US20210057621A1 - Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods - Google Patents
Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods Download PDFInfo
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- US20210057621A1 US20210057621A1 US17/011,915 US202017011915A US2021057621A1 US 20210057621 A1 US20210057621 A1 US 20210057621A1 US 202017011915 A US202017011915 A US 202017011915A US 2021057621 A1 US2021057621 A1 US 2021057621A1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
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- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
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- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0095—Post-treatment of devices, e.g. annealing, recrystallisation or short-circuit elimination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/507—Wavelength conversion elements the elements being in intimate contact with parts other than the semiconductor body or integrated with parts other than the semiconductor body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/508—Wavelength conversion elements having a non-uniform spatial arrangement or non-uniform concentration, e.g. patterned wavelength conversion layer, wavelength conversion layer with a concentration gradient of the wavelength conversion material
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/075—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
- H01L25/0753—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/52—Encapsulations
- H01L33/54—Encapsulations having a particular shape
Definitions
- the present technology is related to solid state lighting (“SSL”) devices and associated methods of manufacturing SSL devices.
- the present technology is related to SSL devices having lenses that improve color uniformity across the SSL device and associated methods.
- Solid state lighting (“SSL”) devices generally use solid state emitters (“SSEs”) such as semiconductor light-emitting diodes (“LEDs”), organic light-emitting diodes (“OLEDs”), and/or polymer light-emitting diodes (“PLEDs”) as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments, plasma, or gas.
- SSEs solid state emitters
- a conventional type of SSL device has a “white light” SSE.
- White light requires a mixture of wavelengths to be perceived by human eyes.
- SSEs typically only emit light at one particular wavelength (e.g., blue light), so SSEs are modified to generate white light.
- One conventional technique for modulating the light from SSEs includes depositing a converter material (e.g., phosphor) on the SSE. For example, FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional SSL device 10 that includes a support 2 , an SSE 4 attached to the support 2 , and a converter material 6 on the SSE 4 .
- the SSE 4 emits light (e.g., blue light) radially outward along a plurality of first vectors 8 .
- the converter material 6 scatters some of the light emitted by the SSE 4 and absorbs other light emitted by the SSE 4 .
- the absorbed light causes the converter material 6 to emit light of a different color along a plurality of second vectors 12 .
- the light from the converter material along the second vectors 12 can have a desired frequency (e.g., yellow light) such that the combination of light along the first and second vectors 8 and 12 appears white to human eyes if the wavelengths and amplitudes of the emissions are matched appropriately.
- a desired frequency e.g., yellow light
- the color of light generally varies across the SSL devices due to the emission angle.
- the emission angle ⁇ is the angle that light (e.g., along the first vectors 8 ) projects away from an axis N normal to the support 2 .
- the distance light travels through the converter material 6 accordingly changes as a function of the emission angle ⁇ .
- the first vectors 8 having greater emission angles ⁇ e.g., 60°
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an SSL device in accordance with the prior art.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 2B is an operational view of the SSL device of FIG. 2A illustrating the emission of light from the SSL device.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between emission angles and color variations across SSL devices.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of fabricating SSL devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 5B is a top plan view of the SSL device of FIG. 5A .
- FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 6B is a top plan view of the SSL device of FIG. 6A .
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device
- FIGS. 7B and 7C are top plan views of the SSL device of FIG. 7A configured in accordance with further embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology.
- SSL solid state lighting
- SSE solid state lighting
- LEDs semiconductor light-emitting diodes
- PLEDs polymer light-emitting diodes
- OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
- the term “phosphor” generally refers to a material that can continue emitting light after exposure to energy (e.g., electrons and/or photons). Additionally, the term “lens” generally refers to a material (e.g., a transparent encapsulant) that can emit light through its exterior surface.
- Packaged SSL devices and methods of manufacturing SSL assemblies are specifically described below to provide an enabling disclosure, but the package and methods can be applied to any SSL device. A person skilled in the relevant art will understand that the new technology may have additional embodiments and that the new technology may be practiced without several of the details of the embodiments described below with reference to FIGS. 2A-9 .
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device 200 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
- the SSL device 200 can include a support 202 and an SSE 204 attached to a surface 210 of the support 202 .
- the SSL device 200 can further include a converter material 206 positioned over the SSE 204 , and a lens 212 positioned over both the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 .
- the SSE 204 can include a first semiconductor material 214 , an active region 216 , and a second semiconductor material 218 .
- the first semiconductor material 214 can be a P-type semiconductor material proximate a first side 208 a of the SSE 204 , such as P-type gallium nitride (“P-GaN”)
- the second semiconductor material 218 can be an N-type semiconductor material proximate a second side 208 b of the SSE 204 , such as N-type gallium nitride (“N-GaN”).
- P-GaN P-type gallium nitride
- N-GaN N-type gallium nitride
- the P-GaN and N-GaN are reversed such that the P-GaN is proximate the second side 208 b of the SSE 204 and the N-GaN is proximate the first side 208 a .
- the active region 216 can be indium gallium nitride (“InGaN”).
- the first semiconductor material 214 , active region 216 , and second semiconductor material 218 can be deposited sequentially using chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”), physical vapor deposition (“PVD”), atomic layer deposition (“ALD”), plating, or other techniques known in the semiconductor fabrication arts.
- the SSE 204 can emit a first light in the visible spectrum (e.g., from about 390 nm to about 750 nm), in the infrared spectrum (e.g., from about 1050 nm to about 1550 nm), and/or in other suitable spectra.
