US20220249820A1 - A dissolvable microneedle - Google Patents

A dissolvable microneedle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220249820A1
US20220249820A1 US17/625,813 US201917625813A US2022249820A1 US 20220249820 A1 US20220249820 A1 US 20220249820A1 US 201917625813 A US201917625813 A US 201917625813A US 2022249820 A1 US2022249820 A1 US 2022249820A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
needles
base
cavities
dissolvable microneedle
microneedle
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US17/625,813
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English (en)
Inventor
Supason Wanichwecharungruang
Teeranut Rutwaree
Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
Pravit Asawanonda
Wijit Banlunara
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Mineed Technology Co Ltd
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Mineed Technology Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from TH1901004256A external-priority patent/TH1901004256A/th
Application filed by Mineed Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Mineed Technology Co Ltd
Assigned to Mineed Technology Company Limited reassignment Mineed Technology Company Limited ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANLUNARA, Wijit
Assigned to Mineed Technology Company Limited reassignment Mineed Technology Company Limited ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASAWANONDA, Pravit
Assigned to Mineed Technology Company Limited reassignment Mineed Technology Company Limited ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SANSUREERUNGSIKUL, Titiporn
Assigned to Mineed Technology Company Limited reassignment Mineed Technology Company Limited ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RUTWAREE, Teeranut
Assigned to Mineed Technology Company Limited reassignment Mineed Technology Company Limited ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WANICHWECHARUNGRUANG, SUPASON
Publication of US20220249820A1 publication Critical patent/US20220249820A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
    • A61B17/205—Vaccinating by means of needles or other puncturing devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0021—Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0061—Methods for using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/30—Vaccines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
    • A61M2205/0244—Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production

Definitions

  • a microneedle can solve the problem of delivering medicament transdermally since it can penetrate the stratum corneum, therefore enabling the medicament to be delivered into the skin.
  • the microneedle length can be determined as desired, for example, the needle length of a microneedle that is not so long that it reaches the nervous system will not cause pain, the needle length that does not reach the blood vessel allows bloodless application, the microneedle made of a material that dissolves in the tissue and is non-biotoxic provides a microneedle that can dissolve in the tissue, which is generally referred to as a “dissolvable microneedle”.
  • the microneedle is usually produced in a form of an array with numerous needles on the same array. By “microneedle”, sometimes it can encompass a structure containing both the needles and needle array. When an active agent is put into the dissolvable needles, the active agent can then be delivered into the skin concurrently with the needles.
  • microneedle must be applied with the base of the needle array which can be seen easily remaining on the skin for a long time. This is because the bottom portion of the needles that is connected to the base being on the skin cannot detach from the base immediately, the base must therefore remain attached to the skin such that it can be clearly seen on the skin for a sufficiently long time for the needles embedded in the skin to dissolve. This causes inconvenience as the base must remain attached to the skin for a long time. In case where the base is removed before the bottom portion of the needles completely detaches from the base or completely dissolves, some part of the needle will be removed together with the base, therefore compromising the efficiency of the active agent delivery of the microneedle.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 9,993,423 discloses a microneedle that contains a drug only at the tip portion of the needles.
  • the needle tip portion of the dissolvable microneedle is immersed in a solution containing a drug and highly concentrated water-soluble polymer.
  • US patent publication no. US 2018/0078498 discloses a microneedle wherein the needles of the microneedle consist of two separate layers of polymers.
  • the needle tip portion consists of a drug and a polymer which can provide a sustained drug release for at least two days after the needles are embedded in the skin.
  • the bottom portion of the needles consists of a fast-dissolving polymer. Therefore, upon applying the microneedle to the skin, the bottom portion of the needles will dissolve, allowing the needle tip portion to remain embedded in the skin.
  • US patent publication no. US 2018/0161252 discloses a microneedle consisting of three layers: the first layer is the needles of the microneedle, the second layer is the base of the microneedle made of a water-soluble polymer, and the third layer is a water-permeable material. This microneedle is used by providing a liquid to the third layer to cause the second layer to dissolve and waiting until the second layer completely dissolves to remove the remaining base of the microneedle.
