US20220003152A1 - Exhaust-gas turbocharger and motor vehicle - Google Patents
Exhaust-gas turbocharger and motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220003152A1 US20220003152A1 US17/363,179 US202117363179A US2022003152A1 US 20220003152 A1 US20220003152 A1 US 20220003152A1 US 202117363179 A US202117363179 A US 202117363179A US 2022003152 A1 US2022003152 A1 US 2022003152A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- turbine
- axial
- gas turbocharger
- generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
- F01D1/04—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
- F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
- F02B33/40—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps of non-positive-displacement type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
- F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
- F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/001—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust-gas turbocharger.
- the present invention also relates to a corresponding motor vehicle.
- Conventional turbochargers are distinguished by a radial compressor that is connected via a shaft to a radial turbine.
- FIG. 1 instead of radial turbines ( FIG. 1 ), in the case of which the hot exhaust gas is caused to flow radially onto the turbine wheel, use is sometimes made of so-called mixed-flow turbines ( FIG. 2 ) or axial turbines ( FIG. 3 ), in the case of which the flow is conducted axially or partially axially onto the wheel.
- mixed-flow turbines FIG. 2
- axial turbines FIG. 3
- each turbine is conventionally connected via a dedicated shaft to a compressor.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,397,941A which is incorporated by reference herein, furthermore describes the coupling of two axial turbines by means of a common shaft.
- the turbine and compressor are connected on a common shaft.
- the turbine power is conventionally controlled by means of a bypass valve, such that the compressor can absorb sufficient power to generate the required charge pressure.
- the size thereof is specified such that a major proportion of the exhaust gases flows not through the turbine but through the bypass valve, because the power availability would otherwise be too high.
- the invention provides an exhaust-gas turbocharger and a corresponding motor vehicle.
- An advantage of this solution lies in the fact that the speed of turbine and compressor can be set independently of one another in order to set the respectively optimum operating point for generator and electric motor.
- the bypass valve can be completely closed, and the entire exhaust-gas mass flow can be conducted via the turbine.
- FIG. 1 shows a radial turbine
- FIG. 2 shows a mixed-flow turbine
- FIG. 3 shows an axial turbine
- FIG. 4 shows a biturbo-type turbocharger arrangement.
- FIG. 5 shows a conventional turbocharger arrangement.
- FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a detail of the second embodiment.
- the exhaust-gas turbine ( 15 ) and the compressor ( 14 ) are not connected by means of a common shaft, but are connected in each case to an electric machine ( 17 , 18 ).
- FIG. 7 illustrates an engine concept with six cylinders distributed across two cylinder banks.
- the illustrated arrangement provides that a compressor ( 14 ) is driven by an electric motor ( 18 ) and provides the charge pressure required for the internal combustion engine.
- the axial turbines ( 19 ) are, by contrast to the conventional situation, impinged on by flow from the outside, such that an optimum impingement of flow on the blades ( 12 ) is possible, and no diversion is necessary.
- Each bank of the engine thus flows through one axial turbine ( 19 ).
- the two exhaust-gas flows are merged and can be conducted onward to a common exhaust-gas catalytic converter ( 13 ).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
An exhaust-gas turbocharger for a motor vehicle includes a compressor, a first and a second axial turbine, an electrical generator and an electric motor. The axial turbines are configured to drive the generator. The generator is configured to provide a feed to the electric motor. The electric motor is configured to drive the compressor.
Description
- This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2020 117 321.0, Jul. 1, 2020, the content of such application being incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to an exhaust-gas turbocharger. The present invention also relates to a corresponding motor vehicle.
- It is well known for internal combustion engines for road-going vehicles to be equipped with one or more turbochargers.
- Conventional turbochargers are distinguished by a radial compressor that is connected via a shaft to a radial turbine.