- a first light in the visible spectrum (e.g., from about 390 nm to about 750 nm), in the infrared spectrum (e.g., from about 1050 nm to about 1550 nm), and/or in other suitable spectra.
- the converter material 206 can be placed over at least a portion of the SSE 204 such that light from the SSE 204 irradiates the converter material 206 .
- the converter material 206 is positioned over a second side 208 b of the SSE 204 and is generally planar.
- the converter material 206 has a hemispherical or other suitable shape, and/or is spaced apart from the SSE 204 in other locations of the SSL device 200 that are irradiated by the SSE 204 .
- the irradiated converter material 206 can emit a second light of a certain quality (e.g., color, warmth, intensity, etc.). For example, in one embodiment, the converter material 206 emits yellow light.
- the second light emitted by the converter material 206 can combine with the first light emitted by the SSE 204 to generate a desired color of light (e.g., white light).
- the converter material 206 can include a phosphor containing cerium (III)-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) at a particular concentration for emitting a range of colors from green to yellow and to red under photoluminescence.
- the converter material 206 can include neodymium-doped YAG, neodymium-chromium double-doped YAG, erbium-doped YAG, ytterbium-doped YAG, neodymium-cerium double-doped YAG, holmium-chromium-thulium triple-doped YAG, thulium-doped YAG, chromium (IV)-doped YAG, dysprosium-doped YAG, samarium-doped YAG, terbium-doped YAG, and/or other suitable wavelength conversion materials.
- the converter material 206 can include a phospho
- the lens 212 can be positioned over both the converter material 206 and the SSE 204 such that light emitted by the converter material 206 and the SSE 204 passes through the lens 212 .
- the lens 212 can include a transmissive material made from silicone, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), resin, or other materials with suitable properties for transmitting the radiation emitted by the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 .
- the lens 212 includes an additional converter material (not shown) that emits light at a different frequency than the converter material 206 proximate to (e.g., the closest to) the SSE 204 to generate a desired color of light from the SSL device 200 .
- the lens 212 can include a plurality of diffusion features 226 .
- the exterior surface of the lens 212 has a generally irregular or erratic complex curvature that forms the diffusion features 226 .
- the diffusion features 226 can have different complex curvatures and/or other suitable shapes.
- the diffusion features 226 can diffract or otherwise change the direction of light emitted by the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 within the lens or as it exits the lens 212 to scatter the light. As described in more detail below, the scattered light can blend and/or otherwise diffuse the different colors of light together such that the SSL device 200 emits a substantially more uniform color compared to a lens with a flat surface or uniformly hemispherical surface.
- FIG. 2B is an operational view of the SSL device 200 shown in FIG. 2A that illustrates the emission of light from the SSL device 200 .
- light can be emitted from the SSE 204 along a plurality of first vectors 230 and from the converter material 206 along a plurality of second vectors 232 .
- FIG. 2B shows only a portion of the light emitted from the SSL device 200 .
- the first and second vectors 230 and 232 can be represented as projecting generally radially from the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 , respectively, as if they originated from a point source. In operation, the first and second vectors 230 and 232 project radially from all points across the face of the SSE 204 .
- the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 can emit the first and second vectors 230 and 232 radially across a viewing plane of approximately 180°, stopping at the surface 210 of the support 202 .
- the support 202 can be configured such that viewing plane is wider or narrower.
- the lens 212 can be sized large enough relative to the SSE 204 such that the SSE 204 functions at least generally as a point source.
- the lens 212 can have a generally circular base portion and at the surface 210 of the support 202 that corresponds to the radial projection of the light from the SSE 204 .
- the lens 212 can be smaller with respect to the SSE 204 .
- the base of such a smaller lens 212 can have a shape that generally corresponds to the shape of the SSE 204 .
- the smaller lens 212 can have a shape that does not correspond to the shape of the SSE 204 .
- each first vector 230 projects away from an axis 228 (i.e., an axis normal to the support 202 ) at an emission angle ⁇ .
- the axis 228 corresponds with 0° such that the emission angle ⁇ shown in FIG. 2B can range from vertical (0°) to horizontal (90° and ⁇ 90°).
- First vectors 230 having larger emission angles ⁇ travel longer paths through the converter material 206 .
- the converter material 206 absorbs some of the light and generates light of a different color along the second vectors 232 .
- larger emission angles ⁇ increase the light (e.g., yellow light) emitted by the converter material 206 along the second vectors 232 .
- the converter material 206 scatters light from the SSE 204 . This can further increase the path length that light from the SSE 204 travels through the converter material 206 , which increases the light absorbed by the converter material 206 and decreases the light (e.g., blue light) emitted by the SSE 204 .
- the SSL device 200 emits more of a first color of light (e.g., blue light) from the SSE 204 along the first vectors 230 at a central portion of the SSL device 200 and more of a second color of light (e.g., yellow light) from the converter material 206 along the second vectors 232 at peripheral portions of the SSL device 200 .
- a first color of light e.g., blue light
- a second color of light e.g., yellow light
- the diffusion features 226 of the lens 212 can diffract or otherwise change the direction of light from the first and second vectors 230 and 232 to other vectors that intersect and blend together as they exit the lens 212 .
- the diffusion features 226 can accordingly scatter light along irregular or erratic vectors at the surface of the lens 212 .
- the diffusion features 226 can be configured at different angles relative to the SSE 204 and/or the substrate 202 such that light along the first vectors 230 with a higher emission angles ⁇ diffract or otherwise change direction toward the axis 228 and intersect with light from the second vectors 232 and/or first vectors 230 with lower emission angles ⁇ .
- their respective colors can combine to generate a generally uniform color across the SSL device 200 .