  • the dissolvable microneedles currently used and mentioned in the above prior arts still have disadvantages in use, i.e. when using the microneedle by embedding the needles in the skin, the bottom portion of the needles is still connected to the base located on the skin and must be remained in such condition for a long time until the needles embedded in the skin completely dissolve. Then, the base can be removed from the skin without the needles being removed. Leaving the base which is still connected to the needles on the skin for a long time causes a negative effect, i.e. making the openings on the skin last longer, therefore posing a risk of infection and requiring skin repair afterward which will cause undesired dark spots on the user's skin.
  • the present invention relates to a dissolvable microneedle comprising needles made of a water-soluble material assembled on one side of the base, which is a sheet material having liquid-permeable cavities.
  • the needles are assembled to the base such that the bottom portion of the needles is directly connected to the base.
  • the connection of the bottom portion of the needles to the base forms through a structure in which the bottom portion of the needles penetrates into the base, occupying some or all cavities of the base.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a dissolvable microneedle with a structure that is convenient to use as the penetrating structure that connects the needles to the base can dissolve quickly and effectively; therefore, the base can be removed from the skin without the needles embedded within the skin being pulled out. Hence, there is no obvious any remainder on the skin, no openings on the skin after application, and the active agent contained in or coated on the needles can also be released more effectively.
  • the present invention also relates to a dissolvable microneedle having a structure with fewer layers which results in a thinner microneedle that is therefore adaptable to the curvature of the user's skin and can be used over a wide area of skin in a more convenient and effective manner.
  • the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention can also be in a form such that the needles of the microneedle have a hook shape at the tip portion of the needles and/or on the side portion of the needles so that the tissue is hooked after inserting the needles, making it more difficult to pull out the needles from the tissue.
  • the present invention also involves a dissolvable microneedle having the aforementioned features, wherein the needles contain any active agent and/or any cells such as living cells, a vaccine together with a vaccine adjuvant, vitamin, drug, RNA, DNA, natural extract, peptide, Botulinum toxin A, melanocyte, cancer cells, stem cells or a combination thereof, as well as the use of the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention in a treatment and/or therapy of a disease for the physiological therapy and/or improvement and/or alteration and/or repair, and/or the cosmetic use in human or animals.
  • the needles contain any active agent and/or any cells such as living cells, a vaccine together with a vaccine adjuvant, vitamin, drug, RNA, DNA, natural extract, peptide, Botulinum toxin A, melanocyte, cancer cells, stem cells or a combination thereof, as well as the use of the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention in a treatment and/or therapy of a disease
  • FIG. 1 shows the dissolvable microneedle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 a shows a perspective view of the dissolvable microneedle and 1 b shows a side view of the dissolvable microneedle.
  • FIG. 2 shows the dissolvable microneedle according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 2 a shows a perspective view of the dissolvable microneedle and 2 b shows a side view of the dissolvable microneedle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a structure which is a connection of the needles and the base of the dissolvable microneedle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 3 a shows a connection of the needles and the base forming through a structure which is a low-level penetration of the bottom portion of the needles into the cavities of the base; 3 b shows a connection of the needles and the base forming through a structure which is an intermediate-level penetration of the bottom portion of the needles into the cavities of the base; and 3 c shows a connection of the needles and the base forming through a structure which is a penetration of the bottom portion of the needles into the cavities of the base, wherein the bottom portion of the needles penetrates the cavities of the base until it reaches the other side of the base where the needles are assembled.
  • FIG. 4 shows the appearances of the dissolvable microneedle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention in an application, wherein 4 a shows an appearance of the microneedle when starting to apply to the user's skin; 4 b shows an appearance of the microneedle when starting to provide water to the base; 4 c shows an appearance of the microneedle after being provided with water for a period of time until the structure which is a penetration of the bottom portion of the needles into the cavities of the base dissolve; and 4 d shows an appearance of the microneedle when the structure which is a penetration of the bottom portion of the needles into the cavities of the base almost dissolve completely and the base is subsequently removed from the user's skin.
