c comprises afirst layer 26, asecond layer 28 and optionally athird layer 30. Thefirst layer 26 comprises a plurality offilaments 12, such as polypropylene filaments, and a plurality of solid additives, such aswood pulp fibers 14. Thesecond layer 28 may comprise any suitable filaments, solid additives and/or polymeric films. In one example, thesecond layer 28 comprises a plurality offilaments 34. In one example, thefilaments 34 comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of: polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylalcohol derivatives and mixtures thereof. - In yet another example, a fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise two outer layers consisting of 100% by weight filaments and an inner layer consisting of 100% by weight fibers.
- In another example of a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention, instead of being layers of
fibrous structure 10 c, thematerial forming layers - Another example of a fibrous structure of the present invention in accordance with the present invention is shown in
FIG. 8 . Thefibrous structure 10 d may comprise two or more plies, wherein oneply 36 comprises any suitable fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention, for examplefibrous structure 10 as shown and described inFIGS. 3 and 4 and another ply 38 comprising any suitable fibrous structure, for example a fibrousstructure comprising filaments 12, such as polypropylene filaments. The fibrous structure ofply 38 may be in the form of a net and/or mesh and/or other structure that comprises pores that expose one or more portions of thefibrous structure 10 d to an external environment and/or at least to liquids that may come into contact, at least initially, with the fibrous structure ofply 38. In addition to ply 38, thefibrous structure 10 d may further compriseply 40.Ply 40 may comprise a fibrousstructure comprising filaments 12, such as polypropylene filaments, and may be the same or different from the fibrous structure ofply 38. - Two or more of the
plies fibrous structure 10 d and thefibrous structure 10 d may visually and/or physically be a similar to a layered fibrous structure in that one would have difficulty separating the once individual plies from each other. In one example, ply 36 may comprise a fibrous structure that exhibits a basis weight of at least about 15 g/m2 and/or at least about 20 g/m2 and/or at least about 25 g/m2 and/or at least about 30 g/m2 up to about 120 g/m2 and/or 100 g/m2 and/or 80 g/m2 and/or 60 g/m2 and theplies -
Plies wood pulp fibers 14, on and/or within the fibrous structure ofply 36 thus reducing lint and/or dust (as compared to a single-ply fibrous structure comprising the fibrous structure ofply 36 without theplies 38 and 40) resulting from thewood pulp fibers 14 becoming free from the fibrous structure ofply 36. - The fibrous structures of the present invention may comprise any suitable amount of filaments and any suitable amount of solid additives. For example, the fibrous structures may comprise from about 10% to about 70% and/or from about 20% to about 60% and/or from about 30% to about 50% by dry weight of the fibrous structure of filaments and from about 90% to about 30% and/or from about 80% to about 40% and/or from about 70% to about 50% by dry weight of the fibrous structure of solid additives, such as wood pulp fibers. In one example, the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments.
- The filaments and solid additives of the present invention may be present in fibrous structures according to the present invention at weight ratios of filaments to solid additives of from at least about 1:1 and/or at least about 1:1.5 and/or at least about 1:2 and/or at least about 1:2.5 and/or at least about 1:3 and/or at least about 1:4 and/or at least about 1:5 and/or at least about 1:7 and/or at least about 1:10.
- The fibrous structures of the present invention and/or any sanitary tissue products comprising such fibrous structures may be subjected to any post-processing operations such as embossing operations, printing operations, tuft-generating operations, thermal bonding operations, ultrasonic bonding operations, perforating operations, surface treatment operations such as application of lotions, silicones and/or other materials, folding, and mixtures thereof.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable polypropylenes for making the filaments of the present invention are commercially available from Lyondell-Basell and Exxon-Mobil.
- Any hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic materials within the fibrous structure, such as polypropylene filaments, may be surface treated and/or melt treated with a hydrophilic modifier. Non-limiting examples of surface treating hydrophilic modifiers include surfactants, such as Triton X-100. Non-limiting examples of melt treating hydrophilic modifiers that are added to the melt, such as the polypropylene melt, prior to spinning filaments, include hydrophilic modifying melt additives such as VW351 and/or S-1416 commercially available from Polyvel, Inc. and Irgasurf commercially available from Ciba. The hydrophilic modifier may be associated with the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material at any suitable level known in the art. In one example, the hydrophilic modifier is associated with the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material at a level of less than about 20% and/or less than about 15% and/or less than about 10% and/or less than about 5% and/or less than about 3% to about 0% by dry weight of the hydrophobic or non-hydrophilic material.
- The fibrous structures of the present invention may include optional additives, each, when present, at individual levels of from about 0% and/or from about 0.01% and/or from about 0.1% and/or from about 1% and/or from about 2% to about 95% and/or to about 80% and/or to about 50% and/or to about 30% and/or to about 20% by dry weight of the fibrous structure. Non-limiting examples of optional additives include permanent wet strength agents, temporary wet strength agents, dry strength agents such as carboxymethylcellulose and/or starch, softening agents, lint reducing agents, opacity increasing agents, wetting agents, odor absorbing agents, perfumes, temperature indicating agents, color agents, dyes, osmotic materials, microbial growth detection agents, antibacterial agents and mixtures thereof.
- The fibrous structure of the present invention may itself be a sanitary tissue product. It may be convolutedly wound about a core to form a roll. It may be combined with one or more other fibrous structures as a ply to form a multi-ply sanitary tissue product. In one example, a co-formed fibrous structure of the present invention may be convolutedly wound about a core to form a roll of co-formed sanitary tissue product. The rolls of sanitary tissue products may also be coreless.
- The fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/g and/or at least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/g and/or at least 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/g and/or to about 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
- The fibrous structure, as described above, may be utilized to form a wipe. “Wipe” may be a general term to describe a piece of material, generally non-woven material, used in cleansing hard surfaces, food, inanimate objects, toys and body parts. In particular, many currently available wipes may be intended for the cleansing of the perianal area after defecation. Other wipes may be available for the cleansing of the face or other body parts. Multiple wipes may be attached together by any suitable method to form a mitt.
- The material from which a wipe is made should be strong enough to resist tearing during normal use, yet still provide softness to the user's skin, such as a child's tender skin. Additionally, the material should be at least capable of retaining its form for the duration of the user's cleansing experience.
- Wipes may be generally of sufficient dimension to allow for convenient handling. Typically, the wipe may be cut and/or folded to such dimensions as part of the manufacturing process. In some instances, the wipe may be cut into individual portions so as to provide separate wipes which are often stacked and interleaved in consumer packaging. In other embodiments, the wipes may be in a web form where the web has been slit and folded to a predetermined width and provided with means (e.g., perforations) to allow individual wipes to be separated from the web by a user. Suitably, an individual wipe may have a length between about 100 mm and about 250 mm and a width between about 140 mm and about 250 mm. In one embodiment, the wipe may be about 200 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 180 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 170 mm long and about 180 mm wide and/or about 160 mm long and about 175 mm wide. The material of the wipe may generally be soft and flexible, potentially having a structured surface to enhance its cleaning performance.
- It is also within the scope of the present invention that the wipe may be a laminate of two or more materials. Commercially available laminates, or purposely built laminates would be within the scope of the present invention. The laminated materials may be joined or bonded together in any suitable fashion, such as, but not limited to, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive, glue, fusion bonding, heat bonding, thermal bonding and combinations thereof. In another alternative embodiment of the present invention the wipe may be a laminate comprising one or more layers of nonwoven materials and one or more layers of film. Examples of such optional films, include, but are not limited to, polyolefin films, such as, polyethylene film. An illustrative, but non-limiting example of a nonwoven material which is a laminate is a laminate of a 16 gsm nonwoven polypropylene and a 0.8
mm 20 gsm polyethylene film. - The wipes may also be treated to improve the softness and texture thereof by processes such as hydroentanglement or spunlacing. The wipes may be subjected to various treatments, such as, but not limited to, physical treatment, such as ring rolling, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,679; structural elongation, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,801; consolidation, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,914,084, 6,114,263, 6,129,801 and 6,383,431; stretch aperturing, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097, 5,658,639 and 5,916,661; differential elongation, as described in WO Publication No. 2003/0028165A1; and other solid state formation technologies as described in U.S. Publication No. 2004/0131820A1 and U.S. Publication No. 2004/0265534A1 and zone activation and the like; chemical treatment, such as, but not limited to, rendering part or all of the substrate hydrophobic, and/or hydrophilic, and the like; thermal treatment, such as, but not limited to, softening of fibers by heating, thermal bonding and the like; and combinations thereof.
- The wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 30 grams/m2 and/or at least about 35 grams/m2 and/or at least about 40 grams/m2. In one example, the wipe may have a basis weight of at least about 45 grams/m2. In another example, the wipe basis weight may be less than about 100 grams/m2. In another example, wipes may have a basis weight between about 45 grams/m2 and about 75 grams/m2, and in yet another embodiment a basis weight between about 45 grams/m2 and about 65 grams/m2.
- In one example of the present invention the surface of wipe may be essentially flat. In another example of the present invention the surface of the wipe may optionally contain raised and/or lowered portions. These can be in the form of logos, indicia, trademarks, geometric patterns, images of the surfaces that the substrate is intended to clean (i.e., infant's body, face, etc.). They may be randomly arranged on the surface of the wipe or be in a repetitive pattern of some form.
- In another example of the present invention the wipe may be biodegradable. For example the wipe could be made from a biodegradable material such as a polyesteramide, or high wet strength cellulose.
- In one example of the present invention, the fibrous structure comprises a pre-moistened wipe, such as a baby wipe. A plurality of the pre-moistened wipes may be stacked one on top of the other and may be contained in a container, such as a plastic tub or a film wrapper. In one example, the stack of pre-moistened wipes (typically about 40 to 80 wipes/stack) may exhibit a height of from about 50 to about 300 mm and/or from about 75 to about 125 mm. The pre-moistened wipes may comprise a liquid composition, such as a lotion. The pre-moistened wipes may be stored long term in a stack in a liquid impervious container or film pouch without all of the lotion draining from the top of the stack to the bottom of the stack. The pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a Liquid Absorptive Capacity of at least 2.5 g/g and/or at least 4.0 g/g and/or at least 7 g/g and/or at least 12 g/g and/or at least 13 g/g and/or at least 13.5 g/g and/or to about 30.0 g/g and/or to about 20 g/g and/or to about 15.0 g/g as measured according to the Liquid Absorptive Capacity Test Method described herein.
- In another example, the pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a saturation loading (g liquid composition to g of dry wipe) of from about 1.5 to about 6.0 g/g. The liquid composition may exhibit a surface tension of from about 20 to about 35 and/or from about 28 to about 32 dynes/cm. The pre-moistened wipes may exhibit a dynamic absorption time (DAT) from about 0.01 to about 0.4 and/or from about 0.01 to about 0.2 and/or from about 0.03 to about 0.1 seconds as measured according to the Dynamic Absorption Time Test Method described herein.
- In one example, the pre-moistened wipes are present in a stack of pre-moistened wipes that exhibits a height of from about 50 to about 300 mm and/or from about 75 to about 200 mm and/or from about 75 to about 125 mm, wherein the stack of pre-moistened wipes exhibits a saturation gradient index of from about 1.0 to about 2.0 and/or from about 1.0 to about 1.7 and/or from about 1.0 to about 1.5.
- The fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may be saturation loaded with a liquid composition to form a pre-moistened fibrous structure or wipe. The loading may occur individually, or after the fibrous structures or wipes are place in a stack, such as within a liquid impervious container or packet. In one example, the pre-moistened wipes may be saturation loaded with from about 1.5 g to about 6.0 g and/or from about 2.5 g to about 4.0 g of liquid composition per g of wipe.