- the diffusion features 226 of the lens 212 diffract or otherwise change the direction of the first and second vectors 230 and 232 in random, irregular, or generally erratic directions.
- the lens 212 can change the direction of light such that light from the first and second vectors 230 and 232 intersects in a particular pattern to provide a desired light distribution.
- the diffusion features 226 of the lens 212 can be configured to collimate the light emitted by the SSL device 200 , project the light emitted by the SSL device 200 at a wide angle (e.g., toward the periphery of the SSL device 200 ), and/or emit light in other suitable light distributions.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between emission angles ⁇ and color variations duv across SSL devices.
- the graph includes a first curve 334 that illustrates the color variation across a conventional SSL device.
- the first curve 334 shows that increasing the emission angle ⁇ varies the color of light emitted across the conventional SSL device.
- the peripheral portions of the conventional SSL device emit more light (e.g., yellow light) from the converter material, while the central portion of the conventional SSL device emits more light (e.g., blue light) from the SSE.
- the conventional SSL device emits a nonuniform color of light.
- the graph of FIG. 3 also has a second curve 336 that illustrates the color variation across an SSL device configured in accordance with selected embodiments of the present technology (e.g., the SSL device 200 described above with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B ).
- the second curve 336 is generally flat irrespective of variations in the emission angle ⁇ .
- diffusion features of a lens e.g., the diffusion features 226 of the lens 212 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B
- many embodiments of SSL devices configured in accordance with the present technology are expected to provide superior color uniformity across the viewing plane.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method 400 for fabricating SSL devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
- the method 400 can include positioning SSEs on a surface of a support wafer (block 402 ).
- the SSEs and the support wafer can be generally similar to the SSE 204 and the support 202 described above with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B .
- the SSEs can be positioned on the support wafer using surface mounting and/or other suitable methods for attaching SSEs on supports.
- the support wafer can comprise a material that encourages epitaxial growth such that the SSEs can be formed directly on the support wafer.
- the method 400 can further include positioning a converter material over each of the SSEs (block 404 ).
- the converter material can be phosphor and/or other converter materials generally similar to the converter material 206 described with reference to FIG. 2A .
- the converter material can be placed over the SSEs using CVD, PVD, and/or other suitable methods for depositing converter material on the SSEs.
- the converter material may be positioned anywhere where light from the corresponding SSE can irradiate energized particles (e.g., electrons and/or photons) in the converter material. In selected embodiments, the converter material can be applied in discrete sections over individual SSEs.
- the method 400 can continue by positioning a lens over one or more of the SSEs (block 406 ).
- the lenses can be formed over the SSEs.
- a mold can be filled with a lens material (e.g., silicone, epoxy, and/or another suitably transparent lens material) and placed over at least one SSE such that the lens material encapsulates the SSE and the corresponding converter material.
- the mold can be compressed, heated, and/or otherwise processed to harden the lens material and attach the lens to the support wafer.
- the lens is injection molded over one or more SSEs by placing a mold over the SSE(s) and injecting the lens material into the mold at elevated temperatures and pressures.
- the lens is formed separately from the SSEs, placed over the SSEs, and attached to the support wafer.
- the method 400 can include singulating individual SSL devices between the lenses (block 408 ).
- the SSEs are singulated before the lenses are positioned over the SSEs.
- the SSEs are singulated even before the converter material is deposited on the SSEs.
- the singulated SSL devices can emit a substantially uniform color of light.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device 500 configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 5B is a top plan view of the SSL device 500
- the SSL device 500 includes the support 202 , the SSE 204 , and the converter material 206 .
- the SSL device 500 includes a lens 512 that has diffusion features 526 that are symmetric relative to a central axis C-C. As shown in FIG. 5A , the diffusion features 526 can be concentric shoulders, steps or ridges in the lens 512 .
- the lens 512 can include more or less ridges and/or can have other shapes symmetric with respect to the central axis C-C. Similar to the diffusion features 226 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B , the diffusion features 526 of the SSL device 500 change the direction of light as it exits the lens 512 such that light emitted from the SSE 204 intersects with itself and light emitted by the converter material 206 . Accordingly, the lens 512 can blend different colors of light from the SSE 204 and the converter material 206 to reduce the color variance across the SSL device 500 . Additionally, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B , the lens 512 can be large relative to the SSE 204 such that the SSE 204 functions effectively as a point source.
- the lens 512 can have a generally circular base portion at the surface 210 of the support 202 and a stepped dome-like shape that corresponds to the radial projection of light emitted by the SSE 204 .
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are a schematic cross-sectional view and a top plan view, respectively of an SSL device 600 in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology.
- the SSL device 600 includes the concentric ridges that form the diffusion features 526 .
- the SSL device 600 includes a lens 612 shaped generally similar to the shape of the SSE 204 . In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6B , for example, the SSE 204 has a rectangular shape and the lens 612 has a corresponding rectangular shape.
- the lens 612 has a different shape (e.g., square, oval) corresponding to the shape of the SSE 204 .
- the complimentary shape of the lens 612 allows the lens 612 to be smaller than domed or hemispherical lenses.
- the smaller lens 612 shown in FIG. 6 can be used in applications with space constraints and/or when the size of the SSE 204 requires the lens to have a low vertical profile (e.g., long lights).
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device 700 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present technology
- FIGS. 7B and 7C are top plan views of the SSL device 700 of FIG. 7A
- the SSL device 700 can include a lens 712 having a plurality of diffusion features 726 in the form of depressions.
- the diffusion features 726 can be dimples as shown in FIG. 7B and/or concentric grooves as shown in FIG. 7C .