  • FIG. 5 shows an appearance of the dissolvable microneedle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention which is flexible, wherein 5 a shows a perspective view of the dissolvable microneedle and 5 b shows a side view of the dissolvable microneedle.
  • FIG. 6 is an image obtained from a scanning electron microscope at 350 ⁇ magnification for FIGS. 6 a and 6 b and 250 ⁇ magnification for FIG. 6 c showing some parts of the dissolvable microneedle's structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 6 a shows an appearance of the bottom portion of the needles connected to the base, 6 b shows an enlarged view of the structure which penetrates into the base, which is the region indicated by an arrow in FIGS. 6 a , and 6 c shows a cross-sectional side view of the base which reveals the polymer structure connected to the bottom portion of the needles which penetrates the base, which is an entangled fibrous patch having cavities.
  • FIG. 7 is an image obtained from a scanning electron microscope at 100 ⁇ magnification showing a side view of some parts of the structure of the dissolvable microneedle's needles and base according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein 7 a shows an appearance of the bottom portion of the needles that is connected to the base, and 7 b shows an enlarged view of FIG. 7 a in the region of the bottom portion of the needles having the polymer structure that penetrates the base, which is entangled fibers.
  • FIG. 8 is an image obtained from VISIA Complexion Analysis System of Canfield Scientific Inc., Parsippany-Troy Hills, N.J., USA showing an appearance of an atrophic scar on the user's skin, wherein 8 a shows an appearance of the atrophic scar prior to application of the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention, and 8 b shows an appearance of the atrophic scar after applying the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention twice a week for a period of three months.
  • FIG. 9 is an image obtained from a stereo microscope at 2 ⁇ magnification showing a pig's ear skin which is embedded with the needles of the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the dissolvable microneedle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprising needles ( 101 ) made of a water-soluble material assembled on one side of the base ( 102 ), which is a sheet material having liquid-permeable cavities.
  • the needles ( 101 ) can be made of any water-soluble materials that are non-biotoxic and bio-absorbable and bio-compatible.
  • appropriate material used to make the needles ( 101 ) are cross-linked or non-cross-linked bio-absorbable and bio-compatible polymer, preferably hyaluronic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, silkworm sericin, collagen, bio-absorbable sugar or a combination thereof.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are made of a material comprising hyaluronic acid in an amount of 30-60% by weight and further comprising a component selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, silkworm sericin, collagen, maltose, galactose, glucose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, xylitol and a combination thereof which can be selected without limitation by those skilled in the art.
  • the needles ( 101 ) can be in any shape such as shown in FIG. 1 wherein the needles ( 101 ) have a pointed cylindrical shape, or as shown in FIG. 2 wherein the needles ( 101 ) have a square-based pyramidal shape.
  • the shape of the needles ( 101 ) of the present invention can be improved or changed so that it is suitable for the application of microneedle.
  • the distance between each needle ( 101 ) aligned on the base ( 102 ) can be as desired.
  • the distance between each needle ( 101 ) may be in a range from 20 to 10000 microns, preferably in a range from 100 to 500 microns.
  • the number of the needles ( 101 ) on the base ( 102 ) can be altered so that it is suitable for the microneedle size and the distance between each needle ( 101 ) desired.
  • the length of the needles ( 101 ) can be altered so that it is suitable for the application.
  • the length of the needles ( 101 ) may be in a range from 50 to 3,000 microns, preferably in a range of 50 to 1,500 microns.
  • the base ( 102 ) should preferably be a sheet material having cavities that allow permeation of liquid such as water or ethanol. Said material is non-biotoxic, does not cause skin irritation upon contact, and does not release any biotoxic chemical or fiber upon receiving water or appropriate liquids.
  • appropriate sheet material for using as a base ( 102 ) according to the present invention are woven patch, non-woven patch, polymer patch having liquid-permeable cavities, synthetic fabric patch, natural fabric patch, different kinds of paper such as those made of fibers that does not contain a biotoxic filler or binder, and a combination thereof which can be selected without limitation by those skilled in the art.