- The fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may be placed in the interior of a container, which may be liquid impervious, such as a plastic tub or a sealable packet, for storage and eventual sale to the consumer. The wipes may be folded and stacked. The wipes of the present invention may be folded in any of various known folding patterns, such as C-folding, Z-folding and quarter-folding. Use of a Z-fold pattern may enable a folded stack of wipes to be interleaved with overlapping portions. Alternatively, the wipes may include a continuous strip of material which has perforations between each wipe and which may be arranged in a stack or wound into a roll for dispensing, one after the other, from a container, which may be liquid impervious.
- The fibrous structures or wipes of the present invention may further comprise prints, which may provide aesthetic appeal. Non-limiting examples of prints include figures, patterns, letters, pictures and combinations thereof.
- To further illustrate the fibrous structures of the present invention, Table 1 sets forth properties of known and/or commercially available fibrous structures and two fibrous structures in accordance with the present invention.
-
TABLE 1 43% or 30% or CD Wet more of more of Liquid Lotion Initial pores pores Basis Abs. Release Soil Leak Tensile between between Contains Wt. Capacity (g) Through Strength 91 and 121 and Filament [gsm] [g/g] [g] Lr Value SGI [N/5 cm] 140 μm 200 μm Invention Yes 61.1 13.6 0.279 1.0 1.21 8.7 Yes Yes Invention Yes 44.1 14.8 0.333 1.7 1.11 6.6 Yes Yes Invention Yes 65.0 16.0 0.355 0.9 1.21 6.0 No Yes Huggies ® Yes 64.0 11.5 0.277 0.0 1.05 5.1 No No Natural Care Huggies ® Yes 62.5 9.78 0.268 0.0 1.34 3.8 No No Natural Care Bounty ® No 43.4 12.0 — 2.0 — — No No Paper Towel Pampers ® No 57.4 12.0 0.281 19.2 <1.5 12.5 Yes No Baby Fresh Pampers ® No 57.7 7.32 0.258 8.7 1.20 11.3 No Yes Baby Fresh Pampers ® No 67.1 7.52 0.285 4.3 1.32 8.2 No No Thickcare - Table 2 sets forth the average pore volume distributions of known and/or commercially available fibrous structures and a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention.
-
TABLE 2 Pampers ® Pampers ® Baby Sensitive Pore Huggies ® Bounty ® Fresh Wipes Radius Wash (no (no (no (micron) Huggies ® Cloth Duramax filaments) filaments) filaments) Invention Invention 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 3.65 5.4 5.15 3.65 2.85 4.15 3.1 10 3.05 3.95 19.85 24.15 1.25 0.85 1.3 0.6 15 1.85 0.95 95.6 46.2 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 53.95 27.95 0 0 0 0 30 13.65 0 73.85 36.3 0 0 0 0 40 85.45 0 57.15 22.85 0 0 0 0 50 116.95 0 61.25 27.5 0 0 0 0 60 196.5 92.95 66.9 35.3 12.75 1.2 17.15 16.45 70 299.15 141.55 58.35 33 25.55 3.05 65.75 44.7 80 333.8 129.25 52.95 30.8 32.45 7 83.2 72.4 90 248.15 148.05 46.55 30.25 56.7 30.75 111.65 104.8 100 157.55 160.2 45.7 29.6 112.7 56.1 169.4 152.8 120 168.05 389.35 90.85 59.95 858.65 306.15 751.65 626.85 140 81.6 448.2 86 65 427.05 600.4 873.85 556.95 160 50.6 502.05 73.2 71.4 40.25 666.05 119.3 64.65 180 34.05 506.45 60.2 75.25 18.3 137.9 20.15 16.95 200 27.2 448 47.05 86.25 10.5 31.95 14.7 11.9 225 23.9 404.85 47.3 130.1 8.8 14.1 15.15 12.45 250 19.85 242.2 41 146.8 10.3 10.65 14.8 12.35 275 18.05 140 36.15 153.8 6.15 7.25 12.1 10.2 300 15.7 98.6 33.25 123 5.85 6.2 13.65 9.55 350 22.9 146.15 53.65 137.95 9.6 10.1 21.15 16.2 400 17.8 135.25 52.8 45.95 8.9 8.45 17.6 19.15 500 33.5 259.05 254.35 43.9 14.55 13.5 38.1 33.65 600 21.85 218.5 279.45 11.45 14.45 12.7 56.85 23 800 20.05 235 135.8 8.3 61.45 108 59.05 33.05 1000 9.2 83 0 0 23.25 36.75 47.95 52.95 Total (mg) 2020.4 4937.2 1928.55 1508.15 1763.1 2071.95 2528.65 1894.7 91-140 20.2% 20.2% 11.5% 10.2% 79.3% 46.5% 71.0% 70.5% Pore Range 101-200 18% 46% 19% 24% 77% 84% 70% 67% Pore Range 121-200 10% 39% 14% 20% 28% 69% 41% 34% Pore Range 141-225 7% 38% 12% 24% 4% 41% 7% 6% Pore Range Pampers ® Pampers ® Thickcare Baby Fresh Pore Radius (no (no (micron) Huggies ® filaments) filaments) Invention 2.5 0 0 0 0 5 5.1 5.2 4.5 5.5 10 3.3 3.3 2.2 2.6 15 2 2.4 0.8 2 20 2.1 1.2 2 0.7 30 8.5 12.3 0.8 1.7 40 39.6 43.3 4.3 3.3 50 98.3 83.6 2.5 0.7 60 70.2 107.3 2.8 2.1 70 118.2 174.2 6 1.4 80 156.9 262.4 19.5 1.9 90 255.3 297.4 9.8 1.8 100 342.1 188.7 17 7.5 120 396.3 168.8 38.4 80.4 140 138.3 55.9 69.7 306.9 160 70.5 22.8 133.1 736 180 45.8 16.7 448.1 1201.1 200 28.3 13.8 314.2 413 225 31.9 16.5 362.2 131.5 250 30.5 11.7 206.6 55.6 275 26.4 11.9 138.3 24.9 300 23.8 11.9 78.7 13.6 350 37.4 18.9 77.1 23.3 400 28.5 16.5 37.6 20 500 44.2 24.2 37.9 30.3 600 27.6 28.8 32.6 24.5 800 41.1 66.5 35.3 39.5 1000 24.7 32 16.3 27.9 Total (mg) 2096.9 1698.2 2098.3 3159.7 91-140 41.8% 24.3% 6.0% 12.5% Pore Range 101-200 32% 16% 48% 87% Pore Range 121-200 13% 6% 46% 84% Pore Range 141-225 8% 4% 60% 79% Pore Range - A non-limiting example of a method for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention is represented in
FIG. 9 . The method shown inFIG. 9 comprises the step of mixing a plurality ofsolid additives 14 with a plurality offilaments 12. In one example, thesolid additives 14 are wood pulp fibers, such as SSK fibers and/or Eucalyptus fibers, and thefilaments 12 are polypropylene filaments. Thesolid additives 14 may be combined with thefilaments 12, such as by being delivered to a stream offilaments 12 from ahammermill 42 via a solidadditive spreader 44 to form a mixture offilaments 12 andsolid additives 14. Thefilaments 12 may be created by meltblowing from ameltblow die 46. The mixture ofsolid additives 14 andfilaments 12 are collected on a collection device, such as abelt 48 to form afibrous structure 50. The collection device may be a patterned and/or molded belt that results in the fibrous structure exhibiting a surface pattern, such as a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions. The molded belt may have a three-dimensional pattern on it that gets imparted to thefibrous structure 50 during the process. For example, the patternedbelt 52, as shown inFIG. 10 , may comprise a reinforcing structure, such as afabric 54, upon which apolymer resin 56 is applied in a pattern. The pattern may comprise a continuous orsemi-continuous network 58 of thepolymer resin 56 within which one or morediscrete conduits 60 are arranged. - In one example of the present invention, the fibrous structures are made using a die comprising at least one filament-forming hole, and/or 2 or more and/or 3 or more rows of filament-forming holes from which filaments are spun. At least one row of holes contains 2 or more and/or 3 or more and/or 10 or more filament-forming holes. In addition to the filament-forming holes, the die comprises fluid-releasing holes, such as gas-releasing holes, in one example air-releasing holes, that provide attenuation to the filaments formed from the filament-forming holes. One or more fluid-releasing holes may be associated with a filament-forming hole such that the fluid exiting the fluid-releasing hole is parallel or substantially parallel (rather than angled like a knife-edge die) to an exterior surface of a filament exiting the filament-forming hole. In one example, the fluid exiting the fluid-releasing hole contacts the exterior surface of a filament formed from a filament-forming hole at an angle of less than 30° and/or less than 20° and/or less than 10° and/or less than 5° and/or about 0°. One or more fluid releasing holes may be arranged around a filament-forming hole. In one example, one or more fluid-releasing holes are associated with a single filament-forming hole such that the fluid exiting the one or more fluid releasing holes contacts the exterior surface of a single filament formed from the single filament-forming hole. In one example, the fluid-releasing hole permits a fluid, such as a gas, for example air, to contact the exterior surface of a filament formed from a filament-forming hole rather than contacting an inner surface of a filament, such as what happens when a hollow filament is formed.
- In one example, the die comprises a filament-forming hole positioned within a fluid-releasing hole. The fluid-releasing
hole 62 may be concentrically or substantially concentrically positioned around a filament-forminghole 64 such as is shown inFIG. 11 . - After the
fibrous structure 50 has been formed on the collection device, such as a patterned belt or a woven fabric for example a through-air-drying fabric, thefibrous structure 50 may be calendered, for example, while the fibrous structure is still on the collection device. In addition, thefibrous structure 50 may be subjected to post-processing operations such as embossing, thermal bonding, tuft-generating operations, moisture-imparting operations, and surface treating operations to form a finished fibrous structure. One example of a surface treating operation that the fibrous structure may be subjected to is the surface application of an elastomeric binder, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), latexes, and other elastomeric binders. Such an elastomeric binder may aid in reducing the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers. The elastomeric binder may be applied to one or more surfaces of the fibrous structure in a pattern, especially a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions, or in a manner that covers or substantially covers the entire surface(s) of the fibrous structure. - In one example, the
fibrous structure 50 and/or the finished fibrous structure may be combined with one or more other fibrous structures. For example, another fibrous structure, such as a filament-containing fibrous structure, such as a polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be associated with a surface of thefibrous structure 50 and/or the finished fibrous structure. The polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be formed by meltblowing polypropylene filaments (filaments that comprise a second polymer that may be the same or different from the polymer of the filaments in the fibrous structure 50) onto a surface of thefibrous structure 50 and/or finished fibrous structure. In another example, the polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be formed by meltblowing filaments comprising a second polymer that may be the same or different from the polymer of the filaments in thefibrous structure 50 onto a collection device to form the polypropylene filament fibrous structure. The polypropylene filament fibrous structure may then be combined with thefibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure to make a two-ply fibrous structure—three-ply if thefibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure is positioned between two plies of the polypropylene filament fibrous structure like that shown inFIG. 6 for example. The polypropylene filament fibrous structure may be thermally bonded to thefibrous structure 50 or the finished fibrous structure via a thermal bonding operation. - In yet another example, the
fibrous structure 50 and/or finished fibrous structure may be combined with a filament-containing fibrous structure such that the filament-containing fibrous structure, such as a polysaccharide filament fibrous structure, such as a starch filament fibrous structure, is positioned between twofibrous structures 50 or two finished fibrous structures like that shown inFIG. 8 for example. - In one example of the present invention, the method for making a fibrous structure according to the present invention comprises the step of combining a plurality of filaments and optionally, a plurality of solid additives to form a fibrous structure that exhibits the properties of the fibrous structures of the present invention described herein. In one example, the filaments comprise thermoplastic filaments. In one example, the filaments comprise polypropylene filaments. In still another example, the filaments comprise natural polymer filaments. The method may further comprise subjecting the fibrous structure to one or more processing operations, such as calendaring the fibrous structure. In yet another example, the method further comprises the step of depositing the filaments onto a patterned belt that creates a non-random, repeating pattern of micro regions.