- Instead of radial turbines (
FIG. 1 ), in the case of which the hot exhaust gas is caused to flow radially onto the turbine wheel, use is sometimes made of so-called mixed-flow turbines (FIG. 2 ) or axial turbines (FIG. 3 ), in the case of which the flow is conducted axially or partially axially onto the wheel. - In the case of an engine with six or more cylinders, it is commonly the case that the exhaust gases from three or more cylinders are merged and conducted onto a turbine. This means that the engine is equipped with two exhaust-gas turbochargers (biturbo), or more seldom also with four turbochargers.
- Here, each turbine is conventionally connected via a dedicated shaft to a compressor. U.S. Pat. No. 2,397,941A, which is incorporated by reference herein, furthermore describes the coupling of two axial turbines by means of a common shaft.
- It is basically also known for the turbine and compressor of a supercharging system not to be coupled to one another by means of a shaft, but for the turbine to be connected to a generator and the compressor connected to an electric machine (hereinafter also abbreviated to “E-machine”). In this regard, reference is made by way of example to DE 10 2007 017 777B4, which is incorporated by reference herein.
- It has furthermore been proposed for two turbines to be connected to one shaft, which turbines output the power absorbed by them via an E-machine which is likewise mounted on the shaft. Here, two compressors are likewise connected, on one shaft, to an E-machine. In this way, the compressors and turbines can be operated separately from one another with their respective E-machines (
FIG. 4 ). - In a turbocharger arrangement according to
FIG. 5 , the turbine and compressor are connected on a common shaft. The turbine power is conventionally controlled by means of a bypass valve, such that the compressor can absorb sufficient power to generate the required charge pressure. In the case of such a radial arrangement of the turbine, the size thereof is specified such that a major proportion of the exhaust gases flows not through the turbine but through the bypass valve, because the power availability would otherwise be too high. - If the bypass valve were to remain closed and the entire exhaust-gas mass flow were to flow through the exhaust-gas turbine, the pressure upstream of the turbine would thus increase so intensely that the performance of the internal combustion engine would be impaired.
- The invention provides an exhaust-gas turbocharger and a corresponding motor vehicle.
- An advantage of this solution lies in the fact that the speed of turbine and compressor can be set independently of one another in order to set the respectively optimum operating point for generator and electric motor.
- Furthermore, in order to extract the greatest possible amount of energy from the exhaust gas, the bypass valve can be completely closed, and the entire exhaust-gas mass flow can be conducted via the turbine.
- Two possibilities are presented for counteracting the adverse effect of an intense pressure increase upstream of the turbine. For this purpose, use is made, on the one hand, of an enlargement of the radial turbine and, on the other hand, of the variation of the “intake capacity” of the turbine through the use of an axial turbine, which can achieve high levels of efficiency without the need for a large pressure ratio.
- Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.
-
FIG. 1 shows a radial turbine. -
FIG. 2 shows a mixed-flow turbine. -
FIG. 3 shows an axial turbine. -
FIG. 4 shows a biturbo-type turbocharger arrangement. -
FIG. 5 shows a conventional turbocharger arrangement. -
FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 8 shows a detail of the second embodiment. - As per
FIG. 6 , the exhaust-gas turbine (15) and the compressor (14) are not connected by means of a common shaft, but are connected in each case to an electric machine (17, 18). -
FIG. 7 illustrates an engine concept with six cylinders distributed across two cylinder banks. The illustrated arrangement provides that a compressor (14) is driven by an electric motor (18) and provides the charge pressure required for the internal combustion engine. - On the exhaust-gas side, provision is made for two axial turbines (19) and one generator (17) to be arranged on a common shaft, wherein the generator (17) is arranged between the axial turbines (19). This arrangement will be described below on the basis of
FIG. 8 . - As can be seen from the figure, the axial turbines (19) are, by contrast to the conventional situation, impinged on by flow from the outside, such that an optimum impingement of flow on the blades (12) is possible, and no diversion is necessary. Each bank of the engine thus flows through one axial turbine (19).
- At the turbine outlet, the two exhaust-gas flows are merged and can be conducted onward to a common exhaust-gas catalytic converter (13).
