US20190258047A1 - Ocular optical system - Google Patents
Ocular optical system Download PDFInfo
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- US20190258047A1 US20190258047A1 US16/383,689 US201916383689A US2019258047A1 US 20190258047 A1 US20190258047 A1 US 20190258047A1 US 201916383689 A US201916383689 A US 201916383689A US 2019258047 A1 US2019258047 A1 US 2019258047A1
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- lens element
- optical system
- ocular optical
- eye
- ocular
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
- G02B25/001—Eyepieces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B25/00—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses
- G02B25/04—Eyepieces; Magnifying glasses affording a wide-angle view, e.g. through a spy-hole
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
- G02B9/04—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having two components only
- G02B9/10—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having two components only one + and one - component
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical system, and particularly, to an ocular optical system.
- n1 is a refractive index of the first lens element 3 ;
- FIG. 12A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the second embodiment
- the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ⁇ 0.35 mm.
- FIG. 12B and FIG. 12C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations
- the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ⁇ 2.5 mm.
- FIG. 12D the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the second embodiment can be maintained within the range of ⁇ 22%. Accordingly, compared to the first embodiment, the second embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that SL is shortened to about 61.243 mm.
- the aspheric coefficients of the eye-side surfaces 31 and 41 and the display-side surfaces 32 and 42 in the formula (1) are indicated in FIG. 42 according to the ninth embodiment.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
An ocular optical system includes a first lens element and a second lens element from an eye-side to a display-side in order along an optical axis. The first lens element and the second lens element each include an eye-side surface and a display-side surface. The eye-side surface of the first lens element has a convex portion in a vicinity of the optical axis. The second lens element has negative refracting power. The ocular optical system satisfies 1.5≤|f2/f1| and 250 millimeters/EFL≤10, wherein f2 is the focal length of the second lens element, f1 is the focal length of the first lens element, and EFL is the effective focal length of the ocular optical system.
Description
- This application is a continuation application of and claims the priority benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/348,904, filed on Nov. 10, 2016, now allowed, which claims the priority benefit of China application serial no. 201610862363.5, filed on Sep. 29, 2016. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
- The invention relates to an optical system, and particularly, to an ocular optical system.
- Virtual Reality (VR) refers to computer technologies used for simulating and generating a three-dimensional virtual world, which enables immersive simulation for users by providing simulations pertaining to visual sensation, auditory sensation and other sensations to users. The currently existing VR devices are mainly focused on visual experiences. Binocular parallax of human eyes is simulated by separated images with two slightly different perspectives corresponding to the left and right eyes to achieve a stereo vision. In order to reduce the volume of the VR device so users can receive a magnified visual sensation from a smaller display screen, an ocular optical system with magnifying capability is now one of major topics in research and development for VR.
- Because a half apparent field of view is smaller in the existing ocular optical system, an observer may experience narrow vision, low resolution and even aberrations so serious that an aberration compensation must be performed on the display screen before presentation. Accordingly, how to increase the half apparent field of view and enhance the imaging quality becomes one of issues to be addressed.
- The invention is directed to an ocular optical system, which is capable of shortening a system length without sacrificing a favorable imaging quality and a large half apparent field of view.
- An embodiment of the invention proposes an ocular optical system for imaging of imaging rays entering an eye of an observer via the ocular optical system from a display screen, where a side facing towards the eye is an eye-side and a side facing towards the display screen is a display-side. The ocular optical system includes a first lens element and a second lens element from the eye-side to the display-side in order along an optical axis. The first lens element and the second lens element each include an eye-side surface and a display-side surface.
- The eye-side surface of the first lens element has a convex portion in a vicinity of the optical axis. The second lens element has negative refracting power. The ocular optical system satisfies 1.5≤|f2/f1| and 250 millimeters/EFL≤10, wherein f2 is a focal length of the second lens element, f1 is a focal length of the first lens element, and EFL is an effective focal length of the ocular optical system.
- Based on the above, in the embodiments of the invention, the ocular optical system can provide the following advantageous effects. With design and arrangement of the lens elements in terms of surface shapes and refracting powers as well as design of optical parameters, the ocular optical system can include optical properties for overcoming the aberrations and provide the favorable imaging quality and the large apparent field of view, given that the system length is shorten.
- To make the above features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with drawings are described in detail as follows.