- In still another example, two plies of
fibrous structure 50 comprising a non-random, repeating pattern of microregions may be associated with one another such that protruding microregions, such as pillows, face inward into the two-ply fibrous structure formed. - The process for making
fibrous structure 50 may be close coupled (where the fibrous structure is convolutedly wound into a roll prior to proceeding to a converting operation) or directly coupled (where the fibrous structure is not convolutedly wound into a roll prior to proceeding to a converting operation) with a converting operation to emboss, print, deform, surface treat, thermal bond, cut, stack or other post-forming operation known to those in the art. For purposes of the present invention, direct coupling means that thefibrous structure 50 can proceed directly into a converting operation rather than, for example, being convolutedly wound into a roll and then unwound to proceed through a converting operation. - In one example, the fibrous structure is embossed, cut into sheets, and collected in stacks of fibrous structures.
- The process of the present invention may include preparing individual rolls and/or sheets and/or stacks of sheets of fibrous structure and/or sanitary tissue product comprising such fibrous structure(s) that are suitable for consumer use.
- A 20%:27.5%47.5%:5% blend of Lyondell-Basell PH835 polypropylene Lyondell-Basell Metocene MF650W polypropylene:Exxon-Mobil PP3546 polypropylene:Polyvel S-1416 wetting agent is dry blended, to form a melt blend. The melt blend is heated to 475° F. through a melt extruder. A 15.5 inch
wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles per cross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, is utilized. 40 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192 nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter while the remaining nozzles are solid, i.e. there is no opening in the nozzle. Approximately 0.19 grams per hole per minute (ghm) of the melt blend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments from the melt blend. Approximately 375 SCFM of compressed air is heated such that the air exhibits a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette. Approximately 475 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825 semi-treated SSK pulp is defibrillated through a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers (solid additive). Air at a temperature of about 85 to 90° F. and about 85% relative humidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. Approximately 1200 SCFM of air carries the pulp fibers to a solid additive spreader. The solid additive spreader turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulp fibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injected into the meltblown filaments in a perpendicular fashion (with respect to the flow of the meltblown filaments) through a 4 inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slot. A forming box surrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers are commingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of air allowed to enter or escape from this commingling area; however, there is an additional 4 inch×15 inch spreader opposite the solid additive spreader designed to add cooling air. Approximately 1000 SCFM of air at approximately 80° F. is added through this additional spreader. A forming vacuum pulls air through a collection device, such as a patterned belt, thus collecting the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to form a fibrous structure comprising a pattern of non-random, repeating microregions. The fibrous structure formed by this process comprises about 75% by dry fibrous structure weight of pulp and about 25% by dry fibrous structure weight of meltblown filaments. - Optionally, a meltblown layer of the meltblown filaments, such as a scrim, can be added to one or both sides of the above formed fibrous structure. This addition of the meltblown layer can help reduce the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers and is preferably performed prior to any thermal bonding operation of the fibrous structure. The meltblown filaments for the exterior layers can be the same or different than the meltblown filaments used on the opposite layer or in the center layer(s).
- The fibrous structure may be convolutedly wound to form a roll of fibrous structure. The end edges of the roll of fibrous structure may be contacted with a material to create bond regions.
- A 20%:27.5%47.5%:5% blend of Lyondell-Basell PH835 polypropylene Lyondell-Basell Metocene MF650W polypropylene:Exxon-Mobil PP3546 polypropylene:Polyvel S-1416 wetting agent is dry blended, to form a melt blend. The melt blend is heated to about 405° F. through a melt extruder. A 15.5 inch
wide Biax 12 row spinnerette with 192 nozzles per cross-direction inch, commercially available from Biax Fiberfilm Corporation, is utilized. 64 nozzles per cross-direction inch of the 192 nozzles have a 0.018 inch inside diameter while the remaining nozzles are solid, i.e. there is no opening in the nozzle. Approximately 0.21 grams per hole per minute (ghm) of the melt blend is extruded from the open nozzles to form meltblown filaments from the melt blend. Approximately 500 SCFM of compressed air is heated such that the air exhibits a temperature of about 395° F. at the spinnerette. Approximately 1000 g/minute of Golden Isle (from Georgia Pacific) 4825 semi-treated SSK pulp is defibrillated through a hammermill to form SSK wood pulp fibers (solid additive). Air at a temperature of about 90° F. and about 75% relative humidity (RH) is drawn into the hammermill. Approximately 2000 SCFM of air carries the pulp fibers to two solid additive spreaders. The solid additive spreaders turns the pulp fibers and distributes the pulp fibers in the cross-direction such that the pulp fibers are injected into the meltblown filaments in a perpendicular fashion (with respect to the flow of the filaments) through two 4 inch×15 inch cross-direction (CD) slots. A forming box surrounds the area where the meltblown filaments and pulp fibers are commingled. This forming box is designed to reduce the amount of air allowed to enter or escape from this commingling area. The two slots are oriented opposite of one another on opposite sides of the meltblown filament spinnerette. A forming vacuum pulls air through a collection device, such as a non-patterned forming belt or through-air-drying fabric, thus collecting the commingled meltblown filaments and pulp fibers to form a fibrous structure. The fibrous structure formed by this process comprises about 80% by dry fibrous structure weight of pulp and about 20% by dry fibrous structure weight of meltblown filaments. - Optionally, a meltblown layer of the meltblown filaments, such as a scrim, can be added to one or both sides of the above formed fibrous structure. This addition of the meltblown layer can help reduce the lint created from the fibrous structure during use by consumers and is preferably performed prior to any thermal bonding operation of the fibrous structure. The meltblown filaments for the exterior layers can be the same or different than the meltblown filaments used on the opposite layer or in the center layer(s).
- The fibrous structure may be convolutedly wound to form a roll of fibrous structure. The end edges of the roll of fibrous structure may be contacted with a material to create bond regions.
- A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows. A fibrous structure of the present invention of about 44 g/m2 that comprises a thermal bonded pattern as shown in
FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 358% of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown inFIG. 13 . - A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows. A fibrous structure of the present invention of about 61 g/m2 that comprises a thermal bonded pattern as shown in
FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347% of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown inFIG. 13 . - A pre-moistened wipe according to the present invention is prepared as follows. A fibrous structure of the present invention generally made as described above in the second non-limiting process example exhibits a basis weight of about 65 g/m2 and comprises a thermal bond pattern as shown in
FIG. 12 is saturation loaded with a liquid composition according to the present invention to an average saturation loading of about 347% of the basis weight of the wipe. The wipes are then Z-folded and placed in a stack to a height of about 82 mm as shown inFIG. 13 . - Unless otherwise indicated, all tests described herein including those described under the Definitions section and the following test methods are conducted on samples that have been conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 24 hours prior to the test. All tests are conducted in such conditioned room.
- For the dry test methods described herein (Liquid Absorptive Capacity, Pore Volume Distribution, Basis Weight, and Dynamic Absorption Time), if the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a liquid composition such that the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits a moisture level of about 100% or greater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, then the following pre-conditioning procedure needs to be performed on the fibrous structure or wipe before testing. If the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a liquid composition such that the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits a moisture level of less than about 100% by weight but greater than about 10% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, dry the fibrous structure or wipe in an oven at 85° C. until the fibrous structure or wipe contains less than 3% moisture by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe prior to completing the dry test methods.
- To pre-condition a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture level of about 100% or greater by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe use the following procedure. Fully saturate the fibrous structure or wipe by immersing the fibrous structure or wipe sequentially in 2 L of fresh distilled water in each of 5 buckets, where the water is at a temperature of 23° C.±2.2° C. Gently, agitate the fibrous structure or wipe in the water by moving the fibrous structure or wipe from one side of each bucket to the other at least 5 times, but no more than 10 times for 20 seconds in each of the 5 buckets. Remove the fibrous structure or wipe and then place horizontally in an oven at 85° C. until the fibrous structure or wipe contains less than 3% moisture by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe. After the fibrous structure or wipe exhibits less than 3% moisture, remove from the oven and allow the fibrous structure or wipe to equilibrate to about 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 24 hours prior to the testing. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the fibrous structure and/or wipe is not compressed.
- For the wet test methods described herein (Soil Leak Through, CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength, Lotion Release, Saturation Loading, and Saturation Gradient Index), if the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a moisture level of 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, then the following pre-conditioning procedure needs to be performed on the fibrous structure or wipe prior to testing. If the fibrous structure or wipe comprises a moisture level of about 100% or greater, then the following pre-conditioning procedure is not performed on the fibrous structure or wipe.
- To pre-condition a fibrous structure or wipe comprising a moisture level of 0% to less than about 100% by weight of the fibrous structure or wipe, add an amount of distilled water to the fibrous structure or wipe to achieve a 3.5 g/g saturation loading on the fibrous structure or wipe.
- After the fibrous structure or wipe is saturation loaded to a 3.5 g/g saturation loading, allow the fibrous structure or wipe to equilibrate to about 23° C.±2.2° C. and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 24 hours prior to the testing. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the fibrous structure and/or wipe is not compressed.
- The following method, which is modeled after EDANA 10.4-02, is suitable to measure the Liquid Absorptive Capacity of any fibrous structure or wipe.
- Prepare 5 samples of a pre-conditioned/conditioned fibrous structure or wipe for testing so that an average Liquid Absorptive Capacity of the 5 samples can be obtained.
- Materials/Equipment
-
- 1. Flat stainless steel wire gauze sample holder with handle (commercially available from Humboldt Manufacturing Company) and flat stainless steel wire gauze (commercially available from McMaster-Carr) having a mesh size of 20 and having an overall size of at least 120 mm×120 mm
- 2. Dish of size suitable for submerging the sample holder, with sample attached, in a test liquid, described below, to a depth of approximately 20 mm
- 3. Binder Clips (commercially available from Staples) to hold the sample in place on the sample holder
- 4. Ring stand
- 5. Balance, which reads to four decimal places
- 6. Stopwatch
- 7. Test liquid: deionized water (resistivity >18 megaohms·cm)
- Procedure
- Prepare 5 samples of a fibrous structure or wipe for 5 separate Liquid Absorptive Capacity measurements. Individual test pieces are cut from the 5 samples to a size of approximately 100 mm×100 mm, and if an individual test piece weighs less than 1 gram, stack test pieces together to make sets that weigh at least 1 gram total. Fill the dish with a sufficient quantity of the test liquid described above, and allow it to equilibrate with room test conditions. Record the mass of the test piece(s) for the first measurement before fastening the test piece(s) to the wire gauze sample holder described above with the clips. While trying to avoid the creation of air bubbles, submerge the sample holder in the test liquid to a depth of approximately 20 mm and allow it to sit undisturbed for 60 seconds. After 60 seconds, remove the sample and sample holder from the test liquid. Remove all the binder clips but one, and attach the sample holder to the ring stand with the binder clip so that the sample may vertically hang freely and drain for a total of 120 seconds. After the conclusion of the draining period, gently remove the sample from the sample holder and record the sample's mass. Repeat for the remaining four test pieces or test piece sets.