  • the woven patch is a synthetic fabric patch or natural fabric patch
  • the non-woven patch is paper
  • the polymer patch having liquid-permeable cavities is an open-cell-sponge patch or porous hydrophilic polymer patch.
  • the base ( 102 ) can have different thicknesses depending on the application or design of the microneedle in various embodiments of the invention.
  • the base ( 102 ) may have a thickness in a range from 5 to 10,000 microns, preferable from 100 to 5,000 microns, more preferably from 100 to 3,000 microns.
  • the assembling of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) according to the present invention is such that the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) is directly connected to the base ( 102 ).
  • the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) occurs through a structure which is a penetration of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) into the base ( 102 ), wherein such penetrating structure occupies some or all cavities of the base ( 102 ).
  • the penetration of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) into the base ( 102 ) according to the present invention can occur in various manners such as in a manner that the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) penetrates all cavities in the surface region of the base ( 102 ) on the side where the needles ( 101 ) is assembled with only partial penetration into the cavities inside the base ( 102 ), in a manner that the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) penetrates into some cavities in the surface region of the base ( 102 ) on the side where the needles ( 101 ) is assembled with only partial penetration into the cavities inside the base ( 102 ), or in a manner that the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) penetrates into all cavities of the base ( 102 ), both the cavities in the surface region of the base ( 102 ) on the side where the needles ( 101 ) is assembled and the cavities inside the base ( 102 ).
  • FIGS. 3 a -3 c show the penetrations of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) into the cavities of the base ( 102 ) at low and intermediate levels and into the cavities of the base ( 102 ) until it reaches the other side of the base ( 102 ) where the needles ( 101 ) is located, respectively.
  • the manner of assembling the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) according to the present invention is a connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) in a penetrating manner into the base ( 102 ), with a material that connects the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) occupying all or some cavities of the base ( 102 ).
  • the penetration of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) into the cavities of the base ( 102 ) can be such that a material connected to the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) occupies the cavities of the surface region of the base ( 102 ) on the side where the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) is located and slightly penetrates into the base ( 102 ) (as shown in FIG. 3 a ).
  • a greater level of penetration i.e.
  • connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) is a penetration from the side where the needles ( 101 ) is located into both the cavities in the surface region on the side where the needles ( 101 ) are located and the some cavities inside the base ( 102 ), but the penetration does not completely fill the cavities of the base ( 102 ) (as shown in FIG. 3 b and exemplified in FIG. 7 ).
  • the penetration could be at a high level, i.e. the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) that penetrates the cavities inside the base ( 102 ) and pierces through the other side of the base ( 102 ) (as shown in FIG. 3 c ).
  • connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) which is a penetration into the base ( 102 ) can be in any manner above, depending on many factors such as the thickness of the sheet material used to make the base ( 102 ) and the type of the material used to make the needles ( 101 ). Moreover, the process of making the microneedle can also affect the structure that connects the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ).
  • the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) penetrating the base ( 102 ) can be made of any water-soluble materials that are non-biotoxic and bio-absorbable and bio-compatible and can be selected from the materials used to make the needles ( 101 ) mentioned above.
  • the direct attachment of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) such that the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) penetrates the base ( 102 ) according to the present invention is a characteristic that has a significantly advantageous effect on the detachment speed of the needles ( 101 ) from the base ( 102 ). Therefore, the microneedle according to the present invention can be used in a convenient and highly effective manner.
  • the needles ( 101 ) can contain any non-specific active agent so that the microneedle according to the invention can be used in a treatment and/or therapy of a disease for the physiological therapy and/or improvement and/or alteration and/or repair, and/or the cosmetic use in human or animals.
  • the active agent contained in the needles ( 101 ) can be such that it is homogeneously dissolved into the material used to make the needles ( 101 ) or not homogeneously dissolved into the material used to make the needles ( 101 ).