- the diffusion features 726 can be other suitable depressions and/or the depressions can change over different portions of the lens 712 . Similar to the lenses described above, the diffusion features 726 of the lens 712 shown in FIG. 7A-C can scatter light as it exits the lens 712 to blend different colors of light into a substantially uniform color across the SSL device 700 .
- the lens 712 can be positioned over a plurality of SSEs 204 at the surface 210 of the support 202 .
- the converter material 206 can be placed on a front side of each SSE 204 in discrete segments (e.g., wafer level converter material 206 ). In other embodiments, the converter material 206 can cover more surfaces of the SSEs 204 . In further embodiments, the converter material 206 can be deposited over the plurality of SSEs 204 in a single layer. In still further embodiments, some of the SSEs 204 may be exposed rather than covered by the converter material 206 .
- the SSEs 204 at the peripheral portion of the SSL device 700 may not be covered with the converter material 206 such that light emitted from the SSEs at the side of the SSL device 700 is not altered by the converter material 206 .
- the converter material 206 can be spaced apart from the SSE 204 in a location that is still irradiated by the SSE 204 .
- the lens 712 has a hemispherical shape and is large enough that the SSEs 204 act effectively as point sources.
- the lens 712 can have a shape that at least generally corresponds to the shape the SSEs 204 .
- the SSEs 204 can be arranged in a rectangular array across the surface 210 of the support 202 , and the lens 712 can have a generally rectangular base portion at the surface 210 of the support 202 corresponding to the shape of the array.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device 800 in accordance with a further embodiment of the present technology.
- the SSL device 800 can include a lens 812 that has a plurality of protrusions that form a plurality of diffusion features 826 .
- the diffusion features 826 can change the direction of light as it exits the lens 812 to blend different colors of light together and thereby mitigate the color nonuniformity caused by the emission angle.
- the SSL device 800 shown in FIG. 8 does not include a layer of converter material covering the SSE 204 . Rather, the lens 812 can include the converter material 0606 .
- the converter material 206 is distributed throughout the lens 812 .
- the converter material 206 is localized in specific regions within the lens 812 .
- the converter material 206 can be positioned in a central portion of the lens 812 such that the light emitted from the SSE 204 at the peripheral portions of the lens 812 is not altered by the converter material 206 .
- the lens 812 can include a plurality of different converter materials 206 localized in specific regions within the lens 812 to emit light with different wavelengths.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device 900 configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology.
- the SSL device 900 includes two lenses.
- a first lens 938 can be over the SSE 204 and a converter material 906 can be on the first lens 938 .
- the converter material 906 can be at least generally similar to the converter material 206 described above with reference to FIGS. 2A and 5A-7C .
- a second lens 912 can be positioned over and/or around the first lens 938 and the converter material 906 .
- the second lens 912 can be at least generally similar to the lenses having diffusion features described above with reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B and 5A-8 .
- the second lens 912 can have a plurality of irregular diffusion features 926 that scatter light as it exits the second lens 912 to mitigate color variance caused by the emission angle.
- the second lens 912 can be used to retrofit an existing SSL device that includes the first lens 938 to increase the color uniformity of the existing SSL device.
- the SSL devices shown in FIGS. 2A and 5A-7C include converter material 206 having a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the converter material 206 can have a different cross-sectional shape (e.g., semicircular, irregular) or be incorporated into the lenses.
- lenses in accordance with the present technology can have different shapes than those shown in the Figures.
- a lens can have any shape that changes the direction of the light as it exits the lens to blend different colors of light together.
- the SSL devices shown above can include both a converter material over an SSE as shown in FIGS. 2A, 5A-7C and 9 and a second converter material distributed throughout a lens as shown in FIG. 8 .
- advantages associated with certain embodiments of the new technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, but not all of the embodiments within the scope of the technology necessarily exhibit such advantages. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/167,172, filed Oct. 22, 2018; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/982,330, filed May 17, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,243,120; which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/684,192, filed Apr. 10, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,002,994; which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/092,669, filed Apr. 22, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,029,887; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present technology is related to solid state lighting (“SSL”) devices and associated methods of manufacturing SSL devices. In particular, the present technology is related to SSL devices having lenses that improve color uniformity across the SSL device and associated methods.
- Solid state lighting (“SSL”) devices generally use solid state emitters (“SSEs”) such as semiconductor light-emitting diodes (“LEDs”), organic light-emitting diodes (“OLEDs”), and/or polymer light-emitting diodes (“PLEDs”) as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments, plasma, or gas. A conventional type of SSL device has a “white light” SSE. White light requires a mixture of wavelengths to be perceived by human eyes. However, SSEs typically only emit light at one particular wavelength (e.g., blue light), so SSEs are modified to generate white light. One conventional technique for modulating the light from SSEs includes depositing a converter material (e.g., phosphor) on the SSE. For example,
FIG. 1 shows aconventional SSL device 10 that includes asupport 2, anSSE 4 attached to thesupport 2, and a converter material 6 on theSSE 4. TheSSE 4 emits light (e.g., blue light) radially outward along a plurality offirst vectors 8. The converter material 6 scatters some of the light emitted by theSSE 4 and absorbs other light emitted by theSSE 4. The absorbed light causes the converter material 6 to emit light of a different color along a plurality ofsecond vectors 12. The light from the converter material along thesecond vectors 12 can have a desired frequency (e.g., yellow light) such that the combination of light along the first andsecond vectors - One challenge associated with conventional SSL devices (e.g., the
SSL device 10 shown inFIG. 1 ) is that the color of light generally varies across the SSL devices due to the emission angle. As shown inFIG. 1 , when theSSE 4 is treated as a point source, the emission angle θ is the angle that light (e.g., along the first vectors 8) projects away from an axis N normal to thesupport 2. The distance light travels through the converter material 6 accordingly changes as a function of the emission angle θ. As shown inFIG. 1 , for example, thefirst vectors 8 having greater emission angles θ (e.g., 60°) travel greater distances through the converter material 6 than thefirst vectors 8 having smaller emission angles θ (e.g., 10°). The longer afirst vector 8 travels through the converter material 6, the more light from theSSE 4 the converter material 6 absorbs, and the more light the converter material 6 generates. As a result, light with a large emission angle θ and thereby a longer path through the converter material 6 includes less blue light from theSSE 4 and generates more yellow light from the converter material 6. Conversely, light with a small emission angle θ and thereby a shorter path through the converter material 6 includes more blue light from theSSE 4 and generates less yellow light from the converter material 6. Therefore, when viewed head-on, the color of light emitted by theSSL device 10 may appear more bluish, and when viewed from the side, the color of light may appear more yellowish. Accordingly, the emission angle θ of the light can result in color variance across the viewing angle of theSSL device 10. -
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an SSL device in accordance with the prior art. -
FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. -
FIG. 2B is an operational view of the SSL device ofFIG. 2A illustrating the emission of light from the SSL device. -
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between emission angles and color variations across SSL devices. -
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of fabricating SSL devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. -
FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology, andFIG. 5B is a top plan view of the SSL device ofFIG. 5A . -
FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology, andFIG. 6B is a top plan view of the SSL device ofFIG. 6A . -
FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device, andFIGS. 7B and 7C are top plan views of the SSL device ofFIG. 7A configured in accordance with further embodiments of the present technology. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present technology. -
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an SSL device configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology. - Specific details of several embodiments of solid state lighting (“SSL”) devices and associated methods of manufacturing SSL devices are described below. The term “SSL” generally refers to “solid state light” and/or “solid state lighting” according to the context in which it is used. The term “SSE” generally refers to solid state components that convert electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet, infrared, and/or other spectra. SSEs include semiconductor light-emitting diodes (“LEDs”), polymer light-emitting diodes (“PLEDs”), organic light-emitting diodes (“OLEDs”), or other types of solid state devices that convert electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation in a desired spectrum. The term “phosphor” generally refers to a material that can continue emitting light after exposure to energy (e.g., electrons and/or photons). Additionally, the term “lens” generally refers to a material (e.g., a transparent encapsulant) that can emit light through its exterior surface. Packaged SSL devices and methods of manufacturing SSL assemblies are specifically described below to provide an enabling disclosure, but the package and methods can be applied to any SSL device. A person skilled in the relevant art will understand that the new technology may have additional embodiments and that the new technology may be practiced without several of the details of the embodiments described below with reference to
FIGS. 2A-9 . -
FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of anSSL device 200 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. TheSSL device 200 can include asupport 202 and anSSE 204 attached to asurface 210 of thesupport 202. TheSSL device 200 can further include aconverter material 206 positioned over theSSE 204, and alens 212 positioned over both theSSE 204 and theconverter material 206. - As shown in
FIG. 2A , theSSE 204 can include afirst semiconductor material 214, anactive region 216, and asecond semiconductor material 218. Thefirst semiconductor material 214 can be a P-type semiconductor material proximate afirst side 208 a of theSSE 204, such as P-type gallium nitride (“P-GaN”), and thesecond semiconductor material 218 can be an N-type semiconductor material proximate asecond side 208 b of theSSE 204, such as N-type gallium nitride (“N-GaN”). This configuration is suitable forSSEs 204 formed on silicon growth substrates and subsequently attached to thesupport 202. In other embodiments, such as when theSSE 204 is formed on a sapphire growth substrate, the P-GaN and N-GaN are reversed such that the P-GaN is proximate thesecond side 208 b of theSSE 204 and the N-GaN is proximate thefirst side 208 a. Theactive region 216 can be indium gallium nitride (“InGaN”). Thefirst semiconductor material 214,active region 216, andsecond semiconductor material 218 can be deposited sequentially using chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”), physical vapor deposition (“PVD”), atomic layer deposition (“ALD”), plating, or other techniques known in the semiconductor fabrication arts. In operation, theSSE 204 can emit a first light in the visible spectrum (e.g., from about 390 nm to about 750 nm), in the infrared spectrum (e.g., from about 1050 nm to about 1550 nm), and/or in other suitable spectra. - As shown in