- Calculation of Liquid Absorptive Capacity
- Liquid Absorptive Capacity is reported in units of grams of liquid composition per gram of the fibrous structure or wipe being tested. Liquid Absorptive Capacity is calculated as follows for each test that is conducted:
-
- In this equation, Mi is the mass in grams of the test piece(s) prior to starting the test, and MX is the mass in grams of the same after conclusion of the test procedure. Liquid Absorptive Capacity is typically reported as the numerical average of at least five tests per sample.
- Pore Volume Distribution measurements are made on a TRI/Autoporosimeter (TRI/Princeton Inc. of Princeton, N.J.). The TRI/Autoporosimeter is an automated computer-controlled instrument for measuring pore volume distributions in porous materials (e.g., the volumes of different size pores within the range from 2.5 to 1000 □μm effective pore radii). Complimentary Automated Instrument Software, Release 2000.1, and Data Treatment Software, Release 2000.1 is used to capture, analyze and output the data. More information on the TRI/Autoporosimeter, its operation and data treatments can be found in The Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 162 (1994), pgs 163-170, incorporated here by reference.
- As used in this application, determining Pore Volume Distribution involves recording the increment of liquid that enters a porous material as the surrounding air pressure changes. A sample in the test chamber is exposed to precisely controlled changes in air pressure. The size (radius) of the largest pore able to hold liquid is a function of the air pressure. As the air pressure increases (decreases), different size pore groups drain (absorb) liquid. The pore volume of each group is equal to this amount of liquid, as measured by the instrument at the corresponding pressure. The effective radius of a pore is related to the pressure differential by the following relationship.
-
Pressure differential=[(2)γ cos Θ]/effective radius - where γ=liquid surface tension, and Θ=contact angle.
- Typically pores are thought of in terms such as voids, holes or conduits in a porous material. It is important to note that this method uses the above equation to calculate effective pore radii based on the constants and equipment controlled pressures. The above equation assumes uniform cylindrical pores. Usually, the pores in natural and manufactured porous materials are not perfectly cylindrical, nor all uniform. Therefore, the effective radii reported here may not equate exactly to measurements of void dimensions obtained by other methods such as microscopy. However, these measurements do provide an accepted means to characterize relative differences in void structure between materials.
- The equipment operates by changing the test chamber air pressure in user-specified increments, either by decreasing pressure (increasing pore size) to absorb liquid, or increasing pressure (decreasing pore size) to drain liquid. The liquid volume absorbed at each pressure increment is the cumulative volume for the group of all pores between the preceding pressure setting and the current setting.
- In this application of the TRI/Autoporosimeter, the liquid is a 0.2 weight % solution of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100 from Union Carbide Chemical and Plastics Co. of Danbury, Conn.) in 99.8 weight % distilled water (specific gravity of solution is about 1.0). The instrument calculation constants are as follows: ρ (density)=1 g/cm3; γ (surface tension)=31 dynes/cm; cos Θ=1. A 0.22 μm Millipore Glass Filter (Millipore Corporation of Bedford, Mass.; Catalog #GSWP09025) is employed on the test chamber's porous plate. A plexiglass plate weighing about 24 g (supplied with the instrument) is placed on the sample to ensure the sample rests flat on the Millipore Filter. No additional weight is placed on the sample.
- The remaining user specified inputs are described below. The sequence of pore sizes (pressures) for this application is as follows (effective pore radius in μm): 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000. This sequence starts with the fibrous structure or wipe sample dry and saturates it as the pore settings increase (typically referred to with respect to the procedure and instrument as the 1st absorption).
- In addition to the fibrous structure or wipe sample being tested, a blank condition (no sample between a plexiglass plate and Millipore Filter) is run to account for any surface and/or edge effects within the test chamber. Any pore volume measured for this blank condition is subtracted from the applicable pore grouping of the fibrous structure or wipe sample being tested. If upon subtracting the blank condition the result is 0 or negative then report a 0 for that pore range. This data treatment can be accomplished manually or with the available TRI/Autoporosimeter Data Treatment Software, Release 2000.1.
- Percent (%) Total Pore Volume is a percentage calculated by taking the volume of fluid in the specific pore radii range divided by the Total Pore Volume. The TRI/Autoporosimeter outputs the volume of fluid within a range of pore radii. The first data obtained is for the “5.0 micron” pore radii which includes fluid absorbed between the pore sizes of 2.5 to 5.0 micron radius. The next data obtained is for “10 micron” pore radii, which includes fluid absorbed between the 5.0 to 10 micron radii, and so on. Following this logic, to obtain the volume held within the range of 91-140 micron radii, one would sum the volumes obtained in the range titled “100 micron”, “110 micron”, “120 micron”, “130 micron”, and finally the “140 micron” pore radii ranges. For example, % Total Pore Volume 91-140 micron pore radii=(volume of fluid between 91-140 micron pore radii)/Total Pore Volume. Total Pore Volume is the sum of all volumes of fluid between 2.5 micron and 1000 micron pore radii.
- Basis weight is measured prior to the application of any end-use lotion, cleaning solution, or other liquid composition, etc. to the fibrous structure or wipe, and follows a modified EDANA 40.3-90 (February 1996) method as described herein below.
-
- 1. Cut at least three test pieces of the fibrous structure or wipe to specific known dimensions, preferably using a pre-cut metal die and die press. Each test piece typically has an area of at least 0.01 m2.
- 2. Use a balance to determine the mass of each test piece in grams; calculate basis weight (mass per unit area), in grams per square meter (gsm), using equation (1).
-
-
- 3. For a fibrous structure or wipe sample, report the numerical average basis weight for all test pieces.
- 4. If only a limited amount of the fibrous structure or wipe is available, basis weight may be measured and reported as the basis weight of one test piece, the largest rectangle possible.
- 5.
- DAT provides a measure of the ability of the fibrous structure or wipe to absorb a test liquid and the time it takes for the test liquid to be absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe, which is in turn used as a measure of how well a fibrous structure or wipe will absorb liquid into the fibrous structure or wipe.
- The DAT test method measures the dimensions of a drop of a liquid composition, in this case a drop of a lotion, from the moment it is in contact with a fibrous structure or wipe to when the drop is absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe. The method also measures the rate of change of the dimensions of the drop with respect to time. Fibrous structures or wipes characterized by low DAT and low initial contact angle values may be more absorbent than those characterized by higher DAT and/or higher initial contact angle values.
- Dynamic Absorbency Test (DAT) measurements of a fibrous structure or wipe are made utilizing a Thwing Albert DAT Fibro 1100 (Thwing Albert, PA). The DAT Fibro 1100 is an automated computer-controlled instrument for measuring contact angle of a drop of a liquid composition on porous materials and the time it takes for the drop of a liquid composition to absorb into the fibrous structure or wipe. Contact angle refers to the angle formed by the fibrous structure or wipe and the tangent to the surface of the liquid composition drop in contact with the fibrous structure or wipe. More information on absorbency of sheet materials using an automated contact angle tester can be found in ASTM D 5725-95.
- The DAT contact angle measurements provide a means that is used in the art to characterize relative differences in absorbent properties of materials.
- The equipment operates by controlling the volume and the ejection pulse of a small drop of a liquid composition discharged directly onto the surface of a fibrous structure or wipe. The height, base and angle produced as the liquid composition drop settles and becomes absorbed into the fibrous structure or wipe are determined based on an internal calibrated gray scale. In this application, a DAT Fibro 1100 series model (high speed camera resolution for porous absorbent paper substrates) is calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions and using a .292 calibration sled. The instrument is set to discharge a 4 microliter (μL) drop of a liquid composition, a stroke pulse of 8, cannula tip of 340, drop bottom of 208, and paper position of 134.
- The fibrous structure or wipe samples to be tested are cut to approximately 0.5 inches in length and not exceeding the width of the sample sled associated with the testing equipment. The fibrous structure or wipe samples are cut along the MD direction of the fibrous structure or wipe to minimize neckdown and structural changes during handling. The fibrous structure or wipe samples as well as the liquid composition(s) to be dropped onto the fibrous structures or wipes are allowed to equilibrate to 23°±2.2° C. and 50% relative humidity for at least 4 hours. The liquid composition(s) are prepared by filling a clean dry syringe (0.9 mm diameter, part #1100406, Thwing Albert) at least half way. The syringe should be rinsed with the liquid composition of interest prior to the test and this can be achieved by filling/emptying the syringe 3 consecutive times with the liquid composition. In the present measurements, the liquid composition used is an aqueous composition that contains distilled water and a nonionic surfactant; namely,
Triton® X 100, which is commercially available from Dow Chemical Company, at levels to result in the aqueous composition exhibiting a surface tension of 30 dynes/cm. The fibrous structure or wipe and the liquid composition are loaded into the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions. The controlling software is designed to eject the liquid composition onto the fibrous structure or wipe and measure the following parameters: time for the liquid composition to absorb into fibrous structure or wipe, contact angle, base, height, and volume. - A total of 10 measurements of the time the liquid composition drop takes to be absorbed by the fibrous structure or wipe for each side of the fibrous structure or wipe are made. The reported DAT value (in seconds) is the average of the 20 measurements (10 from each side) of a fibrous structure or wipe.
- The following method is used to measure the soil leak through value for a fibrous structure or wipe.
- First, prepare a test composition to be used in the soil leak through test. The test composition is prepared by weighing out 8.6 g of Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix (available from WalMart—do not use LowCal or Sugar Free pudding mix). Add 10 mL of distilled water to the 8.6 g of mix. Stir the mix until smooth to form the pudding. Cover the pudding and let stand at 23° C.±2.2° C. for 2 hours before use to allow thorough hydration of the pudding mix.
- The Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix can be purchased at http://www.walmart.com/ip/Great-Value-Chocolate-Instant-Pudding-3.9-oz/10534173. The ingredients listed on the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix are the following: Sugar, Modified Food Starch, Dextrose, Cocoa Powder Processed With Alkali, Disodium Phosphate, Contains 2% Or Less Of Nonfat Dry Milk, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Salt, Natural And Artificial Flavoring, Mono- And Diglycerides (Prevent Foaming), Palm Oil,
Red 40,Yellow 5,Blue 1. Titanium Dioxide (For Color). Allergy Warning: Contains Milk. May Contain Traces Of Eggs, Almonds, Coconut, Pecans, Pistachios, Peanuts, Wheat And Soy. - Transfer the test composition to a syringe using a sterile tongue depressor for ease of handling.
- Tare weight of a piece of wax paper. The basis weight of the wax paper is about 35 gsm to about 40 gsm. Wax paper is supplied from the Reynolds Company under the Cut-Rite brand name. Weigh out 0.6±0.05 g of the test composition on the wax paper. Prepare 5 samples of a fibrous structure or wipe to be tested. The 5 samples of fibrous structure or wipe are cut, if necessary to dimensions of 150 mm×150 mm. One of the 5 samples will be the control sample (no test composition will be applied to it). On a flat surface, place the wax paper with the test composition onto one of the remaining 4 test samples of fibrous structure or wipe that has been folded in half to create a two-ply structure such that the test composition is positioned between an exterior surface of the fibrous structure or wipe and the wax paper. Gently place a 500 g balance weight with a 1⅝ inch diameter (yielding about 0.5 psi) on the wax paper, e.g.) for 10 seconds making sure not to press on the weight when placing the weight on the wax paper. 500 gram balance weights are available from the McMaster-Carr Company. After the 10 seconds, remove the weight and gently unfold the fibrous structure or wipe. Examine the soil color visible from the interior surface of the de facto “second ply” (the surface of the portion of the fibrous structure or wipe that is facing inward and is not the backside of the portion of the fibrous structure or wipe to which the test composition was applied). A Hunter Color Lab Scan is used to examine this interior surface. The color may diffuse over time; so examine the wipes at a consistent time interval (within 10 minutes after placing the weight on the wax paper) for better sample to sample comparison. Repeat the test composition application procedure for the remaining test samples of fibrous structure or wipe.