  • the active agent can be dispersed throughout the needles ( 101 ) or accumulate in a certain region such as the tip portion of the needles ( 101 ).
  • the active agent can be in a form of the sole active agent without encapsulation or formed as any compounds with other additives, or the active agent may be encapsulated in any carrier, i.e. the active agent can be encapsulated in a particle of any material.
  • the active agent may be in a form of a complex compound with cyclodextrin or materials stored in liposome, or an encapsulation.
  • the active agent may be in a form of small particles of the active agent itself.
  • the active agent could be a drug, supplement or any bioactive agent.
  • active agent examples include vitamin C and/or any derivatives thereof and/or vitamin A and/or any derivatives thereof and/or minoxidil and/or Botulinum toxin A and/or glutathione and/or triamcinolone and/or any anesthetic and/or anti-inflammatory drug and/or any antibiotic, RNA, DNA, natural extract, peptide or a combination thereof.
  • active agent examples include vitamin C and/or any derivatives thereof and/or vitamin A and/or any derivatives thereof and/or minoxidil and/or Botulinum toxin A and/or glutathione and/or triamcinolone and/or any anesthetic and/or anti-inflammatory drug and/or any antibiotic, RNA, DNA, natural extract, peptide or a combination thereof.
  • active agent mentioned herein are only intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and not intended to limit the present invention.
  • the needles ( 101 ) may contain any cells. Examples of cell contained in the needles are melanocyte, stem cell, leucocyte, keratinocyte, fibroblast, different types of cancer cell, any pathogen causing weakness, any dead pathogen, any living pathogen.
  • the cells in the needles ( 101 ) can be contained together with or without a cell medium.
  • the needles ( 101 ) may contain living cells in an amount of 100 to 1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array, Botulinum toxin A in an amount of 1 unit to 50,000 units per square centimeter of the needle array, melanocyte in an amount of 10 to 1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array, cancer cell in an amount of 10 to 1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array, or stem cell in an amount of 10 to 1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array, etc.
  • the term “needle array” means all areas with the needles-assembled region, as well as the region without the needles, i.e. all areas of the patch applied to the skin.
  • the present invention also involves a microneedle characterized in that the needles ( 101 ) of the microneedle have a hook shape at the tip portion of the needles ( 101 ) and/or on the side portion of the needles ( 101 ) so that the tissue is hooked after inserting the needles ( 101 ), making it more difficult to pull out the needles ( 101 ) from the tissue.
  • the feature of the needles described herein can be used in conjunction with the aforementioned-features of the microneedle.
  • the hook may be a curved or angled hook.
  • the hook can be located on the lateral side or can be in any number. This hook embodiment should encompass needles with barbs or protrusions protruding from the surface of the needles ( 101 ) which generally makes the withdrawal of the needles ( 101 ) more difficult.
  • the dissolvable microneedle according to the present invention can be used in various manners depending on user's convenience. For example, upon applying the microneedle and pressing the needles ( 101 ) so that they penetrate the skin, one can apply a cotton soaked with saline or purified water or any suitable liquid to the base ( 102 ) located on the skin and hold it for a moment to allow the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to dissolve. Then, the base ( 102 ) can be removed from the skin while the needles ( 101 ) remains embedded in the skin. Pressing the cotton soaked with liquid against the base ( 102 ) is only an example of the application. The user can wet the base ( 102 ) by using any convenient means such as spraying with water or dripping water onto said base ( 102 ). The method of wetting the base ( 102 ) can be performed in non-limiting, various manners.
  • FIG. 4 shows an aspect of when using the microneedle according to the present invention by applying the needle ( 101 ) side of the microneedle to the skin ( 103 ) and pressing the needles ( 101 ) so that they embed in the skin ( 103 ) and subsequently providing water or suitable liquid to the base ( 102 ) located on the skin ( 103 ).
  • the structure which attaches the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) and penetrates the cavities of the base ( 102 ) will be provided with water or liquid and therefore dissolves.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are no longer attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • the base ( 102 ) on the skin ( 103 ) therefore can be removed without the needles ( 101 ) embedded in the skin ( 103 ) being withdrawn. Hence, there is no visible patch left on the skin ( 103 ) in the application.