- It is self-evident that the arrangement described above on the basis of axial turbines (19) may, with suitable adaptations, be implemented with two radial or other exhaust-gas turbines (15) without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An exhaust-gas turbocharger comprising a compressor, a first and a second axial turbine, an electrical generator and an electric motor, wherein the axial turbines are each configured to drive the generator, wherein the generator is configured to provide a feed to the electric motor, and, wherein the electric motor is configured to drive the compressor.
2. The exhaust-gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first axial turbine and the second axial turbine have a common output shaft, and the generator is arranged on the common output shaft.
3. The exhaust-gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the generator is arranged between the first axial turbine and the second axial turbine.
4. The exhaust-gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the axial turbines each comprise a turbine housing and a turbine wheel mounted rotatably within the turbine housing, and the axial turbines are configured such that the turbine wheels are impinged on by flow in opposite directions along the common output shaft.
5. The exhaust-gas turbocharger as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the axial turbines further comprise a common outlet, and the common outlet is fluidically connected to an exhaust-gas catalytic converter.
6. A motor vehicle comprising the exhaust-gas turbocharger and the exhaust-gas catalytic converter as claimed in claim 5 , and wherein the common outlet is fluidically connected to the exhaust-gas catalytic converter.
7. The motor vehicle as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the motor vehicle further comprises a charge-air cooler, and wherein the compressor is fluidically connected to the charge-air cooler.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102020117321.0 | 2020-07-01 | ||
DE102020117321.0A DE102020117321B4 (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2020-07-01 | Exhaust gas turbocharger and motor vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20220003152A1 true US20220003152A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
US11280256B2 US11280256B2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
Family
ID=77274394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US17/363,179 Active US11280256B2 (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2021-06-30 | Exhaust-gas turbocharger and motor vehicle |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11280256B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102020117321B4 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2597603B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20240068395A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | Ferrari S.P.A. | Turbine assembly for an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2397941A (en) | 1942-05-22 | 1946-04-09 | Birkigt Louis | Supercharged internal-combustion engine |
DE2757236C3 (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1982-02-25 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Drive unit, in particular for motor vehicles |
JP2006348947A (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2006-12-28 | Kazuo Oyama | Internal combustion engine with exhaust pressure regenerator |
DE102007017777B4 (en) | 2007-04-16 | 2009-04-09 | Siemens Ag | Turbocharger arrangement and turbochargeable internal combustion engine |
US11352963B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2022-06-07 | Herbert U. Fluhler | Internal combustion engine with improved efficiency |
DE102009053490A1 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exhaust gas turbocharger for internal combustion engine, has electric machine attached to exhaust stream and generating electric energy, and another electric machine supplying energy to fresh stream |
JP4951143B1 (en) | 2011-10-02 | 2012-06-13 | 佳行 中田 | Three-output shaft type internal combustion engine |
GB2499823A (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-04 | Cummins Ltd | Turbine-generator and operation method |
US10072562B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-09-11 | Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. | Engine turbo-compounding system |
US10710738B2 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2020-07-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Auxiliary power unit with intercooler |
US10174665B2 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-01-08 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Active control flow system and method of cooling and providing active flow control |
WO2018084309A1 (en) | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-11 | 株式会社Ihi | Exhaust gas energy recovery device |
KR102348113B1 (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2022-01-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Waste heat recovery expander apparatus and waste heat recovery system |
DE102018109138A1 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | Abb Turbo Systems Ag | Turbocharger with integrated turbine |
EP3749839A4 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2021-11-10 | Smart E, LLC | Compact rankine turbogenerator device for distributed co-generation of heat and electricity |
-
2020
- 2020-07-01 DE DE102020117321.0A patent/DE102020117321B4/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 US US17/363,179 patent/US11280256B2/en active Active
- 2021-07-01 GB GB2109548.4A patent/GB2597603B/en active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20240068395A1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | Ferrari S.P.A. | Turbine assembly for an internal combustion engine |
US12012888B2 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-06-18 | Ferrari S.P.A. | Turbine assembly for an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102020117321B4 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
DE102020117321A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
GB2597603A (en) | 2022-02-02 |
GB2597603B (en) | 2022-11-30 |
US11280256B2 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
GB202109548D0 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
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