- The color present on the interior surface of each test sample of fibrous structure or wipe to be analyzed is then analyzed using a Hunter Color Lab instrument.
- Hunter Color Lab Scan Procedure
- (Calibration)
- 1. Set scale to XYZ.
- 2. Set observer to 10.
- 3. Set both illuminations to D65.
- 4. Set procedure to none and click ok.
- 5. Check to see if read procedures is set to none.
- 6. Place green plate on port and click read sample. Enter sample ID green.
- 7. Place white plate on port and click read sample. Enter sample ID white.
- 8. Open calibration excel file, click on file save as and enter today's date.
- 9. Go back to test page of hunter color and highlight XY&Z numbers, click on edit, copy.
- 10. Open up today's calibration sheet and paste numbers in the value read cell. Check value read to actual value. Values must be within specs to pass.
- 11. Printout calibration report.
- (Test)
- 1. Click on active view.
- 2. Set Scale to Cielab.
- 3. Set both illuminate to C.
- 4. Set observer to 2.
- 5. Set procedure to none.
- 6. Click ok.
- 7. Click clear all.
- 8. Scan the control sample to measure and record the L value of the control sample.
- 9. After removing the weight from a test sample of fibrous structure or wipe as described above, unfold the test sample and place the test sample of fibrous structure or wipe on instrument port such that the color of the interior surface of the de facto “second ply” as described above can be analyzed. Place a fresh piece of wax paper on top of the test sample to avoid contaminating the instrument.
- 10. Click read sample to measure and record the L value of the test sample. Enter name of sample. Click ok. Repeat for the remaining test samples.
- 11. After the L values of the 4 test samples have been measured and recorded, average the L values for the 4 test samples.
- 12. Calculate the Soil Leak Through Lr Value for the fibrous structure or wipe tested by determining the difference between the L value of the control sample and the average L value of the 4 test samples.
- The reported Soil Leak Through Lr Value is the difference in the L color value from the Hunter Color Lab between the control sample and the test sample of the fibrous structure or wipe. A Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 20 and/or less than 15 and/or less than 10 and/or less than 5 and/or less than 2 is desirable. The lower the value, the more the fibrous structure or wipe prevents soil leak through.
- A suitable equivalent to the Great Value Instant chocolate pudding mix test composition can be made by the following procedure for use in the test method described above.
- First, a test composition for testing purposes is prepared. In order to make the test composition, a dry powder mix is first made. The dry powder mix comprises dehydrated tomato dices (Harmony House or NorthBay); dehydrated spinach flakes (Harmony House or NorthBay); dehydrated cabbage (Harmony House or NorthBay); whole psyllium husk (available from Now Healthy Foods that has to be sieved with 600 μm cutoff to collect greater than 600 μm particles and then ground to collect 250-300 μm particles) (alternatively available from Barry Farm as a powder that has to be sieved to collect 250-300 μm particles); palmitic acid (95% Alfa Aeser B20322); and calcium stearate (Alfa Aeser 39423). Next add food grade yeast powders commercially available as Provesta® 000 and Ohly® HTC (both commercially available from Ohly Americas, Hutchinson, Minn.).
- If grinding of the vegetables needs to be performed, an IKA A11 basic grinder (commercially available from VWR or Rose Scientific LTD) is used. To grind the vegetables, add the vegetable flakes to the grinding bowl. Fill to the mark (within the metal cup, do not over fill). Power on for 5 seconds. Stop.
Tap powder 5 times. Repeat power on (for 5 seconds), stop and tap powder (5 times)procedure 4 more times. Sieve the ground powder by stacking a 600 μm opening sieve on top of a 300 μm opening sieve such that powders of 300 μm or less are collected. Regrind any remaining powders that are larger than 300 μm one time. Collect powders of 300 μm or less. - The test composition is prepared by mixing the above identified ingredients in the following levels in Table 3 below.
-
TABLE 3 Soil Powder Premix Grams % Tomato Powder 20.059 18.353 Psyllium Husk 0.599 0.548 Cabbage 2.145 1.963 Spinach Powder 8.129 7.438 Provesta 000 40.906 37.428 Ohly HCT 16.628 15.214 Palmitic acid/Calcium Stearate (2:1) 20.827 19.056 - The palmitic acid/calcium stearate blend is prepared by grinding together and collecting powders of 300 μm or less from a blend of 20.0005 g palmitic acid and 10.006 g calcium stearate.
- To make up the test composition, 21 g of distilled water at 23° C.±2.2° C. is added to every 9 g of the soil powder premix described above in Table 3 used in a suitable container. A tongue depressor is used to stir the composition until the composition, which may be a paste, is homogeneous, about 2 minutes of stirring. Cover the container loosely with a piece of aluminum foil and let stand for 2 hours at 23°±2.2° C. Next add 4 drops of FD&C
Red Dye # 40 and stir until completely mixed, about 2 minutes of stirring. The test composition is ready for use in the soil leak through test. - The CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of a fibrous structure or wipe is determined using a modified EDANA 20.2.89 method, which generally sets forth the following test method.
- Cut 5-50±0.5 mm wide (MD) and more than 150 mm long (CD) test strips (so that a distance of 100 mm can be obtained between the jaws of the dynamometer) of the fibrous structure or wipe to be tested with a laboratory paper cutter or a template and scalpel (not scissors, as the test pieces must be cut out cleanly according to ERT 130).
- Using a tensile testing machine (dynamometer) with a constant rate of extension (100 mm/min) and
jaws 50 mm wide (capable of holding the cut sample securely across their full widths without damage) and fitted with a system for recording force-elongation curves. - Place a strip to be tested in the jaws of the tensile testing machine, the jaws being 100 mm±1 mm apart.
- Apply a constant rate of extension (100 mm/min) and record the force-elongation curve.
- Discard the results from any test strip where the break occurs in the clamp or where any break reaches the jaws.
- Establish the scale of force-elongation curve. Use the force-elongation curve to determine the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength in newtons (N). If several peak values for the applied force occur during the test, take the highest value as the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of the strip and note this in the test report. Repeat the procedure on additional strips from the fibrous structure wipe to get an average CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength from 5 samples, which is the reported CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength in N to the nearest 0.1 N.
- The lotion release of a fibrous structure or wipe is determined by wiping the fibrous structure or wipe over a defined area, using a defined pressure and default speed of the instrument.
- A wiping apparatus capable of simulating a wiping process is used. A suitable wiping apparatus is available from Manfred Führer GmbH, D-60489 Frankfurt, GERMANY. The wiping apparatus has a surface on which a skin analogue (a self-adhesive
DC fix foil 40 cm×40 cm available from Konrad Hornschuch AG, 74679 Weissbach, GERMANY) is placed. The wiping apparatus further has a mechanical arm with a wiping hand (180 mm×78 mm) attached that applies a wiping pressure of 8.5 g/cm2 to the skin analog. - To run the test, place the skin analogue on the surface of the wiping apparatus. With nitrile/powder free gloves on, weigh a fibrous structure or wipe to be tested to get its initial mass. Unfold the fibrous structure or wipe, if folded, and place it onto the already stuck skin analogue. Gently place the wiping hand on the top of the fibrous structure or wipe. Tightly attach the fibrous structure or wipe to the wiping hand such that only a 180 mm×78 mm portion of the fibrous structure or wipe will come into contact with the skin analogue when the wiping movements of the wiping hand are performed. Ensure that the wiping apparatus is on and perform 3 wiping movements. The first wiping movement is a 90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand and fibrous structure or wipe attached thereto. The second wiping movement is a 90° return stroke over the same portion of the skin analogue that the first wiping movement traveled. The third wiping movement is another 90° stroke of the wiping arm including the wiping hand and fibrous structure or wipe attached thereto, like the first wiping movement, and it travels over the same portion of the skin analogue as the first and second wiping movements. Carefully remove the fibrous structure or wipe from the wiping hand being careful not to wipe the fibrous structure or wipe on the skin analogue while removing it from the wiping hand. Weigh the fibrous structure or wipe again to obtain the final mass. The lotion release for the fibrous structure or wipe is the difference between the initial mass of the fibrous structure or wipe and the final mass of the fibrous structure or wipe. Clean the skin analogue with a dry tissue. Repeat the procedure again starting with weighing the next fibrous structure or wipe to get its initial mass. The reported lotion release value is the average lotion release value of 10 tested fibrous structures or wipes
- The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
- All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
- While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (20)
1. A wet wipe comprising a liquid composition, wherein the wet wipe comprises a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of filaments, wherein the wet wipe exhibits a Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 8.5 as measured according to the Soil Leak Through Test Method and a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 5.5 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method.
2. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the wet wipe exhibits a CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength of greater than 6.0 N as measured according to the CD Wet Initial Tensile Strength Test Method.
3. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the wet wipe exhibits a Basis Weight of at least about 15 g/m2 to about 120 g/m2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method.
4. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of filaments comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
5. The wet wipe according to claim 4 wherein the thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly caprolactone and mixtures thereof.
6. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous structure further comprises a plurality of solid additives.
7. The wet wipe according to claim 6 wherein at least one of the plurality of solid additives comprises a fiber.
8. The wet wipe according to claim 7 wherein the fiber comprises a wood pulp fiber.
9. The wet wipe according to claim 8 wherein the wood pulp fiber is selected from the group consisting of: Southern Softwood Kraft pulp fibers, Northern Softwood Kraft pulp fibers, Eucalyptus pulp fibers, Acacia pulp fibers.
10. The wet wipe according to claim 7 wherein the fiber is selected from the group consisting of: rayon, lyocell, cotton, wool, silk, jute, linen, ramie, hemp, flax, camel hair, kenaf, polyester, nylon, polyolefin, starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, chitin, chitosan, polyisoprene, peptide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, copolymers of polyolefins, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone and combinations thereof.
11. The wet wipe according to claim 6 wherein the fibrous structure is a co-formed fibrous structure.
12. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the wet wipe is an embossed wet wipe.
13. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of filaments comprises meltblown filaments.
14. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the liquid composition comprises a lotion composition.
15. The wet wipe according to claim 14 wherein the at least one of the plurality of wet wipes exhibits a Lotion Release of greater than 0.25 as measured according to the Lotion Release Test Method.
16. The wet wipe according to claim 14 wherein wet wipe exhibits a DAT of less than 0.04 as measured according to the DAT Test Method.
17. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the wet wipe exhibits a Soil Leak Through Lr Value of less than 2 as measured according to the Soil Leak Through Test Method.
18. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the Basis Weight of the wet wipe is less than 55 g/m2 as measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method.
19. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein a stack of a plurality of the wet wipes exhibits a Saturation Gradient Index of less than 1.5.