- The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a surface structure of a lens element. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a concave and convex surface structure of a lens element and a ray focal point. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a surface structure of a lens element according to a first example. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a surface structure of a lens element according to a second example. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a surface structure of a lens element according to a third example. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a first embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 8A toFIG. 8D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the first embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 9 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the first embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 10 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the first embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a second embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 12A toFIG. 12D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the second embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 13 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the second embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 14 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the second embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 15 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a third embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 16A toFIG. 16D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the third embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 17 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the third embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 18 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the third embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 19 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 20A toFIG. 20D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 21 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 22 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 23 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a fifth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 24A toFIG. 24D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 25 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 26 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 27 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 28A toFIG. 28D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 29 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 30 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 31 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a seventh embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 32A toFIG. 32D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 33 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 34 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 35 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to an eighth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 36A toFIG. 36D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 37 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 38 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 39 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to a ninth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 40A toFIG. 40D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 41 shows detailed optical data pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 42 shows aspheric parameters pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 43 andFIG. 44 show important parameters and relation values thereof pertaining to the ocular optical system according to the first through the ninth embodiments of the invention. - Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
- In general, a ray direction of an ocular optical system V100 refers to the following: imaging rays VI are emitted by a display screen V50, enter an eye V60 via the ocular optical system V100, and are then focused on a retina of the eye V60 for imaging and generating an enlarged virtual image VV at a least distance of distinct vision VD, as depicted in
FIG. 1 . The following criteria for determining optical specifications of the present application are based on assumption that a reversely tracking of the ray direction is parallel imaging rays passing through the ocular optical system from an eye-side and focused on the display screen for imaging. - In the present specification, the description “a lens element having positive refracting power (or negative refracting power)” means that the paraxial refracting power of the lens element in Gaussian optics is positive (or negative). The description “An eye-side (or display-side) surface of a lens element” only includes a specific region of that surface of the lens element where imaging rays are capable of passing through that region, namely the clear aperture of the surface. The aforementioned imaging rays can be classified into two types, chief ray Lc and marginal ray Lm. Taking a lens element depicted in
FIG. 2 as an example, I is an optical axis and the lens element is rotationally symmetric, where the optical axis I is the axis of symmetry. The region A of the lens element is defined as “a portion in a vicinity of the optical axis”, and the region C of the lens element is defined as “a portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element”. Besides, the lens element may also have an extending portion E extended radially and outwardly from the region C, namely the portion outside of the clear aperture of the lens element. The extending portion E is usually used for physically assembling the lens element into an optical imaging lens system. Under normal circumstances, the imaging rays would not pass through the extending portion E because those imaging rays only pass through the clear aperture. The structures and shapes of the aforementioned extending portion E are only examples for technical explanation, the structures and shapes of lens elements should not be limited to these examples. Note that the extending portions of the lens element surfaces depicted in the following embodiments are partially omitted. - The following criteria are provided for determining the shapes and the portions of lens element surfaces set forth in the present specification. These criteria mainly determine the boundaries of portions under various circumstances including the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis, the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of a lens element surface, and other types of lens element surfaces such as those having multiple portions.
- 1.
FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of a lens element. Before determining boundaries of those aforesaid portions, two referential points should be defined first, central point and transition point. The central point of a surface of a lens element is a point of intersection of that surface and the optical axis. The transition point is a point on a surface of a lens element, where the tangent line of that point is perpendicular to the optical axis. Additionally, if multiple transition points appear on one single surface, then these transition points are sequentially named along the radial direction of the surface with numbers starting from the first transition point. For instance, the first transition point (closest one to the optical axis), the second transition point, and the Nth transition point (farthest one to the optical axis within the scope of the clear aperture of the surface). The portion of a surface of the lens element between the central point and the first transition point is defined as the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis. The portion located radially outside of the Nth transition point (but still within the scope of the clear aperture) is defined as the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element. In some embodiments, there are other portions existing between the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis and the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element; the numbers of portions depend on the numbers of the transition point(s). In addition, the radius of the clear aperture (or a so-called effective radius) of a surface is defined as the radial distance from the optical axis I to a point of intersection of the marginal ray Lm and the surface of the lens element. - 2. Referring to
FIG. 3 , determining the shape of a portion is convex or concave depends on whether a collimated ray passing through that portion converges or diverges. That is, while applying a collimated ray to a portion to be determined in terms of shape, the collimated ray passing through that portion will be bended and the ray itself or its extension line will eventually meet the optical axis. The shape of that portion can be determined by whether the ray or its extension line meets (intersects) the optical axis (focal point) at the eye-side or display-side. For instance, if the ray itself intersects the optical axis at the display-side of the lens element after passing through a portion, i.e. the focal point of this ray is at the display-side (see point R inFIG. 3 ), the portion will be determined as having a convex shape. On the contrary, if the ray diverges after passing through a portion, the extension line of the ray intersects the optical axis at the eye-side of the lens element, i.e. the focal point of the ray is at the eye-side (see point M inFIG. 3 ), that portion will be determined as having a concave shape. Therefore, referring toFIG. 3 , the portion between the central point and the first transition point has a convex shape, the portion located radially outside of the first transition point has a concave shape, and the first transition point is the point where the portion having a convex shape changes to the portion having a concave shape, namely the border of two adjacent portions. Alternatively, there is another common way for a person with ordinary skill in the art to tell whether a portion in a vicinity of the optical axis has a convex or concave shape by referring to the sign of an “R” value, which is the (paraxial) radius of curvature of a lens surface. The R value which is commonly used in conventional optical design software such as Zemax and CodeV. The R value usually appears in the lens data sheet in the software. For an eye-side surface, positive R means that the eye-side surface is convex, and negative R means that the eye-side surface is concave. Conversely, for a display-side surface, positive R means that the display-side surface is concave, and negative R means that the display-side surface is convex. The result found by using this method should be consistent as by using the other way mentioned above, which determines surface shapes by referring to whether the focal point of a collimated ray is at the eye-side or the display-side. - 3. For none transition point cases, the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis is defined as the portion between 0-50% of the effective radius (radius of the clear aperture) of the surface, whereas the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element is defined as the portion between 50-100% of effective radius (radius of the clear aperture) of the surface.