FIG. 2A , theconverter material 206 can be placed over at least a portion of theSSE 204 such that light from theSSE 204 irradiates theconverter material 206. In the illustrated embodiment, theconverter material 206 is positioned over asecond side 208 b of theSSE 204 and is generally planar. In other embodiments, theconverter material 206 has a hemispherical or other suitable shape, and/or is spaced apart from theSSE 204 in other locations of theSSL device 200 that are irradiated by theSSE 204. Theirradiated converter material 206 can emit a second light of a certain quality (e.g., color, warmth, intensity, etc.). For example, in one embodiment, theconverter material 206 emits yellow light. The second light emitted by theconverter material 206 can combine with the first light emitted by theSSE 204 to generate a desired color of light (e.g., white light). - The
converter material 206 can include a phosphor containing cerium (III)-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) at a particular concentration for emitting a range of colors from green to yellow and to red under photoluminescence. In other embodiments, theconverter material 206 can include neodymium-doped YAG, neodymium-chromium double-doped YAG, erbium-doped YAG, ytterbium-doped YAG, neodymium-cerium double-doped YAG, holmium-chromium-thulium triple-doped YAG, thulium-doped YAG, chromium (IV)-doped YAG, dysprosium-doped YAG, samarium-doped YAG, terbium-doped YAG, and/or other suitable wavelength conversion materials. In further embodiments, theconverter material 206 can include silicate phosphor, nitrate phosphor, aluminate phosphor and/or other types of salt or ester based phosphors. - As further shown in
FIG. 2A , thelens 212 can be positioned over both theconverter material 206 and theSSE 204 such that light emitted by theconverter material 206 and theSSE 204 passes through thelens 212. Thelens 212 can include a transmissive material made from silicone, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), resin, or other materials with suitable properties for transmitting the radiation emitted by theSSE 204 and theconverter material 206. In selected embodiments, thelens 212 includes an additional converter material (not shown) that emits light at a different frequency than theconverter material 206 proximate to (e.g., the closest to) theSSE 204 to generate a desired color of light from theSSL device 200. - Additionally, as shown in
FIG. 2A , thelens 212 can include a plurality of diffusion features 226. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the exterior surface of thelens 212 has a generally irregular or erratic complex curvature that forms the diffusion features 226. In other embodiments, the diffusion features 226 can have different complex curvatures and/or other suitable shapes. The diffusion features 226 can diffract or otherwise change the direction of light emitted by theSSE 204 and theconverter material 206 within the lens or as it exits thelens 212 to scatter the light. As described in more detail below, the scattered light can blend and/or otherwise diffuse the different colors of light together such that theSSL device 200 emits a substantially more uniform color compared to a lens with a flat surface or uniformly hemispherical surface. -
FIG. 2B is an operational view of theSSL device 200 shown inFIG. 2A that illustrates the emission of light from theSSL device 200. As shown inFIG. 2B , light can be emitted from theSSE 204 along a plurality offirst vectors 230 and from theconverter material 206 along a plurality ofsecond vectors 232. For clarity,FIG. 2B shows only a portion of the light emitted from theSSL device 200. The first andsecond vectors SSE 204 and theconverter material 206, respectively, as if they originated from a point source. In operation, the first andsecond vectors SSE 204. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 2B , for example, theSSE 204 and theconverter material 206 can emit the first andsecond vectors surface 210 of thesupport 202. In other embodiments, thesupport 202 can be configured such that viewing plane is wider or narrower. - As shown in
FIG. 2B , thelens 212 can be sized large enough relative to theSSE 204 such that theSSE 204 functions at least generally as a point source. When theSSE 204 operates as a point source, thelens 212 can have a generally circular base portion and at thesurface 210 of thesupport 202 that corresponds to the radial projection of the light from theSSE 204. In other embodiments, such as when vertical height is a constraint, thelens 212 can be smaller with respect to theSSE 204. The base of such asmaller lens 212 can have a shape that generally corresponds to the shape of theSSE 204. In other embodiments, thesmaller lens 212 can have a shape that does not correspond to the shape of theSSE 204. - As further shown in
FIG. 2B , eachfirst vector 230 projects away from an axis 228 (i.e., an axis normal to the support 202) at an emission angle θ. Theaxis 228 corresponds with 0° such that the emission angle θ shown inFIG. 2B can range from vertical (0°) to horizontal (90° and −90°).First vectors 230 having larger emission angles θ travel longer paths through theconverter material 206. As light from theSSE 204 travels through theconverter material 206, theconverter material 206 absorbs some of the light and generates light of a different color along thesecond vectors 232. Thus, larger emission angles θ increase the light (e.g., yellow light) emitted by theconverter material 206 along thesecond vectors 232. Additionally, theconverter material 206 scatters light from theSSE 204. This can further increase the path length that light from theSSE 204 travels through theconverter material 206, which increases the light absorbed by theconverter material 206 and decreases the light (e.g., blue light) emitted by theSSE 204. Thus, theSSL device 200 emits more of a first color of light (e.g., blue light) from theSSE 204 along thefirst vectors 230 at a central portion of theSSL device 200 and more of a second color of light (e.g., yellow light) from theconverter material 206 along thesecond vectors 232 at peripheral portions of theSSL device 200. - To mitigate such color nonuniformity, the diffusion features 226 of the
lens 212 can diffract or otherwise change the direction of light from the first andsecond vectors lens 212. The diffusion features 226 can accordingly scatter light along irregular or erratic vectors at the surface of thelens 212. For example, the diffusion features 226 can be configured at different angles relative to theSSE 204 and/or thesubstrate 202 such that light along thefirst vectors 230 with a higher emission angles θ diffract or otherwise change direction toward theaxis 228 and intersect with light from thesecond vectors 232 and/orfirst vectors 230 with lower emission angles θ. As light from the first andsecond vectors SSL device 200. - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 2B , the diffusion features 226 of thelens 212 diffract or otherwise change the direction of the first andsecond vectors lens 212 can change the direction of light such that light from the first andsecond vectors lens 212 can be configured to collimate the light emitted by theSSL device 200, project the light emitted by theSSL device 200 at a wide angle (e.g., toward the periphery of the SSL device 200), and/or emit light in other suitable light distributions. -
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between emission angles θ and color variations duv across SSL devices. The graph includes afirst curve 334 that illustrates the color variation across a conventional SSL device. Thefirst curve 334 shows that increasing the emission angle θ varies the color of light emitted across the conventional SSL device. As a result, the peripheral portions of the conventional SSL device emit more light (e.g., yellow light) from the converter material, while the central portion of the conventional SSL device emits more light (e.g., blue light) from the SSE. Accordingly, the conventional SSL device emits a nonuniform color of light. - The graph of
FIG. 3 also has asecond curve 336 that illustrates the color variation across an SSL device configured in accordance with selected embodiments of the present technology (e.g., theSSL device 200 described above with reference toFIGS. 2A and 2B ). As shown inFIG. 3 , thesecond curve 336 is generally flat irrespective of variations in the emission angle θ. As described above, diffusion features of a lens (e.g., the diffusion features 226 of thelens 212 shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B ) can diffract and blend light as it exits the lens to mitigate color variance caused by the emission angle θ. Accordingly, many embodiments of SSL devices configured in accordance with the present technology are expected to provide superior color uniformity across the viewing plane. -
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of amethod 400 for fabricating SSL devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. Themethod 400 can include positioning SSEs on a surface of a support wafer (block 402). The SSEs and the support wafer can be generally similar to theSSE 204 and thesupport 202 described above with reference toFIGS. 2A and 2B . The SSEs can be positioned on the support wafer using surface mounting and/or other suitable methods for attaching SSEs on supports. In other embodiments, the support wafer can comprise a material that encourages epitaxial growth such that the SSEs can be formed directly on the support wafer. - The
method 400 can further include positioning a converter material over each of the SSEs (block 404). The converter material can be phosphor and/or other converter materials generally similar to theconverter material 206 described with reference toFIG. 2A . The converter material can be placed over the SSEs using CVD, PVD, and/or other suitable methods for depositing converter material on the SSEs. The converter material may be positioned anywhere where light from the corresponding SSE can irradiate energized particles (e.g., electrons and/or photons) in the converter material. In selected embodiments, the converter material can be applied in discrete sections over individual SSEs. - The
method 400 can continue by positioning a lens over one or more of the SSEs (block 406). In several embodiments, the lenses can be formed over the SSEs. For example, during overmolding, a mold can be filled with a lens material (e.g., silicone, epoxy, and/or another suitably transparent lens material) and placed over at least one SSE such that the lens material encapsulates the SSE and the corresponding converter material. The mold can be compressed, heated, and/or otherwise processed to harden the lens material and attach the lens to the support wafer. In other embodiments, the lens is injection molded over one or more SSEs by placing a mold over the SSE(s) and injecting the lens material into the mold at elevated temperatures and pressures. In further embodiments, the lens is formed separately from the SSEs, placed over the SSEs, and attached to the support wafer. Once the lenses are positioned over the SSEs and the converter material, themethod 400 can include singulating individual SSL devices between the lenses (block 408). In selected embodiments, the SSEs are singulated before the lenses are positioned over the SSEs. In other embodiments, the SSEs are singulated even before the converter material is deposited on the SSEs. The singulated SSL devices can emit a substantially uniform color of light. -
FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of anSSL device 500 configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology, andFIG. 5B is a top plan view of theSSL device 500. Several features of theSSL device 500 are generally similar to the features of theSSL device 200 shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B . For example, theSSL device 500 includes thesupport 202, theSSE 204, and theconverter material 206. In the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 5A and 5B , theSSL device 500 includes alens 512 that has diffusion features 526 that are symmetric relative to a central axis C-C. As shown inFIG. 5A , the diffusion features 526 can be concentric shoulders, steps or ridges in thelens 512. In other embodiments, thelens 512 can include more or less ridges and/or can have other shapes symmetric with respect to the central axis C-C. Similar to the diffusion features 226 shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B , the diffusion features 526 of theSSL device 500 change the direction of light as it exits thelens 512 such that light emitted from theSSE 204 intersects with itself and light emitted by theconverter material 206. Accordingly, thelens 512 can blend different colors of light from theSSE 204 and theconverter material 206 to reduce the color variance across theSSL device 500. Additionally, as shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B , thelens 512 can be large relative to theSSE 204 such that theSSE 204 functions effectively as a point source. Accordingly, as shown inFIG. 5B , thelens 512 can have a generally circular base portion at thesurface 210 of thesupport 202 and a stepped dome-like shape that corresponds to the radial projection of light emitted by theSSE 204. -
FIGS. 6A and 6B are a schematic cross-sectional view and a top plan view, respectively of anSSL device 600 in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology. Several features of theSSL device 600 are generally similar to the features of theSSL device 500 shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B . For example, theSSL device 600 includes the concentric ridges that form the diffusion features 526. TheSSL device 600 includes alens 612 shaped generally similar to the shape of theSSE 204. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6B , for example, theSSE 204 has a rectangular shape and thelens 612 has a corresponding rectangular shape. In other embodiments, thelens 612 has a different shape (e.g., square, oval) corresponding to the shape of theSSE 204. The complimentary shape of thelens 612 allows thelens 612 to be smaller than domed or hemispherical lenses. Thesmaller lens 612 shown inFIG. 6 can be used in applications with space constraints and/or when the size of theSSE 204 requires the lens to have a low vertical profile (e.g., long lights). -
FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view of anSSL device 700 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present technology, andFIGS. 7B and 7C are top plan views of theSSL device 700 ofFIG. 7A . Several features of theSSL device 700 are generally similar to the features of theSSL devices FIGS. 2A, 2B, 5A-6B , and are accordingly not described in detail below. As shown inFIGS. 7A-C , theSSL device 700 can include alens 712 having a plurality of diffusion features 726 in the form of depressions. For example, the diffusion features 726 can be dimples as shown inFIG. 7B and/or concentric grooves as shown inFIG. 7C . In other embodiments, the diffusion features 726 can be other suitable depressions and/or the depressions can change over different portions of thelens 712. Similar to the lenses described above, the diffusion features 726 of thelens 712 shown inFIG. 7A-C can scatter light as it exits thelens 712 to blend different colors of light into a substantially uniform color across theSSL device 700. - As further shown in