20. The wet wipe according to claim 1 wherein the wet wipe exhibits a pore volume distribution such that at least 43% of the total pore volume present in the wet wipe exists in pores of radii of from 91 μm to 140 μm as measured according to the Pore Volume Distribution Test Method.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/143,810 US20230272585A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2023-05-05 | Fibrous Structures and Methods for Making Same |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31932510P | 2010-03-31 | 2010-03-31 | |
US13/076,492 US9631321B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Absorptive fibrous structures |
US15/455,558 US10240297B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2017-03-10 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/356,294 US10697127B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2019-03-18 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/914,526 US11680373B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2020-06-29 | Container for fibrous wipes |
US18/143,810 US20230272585A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2023-05-05 | Fibrous Structures and Methods for Making Same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/914,526 Continuation US11680373B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2020-06-29 | Container for fibrous wipes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20230272585A1 true US20230272585A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
Family
ID=44169172
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/076,492 Active 2032-09-06 US9631321B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Absorptive fibrous structures |
US15/455,558 Active US10240297B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2017-03-10 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/356,294 Active US10697127B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2019-03-18 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/914,526 Active 2032-02-08 US11680373B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2020-06-29 | Container for fibrous wipes |
US18/143,810 Abandoned US20230272585A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2023-05-05 | Fibrous Structures and Methods for Making Same |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/076,492 Active 2032-09-06 US9631321B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Absorptive fibrous structures |
US15/455,558 Active US10240297B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2017-03-10 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/356,294 Active US10697127B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2019-03-18 | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US16/914,526 Active 2032-02-08 US11680373B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2020-06-29 | Container for fibrous wipes |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US9631321B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5770262B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2795139C (en) |
DE (1) | DE112011101164T5 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2959518A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2493292B (en) |
IL (1) | IL222096A (en) |
MX (1) | MX346871B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011123584A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (87)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8921244B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2014-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hydroxyl polymer fiber fibrous structures and processes for making same |
US8852474B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2014-10-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making fibrous structures |
US10024000B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US20090022983A1 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-22 | David William Cabell | Fibrous structures |
US7972986B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2011-07-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
PL2496769T3 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2017-01-31 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
CA2779110C (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2014-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polypropylene fibrous elements and processes for making same |
EP2496737A1 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2012-09-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous elements and fibrous structures employing same |
JP5770262B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2015-08-26 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブルカンパニー | Fibrous structure and method for producing the same |
JP5777474B2 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-09-09 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Wet wipes and manufacturing method thereof |
CN106968050B (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2019-08-27 | 宝洁公司 | Fibre structure containing active material with multiple regions |
US20130171421A1 (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Active containing fibrous structures with multiple regions having differing characteristics |
AT512621B1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-09-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | hygiene product |
US8968517B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2015-03-03 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
WO2014025665A2 (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Folded and lotioned web products |
WO2014120566A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing composition and a wet wipe comprising the same |
WO2014193925A2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles comprising a fragrance accord |
EP3021816A1 (en) | 2013-07-15 | 2016-05-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing composition having a preservative system and a wet wipe comprising the cleansing composition |
EP3049564B1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2020-05-20 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Nonwoven web with highly detailed and structurally advantageous bond pattern |
WO2015047987A1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-04-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipes comprising a fibrous structure and a liquid composition |
WO2015112697A1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Skin care wipes comprising added natural antibacterial agents |
CA2949097C (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2023-11-14 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
US10765613B2 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-09-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable lotion emulsion composition and wet wipe |
JP6450145B2 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2019-01-09 | 日本製紙クレシア株式会社 | Nonwoven sheet for interpersonal wiping |
MX369078B (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2019-10-28 | First Quality Tissue Llc | Cannabis fiber, absorbent cellulosic structures containing cannabis fiber and methods of making the same. |
MX2017006716A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2018-03-21 | First Quality Tissue Llc | Soft tissue produced using a structured fabric and energy efficient pressing. |
CA2967986C (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2023-09-19 | Structured I, Llc | Manufacturing process for papermaking belts using 3d printing technology |
WO2016196711A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Article of manufacture making system |
WO2016196712A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Article of manufacture making system |
US10543488B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2020-01-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Discretizer and method of using same |
US10092483B2 (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2018-10-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of absorbent articles including a fragrance accord and a lotion composition |
EP3317445B1 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2020-12-23 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure and method for manufacturing |
EP3317446B1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-07-24 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web |
US9944047B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-04-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure |
EP3317369A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-05-09 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure |
WO2017004117A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltblown fibrous web structure and method for manufacturing |
WO2017003813A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Coating for controlled release |
WO2017011234A1 (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Layered fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US10711395B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2020-07-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textured fibrous structures |
JP2017046790A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | 日本製紙クレシア株式会社 | Wet Wiper |
US10538882B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-21 | Structured I, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
MX2018004621A (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2019-08-12 | First Quality Tissue Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions. |
EP3362366A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2019-06-19 | First Quality Tissue, LLC | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
US10874279B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2020-12-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compressible pre-moistened fibrous structures |
WO2017106416A1 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Pre-moistened fibrous structures exhibiting increased mileage |
ES2866077T3 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2021-10-19 | Procter & Gamble | Pre-moistened fibrous structures that exhibit higher capacity |
JP2017115262A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 日本製紙クレシア株式会社 | Method for producing nonwoven fabric sheet |
CN109154143A (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2019-01-04 | 结构 I 有限责任公司 | The band or fabric including polymeric layer for paper machine |
WO2017176665A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Layered fibrous structures with different common intensive properties |
US20170282522A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous Structures Different Fibrous Elements |
US20170282487A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Layered Fibrous Structures with Inter-Layer Voids |
US20170282520A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous Structures Different Fibrous Elements |
WO2017176662A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising different fibrous elements |
US20170314206A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
US10801141B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2020-10-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous nonwoven coform web structure with visible shaped particles, and method for manufacture |
US20180002848A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Enhanced co-formed/meltspun fibrous web structure |
WO2018013152A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising metathesized unsaturated polyol esters |
WO2018039623A1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Structured I, Llc | Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness |
CA3036821A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Structured I, Llc | Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire |
US10265249B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2019-04-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising glyceride copolymers |
CA3036756C (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2023-10-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure-containing articles |
US20180105990A1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Differential Cellulose Content Articles |
EP3526404B8 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2021-09-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure-containing articles that exhibit consumer relevant properties |
US11583489B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2023-02-21 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
US10722092B2 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2020-07-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Pre-moistened cleaning pads |
CA3043525C (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures having a contact surface |
US11220790B2 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2022-01-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-ply fibrous structures |
US11149383B2 (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2021-10-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Layered fibrous structures |
US10619309B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2020-04-14 | Structured I, Llc | Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt |
US20200277737A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-09-03 | Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag | Coreless roll of absorbent sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
EP3714086A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2021-10-06 | Extrusion Group, LLC | Meltblown die tip assembly and method |
US11097881B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-08-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of wet wipe packages |
US11039989B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of wet wipe packages |
US11090242B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipes comprising a lotion |
US11039988B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2021-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipe comprising a lotion |
DE102018114748A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Laminated paper machine clothing |
US11738927B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
US11697538B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-07-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
US11273625B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-03-15 | The Clorox Company | Process for manufacturing multi-layer substrates comprising sandwich layers and polyethylene |
CN114901878B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2024-07-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Cleaning wipe formed from nonwoven material comprising ethylene/alpha-olefin interpolymer |
TW202138647A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-10-16 | 奧地利商蘭仁股份有限公司 | Process for the production of spunbonded nonwoven |
US11740418B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2023-08-29 | Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. | Barrier structure with passage for waveguide in photonic integrated circuit |
EP4144336A1 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2023-03-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipes with a cellulosic substrate and gentle lotion |
EP4094805B1 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2024-03-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipes with a cellulosic substrate and gentle lotion |
US20240052571A1 (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2024-02-15 | World Centric | Moisture/oil resistant composite materials |
WO2024137567A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2024-06-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wet wipe |
WO2024177947A1 (en) | 2023-02-23 | 2024-08-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packaged consumer product with preservative generation system |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9631321B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2017-04-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorptive fibrous structures |
Family Cites Families (250)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2008031A (en) | 1934-01-31 | 1935-07-16 | Miltner Arthur | Self-lubricating drill |
US2175045A (en) | 1936-08-20 | 1939-10-03 | Vogel Rudolf | Coiled material |
US3521638A (en) | 1969-02-10 | 1970-07-28 | Du Pont | Fabrics having water soluble discrete areas and methods of making |
US3838692A (en) | 1972-11-27 | 1974-10-01 | Johnson & Johnson | Hydrophobic sheet with hydrophilic passages |
US4100324A (en) * | 1974-03-26 | 1978-07-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven fabric and method of producing same |
US3954361A (en) | 1974-05-23 | 1976-05-04 | Beloit Corporation | Melt blowing apparatus with parallel air stream fiber attenuation |
US3994771A (en) | 1975-05-30 | 1976-11-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for forming a layered paper web having improved bulk, tactile impression and absorbency and paper thereof |
CA1079016A (en) | 1976-03-25 | 1980-06-10 | Donald S. Greif | Water insensitive starch fibers and a process for the production thereof |
CA1073648A (en) | 1976-08-02 | 1980-03-18 | Edward R. Hauser | Web of blended microfibers and crimped bulking fibers |
DE2713601C2 (en) | 1977-03-28 | 1983-09-01 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Device for preparing the exit surface of spinnerets |
US4243480A (en) | 1977-10-17 | 1981-01-06 | National Starch And Chemical Corporation | Process for the production of paper containing starch fibers and the paper produced thereby |
US4370289A (en) | 1979-07-19 | 1983-01-25 | American Can Company | Fibrous web structure and its manufacture |
US4300981A (en) | 1979-11-13 | 1981-11-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Layered paper having a soft and smooth velutinous surface, and method of making such paper |
US4355066A (en) | 1980-12-08 | 1982-10-19 | The Kendall Company | Spot-bonded absorbent composite towel material having 60% or more of the surface area unbonded |
ZA828635B (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1983-10-26 | Kimberly Clark Ltd | Microfibre web product |
US4436780A (en) | 1982-09-02 | 1984-03-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven wiper laminate |
JPS59211667A (en) | 1983-05-11 | 1984-11-30 | チコピ− | Composite cloth and production thereof |
US4628585A (en) | 1984-02-18 | 1986-12-16 | Georg Sillner | Apparatus for the automatic handling of electrical components |
ZA851661B (en) | 1984-03-29 | 1986-10-29 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Sorbent sheet material |
US4724114A (en) | 1984-04-23 | 1988-02-09 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Selective layering of superabsorbents in meltblown substrates |
US4604313A (en) | 1984-04-23 | 1986-08-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Selective layering of superabsorbents in meltblown substrates |
US4634621A (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1987-01-06 | The James River Corporation | Scrim reinforced, cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making |
US4636418A (en) | 1984-05-17 | 1987-01-13 | James River Corporation | Cloth-like composite laminate and a method of making |