- Referring to the first example depicted in
FIG. 4 , only one transition point, namely a first transition point, appears within the clear aperture of the display-side surface of the lens element. Portion I is a portion in a vicinity of the optical axis, and portion II is a portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element. The portion in a vicinity of the optical axis is determined as having a concave surface due to the R value at the display-side surface of the lens element is positive. The shape of the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element is different from that of the radially inner adjacent portion, i.e. the shape of the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element is different from the shape of the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis; the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element has a convex shape. - Referring to the second example depicted in
FIG. 5 , a first transition point and a second transition point exist on the eye-side surface (within the clear aperture) of a lens element. In which portion I is the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis, and portion III is the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element. The portion in a vicinity of the optical axis has a convex shape because the R value at the eye-side surface of the lens element is positive. The portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element (portion III) has a convex shape. What is more, there is another portion having a concave shape existing between the first and second transition point (portion II). - Referring to a third example depicted in
FIG. 6 , no transition point exists on the eye-side surface of the lens element. In this case, the portion between 0-50% of the effective radius (radius of the clear aperture) is determined as the portion in a vicinity of the optical axis, and the portion between 50-100% of the effective radius is determined as the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element. The portion in a vicinity of the optical axis of the eye-side surface of the lens element is determined as having a convex shape due to its positive R value, and the portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element is determined as having a convex shape as well. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the first embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 8A toFIG. 8D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the first embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 7 , an ocularoptical system 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention is used for imaging of imaging rays entering an eye of an observer via the ocularoptical system 10 and apupil 2 of the eye of the observer from adisplay screen 100. A side facing towards the eye is an eye-side, a side facing towards thedisplay screen 100 is a display-side. The ocularoptical system 10 includes afirst lens element 3 and asecond lens element 4 from the eye-side to the display-side in order along an optical axis I of the ocularoptical system 10. When the rays emitted by thedisplay screen 100 enter the ocularoptical system 10, pass through thesecond lens elements 4 and thefirst lens element 3 in order, and enter the eye of the observer via thepupil 2, an image is formed on a retina of the eye. - The
first lens element 3 and thesecond lens element 4 each include an eye-side surface side surface first lens element 3 and thesecond lens element 4 all have refracting power. Besides, thefirst lens element 3 and thesecond lens element 4 are made of plastic material; nevertheless, the material of thefirst lens element 3 and thesecond lens element 4 is not limited thereto. - The
first lens element 3 has positive refracting power. The eye-side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3 is a convex surface, and has aconvex portion 311 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 313 in a vicinity of a periphery of thefirst lens element 3. The display-side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 is a convex surface, and has aconvex portion 321 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 323 in a vicinity of a periphery of thefirst lens element 3. - The
second lens element 4 has negative refracting power. The eye-side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconvex portion 411 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 414 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. The display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 is a concave surface, and has aconcave portion 422 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 424 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. - Further, in the present embodiment, only the aforesaid lens elements have refracting power, and the ocular
optical system 10 includes only the two lens elements having the refracting power. One of the eye-side surface 31 and the display-side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 and the eye-side surface 41 and the display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 is a Fresnel surface, which is a surface of a Fresnel lens. In the present embodiment, the display-side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 is theFresnel surface 33. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the first embodiment is indicated inFIG. 1 andFIG. 43 . wherein - EPD represents an exit pupil diameter of the ocular
optical system 10 corresponding to a diameter of thepupil 2 of the observer, which is approximately 3 mm during the day and approximately 7 mm at night, as depicted inFIG. 1 ; - ER (eye relief) represents an exit pupil distance, which is a distance from the
pupil 2 of the observer to thefirst lens element 3 along the optical axis I; - ω represents a half apparent field of view, which is one half the field of view of the observer, as depicted in
FIG. 1 ; - T1 represents a thickness of the
first lens element 3 along the optical axis I; - T2 represents a thickness of the
second lens element 4 along the optical axis I; - G12 represents a distance from the display-
side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 to the eye-side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 along the optical axis I, which is an air gap from thefirst lens element 3 to thesecond lens element 4 along the optical axis I; - G2D represents a distance from the display-
side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 to thedisplay screen 100 along the optical axis I, which is an air gap from thesecond lens element 4 to thedisplay screen 100 along the optical axis I; - DLD represents a diagonal length of the
display screen 100 corresponding to onesingle pupil 2 of the observer, as depicted inFIG. 1 ; - a least distance of distinct vision is the closest distance that the eye is able to clearly focus on, which is normally 250 millimeters (mm) for young people, i.e., the least distance of distinct vision VD depicted in
FIG. 1 ; - ALT represents a sum of the thicknesses of the
first lens element 3 and thesecond lens element 4 along the optical axis I, i.e., a sum of T1 and T2; - TTL represents a distance from the eye-
side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3 to thedisplay screen 100 along the optical axis I; - TL represents a distance from the eye-
side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3 to the display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 along the optical axis I; - SL represents a system length, which is a distance from the
pupil 2 of the observer to thedisplay screen 100 along the optical axis I; and - EFL represents an effective focal length of the ocular
optical system 10. - Besides, it is further defined that:
- f1 is a focal length of the
first lens element 3; - f2 is a focal length of the
second lens element 4; - n1 is a refractive index of the
first lens element 3; - n2 is a refractive index of the
second lens element 4; - v1 is an Abbe number of the
first lens element 3, and the Abbe number is also known as a dispersion coefficient; - v2 is an Abbe number of the
second lens element 4; - D1 is the diameter of the clear aperture of the eye-
side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3; and - D2 is the diameter of the clear aperture of the eye-
side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4. - Other detailed optical data in the first embodiment are indicated in
FIG. 9 . In the first embodiment, the effective focal length (EFL) (i.e. system focal length) of the ocularoptical system 10 is 40.562 mm, the half apparent field of view (ω) thereof is 44.999°, TTL thereof is 47.198 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 33.262 mm, and SL thereof is 62.198 mm. Among them, the effective radius inFIG. 9 refers to one half the diameter of the clear aperture. - Further, in the present embodiment, the eye-
side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3 and the eye-side surface 41 and the display-side surface 42 of the second lens element 4 (three surfaces in total) are the aspheric surfaces, whereas the display-side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 is theFresnel surface 33, wherein an arc surface of each tooth of the Fresnel surface 33 (i.e., a curved surface on each tooth for effectively refracting the imaging rays) is an aspheric surface, and the following aspheric coefficients of the display-side surface 32 are used to represent the arc surfaces of the teeth. The aspheric surfaces are defined by the following formula. -
- wherein
- Y: a distance from a point on an aspheric curve to the optical axis I;
- Z: a depth of the aspheric surface (a vertical distance between the point on the aspheric surface that is spaced from the optical axis I by the distance Y and a tangent plane tangent to a vertex of the aspheric surface on the optical axis I);
- R: a radius of curvature of the surface of the lens element close to the optical axis I;
- K: a conic constant;
- αi: the ith aspheric coefficient.