FIGS. 7A-C , thelens 712 can be positioned over a plurality ofSSEs 204 at thesurface 210 of thesupport 202. Referring toFIG. 7A , theconverter material 206 can be placed on a front side of eachSSE 204 in discrete segments (e.g., wafer level converter material 206). In other embodiments, theconverter material 206 can cover more surfaces of theSSEs 204. In further embodiments, theconverter material 206 can be deposited over the plurality ofSSEs 204 in a single layer. In still further embodiments, some of theSSEs 204 may be exposed rather than covered by theconverter material 206. For example, theSSEs 204 at the peripheral portion of theSSL device 700 may not be covered with theconverter material 206 such that light emitted from the SSEs at the side of theSSL device 700 is not altered by theconverter material 206. In additional embodiments, theconverter material 206 can be spaced apart from theSSE 204 in a location that is still irradiated by theSSE 204. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 7A-7C , thelens 712 has a hemispherical shape and is large enough that theSSEs 204 act effectively as point sources. In other embodiments, thelens 712 can have a shape that at least generally corresponds to the shape theSSEs 204. For example, theSSEs 204 can be arranged in a rectangular array across thesurface 210 of thesupport 202, and thelens 712 can have a generally rectangular base portion at thesurface 210 of thesupport 202 corresponding to the shape of the array. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of anSSL device 800 in accordance with a further embodiment of the present technology. Several features of theSSL device 800 are generally similar to the features of the SSL devices described above. For example, as shown inFIG. 8 , theSSL device 800 can include a lens 812 that has a plurality of protrusions that form a plurality of diffusion features 826. The diffusion features 826 can change the direction of light as it exits the lens 812 to blend different colors of light together and thereby mitigate the color nonuniformity caused by the emission angle. TheSSL device 800 shown inFIG. 8 , however, does not include a layer of converter material covering theSSE 204. Rather, the lens 812 can include the converter material 0606. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 8 , for example, theconverter material 206 is distributed throughout the lens 812. In other embodiments, theconverter material 206 is localized in specific regions within the lens 812. For example, theconverter material 206 can be positioned in a central portion of the lens 812 such that the light emitted from theSSE 204 at the peripheral portions of the lens 812 is not altered by theconverter material 206. In other embodiments, the lens 812 can include a plurality ofdifferent converter materials 206 localized in specific regions within the lens 812 to emit light with different wavelengths. -
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of anSSL device 900 configured in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present technology. Several features of theSSL device 900 are generally similar to the features of the SSL devices shown above. TheSSL device 900, however, includes two lenses. As shown inFIG. 9 , afirst lens 938 can be over theSSE 204 and aconverter material 906 can be on thefirst lens 938. Theconverter material 906 can be at least generally similar to theconverter material 206 described above with reference toFIGS. 2A and 5A-7C . As further shown inFIG. 9 , asecond lens 912 can be positioned over and/or around thefirst lens 938 and theconverter material 906. Thesecond lens 912 can be at least generally similar to the lenses having diffusion features described above with reference toFIGS. 2A, 2B and 5A-8 . For example, thesecond lens 912 can have a plurality of irregular diffusion features 926 that scatter light as it exits thesecond lens 912 to mitigate color variance caused by the emission angle. In selected embodiments, thesecond lens 912 can be used to retrofit an existing SSL device that includes thefirst lens 938 to increase the color uniformity of the existing SSL device. - From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the disclosure. For example, the SSL devices shown in
FIGS. 2A and 5A-7C includeconverter material 206 having a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, theconverter material 206 can have a different cross-sectional shape (e.g., semicircular, irregular) or be incorporated into the lenses. Additionally, lenses in accordance with the present technology can have different shapes than those shown in the Figures. For example, a lens can have any shape that changes the direction of the light as it exits the lens to blend different colors of light together. Certain aspects of the new technology described in the context of particular embodiments may be combined or eliminated in other embodiments. For example, the SSL devices shown above can include both a converter material over an SSE as shown inFIGS. 2A, 5A-7C and 9 and a second converter material distributed throughout a lens as shown inFIG. 8 . Additionally, while advantages associated with certain embodiments of the new technology have been described in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, but not all of the embodiments within the scope of the technology necessarily exhibit such advantages. Accordingly, the disclosure and associated technology can encompass other embodiments not expressly shown or described herein.
Claims (21)
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US17/011,915 US20210057621A1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2020-09-03 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
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US13/092,669 US9029887B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2011-04-22 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US14/684,192 US10002994B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2015-04-10 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US15/982,330 US10243120B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-05-17 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US16/167,172 US10804447B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-10-22 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US17/011,915 US20210057621A1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2020-09-03 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
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US15/982,330 Active US10243120B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-05-17 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US16/167,172 Active US10804447B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-10-22 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US17/011,915 Abandoned US20210057621A1 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2020-09-03 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
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US14/684,192 Active US10002994B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2015-04-10 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US15/982,330 Active US10243120B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-05-17 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
US16/167,172 Active US10804447B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2018-10-22 | Solid state lighting devices having improved color uniformity and associated methods |
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Also Published As
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US20180269365A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
US20190058097A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
US10243120B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
US10002994B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
TWI523274B (en) | 2016-02-21 |
US9029887B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
US20150287895A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
US10804447B2 (en) | 2020-10-13 |
TW201248934A (en) | 2012-12-01 |
US20120267650A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
WO2012145421A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
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