US4786550A (en) | 1985-05-06 | 1988-11-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Meltblown and coform materials having application as seed beds |
GB8512206D0 (en) | 1985-05-14 | 1985-06-19 | Kimberly Clark Ltd | Non-woven material |
US4720415A (en) | 1985-07-30 | 1988-01-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composite elastomeric material and process for making the same |
US4623576A (en) | 1985-10-22 | 1986-11-18 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Lightweight nonwoven tissue and method of manufacture |
US4803117A (en) | 1986-03-24 | 1989-02-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Coformed ethylene-vinyl copolymer elastomeric fibrous webs |
US4863779A (en) | 1986-03-24 | 1989-09-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composite elastomeric material |
US4675226A (en) | 1986-07-07 | 1987-06-23 | Ott Hoye L | Stitchbonded composite wiper |
US4773903A (en) | 1987-06-02 | 1988-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Composite absorbent structures |
US4855179A (en) | 1987-07-29 | 1989-08-08 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Production of nonwoven fibrous articles |
US4808467A (en) | 1987-09-15 | 1989-02-28 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | High strength hydroentangled nonwoven fabric |
US4885202A (en) | 1987-11-24 | 1989-12-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Tissue laminate |
US4970104A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1990-11-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven material subjected to hydraulic jet treatment in spots |
US4939016A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1990-07-03 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Hydraulically entangled nonwoven elastomeric web and method of forming the same |
US4931355A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1990-06-05 | Radwanski Fred R | Nonwoven fibrous hydraulically entangled non-elastic coform material and method of formation thereof |
US4879170A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1989-11-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven fibrous hydraulically entangled elastic coform material and method of formation thereof |
US5120888A (en) | 1988-04-14 | 1992-06-09 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Surface-segregatable, melt-extrudable thermoplastic composition |
JPH01318045A (en) | 1988-05-10 | 1989-12-22 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | Composite material composed of wet molding mixture of glass fiber and thermoplastic fiber |
US4931201A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1990-06-05 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Wiping cloth for cleaning non-abrasive surfaces |
US4906513A (en) | 1988-10-03 | 1990-03-06 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven wiper laminate |
US4851168A (en) | 1988-12-28 | 1989-07-25 | Dow Corning Corporation | Novel polyvinyl alcohol compositions and products prepared therefrom |
IT1231881B (en) | 1989-03-16 | 1992-01-14 | Faricerca Spa | Disposable absorbent article |
US5160746A (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1992-11-03 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus for forming a nonwoven web |
US5026587A (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1991-06-25 | The James River Corporation | Wiping fabric |
US5144729A (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1992-09-08 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Wiping fabric and method of manufacture |
US5120642A (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1992-06-09 | Coulter Corporation | Monoclonal antibody which distinguishes helper inducer and suppressor inducer cd4+ lymphocytes |
US5272236A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1993-12-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
US5227107A (en) | 1990-08-07 | 1993-07-13 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Process and apparatus for forming nonwovens within a forming chamber |
FR2667622B1 (en) | 1990-10-08 | 1994-10-07 | Kaysersberg Sa | HYDRAULICALLY LINKED MONTISSE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF. |
US5316601A (en) | 1990-10-25 | 1994-05-31 | Absorbent Products, Inc. | Fiber blending system |
US5094717A (en) * | 1990-11-15 | 1992-03-10 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Synthetic fiber paper having a permanent crepe |
US5145727A (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1992-09-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Multilayer nonwoven composite structure |
US5149576A (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1992-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Multilayer nonwoven laminiferous structure |
US5254399A (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1993-10-19 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited | Nonwoven fabric |
CA2048905C (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1998-08-11 | Cherie H. Everhart | High pulp content nonwoven composite fabric |
US5143679A (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for sequentially stretching zero strain stretch laminate web to impart elasticity thereto without rupturing the web |
US5254133A (en) | 1991-04-24 | 1993-10-19 | Seid Arnold S | Surgical implantation device and related method of use |
US5204165A (en) | 1991-08-21 | 1993-04-20 | International Paper Company | Nonwoven laminate with wet-laid barrier fabric and related method |
ZA92308B (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1992-10-28 | Kimberly Clark Co | Thin absorbent article having rapid uptake of liquid |
ATE178666T1 (en) | 1992-01-13 | 1999-04-15 | Hercules Inc | HEAT BONDABLE FIBERS FOR RESISTANT NON-WOVEN MATERIALS |
WO1994019179A1 (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1994-09-01 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Novel composite web |
US5427696A (en) | 1992-04-09 | 1995-06-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable chemical softening composition useful in fibrous cellulosic materials |
US5350624A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1994-09-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Abrasion resistant fibrous nonwoven composite structure |
US5518801A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1996-05-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web materials exhibiting elastic-like behavior |
US5436066A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-25 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent composition including a microfiber |
CN1150218C (en) | 1994-04-11 | 2004-05-19 | 赫希斯特人造丝公司 | Superabsorbent polymers and products therefrom |
CA2136576C (en) | 1994-06-27 | 2005-03-08 | Bernard Cohen | Improved nonwoven barrier and method of making the same |
US5536563A (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1996-07-16 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven elastomeric material |
US5476616A (en) | 1994-12-12 | 1995-12-19 | Schwarz; Eckhard C. A. | Apparatus and process for uniformly melt-blowing a fiberforming thermoplastic polymer in a spinnerette assembly of multiple rows of spinning orifices |
JP3358356B2 (en) * | 1994-12-26 | 2002-12-16 | 王子製紙株式会社 | Composite nonwoven fabric having aperture pattern and method for producing composite nonwoven fabric |
US5539056A (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1996-07-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomers |
US5611890A (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1997-03-18 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Tissue paper containing a fine particulate filler |
US5587225A (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1996-12-24 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Knit-like nonwoven composite fabric |
US5948710A (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1999-09-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Water-dispersible fibrous nonwoven coform composites |
US5952251A (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1999-09-14 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Coformed dispersible nonwoven fabric bonded with a hybrid system |
US5652048A (en) | 1995-08-02 | 1997-07-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High bulk nonwoven sorbent |
US5811178A (en) | 1995-08-02 | 1998-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient |
DE69629081T2 (en) | 1995-09-14 | 2004-05-27 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd. | Absorbent composite material, absorbent article and process for their manufacture |
US5658639A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-08-19 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web exhibiting surface energy gradients |
US5628097A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1997-05-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web |
US5834385A (en) | 1996-04-05 | 1998-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Oil-sorbing article and methods for making and using same |
US6028018A (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2000-02-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wet wipes with improved softness |
US6296936B1 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 2001-10-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Coform material having improved fluid handling and method for producing |
US6423884B1 (en) | 1996-10-11 | 2002-07-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article having apertures for fecal material |
US5962112A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1999-10-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wipers comprising point unbonded webs |
JP3409988B2 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2003-05-26 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Wipe sheet |
US6383431B1 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2002-05-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of modifying a nonwoven fibrous web for use as component of a disposable absorbent article |
US5914084A (en) | 1997-04-04 | 1999-06-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of making a stabilized extensible nonwoven web |
US6150005A (en) | 1997-04-15 | 2000-11-21 | International Paper Company | Synthetic paper |
US6129801A (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2000-10-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for making a stable web having enhanced extensibility in multiple directions |
KR100504214B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 | 2005-07-28 | 카르길,인코포레이티드 | Degradable polymer fibers, preparation, product, and methods of use |
US6608236B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2003-08-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Stabilized absorbent material and systems for personal care products having controlled placement of visco-elastic fluids |
US6172276B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 2001-01-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Stabilized absorbent material for improved distribution performance with visco-elastic fluids |
WO1998055295A1 (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-10 | Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. | High strength baby wipe composite |
US6103061A (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2000-08-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Soft, strong hydraulically entangled nonwoven composite material and method for making the same |
JP3400702B2 (en) | 1997-12-26 | 2003-04-28 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Nonwoven fabric manufacturing method |
US6200120B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 | 2001-03-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Die head assembly, apparatus, and process for meltblowing a fiberforming thermoplastic polymer |
US5997690A (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-12-07 | Basf Corporation | Smooth textured wet-laid absorbent structure |
JPH11310099A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-09 | Takata Kk | Driver's seat air bag device |
US6261679B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous absorbent material and methods of making the same |
WO1999064673A1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-16 | Fort James Corporation | Method of making a paper web having a high internal void volume of secondary fibers and a product made by the process |
US6759356B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 2004-07-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous electret polymeric articles |
US6179235B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-01-30 | Kimberly-Clark Limited | Collaspe resistant center feed roll and process of making thereof |
US6177370B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2001-01-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fabric |
SE512947C2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2000-06-12 | Sca Research Ab | Method of making a paper with a three-dimensional pattern |
US6231721B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2001-05-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Compressible wood pulp product |
US6110848A (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2000-08-29 | Fort James Corporation | Hydroentangled three ply webs and products made therefrom |
DE19851674A1 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-11 | Karl Weber Betonwerk Gmbh & Co | Building block and masonry made from it |
US6589892B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2003-07-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Bicomponent nonwoven webs containing adhesive and a third component |
US6686303B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2004-02-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Bicomponent nonwoven webs containing splittable thermoplastic filaments and a third component |
US6162180A (en) | 1998-12-28 | 2000-12-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Non-invasive cardiac monitoring system and method with communications interface |
US6417120B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2002-07-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Particle-containing meltblown webs |
US6319342B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-11-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming meltblown webs containing particles |
CO5111032A1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2001-12-26 | Kimberly Clark Co | MULTIPLE FOLDER CLEANER |
DE60009886T2 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2005-03-31 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington | polysaccharide |
NZ503232A (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2001-11-30 | Humatro Corp | Melt processable starch compositions comprising amylopectin and a high polymer (such as polyacrylamide) |
US6348253B1 (en) | 1999-04-03 | 2002-02-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sanitary pad for variable flow management |
PE20001393A1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-12-13 | Kimberly Clark Co | FIBROUS STRUCTURES INCLUDING A SET OF FIBERS AND A RELEASING AGENT |
US6521555B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2003-02-18 | First Quality Nonwovens, Inc. | Method of making media of controlled porosity and product thereof |
US6465073B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2002-10-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Variable stretch material and process to make it |
US6257410B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2001-07-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dispensable products having end-wise indicia |
DE19938809A1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-22 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Manufacture of absorbent non-woven for absorbing and holding liquids, consist of wood pulp fibers carried on support layer by initial deposition of micro-fibers on support layer |
US6979386B1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2005-12-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having increased absorbency |
US6494974B2 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2002-12-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming meltblown webs containing particles |
DE19959832A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-07-12 | Hakle Kimberly De Gmbh | Layer adhesion system for multilaminar paper on roll, e.g. toilet paper, with mechanical or glue joints in form of strips in edge region only |
US6383336B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2002-05-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Strong, soft non-compressively dried tissue products containing particulate fillers |
WO2001066345A1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent, non-linting nonwoven web |
NZ517459A (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2002-09-27 | Humatro Corp | Starch product comprising starch and a plasticiser or diluent |
MXPA00012782A (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2005-05-12 | Procter & Gamble | Melt processable starch compositions. |
EP1156147A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-21 | Kang Na Hsiung Enterprise Co. Ltd. | Non-woven composite fabric |
EP1156160A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-21 | WCK Limited | A canopy |
JP4641340B2 (en) | 2000-09-20 | 2011-03-02 | 日本製紙クレシア株式会社 | Wiper base fabric and manufacturing method thereof |
US6361784B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-03-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft, flexible disposable wipe with embossing |
US6797226B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2004-09-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making microcreped wipers |
US7029620B2 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2006-04-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Electro-spinning process for making starch filaments for flexible structure |
AU2001219969A1 (en) | 2000-12-19 | 2002-07-01 | M And J Fibretech A/S | Web consisting of a base web and air-laid fibres hydroentangled on the base web |
US6986932B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2006-01-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-layer wiping device |
US6946413B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2005-09-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite material with cloth-like feel |
US20020132543A1 (en) | 2001-01-03 | 2002-09-19 | Baer David J. | Stretchable composite sheet for adding softness and texture |
US6849156B2 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2005-02-01 | Arie Cornelis Besemer | Cationic fibers |
JP2003100371A (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Wiring board with terminal |
US20030060113A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 | 2003-03-27 | Christie Peter A. | Thermo formable acoustical panel |
US7176150B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2007-02-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Internally tufted laminates |
US6621679B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2003-09-16 | National Semiconductor Corporation | 5V tolerant corner clamp with keep off circuit |
FI116226B (en) | 2001-12-10 | 2005-10-14 | Suominen Nonwovens Ltd | Non-woven fabric composite, its use and method for its manufacture |