- The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 10 . InFIG. 10 , thereferential number 31 is one row that represents the aspheric coefficient of the eye-side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3, and the reference numbers in other rows can be deduced from the above. - Referring to
FIG. 8A toFIG. 8D ,FIG. 8A toFIG. 8D illustrate the aberrations of the ocularoptical system 10 of the first embodiment, which are the aberrations obtained based on the assumption that the reversely tracking of the ray direction is the parallel imaging rays passing through thepupil 2 and the ocularoptical system 10 in order from the eye-side and focused on thedisplay screen 100 for imaging. In the present embodiment, each aberration behavior shown in each of the aberrations can decide the corresponding aberration behavior for imaging of the imaging rays from thedisplay screen 100 on the retina of the eye of the observer. In other words, when each aberration behavior in each of the aberrations is smaller, each aberration behavior for imaging on the retina of the eye of the observer may also be smaller so the image with better imaging quality can be observed by the observer.FIG. 8A illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when a pupil radius thereof is 2 mm in the first embodiment.FIG. 8B andFIG. 8C illustrate a field curvature aberration in a sagittal direction and a field curvature aberration in a tangential direction on thedisplay screen 100 when wavelengths are 470 nm, 555 nm and 650 nm in the first embodiment.FIG. 8D illustrates a distortion aberration on thedisplay screen 100 when wavelengths are 470 nm, 555 nm and 650 nm in the first embodiment. InFIG. 8A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration in the first embodiment, the curve of each wavelength is close to one another and approaches the center position, which indicates that the off-axis ray of each wavelength at different heights is concentrated around the imaging point. The skew margin of the curve of each wavelength indicates that the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.37 mm. Hence, it is evident that the spherical aberration of the same wavelength can be significantly improved according to the present embodiment. In addition, the curves of the three representative wavelengths (red, green, and blue) are close to one another, which indicates that the imaging positions of the rays with different wavelengths are rather concentrated; therefore, the chromatic aberration can be significantly improved as well. - In
FIG. 8B andFIG. 8C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±3.5 mm, which indicates that aberration of the optical system provided in the first embodiment can be effectively eliminated. InFIG. 8D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the first embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±18%, which indicates that the distortion aberration in the first embodiment can comply with the imaging quality requirement of the optical system. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the first embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that SL is shortened to about 62.198 mm. As a result, according to the first embodiment, the length of the optical system can be shortened and the apparent field of view can be enlarged without sacrificing the favorable optical properties. In this way, the product design with miniaturization, low aberration and large apparent field of view taken into account can be realized. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the second embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 12A toFIG. 12D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the second embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 11 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the second embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 is a convex surface, and has aconvex portion 411 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 413 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 11 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the second embodiment are indicated inFIG. 13 . In the second embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 39.843 mm, ω thereof is 44.744°, TTL thereof is 46.202 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 30.894 mm, and SL thereof is 61.243 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 14 according to the second embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the second embodiment is indicated inFIG. 43 . - In
FIG. 12A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the second embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.35 mm. InFIG. 12B andFIG. 12C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±2.5 mm. InFIG. 12D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the second embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±22%. Accordingly, compared to the first embodiment, the second embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that SL is shortened to about 61.243 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the second embodiment are as follows. The system length SL in the second embodiment is shorter than the system length SL in the first embodiment; the longitudinal spherical aberration in the second embodiment is less than the longitudinal spherical aberration in the first embodiment; and the field curvature in the second embodiment is less than the field curvature in the first embodiment.
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FIG. 15 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the third embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 16A toFIG. 16D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the third embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 15 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the third embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconcave portion 412 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 413 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. Further, in the present embodiment, the display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconvex portion 421 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 424 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 15 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the third embodiment are indicated inFIG. 17 . In the third embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 31.996 mm, ω thereof is 50.209°, TTL thereof is 37.688 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 30.503 mm, and SL thereof is 45.688 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 18 according to the third embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the third embodiment is indicated inFIG. 43 . - In
FIG. 16A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the third embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.13 mm. InFIG. 16B andFIG. 16C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±0.35 mm. InFIG. 16D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the third embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±20%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the third embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 45.688 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the third embodiment are as follows. The system length SL of the ocular
optical system 10 in the third embodiment is less than the system length SL in the first embodiment; the half apparent field of view ω in the third embodiment is greater than the half apparent field of view ω in the first embodiment; the longitudinal spherical aberration in the third embodiment is less than the longitudinal spherical aberration in the first embodiment; and the field curvature in the third embodiment is less than the field curvature in the first embodiment. Besides, because a thickness difference between portions in a vicinity of the optical axis and in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element in the fourth embodiment is less than that of the first embodiment, the ocular optical system in the third embodiment is, in comparison with that provided in the first embodiment, easier to be manufactured and thus has higher yield. -
FIG. 19 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 20A toFIG. 20D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 19 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconcave portion 412 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 413 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconvex portion 421 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 424 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 19 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the fourth embodiment are indicated inFIG. 21 . In the fourth embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 33.001 mm, ω thereof is 50.030°, TTL thereof is 37.760 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 30.550 mm, and SL thereof is 45.760 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 22 according to the fourth embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the fourth embodiment is indicated inFIG. 43 . - In
FIG. 20A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the fourth embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.13 mm. InFIG. 20B andFIG. 20C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±0.55 mm. InFIG. 20D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the fourth embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±25%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the fourth embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 45.760 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the fourth embodiment are as follows. The system length SL of the ocular
optical system 10 in the fourth embodiment is less than the system length SL in the first embodiment; the half apparent field of view ω in the fourth embodiment is greater than the half apparent field of view ω in the first embodiment; the spherical aberration in the fourth embodiment is less than the spherical aberration in the first embodiment; and the field curvature in the fourth embodiment is less than the field curvature in the first embodiment. Besides, because a thickness difference between portions in a vicinity of the optical axis and in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element in the fourth embodiment is less than that of the first embodiment, the ocular optical system in the fourth embodiment is, in comparison with that provided in the first embodiment, easier to be manufactured and thus has higher yield. -
FIG. 23 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 24A toFIG. 24D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 23 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the fifth embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 is a convex surface, and has aconvex portion 411 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 413 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 23 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the fifth embodiment are indicated inFIG. 25 . In the fifth embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 50.719 mm, ω thereof is 44.002°, TTL thereof is 59.009 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 54.899 mm, and SL thereof is 75.146 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 26 according to the fifth embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the fifth embodiment is indicated inFIG. 43 . - In
FIG. 24A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the fifth embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.65 mm. InFIG. 24B andFIG. 24C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±8 mm. InFIG. 24D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the fifth embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±3.5%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the fifth embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 75.146 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the fifth embodiment are as follows. The distortion of the fifth embodiment is less than the distortion of the first embodiment. Besides, because a thickness difference between portions in a vicinity of the optical axis and in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element in the fifth embodiment is less than that of the first embodiment, the ocular optical system in the fifth embodiment is, in comparison with that provided in the first embodiment, easier to be manufactured and thus has higher yield.
-
FIG. 27 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 28A toFIG. 28D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 27 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the sixth embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconcave portion 412 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconvex portion 413 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. Further, in the present embodiment, the display-side surface 42 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconvex portion 421 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 424 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 27 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the sixth embodiment are indicated inFIG. 29 . In the sixth embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 32.106 mm, ω thereof is 44.999°, TTL thereof is 37.451 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 30.550 mm, and SL thereof is 45.451 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 30 according to the sixth embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the sixth embodiment is indicated inFIG. 44 . - In
FIG. 28A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the sixth embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.13 mm. InFIG. 28B andFIG. 28C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±0.8 mm. InFIG. 28D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the sixth embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±20%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the sixth embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 45.451 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the sixth embodiment are as follows. The system length SL in the sixth embodiment is less than the system length SL in the first embodiment; the longitudinal spherical aberration in the sixth embodiment is less than the longitudinal spherical aberration in the first embodiment; and the field curvature in the sixth embodiment is less than the field curvature in the first embodiment. Besides, because a thickness difference between portions in a vicinity of the optical axis and in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element in the sixth embodiment is less than that of the first embodiment, the ocular optical system in the sixth embodiment is, in comparison with that provided in the first embodiment, easier to be manufactured and thus has higher yield.
-
FIG. 31 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 32A toFIG. 32D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 31 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the seventh embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements FIG. 31 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the seventh embodiment are indicated inFIG. 33 . In the seventh embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 44.000 mm, ω thereof is 44.999°, TTL thereof is 60.039 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 38.440 mm, and SL thereof is 81.380 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 34 according to the seventh embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the seventh embodiment is indicated inFIG. 44 . - In
FIG. 32A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the seventh embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±7 mm. InFIG. 32B andFIG. 32C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±7 mm. InFIG. 32D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the seventh embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±16%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the seventh embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 81.380 mm. - According to the above description, compared to the first embodiment, the advantages of the seventh embodiment are as follows. The distortion aberration of the seventh embodiment is less than the distortion aberration of the first embodiment. Besides, because a thickness difference between portions in a vicinity of the optical axis and in a vicinity of a periphery of the lens element in the seventh embodiment is less than that of the first embodiment, the ocular optical system in the seventh embodiment is, in comparison with that provided in the first embodiment, easier to be manufactured and thus has higher yield.
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FIG. 35 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 36A toFIG. 36D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 35 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the eighth embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements side surface 41 of thesecond lens element 4 has aconcave portion 412 in a vicinity of the optical axis I and aconcave portion 414 in a vicinity of a periphery of thesecond lens element 4. For clear illustration, it should be mentioned that the same reference numbers of the concave portions and the convex portions in the two embodiments are omitted fromFIG. 35 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the eighth embodiment are indicated inFIG. 37 . In the eighth embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 52.179 mm, ω thereof is 44.999°, TTL thereof is 61.242 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 38.443 mm, and SL thereof is 82.054 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 38 according to the eighth embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the eighth embodiment is indicated inFIG. 44 . - In
FIG. 36A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the eighth embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±2.4 mm. InFIG. 36B andFIG. 36C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±7 mm. InFIG. 36D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the eighth embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±30%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the eighth embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 82.054 mm. -
FIG. 39 is a schematic view illustrating an ocular optical system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 40A toFIG. 40D illustrate a longitudinal spherical aberration and other aberrations of the ocular optical system according to the ninth embodiment of the invention. With reference toFIG. 39 , the ocularoptical system 10 according to the ninth embodiment of the invention is similar to that provided in the first embodiment, while the differences therebetween are as follows. The optical data, the aspheric coefficients, and the parameters of thelens elements FIG. 39 . - Detailed optical data of the ocular
optical system 10 in the ninth embodiment are indicated inFIG. 41 . In the ninth embodiment, EFL of the ocularoptical system 10 is 40.951 mm, ω thereof is 43.999°, TTL thereof is 47.042 mm, EPD thereof is 2.000 mm, 0.5 times DLD thereof is 29.763 mm, and SL thereof is 64.004 mm. - The aspheric coefficients of the eye-
side surfaces side surfaces FIG. 42 according to the ninth embodiment. - In addition, the relationship among the important parameters pertaining to the ocular
optical system 10 in the ninth embodiment is indicated inFIG. 44 . - In
FIG. 40A which illustrates the longitudinal spherical aberration when the pupil radius is 2.0000 mm according to the ninth embodiment, the imaging point deviation of the off-axis ray at different heights is controlled within a range of ±0.4 mm. InFIG. 40B andFIG. 40C which illustrate two diagrams of field curvature aberrations, the focal length variation of the three representative wavelengths within the entire field of view falls within the range of ±3.5 mm. InFIG. 40D , the diagram of distortion aberration shows that the distortion aberration in the ninth embodiment can be maintained within the range of ±25%. Accordingly, compared to the existing ocular optical system, the ocular optical system provided in the ninth embodiment can have the favorable imaging quality, given that the system length SL is shortened to about 64.004 mm. -
FIG. 43 andFIG. 44 are table diagrams showing the optical parameters provided in the foregoing nine embodiments. If the relationship among the optical parameters in the ocularoptical system 10 provided in the embodiments of the invention satisfies at least one of the following conditions, the design of the ocular optical system with favorable optical performance and the reduced length in whole becomes technical feasible: - 1. If the system can satisfy the following condition, the aberrations of the
first lens element 3 can be corrected by thesecond lens element 4 without overly affecting the focal length and an image magnifying power of the system: 1.5≤|f2/f1|. If the following condition can be further satisfied, the refracting power of thesecond lens element 4 can be prevented from insufficient for correcting the aberrations of the first lens element 3: 1.5≤|f2/f1|≤8. - 2. Because 250 mm is the least distance of distinct vision of young people (the closest distance that the eye of young people is able to clearly focus on), the magnifying power of the system can approach a ratio of 250 mm and EFL. Therefore, if the following condition can be satisfied, the magnifying power of the system is unlikely to be so large that can increase the thickness and manufacturing difficulty of the lens element: 250 mm/EFL≤10. If the following condition can be further satisfied, EFL is unlikely to be so long that can affect the system length: 3.5≤250 mm/EFL≤10.
- 3. If the following condition can be satisfied, the observer is unlikely to experience the narrow vision: 40°≤ω. If the following condition can be further satisfied, a designing difficulty is not increased: 40°≤ω≤60°.
- 4. If the system can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: 2.5≤T1/T2, 9≤T1/G12, 2≤T2/G12, 2≤G2D/T1, 20≤G2D/G12, G2D/T2≤16, 2.2≤G2D/ALT and SL/T1≤7.6 (more preferably, at least one of the following conditions is to be satisfied: 2.5≤T1/T2≤6, 9≤T1/G12≤20, 2≤T2/G12≤4, 2≤G2D/T1≤5, 20≤G2D/G12≤62, 5≤G2D/T2≤16, 2.2≤G2D/ALT≤6 and 1.9≤SL/T1≤7.6), the thickness and interval of each lens element can be maintained at an appropriate value, so as to prevent the slimness of the ocular
optical system 10 in whole from being affected by any overly large parameter, or prevent the assembly from being affected or the manufacturing difficulty from increased by the any overly small parameter. - 5. If the system can satisfy at least one of the following conditions: 2≤G2D/ER, ER/T1≤5.5, ER/T2≤8, ER/G12≤20, 1.5≤(0.5×DLD)/ER and 2≤EFL/ER (more preferably, at least one of the following conditions is to be satisfied: 2≤G2D/ER≤5.5, 1≤ER/T1≤5.5, 3≤ER/T2≤8, 9≤ER/G12≤20, 1.5≤(0.5×DLD)/ER≤4.6 and 2≤EFL/ER≤6), the exit pupil distance and the optical parameters of the lens elements can be maintained at an appropriate value, so as to prevent the slimness of the ocular
optical system 10 in whole from being affected by any overly large parameter, or prevent the assembly from being affected or the manufacturing difficulty from increased by the any overly small parameter. - 6. If the system can satisfy the following conditions, the narrow vision due to the half apparent field of view being too small can be prevented by restricting the relationship of the focal length and the size of the display screen: EFL/(0.5×DLD)≤1.4. If the following condition can be further satisfied, the half apparent field of view is unlikely to be so large that can increase the designing difficulty: 0.3≤EFL/(0.5×DLD)≤1.4.
- 7. If the system can satisfy the condition of 1≤DLD/D2, by restricting the relationship of the size of the
display screen 100 and the size of thesecond lens element 4, the system magnification is unlikely to be so large that can increase the thickness and the manufacturing difficulty of the lens element. More preferably, 1≤DLD/D2≤2.2. - However, due to the unpredictability of the design of an optical system, with the framework set forth in the embodiments of the invention, the ocular optical system satisfying said conditions can be characterized by the reduced system length, the enlarged available aperture, the increased apparent field of view, the improved imaging quality, or the improved assembly yield, such that the shortcomings described in the related art can be better prevented.
- To sum up, the ocular
optical system 10 described in the embodiments of the invention may have at least one of the following advantages and/or achieve at least one of the following effects. - 1. The longitudinal spherical aberrations, field curvature aberrations, and distortion aberrations provided in the embodiments of the invention all comply with usage specifications. Moreover, the off-axis rays with different heights and the three representative wavelengths (470 nm, 555 nm, and 650 nm), or the three representative wavelengths (430 nm, 530 nm, and 620 nm) are all gathered around imaging points, and according to a deviation range of each curve, it can be observed that deviations of the imaging points of the off-axis rays with different heights are all controlled and thus capable of suppressing spherical aberrations, image aberrations, and distortion. With reference to the imaging quality data, distances among the three representative wavelengths (470 nm, 555 nm, and 650 nm), or the three representative wavelengths (430 nm, 530 nm, and 620 nm) are fairly close, which indicates that rays with different wavelengths in the embodiments of the invention can be well concentrated under different circumstances to provide the capability of suppressing dispersion. As such, it can be known from the above that, the embodiments of the invention can provide favorable optical properties.
- 2. The eye-
side surface 31 of thefirst lens element 3 provided herein is characterized by having theconvex portion 311 in a vicinity of the optical axis I, which is conducive to concentration of rays. The display-side surface 32 of thefirst lens element 3 is characterized by theFresnel surface 33, which is conducive to the reduction in the thickness of thefirst lens element 3. Thesecond lens element 4 is characterized by having negative refracting power, which is conducive to the correction of image aberration generated by thefirst lens element 3. - 3. In addition, system limitations may be further added by using any combination relation of the parameters selected from the provided embodiments to implement the system design with the same framework set forth in the embodiments of the invention. In view of the unpredictability of the design of an optical system, with the framework set forth in the embodiments of the invention, the ocular optical system satisfying said conditions can be characterized by the reduced system length, the enlarged exit pupil diameter, the improved imaging quality, or the improved assembly yield, such that the shortcomings described in the related art can be better prevented.
- 4. The aforementioned limitation relations are provided in an exemplary sense and can be randomly and selectively combined and applied to the embodiments of the invention in different manners; the invention should not be limited to the above examples. In implementation of the invention, apart from the above-described relations, it is also possible to add additional detailed structure such as more concave and convex curvatures arrangement of a specific lens element or a plurality of lens elements so as to enhance control of system property and/or resolution. For example, it is optional to form an additional convex portion in the vicinity of the optical axis on the eye-side surface of the first lens element. It should be noted that the above-described details can be optionally combined and applied to the other embodiments of the invention under the condition where they are not in conflict with one another.
- It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (14)
1. An ocular optical system, for imaging of imaging rays entering an eye of an observer via the ocular optical system from a display screen, a side facing towards the eye being an eye-side, a side facing towards the display screen being a display-side, the ocular optical system comprising a first lens element and a second lens element from the eye-side to the display-side in order along an optical axis, the first lens element and the second lens element each comprising an eye-side surface and a display-side surface;
the eye-side surface of the first lens element having a convex portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the first lens element;
the eye-side surface of the second lens element having a convex portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the second lens element; and
lens elements having refracting power of the ocular optical system are only the first lens element and the second lens element;
wherein DLD is a diagonal length of the display screen corresponding to one single pupil of the observer, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, ER is a distance from a pupil of the eye of the observer to the first lens element along the optical axis, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
2.652≤((0.5×DLD)+T1)/(ER+G12)≤4.517.
2.652≤((0.5×DLD)+T1)/(ER+G12)≤4.517.
2. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the equation:
15.240≤(T1+G12+(0.5×DLD))/T2≤27.840.
15.240≤(T1+G12+(0.5×DLD))/T2≤27.840.
3. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element and the second lens element along the optical axis, D2 is a diameter of a clear aperture of the eye-side surface of the second lens element, ω is one half the field of view of the observer, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equations:
0. 828 mm/°≤(ALT+D2)/ω<1.572 mm/°.
0. 828 mm/°≤(ALT+D2)/ω<1.572 mm/°.
4. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein SL is a distance from a pupil of the eye of the observer to the display screen along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
5.253≤((0.5×DLD)+SL)/(ER+T2)≤7.631.
5.253≤((0.5×DLD)+SL)/(ER+T2)≤7.631.
5. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein D1 is a diameter of a clear aperture of the eye-side surface of the first lens element, ω is one half the field of view of the observer, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
0.763 mm/°≤(D1+T1)ω≤1.539 mm/°.
0.763 mm/°≤(D1+T1)ω≤1.539 mm/°.
6. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein G2D is a distance from the second lens element to the display screen along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equations:
1.865≤(G12+G2D)/(ER+T2)≤2.970.
1.865≤(G12+G2D)/(ER+T2)≤2.970.
7. The ocular optical system according to claim 1 , wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the ocular optical system, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
2.271≤EFL/(ER−FT2)≤3.300.
2.271≤EFL/(ER−FT2)≤3.300.
8. An ocular optical system, for imaging of imaging rays entering an eye of an observer via the ocular optical system from a display screen, a side facing towards the eye being an eye-side, a side facing towards the display screen being a display-side, the ocular optical system comprising a first lens element and a second lens element from the eye-side to the display-side in order along an optical axis, the first lens element and the second lens element each comprising an eye-side surface and a display-side surface;
the eye-side surface of the first lens element having a convex portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the first lens element;
the eye-side surface of the second lens element having a convex portion in a vicinity of a periphery of the second lens element; and
lens elements having refracting power of the ocular optical system are only the first lens element and the second lens element;
wherein DLD is a diagonal length of the display screen corresponding to one single pupil of the observer, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, ER is a distance from a pupil of the eye of the observer to the first lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
2.785≤((0.5×DLD)+T1)/ER≤4.800.
2.785≤((0.5×DLD)+T1)/ER≤4.800.
9. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the equation:
15.240≤(T1+G12+(0.5×DLD))/T2≤27.840.
15.240≤(T1+G12+(0.5×DLD))/T2≤27.840.
10. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element and the second lens element along the optical axis, D2 is a diameter of a clear aperture of the eye-side surface of the second lens element, ω is one half the field of view of the observer, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equations:
0.828 mm/°≤(ALT+D2)/ω≤1.572 mm/°.
0.828 mm/°≤(ALT+D2)/ω≤1.572 mm/°.
11. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein SL is a distance from a pupil of the eye of the observer to the display screen along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
5.253≤((0.5×DLD)+SL)/(ER+T2)≤7.631.
5.253≤((0.5×DLD)+SL)/(ER+T2)≤7.631.
12. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein D1 is a diameter of a clear aperture of the eye-side surface of the first lens element, ω is one half the field of view of the observer, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
0.763 mm/°≤(D1+T1)/ω≤1.539 mm/°.
0.763 mm/°≤(D1+T1)/ω≤1.539 mm/°.
13. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, G2D is a distance from the second lens element to the display screen along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equations:
1.865≤(G12+G2D)/(ER+T2)≥2.970.
1.865≤(G12+G2D)/(ER+T2)≥2.970.
14. The ocular optical system according to claim 8 , wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the ocular optical system, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and the ocular optical system satisfies the equation:
2.271≤EFL/(ER−FT2)≤3.300.
2.271≤EFL/(ER−FT2)≤3.300.
Priority Applications (2)
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US16/383,689 US20190258047A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2019-04-15 | Ocular optical system |
US17/347,612 US20210373318A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2021-06-15 | Ocular optical system |
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CN201610862363.5 | 2016-09-29 | ||
CN201610862363.5A CN106526852B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Eyepiece optical system |
US15/348,904 US10317668B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-11-10 | Ocular optical system |
US16/383,689 US20190258047A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2019-04-15 | Ocular optical system |
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US15/348,904 Continuation US10317668B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-11-10 | Ocular optical system |
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US20210373318A1 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2021-12-02 | Genius Electronic Optical Co., Ltd. | Ocular optical system |
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CN107608079A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-19 | 歌尔科技有限公司 | Wear display device |
CN107632388B (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2024-04-02 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | Eyepiece and head-mounted display device |
CN110376735B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2021-10-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | VR lens structure and display system |
TWI708973B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-11-01 | 玉晶光電股份有限公司 | Ocular optical system |
CN114942518A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2022-08-26 | 玉晶光电股份有限公司 | Eyepiece optical system |
WO2021102685A1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 深圳纳德光学有限公司 | Large-field-of-view high-image-quality eyepiece optical system and device |
US20230032859A1 (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2023-02-02 | National University Corporation Tokyo University Of Agriculture And Technology | Head-mounted display and virtual image forming lens to be used for the head-mounted display |
TWI766658B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-06-01 | 大立光電股份有限公司 | Optical lens system and time of flight sensing module |
CN116507958A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-07-28 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Optical system and VR display device |
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KR101362873B1 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-02-17 | 주식회사 세코닉스 | Lens system for head mounted display |
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CN106526852B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-05-03 | 玉晶光电(厦门)有限公司 | Eyepiece optical system |
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- 2016-10-26 TW TW105134484A patent/TWI594015B/en active
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US20210373318A1 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2021-12-02 | Genius Electronic Optical Co., Ltd. | Ocular optical system |
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US10317668B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
TW201723580A (en) | 2017-07-01 |
TWI594015B (en) | 2017-08-01 |
CN106526852A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
US20210373318A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
US20180088313A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
CN106526852B (en) | 2019-05-03 |
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