  • the penetrating structure which connects the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) and is located inside the base ( 102 ) rapidly and effectively dissolves due to the liquid retaining property of the base ( 102 ) that allows the base ( 102 ) to be removed from the skin ( 103 ) in a short period of time without the needles ( 101 ) embedded in the skin ( 103 ) being withdrawn but remaining embedded in the skin ( 103 ).
  • the active agent or cells therefore can be released effectively.
  • the direct connection of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) also reduces the spillage of water or liquid when using the microneedle, i.e. when providing water to the base ( 102 ) which has water or liquid-permeable cavities, the water or liquid will destroy the penetrating structure that directly connects the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) since such structure is located in the liquid receiving cavities of the base ( 102 ).
  • the base ( 102 ) therefore acts as a container that retains water or liquid in the region where such penetrating structure is located.
  • the base ( 102 ) that is made of a hydrophilic material, i.e. a material capable of absorbing water quickly, will cause this connecting, penetrating structure to be destroyed by water more quickly.
  • the ability to retain water in the cavities of the base ( 102 ) also helps to retain the solution generated from the dissolving connecting structure, therefore reducing the spillage when using the microneedle.
  • the microneedle according to the present invention can be used more conveniently than those of the prior arts, i.e. by applying the microneedle according to the present invention to the skin ( 103 ) with the needles ( 101 ) embedded in the skin ( 103 ) and the base ( 102 ) above the skin ( 103 ), then providing water or suitable liquid to the base ( 102 ) to allow removal of the base ( 102 ) without the needles ( 101 ) being withdrawn or spending a lot of time.
  • the time required for the microneedle to be pressed against the skin ( 103 ) after providing the base ( 102 ) with water or suitable liquid can be in range from 1 second to 3 minutes or longer.
  • the length of time can be varied depending on the type of material that is the structure attaching the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ).
  • it can be the same material as that used to make the needles ( 101 ) or a different material.
  • it should be a material that dissolves well in water.
  • suitable material are the materials used to make the needles ( 101 ), fast-dissolving polymer which can be the same with that used to make the needles ( 101 ). If such material can dissolve quickly in water, the base ( 102 ) can be removed within 3 to 30 seconds which is very convenient for the user, and allows the opening pores on the skin to close in a short time.
  • microneedle can be flexible if the material used to make the base ( 102 ) is a flexible sheet material. Moreover, the characteristics of the microneedle having the needles ( 101 ) assembled directly on the base ( 102 ) according to the present invention enables a production of large microneedle whose needle array is adaptable to the skin curvature.
  • Microneedle a 1) a commercially available conventional microneedle having needles and base that are made of the same material, hereinafter referred to as “Microneedle a)”,
  • a comparative microneedle having a base that is connected as a single material to the needles, which is connected to a water-permeable-material sheet via a connecting material layer or polymer layer that attaches the microneedle array to the water-permeable-material sheet, hereinafter referred to as “Microneedle b)”, and
  • a microneedle according to the present invention having needles ( 101 ) assembled on the base ( 102 ), which is made of a sheet material having water-permeable cavities, hereinafter referred to as “Microneedle c)”.
  • the needle array tested has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 3 cm 2 .
  • the characteristics of the needle array are as follows:
  • All three microneedles were tested on a piglet's fresh hairless belly skin.
  • a 3 ⁇ 5 cm 2 pig skin was placed against the curved surface of a glass beaker having a 3.5-cm radius round base and 5-cm tall lateral side forming the curved lateral surface of the beaker.
  • the lateral edges of the pig skin were attached to the beaker surface using an adhesive tape so that the pig skin is attached to the lateral curved surface of the beaker to simulate the skin that curves along the body.
  • the test results are shown in the below table.
  • the attachment of the The attachment of the The attachment of of the needles to needles is 100% needles is 100% the needles is 8 ⁇ the base upon 3% without any removing the obvious needle part base after on the pig skin applying for 3 seconds
  • the attachment of the The attachment of the There is no needle of the needles to whole needle is 93 ⁇ needle is 91 ⁇ 5%.
  • a microneedle has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 .
  • Its needles ( 101 ) are made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and sucrose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to sucrose at 50:50 by weight.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ) which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and woven from synthetic fibers of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the fabric is approximately 200-microns thick.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a cylindrical shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns of square base.
  • the needle tip portion is pointed in a form of a hook at the tip portion.
  • the needles are 300-microns tall. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ), wherein the material of the needles' bottom portion continues to fill some cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric (as shown in FIG. 6 ).
  • the microneedle was applied to the skin. A cotton soaked with water was then placed above the microneedle and pressed for 5 seconds before being removed. The base ( 102 ) was subsequently removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • a microneedle has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 .
  • the needles ( 101 ) are made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and silkworm sericin with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to silkworm sericin at 50:50 by weight.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ) which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the fabric is approximately 300-microns thick.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a pyramidal shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns of square base and a height of 300 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles that continues to fill the cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric.
  • the structure connecting the needles ( 101 ) to the fabric penetrates the fabric until it pierces through the other side of the fabric.
  • the microneedle was applied to the skin.
  • the base ( 102 ) was sprayed with water and pressed for 30 seconds. The base ( 102 ) was then removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • a microneedle has a dimension of 5 ⁇ 5 cm 2 .
  • the needles ( 101 ) are made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and sucrose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to sucrose at 60:40 by weight.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ) which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the fabric is approximately 300-microns thick.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a pyramidal shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns of square base and a height of 300 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles that continues to fill the cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric.
  • the structure connecting the needles to the fabric penetrates the fabric but does not pierce through the other side of the fabric.
  • the microneedle was applied to the skin. A cotton soaked with water was then placed above the microneedle and pressed for 5 seconds before being removed. The base ( 102 ) was subsequently removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • Example 4 A circular microneedle has a diameter of 1.5 cm.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and sucrose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinylpyrrolidone to sucrose at 50:30:20 by weight.
  • Each needle array contained retinaldehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E in an amount of 100 ⁇ g, 1.5 mg and 2.0 mg, respectively.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ) which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of polyester/wood pulp. The fabric is approximately 300-microns thick.
  • the needles have a cylindrical shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns of square base and a height of 300 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns from each other.
  • the pointed tip portion has a hook shape which helps to hook the tissue.
  • the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles that continues to fill the cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric.
  • the structure connecting the needles ( 101 ) to the fabric penetrates the fabric but does not pierce through the other side of the fabric.
  • the microneedle was applied to the skin. A cotton soaked with water was then placed above the microneedle and pressed for 5 seconds before being removed.
  • the base ( 102 ) was subsequently removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ). This microneedle was tested for the wrinkle treatment by applying the needle array to the wrinkles every week for three months. It was found that the wrinkles clearly became shallower.
  • Example 5 A square microneedle has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 .
  • the needles ( 101 ) are made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and maltose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinyl-pyrrolidone to maltose at 50:30:20 by weight.
  • Each needle array contained 200-600 nm pro-retinaldehyde particles in an amount equivalent to retinaldehyde of 0.6 mg per square centimeter of the needle array.
  • the pro-retinaldehyde particle is a particle created by retinaldehyde-binding chitosan.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ) which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the fabric is 200-microns thick.
  • the needles have a pyramidal shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns of square base and a height of 300 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles that continues to fill the cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric.
  • the penetration of the structure connecting the needles to the fabric is deep into the fabric.
  • the microneedle was applied to the skin in the atrophic scar region.
  • a cotton soaked with water was then placed above the microneedle and pressed for 5 seconds before being removed.
  • the base ( 102 ) was subsequently removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • This microneedle was tested for the atrophic scar treatment by applying the needle array to the atrophic scar region twice a week every week for three months. It was found that the atrophic scar clearly became shallower (as shown in FIG. 8 ).
  • a microneedle has needles ( 101 ) made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and maltose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinylpyrrolidone to maltose at 60:30:10 by weight.
  • Botulinum toxin A Botulinum toxin A (Botox®, supplied by Allergan, Inc., California) was loaded into the needles ( 101 ) in an amount of 1-50,000 units per square centimeter of the needle array.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a square-based pyramidal shape with a 300 ⁇ 300 square microns base and a height of 850 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ), which is a filter paper.
  • the microneedle was kept at a temperature of 4° C. It was found that all of the microneedles produced could effectively pierce through the pig ear skin whether Botulinum toxin A was contained in a small or large amount in such range.
  • the needle array containing Botulinum toxin A of 5 units per square centimeter of the microneedle array was applied to the armpits of volunteers having hyperhidrosis, which is abnormally excessive perspiration.
  • the volunteers Upon interviewing the volunteers to collect information, it was found that the volunteers scored the pain from the application of the microneedle according to the present invention as lowest pain, which means not painful or zero pain, while scoring the pain from the application of a hypodermic needle to release Botulinum toxin A into the armpit skin across the region with high level of perspiration as highest pain, which is 10.
  • a microneedle has needles ( 101 ) made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and maltose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinylpyrrolidone to maltose at 60:30:10 by weight and contained melanocytes in an amount of 100-1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ), which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of synthetic fibers of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a square-based pyramidal shape with a 100 ⁇ 100 square microns base and a height of 250 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • the needle array has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 . It was kept at a temperature of 4° C. for no more than 72 hours. It was found that every cell amount contained allowed the needles ( 101 ) of the microneedle to pierce into the pig ear skin without any problem.
  • the melanocytes were clearly found at the junction between the dermis and epidermis in the region where such microneedle was applied.
  • a microneedle has needles ( 101 ) made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and maltose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinylpyrrolidone to maltose at 60:30:10 by weight and contained B16F0 Melanoma cancer cell lines in an amount of 100-1,000,000 cells per square centimeter of the needle array.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ), which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of synthetic fibers of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the needles ( 101 ) have a square-based pyramidal shape with a 200 ⁇ 200 square microns base and a height of 850 microns.
  • Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • the needle array has a dimension of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 .
  • the microneedle was kept at a temperature of 4° C. for 48 hours. It was found that the needles ( 101 ) of the microneedle could pierce into the pig's ear skin without any problem for every cell amount contained.
  • Example 9 A 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 square microneedle has needles ( 101 ) made of a mixture of hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone and maltose with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to polyvinyl-pyrrolidone to maltose at 50:30:20 by weight.
  • Each needle array contained 200-600 nm pro-retinaldehyde particles in an amount equivalent to retinaldehyde of 0.8 mg per square centimeter of the needle array.
  • the pro-retinaldehyde particle is a particle created by retinaldehyde-binding chitosan.
  • the needles ( 101 ) are assembled on the base ( 102 ), which is a fabric free of pills and fluorescent and made of polyester/wood pulp.
  • the needles have a pyramidal shape with a 200 ⁇ 200 square microns of square base and a height of 650 microns. Each needle is located 500 microns away from each other.
  • the connection of the bottom portion of the needles ( 101 ) to the base ( 102 ) is a direct connection of the bottom portion of the needles that continues to fill the cavities between the fabric fibers, both the cavities on the fabric surface and the cavities in the fabric.
  • the penetration of the structure connecting the needles to the fabric is deep into the fabric. This microneedle was applied to the pig's fresh hairless ear skin.
  • a cotton soaked with water was then placed above the microneedle and pressed for 3 seconds before being removed.
  • the base ( 102 ) was subsequently removed and examined. No needle ( 101 ) was found attached to the base ( 102 ).
  • the pig skin was cut along the needle line and an image of the skin which was cut open so that the inside could be seen was taken, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the embedment of the needles ( 101 ) was found with the pro-retinaldehyde particles shown clearly in yellow. No opening on the skin was observed.

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