AU2002349359A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Absorbent article |
US20030131457A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming composite absorbent members |
US6932929B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming composite absorbent members |
KR100549140B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2006-02-03 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | A electro-blown spinning process of preparing for the nanofiber web |
US20030200991A1 (en) | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Dual texture absorbent nonwoven web |
US20030211802A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Three-dimensional coform nonwoven web |
US6957068B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2005-10-18 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Subscriber station with dynamic multi-mode service acquisition capability |
US6739023B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2004-05-25 | Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of forming a nonwoven composite fabric and fabric produced thereof |
CA2492839C (en) | 2002-08-12 | 2011-02-01 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Plasticized polyolefin compositions |
US6992028B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2006-01-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multi-layer nonwoven fabric |
US6752905B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2004-06-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having reduced slough |
JP2004141255A (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-20 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corp | Wet wiper |
US6861380B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2005-03-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products having reduced lint and slough |
US6830810B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2004-12-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions and processes for reducing water solubility of a starch component in a multicomponent fiber |
US7994079B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2011-08-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Meltblown scrubbing product |
KR100803015B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2008-02-14 | 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 | Tufted laminate web |
BR0317578B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2015-01-06 | Procter & Gambler Company | FIBER MAT WITH TUFOS |
EP1589137B1 (en) | 2003-01-08 | 2011-05-18 | Teijin Fibers Limited | Nonwoven fabric of polyester composite fiber |
US7381297B2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2008-06-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure and process for making same |
US7763770B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2010-07-27 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article with improved surface material |
US6926931B2 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2005-08-09 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Dual sided nonwoven cleaning articles |
US7425517B2 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2008-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Nonwoven fabric with abrasion resistance and reduced surface fuzziness |
US7028429B1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2006-04-18 | Jim Druliner | Decoy |
US20050056956A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Biax Fiberfilm Corporation | Process for forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs from a cellulose solution by melt blown technology and the products made thereby |
US7432219B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2008-10-07 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Hydroentangled nonwoven material |
US20050130544A1 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2005-06-16 | Cheng Chia Y. | Elastic nonwoven fabrics made from blends of polyolefins and processes for making the same |
US20050130536A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable scrubbing product |
US20050159065A1 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-21 | Anders Stralin | Composite nonwoven material containing continuous filaments and short fibres |
US20050133177A1 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-23 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Method for adding chemicals to a nonwoven material |
US20050136772A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite structures containing tissue webs and other nonwovens |
US20050136765A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous materials exhibiting thermal change during use |
US7645353B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2010-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonically laminated multi-ply fabrics |
US20050137540A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-06-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Bacteria removing wipe |
US20050148262A1 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Varona Eugenio G. | Wet wipe with low liquid add-on |
US20050148264A1 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Varona Eugenio G. | Bimodal pore size nonwoven web and wiper |
KR101205639B1 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2012-11-27 | 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. | Single side facing stretch bonded laminates, and method of making same |
US7601657B2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2009-10-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single sided stretch bonded laminates, and methods of making same |
EP1709224B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2016-10-12 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Soft extensible nonwoven webs containing multicomponent fibers with high melt flow rates |
JP2005218525A (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-18 | Kao Corp | Wiping sheet |
US20050177122A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-11 | Berba Maria L.M. | Fluid management article and methods of use thereof |
US20050245159A1 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2005-11-03 | Chmielewski Harry J | Breathable barrier composite with hydrophobic cellulosic fibers |
US7319122B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2008-01-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polypropylene resin suitable for fibers and nonwovens |
FR2867051B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2006-09-29 | Georgia Pacific France | CONTROLLED DISTRIBUTION ROLLER |
WO2005106085A1 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-10 | Biax Fiberfilm Corporation | Apparatus , product and process forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs |
DE602005026514D1 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2011-04-07 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | IMPROVED NONWOVEN AND IMPROVED FIBERS |
US20080051471A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2008-02-28 | Bengt Kronberg | Decomposing Surfactant |
US20050247416A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-10 | Forry Mark E | Patterned fibrous structures |
DK1774077T3 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2010-06-14 | Dan Web Holding As | Preparation of a multilayered tissue |
US7381299B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2008-06-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apertured tissue products |
US20080241538A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2008-10-02 | Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology | Filament Bundle Type Nano Fiber and Manufacturing Method Thereof |
ITFI20040188A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2004-12-06 | Perini Fabio Spa | PRODUCT IN SHEET INCLUDING AT LEAST TWO UNITS FOR GLUING WITH NON-UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF THE GLUE |
US7608748B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-10-27 | Paul Hartmann Ag | Absorbent sanitary product |
US20060088697A1 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Manifold John A | Fibrous structures comprising a design and processes for making same |
US20060086633A1 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2006-04-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web-material package |
US20060134384A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-22 | Vinson Kenneth D | Fibrous structures comprising a solid additive |
US7208429B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2007-04-24 | The Procter + Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising a nonoparticle additive |
US7976679B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2011-07-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive |
PL1828450T3 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2013-10-31 | Procter & Gamble | Polymeric structures comprising an hydroxyl polymer and processes for making same |
WO2006118492A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Hydroentangled integrated composite nonwoven material |
US20070010153A1 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-11 | Shaffer Lori A | Cleanroom wiper |
US8921244B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2014-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hydroxyl polymer fiber fibrous structures and processes for making same |
US20070049153A1 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Dunbar Charlene H | Textured wiper material with multi-modal pore size distribution |
US20070141937A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Joerg Hendrix | Filament-meltblown composite materials, and methods of making same |
WO2007070064A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Kimberly - Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable multicomponent fibers |
US7807023B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2010-10-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for increasing the basis weight of sheet materials |
US7879191B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiping products having enhanced cleaning abilities |
WO2007092303A2 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | The University Of Akron | Absorbent non-woven fibrous mats and process for preparing same |
CA2640722C (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2011-12-06 | Fiberweb Simpsonville, Inc. | Extensible absorbent composites |
US20120227203A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2012-09-13 | The Clorax Company | Textured wipes |
US7696109B2 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2010-04-13 | The Clorox Company | Low-density cleaning substrate |
US8540846B2 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2013-09-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Belt-creped, variable local basis weight multi-ply sheet with cellulose microfiber prepared with perforated polymeric belt |
US8410005B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2013-04-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stacks of pre-moistened wipes with unique fluid retention characteristics |
CN101404969B (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2013-04-24 | 宝洁公司 | Absorbent article comprising a fibrous structure comprising synthetic fibers and a hydrophilizing agent |
DE102006020488B4 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2017-03-23 | Fitesa Germany Gmbh | Nonwoven fabric, process for its preparation and its use |
US7744723B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
US8455077B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2013-06-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising a region of auxiliary bonding and methods for making same |
US8152959B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2012-04-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Embossed multi-ply fibrous structure product |
US20080008853A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web comprising a tuft |
US7902096B2 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Monocomponent monolayer meltblown web and meltblowing apparatus |
US7789994B2 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2010-09-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Clothlike non-woven fibrous structures and processes for making same |
US20080142178A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Daphne Haubrich | Wet layed bundled fiber mat with binder fiber |
CN101563391B (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2012-04-18 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | Biodegradable polylactic acids for use in forming fibers |
US20080248239A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Stacey Lynn Pomeroy | Wet wipes having increased stack thickness |
US8852474B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2014-10-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making fibrous structures |
US20090022960A1 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-22 | Michael Donald Suer | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US20090022983A1 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-22 | David William Cabell | Fibrous structures |
US7972986B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2011-07-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US10024000B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2018-07-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US8273446B2 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2012-09-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Quality communicative indicia for paper towel products |
EP2183420B1 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2017-09-27 | Fiberweb, LLC | Area bonded nonwoven fabric from single polymer system |
PL2028296T3 (en) | 2007-08-24 | 2012-07-31 | Reifenhaeuser Masch | Method for manufacturing synthetic filaments from a polymer blend |
JP5401713B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2014-01-29 | クラレクラフレックス株式会社 | Non-woven |
US20090151748A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Ridenhour Aneshia D | Facial blotter with improved oil absorbency |
EP2244876A4 (en) | 2008-02-18 | 2012-08-01 | Sellars Absorbent Materials Inc | Laminate non-woven sheet with high-strength, melt-blown fiber exterior layers |
US20090220741A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | John Allen Manifold | Embossed fibrous structures |
US20090220769A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | John Allen Manifold | Fibrous structures |
US8017534B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2011-09-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous nonwoven structure having improved physical characteristics and method of preparing |
BR112012003061A2 (en) | 2009-08-14 | 2016-09-13 | Procter & Gamble | fibrous structures and methods for their manufacture |
EP2496737A1 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2012-09-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous elements and fibrous structures employing same |
US20110104970A1 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-05 | Steven Lee Barnholtz | Low lint fibrous structures and methods for making same |
PL2496769T3 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2017-01-31 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
CA2779110C (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2014-06-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polypropylene fibrous elements and processes for making same |
US20110100574A1 (en) | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-05 | Steven Lee Barnholtz | Fibrous structures that exhibit consumer relevant property values |
-
2011
- 2011-03-31 JP JP2013502823A patent/JP5770262B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-31 DE DE112011101164T patent/DE112011101164T5/en active Pending
- 2011-03-31 US US13/076,492 patent/US9631321B2/en active Active
- 2011-03-31 MX MX2012011356A patent/MX346871B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-03-31 GB GB1215248.4A patent/GB2493292B/en active Active
- 2011-03-31 CA CA2795139A patent/CA2795139C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-31 FR FR1152666A patent/FR2959518A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-31 WO PCT/US2011/030624 patent/WO2011123584A1/en active Application Filing
-
2012
- 2012-09-24 IL IL222096A patent/IL222096A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2017
- 2017-03-10 US US15/455,558 patent/US10240297B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 US US16/356,294 patent/US10697127B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-29 US US16/914,526 patent/US11680373B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-05-05 US US18/143,810 patent/US20230272585A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9631321B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2017-04-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorptive fibrous structures |
US10240297B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2019-03-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US10697127B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2020-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures and methods for making same |
US11680373B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2023-06-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Container for fibrous wipes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5770262B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
US20170183826A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
IL222096A0 (en) | 2012-12-02 |
US9631321B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
WO2011123584A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
CA2795139A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
US10240297B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
CA2795139C (en) | 2018-05-08 |
US20110244199A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
US20190211509A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
MX2012011356A (en) | 2012-11-12 |
GB2493292A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
GB2493292B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
FR2959518A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 |
GB201215248D0 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
JP2013524032A (en) | 2013-06-17 |
DE112011101164T5 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
US11680373B2 (en) | 2023-06-20 |
MX346871B (en) | 2017-03-24 |
US20200325631A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
US10697127B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
IL222096A (en) | 2017-12-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11680373B2 (en) | Container for fibrous wipes | |
US20210363676A1 (en) | Nonwoven web with highly detailed and functionally advantageous bond pattern | |
US11732406B2 (en) | Textured fibrous structures | |
US11786940B2 (en) | Fibrous structures comprising regions having different solid additive levels | |
US20220081845A1 (en) | Fibrous structures comprising regions having different micro-ct intensive property values and associated transition slopes | |
WO2017106422A1 (en) | Compressible pre-moistened fibrous structures |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |