US20170241108A1 - Ground Engaging Machine - Google Patents
Ground Engaging Machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170241108A1 US20170241108A1 US15/048,484 US201615048484A US2017241108A1 US 20170241108 A1 US20170241108 A1 US 20170241108A1 US 201615048484 A US201615048484 A US 201615048484A US 2017241108 A1 US2017241108 A1 US 2017241108A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- wear
- integral
- insert
- ground engaging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- NMQPIBPZSLMCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CC(N)=O)C=C1 NMQPIBPZSLMCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B15/00—Elements, tools, or details of ploughs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B23/00—Elements, tools, or details of harrows
- A01B23/02—Teeth; Fixing the teeth
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/308—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working outwardly
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/285—Teeth characterised by the material used
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2858—Teeth characterised by shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2883—Wear elements for buckets or implements in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
- E21C35/1831—Fixing methods or devices
Definitions
- This disclosure generally relates to a ground engaging machine and, more particularly, to a ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine.
- Ground engaging machines such as hydraulic mining shovels, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders and wheel loaders, are used in a variety of industries including, but not limited to, construction, agriculture and mining.
- these machines include a frame, a power source supported by a frame, one or more motive devices operatively associated with the power source configured to transfer energy of the power source to ground and a work implement.
- the work implement may be a bucket configured to hold and carry a material the ground engaging machine is working on.
- the material the ground engaging machine is working on may come in a variety of levels of hardness, compactness and abrasiveness.
- the ground engaging machine may work on relatively soft, non-compacted and slightly abrasive, loamy soil or loose sand.
- the ground engaging machine may be called to work on hard, compacted and highly abrasive, tar, sand or concrete.
- the ground engaging machine may utilize a ground engaging tooth (“GET”) positioned along an engagement edge of the work implement to penetrate the material worked on, thereby increasing productivity and decreasing damage to the work implement.
- GET ground engaging tooth
- Kuwano discloses a composite excavating tooth. More specifically, Kuwano discloses a tooth having a wear-resistant material centrally placed between top and bottom surfaces of the tooth. While Kuwano is arguably an effective and durable design, it may suffer from premature wear since the wear-resistant material is placed between the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth, rather than on a ground engaging surface.
- the present disclosure is directed to overcoming one or more problems set forth above and/or other problems associated with the prior art.
- a ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine may comprise a non-ground-engaging end, a ground-engaging end opposite the non-ground-engaging end and a body.
- the body may extend between the non-ground-engaging end, the ground engaging end, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface.
- the ground engaging tooth may comprise a longitudinal axis that may extend lengthwise through the body.
- the ground engaging tooth may comprise a separation plane. The separation plane may extend through the body orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and may be positioned between the non-ground-engaging end and the ground engaging end.
- the ground engaging tooth may include a coupling side that may extend between the non-ground engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface and may include a pocket configured to receive a retaining device.
- the ground engaging tooth may comprise a wear side that may extend between the ground-engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface.
- the wear side may include an integral-wear-insert that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
- a bucket for a ground engaging machine may comprise a first member and the first member may include a through-bore about which the bucket may rotate. Further, the bucket may comprise a casing. The casing may extend away from the first member and end at a top edge, a left edge, a right edge and an engagement edge. The casing may be configured to carry a material being worked on. Moreover, the bucket may include a ground engaging tooth. The ground engaging tooth may be fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge and may be configured to engage the material being worked on.
- the ground engaging tooth may include a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface. Further, the wear side may include an integral-wear-insert that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and may vertically extend towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
- a ground engaging machine may include a frame, a power source supported by the frame and a motive device operatively associated with the power source configured to transfer energy of the power source to ground. Further, the ground engaging machine may include an arm having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the first end may be rotatably associated with the frame. Moreover, the ground engaging machine may include a bucket operatively coupled to the second end and the bucket may include an engagement edge. Additionally, the ground engaging machine may include a ground engaging tooth fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge. The ground engaging tooth may be configured to engage the material worked on.
- the ground engaging tooth may include a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface and the wear side may include a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert that longitudinally extends along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
- the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert may have a WearFactor between about 1.5 and about 2.5.
- FIG. 1 is side perspective view of a ground engaging machine constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a bucket that may be utilized with the ground engaging machine of FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket of FIG. 2 and ground engaging machine of FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the ground engaging tooth of FIG. 3 along line 3 - 3 of FIG. 3 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a bottom elevation view of the tooth of FIG. 3 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is side perspective view of another example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket of FIG. 2 and ground engaging machine of FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the ground engaging tooth of FIG. 6 along line 7 - 7 of FIG. 6 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a bottom perspective view of the tooth of FIG. 6 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a profile view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket of FIG. 2 and ground engaging machine of FIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure after mining oil sand overburden for an extended time period.
- FIG. 10 is a profile view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket of FIG. 2 and ground engaging machine of FIG. 1 that is not constructed in accordance with the present disclosure after mining oil sand overburden on the same ground engaging machine as the ground engaging tooth in FIG. 9 as well as for the same amount of time as the ground engaging tooth in FIG. 9 .
- the ground engaging machine 20 may include a frame 22 and a power source 24 supported by the frame 22 .
- the power source 24 may be provided in any number of different forms including, but not limited to, Otto and Diesel cycle internal combustion engines, electric motors, and the like.
- the ground engaging machine may include a motive device 26 operatively associated with the power source 24 configured to transfer energy of the power source 24 to ground. While the motive device 26 depicted is an endless track associated with a track-type machine, the motive device 26 may take other forms, such as a wheel.
- the ground engaging machine 20 may include an arm 28 .
- the arm 28 may include a first end 30 and a second end 32 opposite the first end 30 .
- the first end 30 may be rotatably associated with the frame 22 .
- the arm 28 may be articulated. Therefore, the arm 28 may comprise a full range of movement wherein the second end 32 of the arm 28 may extend fully away from the first end 30 .
- the second end 32 of the arm 28 may comprise a full range of movement wherein the second end 32 of the arm 28 may move towards the frame 22 of the ground engaging machine 20 near to the first end 30 of the arm 28 .
- the ground engaging machine 20 may additionally include a bucket 34 .
- the bucket 34 may be operatively coupled to the second end 32 of the arm 28 .
- bucket 34 may include a first member 36 having a through-bore 38 through which a pin may be used to attach the bucket 34 to the second end 32 of the arm 28 .
- the through-bore 38 may define an axis-of-rotation 40 about which the bucket 34 may rotate.
- the bucket may include a casing 42 extending away from the first member 36 and ending at a top edge 44 , a left edge 46 , a right edge 48 and an engagement edge 50 .
- the casing 42 may be configured to carry a material be worked on by the ground engaging machine 20 .
- the bucket 34 of the ground engaging machine 20 may include a ground engaging tooth 52 .
- the ground engaging tooth 52 may be fixedly attached to the bucket 34 along the engagement edge 50 .
- the ground engaging tooth 52 may be configured to engage a material to be worked on by the ground engaging machine 20 .
- the ground engaging machine 20 depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a hydraulic mining shovel, the present disclosure is not limited only to hydraulic mining shovels. The present disclosure also finds application with other ground engaging machines 20 such as, but not limited to, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders and the like.
- the ground engaging tooth 52 may include a non-ground-engaging end 54 and a ground-engaging end 56 opposite the non-ground-engaging end 54 .
- the ground engaging tooth 52 may include a body 58 extending between the non-ground-engaging end 54 , the ground-engaging end 56 , a top surface 60 , a bottom surface 62 , a left surface 64 and a right surface 66 .
- this example of the ground engaging tooth 52 may include a longitudinal axis 68 extending lengthwise through the body 58 .
- the ground engaging tooth 52 may additionally include a separation plane 70 that extends through the body 58 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 68 and this separation plane 70 may be positioned between the non-ground-engaging end 54 and the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the separation plane 70 may define a plane that delineates a coupling side 72 of the ground engaging tooth 52 from a wear side 74 of the ground engaging tooth 52 .
- the coupling side 72 may extend between the non-ground-engaging end 54 , the separation plane 70 , the top surface 60 , the bottom surface 62 , the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 .
- the coupling side 72 may include a pocket 76 that is configured to receive retaining device 78 (shown in phantom in FIG. 3 ) and the retaining device 78 may be configured to fixedly attach the ground engaging tooth 52 along the engagement edge 50 of the bucket 34 .
- the wear side 74 may be the side of the ground engaging tooth 52 configured to engage the material being worked on by the ground engaging machine 20 .
- the wear side 74 may extend between the separation plane 70 , the ground-engaging end 56 , the top surface 60 , the bottom surface 62 , the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 .
- the wear side 74 may include an integral-wear-insert 80 and the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards the top surface 60 of the wear side 74 .
- FIG. 5 a bottom elevation view of the ground engaging tooth 52 according to FIG. 3 is depicted.
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 at the ground-engaging end 56 . Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 moving towards the separation plane 70 along the bottom surface 62 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may include a longitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engaging end 56 and a vertical thickness 84 along the bottom surface 62 . Further, the vertical thickness 84 of the integral-wear-insert 80 may increase as the integral-wear-insert 80 extends away from the ground-engaging end 56 and towards the separation plane 70 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 depicted in FIGS. 3-5 may comprise a first material 86 while the remaining body 58 may be a second material 88 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may be, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide or porous aluminum oxide infiltrated with white iron or tungsten carbide.
- the first material 86 may be selected from a group consisting of, but not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide.
- the second material 88 comprising the remaining body 58 may be, for example, cast steel or other material.
- the first material 86 may comprise an abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88 .
- the integral-wear-insert comprises between about 5% by volume and about 15% by volume of the wear side 74 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may be a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 .
- the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed inside of mold formed in the shape of the ground engaging tooth 52 .
- the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed at the ground-engaging end 56 of the wear side 74 of the mold.
- liquid phase second material 88 may be poured into the mold where the heat of the liquid phase second material 88 may remelt or dissolve a limited amount of the solid phase first material 86 , when the first material is white iron or tungsten carbide, forming a continuous cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 and towards the top surface 60 of the wear side 74 at the ground-engaging end 56 .
- cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 at the ground-engaging end 56 and between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 moving towards the separation plane 70 along the bottom surface 62 .
- this ground engaging tooth 52 may also include a non-ground engaging end 54 and a ground-engaging end 56 opposite the non-ground-engaging end 54 . Further, this ground engaging tooth 52 may include a body 58 extending between the non-ground-engaging end 54 , the ground-engaging end 56 , a top surface 60 , a bottom surface 62 , a left surface 64 and a right surface 66 . Further, this example of the ground engaging tooth 52 may include a longitudinal axis 68 extending lengthwise through the body 58 . However, as seen in this drawing, this ground engaging tooth 52 may include a first tooth 92 and a second tooth 94 disposed parallel to the first tooth 92 at the ground-engaging end 56 .
- this ground engaging tooth 52 may additionally include a separation plane 70 that extends through the body 58 orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 68 and this separation plane 70 may be positioned between the non-ground-engaging end 54 and the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the separation plane 70 may define a plane that delineates a coupling side 72 of the ground engaging tooth 52 from a wear side 74 of the ground engaging tooth 52 .
- the coupling side 72 of this example of the ground engaging tooth 52 may extend between the non-ground-engaging 54 , the separation plane 70 , the top surface 60 , the bottom surface 62 , the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 .
- the coupling side 72 may also include a pocket 76 that is configured to receive retaining device 78 (shown in phantom in FIG. 3 ) and the retaining device 78 may be configured to fixedly attach the ground engaging tooth 52 along the engagement edge 50 of the bucket 34 .
- the wear side 74 may be the side of the ground engaging tooth 52 configured to engage the material being worked on by the ground engaging machine 20 .
- the wear side 74 of this example of the ground engaging tooth 52 may extend between the separation plane 70 , the ground-engaging end 56 , the top surface 60 , the bottom surface 62 , the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 .
- the wear side 74 may include an integral-wear-insert 80 associated with the first tooth 92 and the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards the top surface 60 of the first tooth 92 .
- the wear side 74 of this ground engaging tooth may additionally include a second-integral-wear-insert 96 associated with the second tooth 94 .
- the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may vertically extend towards the top surface 60 of the second tooth 94 .
- FIG. 8 a bottom perspective view of the ground engaging tooth 52 according to FIG. 6 is depicted.
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between the left surface 64 and a first inner surface 98 at the ground-engaging end 56 . Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 moving towards the separation plane 70 along the bottom surface 62 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may include a longitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engaging end 56 and a vertical thickness 84 along the bottom surface 62 . Further, the vertical thickness 84 of the integral-wear-insert 80 may increase as the integral-wear-insert 80 extends away from the ground-engaging end 56 and towards the separation plane 70 .
- the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may extend between the right surface 66 and a second inner surface 100 at the ground-engaging end 56 . Further, the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 moving towards the separation plane 70 along the bottom surface 62 .
- the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may also include a longitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engaging end 56 and a vertical thickness 84 along the bottom surface 62 . Further, as seen therein, the vertical thickness 84 of the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may increase as the second-integral-wear-insert 96 extends away from the ground-engaging end 56 and towards the separation plane 70 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 and second-integral-wear-insert 96 depicted in FIGS. 6-8 may comprise a first material 86 while the remaining body 58 may be a second material 88 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may be, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide or porous aluminum oxide infiltrated with white iron or tungsten carbide.
- the first material 86 may be selected from a group consisting of, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide.
- the second material 88 comprising the remaining body 58 may be, for example, cast steel or other material.
- the first material 86 may comprise a abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88 .
- both of the integral-wear-insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 combined comprise between about 5% by volume and about 15% by volume of the wear side 74 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may be a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 .
- the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed inside of mold formed in the shape of the ground engaging tooth 52 .
- the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed at the ground-engaging end 56 of the wear side 74 of the mold.
- liquid phase second material 88 may be poured into the mold where the heat of the liquid phase second material 88 may remelt or dissolve a very limited amount of the solid phase first material 86 , when the first material is white iron or tungsten carbide, forming a continuous cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 and towards the top surface 60 of the wear side 74 at the ground-engaging end 56 .
- cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 may extend between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 at the ground-engaging end 56 and between the left surface 64 and the right surface 66 moving towards the separation plane 70 along the bottom surface 62 .
- ground engaging machines 20 with which this disclosure finds usefulness include, but are not limited to, hydraulic mining shovels, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders and the like. While being useful to any of the machines and industries described above, this disclosure may find particular usefulness with ground engaging machines 20 having a bucket 34 with a ground engaging tooth 52 fixedly attached along the engagement edge 50 of the bucket 34 .
- this disclosure may find usefulness when the ground engaging tooth 52 is used in abrasive environments such as, but not limited to, mining coal, oil sands and other abrasive materials. More particularly, the present disclosure finds usefulness by extending the wear life and improving wear shape of a ground engaging tooth 52 utilized on a bucket 34 of a ground engaging machine 20 used to mine abrasive materials such as, but not limited to, coal, oil sands and other abrasive materials.
- the present disclosure may employ a ground engaging tooth 52 depicted in either FIG. 3-5 or 6-8 that includes an integral-wear-insert 80 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may be positioned on the wear side 74 of the ground engaging tooth 52 and may be made of a first material 86 having abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88 from which the remaining body 58 of the ground engaging tooth 52 is constructed. Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface 62 of the wear side 74 towards the ground-engaging end 56 of the ground engaging tooth 52 . Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards the top surface 60 of the ground engaging tooth 52 at the ground-engaging end 56 .
- the integral-wear-insert 80 may include a vertical thickness 84 , and the vertical thickness 84 may increase as the integral-wear-insert moves away from the ground-engaging end 56 .
- This structure leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a Wear Factor of between about 1.5 and about 2.5, a level heretofore unseen with a ground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 as disclosed herein. More specifically, this structure leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a Wear Factor of at least 1.72, a level heretofore unseen with a ground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein.
- the Wear Factor may be described by the formula:
- the integral-wear-insert leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a heretofore unseen Pitch Factor ranging between about ⁇ 1.0 and ⁇ 4.0. More specifically, this structure leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a ⁇ 2.45 Pitch Factor, a level heretofore unseen with a ground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein.
- the Pitch Factor may be described by the formula:
- the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a heretofore unseen Sharpness Factor ranging between about 1.0 and 3.0. More specifically, this structure leads to a ground engaging tooth 52 having a Sharpness Factor of about 2.03, a level heretofore unseen with a ground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein.
- the Sharpness Factor may be described by the formula:
- FIG. 9 is a profile view of a ground engaging tooth utilizing the integral wear insert described herein after placement on a bucket of a ground engaging machine used to mine oil sand overburden for about 725 hours in order to complete the tests necessary to determine the Wear Factor, the Pitch Factor and the Sharpness Factor.
- FIG. 10 is a profile view of a prior art ground engaging tooth that does not utilize the integral wear insert described herein placed on the same bucket of the same ground engaging machine to mine the same oil sand overburden for about 725 hours in order to complete the tests necessary to determine the Wear Factor, the Pitch Factor and the Sharpness Factor.
- the ground engaging tooth of FIG. 9 in longer in length than ground engaging tooth of FIG. 10 thereby leading to the heretofore unseen Wear Factor.
- the ground engaging tooth in FIG. 9 has a downward pitch (a) after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, while the ground engaging tooth in FIG. 10 lacks any pitch after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours thereby leading to the heretofore unseen Pitch Factor.
- the pitch (a) in FIG. 10 has gone to zero, opposite the starting downward pitch (a), and therefore is not depicted.
Abstract
A ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine is disclosed. The ground engaging tooth may comprise a non-ground-engaging end, a ground-engaging end, a body extending between the non-ground-engaging end, the ground-engaging end, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface. Further, the ground engaging tooth may comprise a coupling side including a pocket configured to receive a retaining device. Moreover, the ground engaging tooth may comprise a wear side including an integral-wear-insert. The integral-wear-insert may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extend towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
Description
- This disclosure generally relates to a ground engaging machine and, more particularly, to a ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine.
- Ground engaging machines, such as hydraulic mining shovels, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders and wheel loaders, are used in a variety of industries including, but not limited to, construction, agriculture and mining. Generally speaking, these machines include a frame, a power source supported by a frame, one or more motive devices operatively associated with the power source configured to transfer energy of the power source to ground and a work implement. In many instances the work implement may be a bucket configured to hold and carry a material the ground engaging machine is working on.
- The material the ground engaging machine is working on may come in a variety of levels of hardness, compactness and abrasiveness. For example, the ground engaging machine may work on relatively soft, non-compacted and slightly abrasive, loamy soil or loose sand. Alternatively, and near the other end of the spectrum, the ground engaging machine may be called to work on hard, compacted and highly abrasive, tar, sand or concrete. In any event, as the level of hardness, compactness and abrasiveness increases, the ground engaging machine may utilize a ground engaging tooth (“GET”) positioned along an engagement edge of the work implement to penetrate the material worked on, thereby increasing productivity and decreasing damage to the work implement.
- Although GETs are known, there is still room for improvement. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,774 (“Kuwano”) discloses a composite excavating tooth. More specifically, Kuwano discloses a tooth having a wear-resistant material centrally placed between top and bottom surfaces of the tooth. While Kuwano is arguably an effective and durable design, it may suffer from premature wear since the wear-resistant material is placed between the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth, rather than on a ground engaging surface.
- The present disclosure is directed to overcoming one or more problems set forth above and/or other problems associated with the prior art.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine is disclosed. The ground engaging tooth may comprise a non-ground-engaging end, a ground-engaging end opposite the non-ground-engaging end and a body. The body may extend between the non-ground-engaging end, the ground engaging end, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface. Further, the ground engaging tooth may comprise a longitudinal axis that may extend lengthwise through the body. Moreover, the ground engaging tooth may comprise a separation plane. The separation plane may extend through the body orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and may be positioned between the non-ground-engaging end and the ground engaging end. Additionally, the ground engaging tooth may include a coupling side that may extend between the non-ground engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface and may include a pocket configured to receive a retaining device. Further, the ground engaging tooth may comprise a wear side that may extend between the ground-engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface. The wear side may include an integral-wear-insert that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
- In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a bucket for a ground engaging machine is disclosed. The bucket may comprise a first member and the first member may include a through-bore about which the bucket may rotate. Further, the bucket may comprise a casing. The casing may extend away from the first member and end at a top edge, a left edge, a right edge and an engagement edge. The casing may be configured to carry a material being worked on. Moreover, the bucket may include a ground engaging tooth. The ground engaging tooth may be fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge and may be configured to engage the material being worked on. The ground engaging tooth may include a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface. Further, the wear side may include an integral-wear-insert that may longitudinally extend along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and may vertically extend towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a ground engaging machine is disclosed. The ground engaging machine may include a frame, a power source supported by the frame and a motive device operatively associated with the power source configured to transfer energy of the power source to ground. Further, the ground engaging machine may include an arm having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the first end may be rotatably associated with the frame. Moreover, the ground engaging machine may include a bucket operatively coupled to the second end and the bucket may include an engagement edge. Additionally, the ground engaging machine may include a ground engaging tooth fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge. The ground engaging tooth may be configured to engage the material worked on. Moreover, the ground engaging tooth may include a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface and the wear side may include a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert that longitudinally extends along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end. The cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert may have a WearFactor between about 1.5 and about 2.5.
- These and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will be more readily understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is side perspective view of a ground engaging machine constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a bucket that may be utilized with the ground engaging machine ofFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket ofFIG. 2 and ground engaging machine ofFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the ground engaging tooth ofFIG. 3 along line 3-3 ofFIG. 3 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 5 is a bottom elevation view of the tooth ofFIG. 3 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 6 is side perspective view of another example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket ofFIG. 2 and ground engaging machine ofFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the ground engaging tooth ofFIG. 6 along line 7-7 ofFIG. 6 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 8 is a bottom perspective view of the tooth ofFIG. 6 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 9 is a profile view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket ofFIG. 2 and ground engaging machine ofFIG. 1 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure after mining oil sand overburden for an extended time period. -
FIG. 10 is a profile view of one example of a ground engaging tooth that may be utilized with the bucket ofFIG. 2 and ground engaging machine ofFIG. 1 that is not constructed in accordance with the present disclosure after mining oil sand overburden on the same ground engaging machine as the ground engaging tooth inFIG. 9 as well as for the same amount of time as the ground engaging tooth inFIG. 9 . - Various aspects of the disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements, unless specified otherwise. Referring now to the drawings and with specific reference to
FIG. 1 , a ground engaging machine constructed in accordance with the present disclosure is shown and generally referred to by thereference numeral 20. The groundengaging machine 20 may include aframe 22 and apower source 24 supported by theframe 22. Thepower source 24 may be provided in any number of different forms including, but not limited to, Otto and Diesel cycle internal combustion engines, electric motors, and the like. Further, the ground engaging machine may include amotive device 26 operatively associated with thepower source 24 configured to transfer energy of thepower source 24 to ground. While themotive device 26 depicted is an endless track associated with a track-type machine, themotive device 26 may take other forms, such as a wheel. - Further, the ground
engaging machine 20 may include anarm 28. Thearm 28 may include afirst end 30 and asecond end 32 opposite thefirst end 30. Thefirst end 30 may be rotatably associated with theframe 22. Further, as pictured, thearm 28 may be articulated. Therefore, thearm 28 may comprise a full range of movement wherein thesecond end 32 of thearm 28 may extend fully away from thefirst end 30. Alternatively, thesecond end 32 of thearm 28 may comprise a full range of movement wherein thesecond end 32 of thearm 28 may move towards theframe 22 of theground engaging machine 20 near to thefirst end 30 of thearm 28. - The
ground engaging machine 20 may additionally include abucket 34. Thebucket 34 may be operatively coupled to thesecond end 32 of thearm 28. For example, while referring toFIGS. 1 and 2 , it may be seen thatbucket 34 may include afirst member 36 having a through-bore 38 through which a pin may be used to attach thebucket 34 to thesecond end 32 of thearm 28. Further, as seen inFIG. 2 , the through-bore 38 may define an axis-of-rotation 40 about which thebucket 34 may rotate. Moreover, the bucket may include acasing 42 extending away from thefirst member 36 and ending at atop edge 44, aleft edge 46, aright edge 48 and anengagement edge 50. Thecasing 42 may be configured to carry a material be worked on by theground engaging machine 20. - Further, the
bucket 34 of theground engaging machine 20 may include aground engaging tooth 52. As shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , theground engaging tooth 52 may be fixedly attached to thebucket 34 along theengagement edge 50. Theground engaging tooth 52 may be configured to engage a material to be worked on by theground engaging machine 20. While theground engaging machine 20 depicted inFIGS. 1 and 2 is a hydraulic mining shovel, the present disclosure is not limited only to hydraulic mining shovels. The present disclosure also finds application with otherground engaging machines 20 such as, but not limited to, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders and the like. - Turning to
FIG. 3 , one example of theground engaging tooth 52 that may be utilized with thebucket 34 ofFIG. 2 and theground engaging machine 20 ofFIG. 1 is depicted in a perspective view. As shown there, theground engaging tooth 52 may include a non-ground-engagingend 54 and a ground-engagingend 56 opposite the non-ground-engagingend 54. Further, theground engaging tooth 52 may include abody 58 extending between the non-ground-engagingend 54, the ground-engagingend 56, atop surface 60, abottom surface 62, aleft surface 64 and aright surface 66. Further, this example of theground engaging tooth 52 may include alongitudinal axis 68 extending lengthwise through thebody 58. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , a cross-sectional view along line 4-4 ofFIG. 3 of this example of theground engaging tooth 52 is depicted. As seen therein, theground engaging tooth 52 may additionally include aseparation plane 70 that extends through thebody 58 orthogonal to thelongitudinal axis 68 and thisseparation plane 70 may be positioned between the non-ground-engagingend 54 and the ground-engagingend 56. Theseparation plane 70 may define a plane that delineates acoupling side 72 of theground engaging tooth 52 from awear side 74 of theground engaging tooth 52. - The
coupling side 72 may extend between the non-ground-engagingend 54, theseparation plane 70, thetop surface 60, thebottom surface 62, theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66. Thecoupling side 72 may include a pocket 76 that is configured to receive retaining device 78 (shown in phantom inFIG. 3 ) and the retainingdevice 78 may be configured to fixedly attach theground engaging tooth 52 along theengagement edge 50 of thebucket 34. - Alternatively, the
wear side 74 may be the side of theground engaging tooth 52 configured to engage the material being worked on by theground engaging machine 20. Thewear side 74 may extend between theseparation plane 70, the ground-engagingend 56, thetop surface 60, thebottom surface 62, theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66. Thewear side 74 may include an integral-wear-insert 80 and the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56. At the ground-engagingend 56, the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards thetop surface 60 of thewear side 74. - Turning to
FIG. 5 , a bottom elevation view of theground engaging tooth 52 according toFIG. 3 is depicted. As seen therein, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 at the ground-engagingend 56. Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 moving towards theseparation plane 70 along thebottom surface 62. Turning back to the cross-sectional view ofFIG. 4 , it is seen that the integral-wear-insert 80 may include alongitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engagingend 56 and avertical thickness 84 along thebottom surface 62. Further, thevertical thickness 84 of the integral-wear-insert 80 may increase as the integral-wear-insert 80 extends away from the ground-engagingend 56 and towards theseparation plane 70. - Additionally, the integral-wear-
insert 80 depicted inFIGS. 3-5 may comprise a first material 86 while the remainingbody 58 may be a second material 88. For example, the integral-wear-insert 80 may be, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide or porous aluminum oxide infiltrated with white iron or tungsten carbide. Accordingly, the first material 86 may be selected from a group consisting of, but not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide. On the other hand, the second material 88 comprising the remainingbody 58 may be, for example, cast steel or other material. Accordingly, the first material 86 may comprise an abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88. Moreover, in one example of theground engaging tooth 52 depicted inFIGS. 3-5 , the integral-wear-insert comprises between about 5% by volume and about 15% by volume of thewear side 74. - Furthermore, the integral-wear-
insert 80 may be a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90. More particularly, the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed inside of mold formed in the shape of theground engaging tooth 52. Moreover, the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed at the ground-engagingend 56 of thewear side 74 of the mold. Subsequently, liquid phase second material 88 may be poured into the mold where the heat of the liquid phase second material 88 may remelt or dissolve a limited amount of the solid phase first material 86, when the first material is white iron or tungsten carbide, forming a continuous cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 that may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56 and towards thetop surface 60 of thewear side 74 at the ground-engagingend 56. Further, the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 at the ground-engagingend 56 and between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 moving towards theseparation plane 70 along thebottom surface 62. - Turning to
FIG. 6 , another example of aground engaging tooth 52 that may be utilized with thebucket 34 ofFIG. 3 and theground engaging machine 20 ofFIG. 1 is depicted in a perspective view. As seen there, thisground engaging tooth 52 may also include a non-groundengaging end 54 and a ground-engagingend 56 opposite the non-ground-engagingend 54. Further, thisground engaging tooth 52 may include abody 58 extending between the non-ground-engagingend 54, the ground-engagingend 56, atop surface 60, abottom surface 62, aleft surface 64 and aright surface 66. Further, this example of theground engaging tooth 52 may include alongitudinal axis 68 extending lengthwise through thebody 58. However, as seen in this drawing, thisground engaging tooth 52 may include afirst tooth 92 and asecond tooth 94 disposed parallel to thefirst tooth 92 at the ground-engagingend 56. - Referring now to
FIG. 7 , a cross-sectional view along line 7-7 ofFIG. 3 of this example of theground engaging tooth 52 is depicted. As seen there, thisground engaging tooth 52 may additionally include aseparation plane 70 that extends through thebody 58 orthogonal to thelongitudinal axis 68 and thisseparation plane 70 may be positioned between the non-ground-engagingend 54 and the ground-engagingend 56. Theseparation plane 70 may define a plane that delineates acoupling side 72 of theground engaging tooth 52 from awear side 74 of theground engaging tooth 52. - The
coupling side 72 of this example of theground engaging tooth 52 may extend between the non-ground-engaging 54, theseparation plane 70, thetop surface 60, thebottom surface 62, theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66. Thecoupling side 72 may also include a pocket 76 that is configured to receive retaining device 78 (shown in phantom inFIG. 3 ) and the retainingdevice 78 may be configured to fixedly attach theground engaging tooth 52 along theengagement edge 50 of thebucket 34. - Referring now to
FIGS. 6 and 7 , thewear side 74 may be the side of theground engaging tooth 52 configured to engage the material being worked on by theground engaging machine 20. Thewear side 74 of this example of theground engaging tooth 52 may extend between theseparation plane 70, the ground-engagingend 56, thetop surface 60, thebottom surface 62, theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66. Thewear side 74 may include an integral-wear-insert 80 associated with thefirst tooth 92 and the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56. At the ground-engagingend 56, the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards thetop surface 60 of thefirst tooth 92. Additionally, thewear side 74 of this ground engaging tooth may additionally include a second-integral-wear-insert 96 associated with thesecond tooth 94. Like the integral-wear-insert 80, the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56. Further, at the ground-engagingend 56, the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may vertically extend towards thetop surface 60 of thesecond tooth 94. - Turning to
FIG. 8 , a bottom perspective view of theground engaging tooth 52 according toFIG. 6 is depicted. As seen therein, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between theleft surface 64 and a firstinner surface 98 at the ground-engagingend 56. Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 moving towards theseparation plane 70 along thebottom surface 62. Turning back to the cross-sectional view ofFIG. 4 , it is seen that the integral-wear-insert 80 may include alongitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engagingend 56 and avertical thickness 84 along thebottom surface 62. Further, thevertical thickness 84 of the integral-wear-insert 80 may increase as the integral-wear-insert 80 extends away from the ground-engagingend 56 and towards theseparation plane 70. - Turning back to
FIG. 8 , it is seen that the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may extend between theright surface 66 and a secondinner surface 100 at the ground-engagingend 56. Further, the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 moving towards theseparation plane 70 along thebottom surface 62. Turning back to the cross-sectional view ofFIG. 4 , it is to be understood that the right half of thisground engaging tooth 52 mirrors the left-half depicted in the drawing. Accordingly, the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may also include alongitudinal thickness 82 at the ground-engagingend 56 and avertical thickness 84 along thebottom surface 62. Further, as seen therein, thevertical thickness 84 of the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may increase as the second-integral-wear-insert 96 extends away from the ground-engagingend 56 and towards theseparation plane 70. - Additionally, the integral-wear-
insert 80 and second-integral-wear-insert 96 depicted inFIGS. 6-8 may comprise a first material 86 while the remainingbody 58 may be a second material 88. For example, the integral-wear-insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may be, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide or porous aluminum oxide infiltrated with white iron or tungsten carbide. Accordingly, the first material 86 may be selected from a group consisting of, but is not limited to, white iron, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide. On the other hand, the second material 88 comprising the remainingbody 58 may be, for example, cast steel or other material. Accordingly, the first material 86 may comprise a abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88. Moreover, in one example of theground engaging tooth 52 depicted inFIGS. 6-8 , both of the integral-wear-insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 combined comprise between about 5% by volume and about 15% by volume of thewear side 74. - Furthermore, the integral-wear-
insert 80 and the second-integral-wear-insert 96 may be a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90. More particularly, the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed inside of mold formed in the shape of theground engaging tooth 52. Moreover, the first material 86 in solid phase may be placed at the ground-engagingend 56 of thewear side 74 of the mold. Subsequently, liquid phase second material 88 may be poured into the mold where the heat of the liquid phase second material 88 may remelt or dissolve a very limited amount of the solid phase first material 86, when the first material is white iron or tungsten carbide, forming a continuous cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 that may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56 and towards thetop surface 60 of thewear side 74 at the ground-engagingend 56. Further, the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert 90 may extend between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 at the ground-engagingend 56 and between theleft surface 64 and theright surface 66 moving towards theseparation plane 70 along thebottom surface 62. - In general, the present disclosure may find use in many applications including, but not limited to, increasing wear life of a
ground engaging tooth 52 used on abucket 34 of aground engaging machine 20 used in the construction, agricultural and mining industries.Ground engaging machines 20 with which this disclosure finds usefulness include, but are not limited to, hydraulic mining shovels, draglines, electric rope shovels, excavators, track-loaders, bulldozers, skid-steer loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders and the like. While being useful to any of the machines and industries described above, this disclosure may find particular usefulness withground engaging machines 20 having abucket 34 with aground engaging tooth 52 fixedly attached along theengagement edge 50 of thebucket 34. Further, this disclosure may find usefulness when theground engaging tooth 52 is used in abrasive environments such as, but not limited to, mining coal, oil sands and other abrasive materials. More particularly, the present disclosure finds usefulness by extending the wear life and improving wear shape of aground engaging tooth 52 utilized on abucket 34 of aground engaging machine 20 used to mine abrasive materials such as, but not limited to, coal, oil sands and other abrasive materials. - In general, the present disclosure may employ a
ground engaging tooth 52 depicted in eitherFIG. 3-5 or 6-8 that includes an integral-wear-insert 80. The integral-wear-insert 80 may be positioned on thewear side 74 of theground engaging tooth 52 and may be made of a first material 86 having abrasion resistance greater than the second material 88 from which the remainingbody 58 of theground engaging tooth 52 is constructed. Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may longitudinally extend along thebottom surface 62 of thewear side 74 towards the ground-engagingend 56 of theground engaging tooth 52. Further, the integral-wear-insert 80 may vertically extend towards thetop surface 60 of theground engaging tooth 52 at the ground-engagingend 56. Moreover, the integral-wear-insert 80 may include avertical thickness 84, and thevertical thickness 84 may increase as the integral-wear-insert moves away from the ground-engagingend 56. This structure leads to aground engaging tooth 52 having a Wear Factor of between about 1.5 and about 2.5, a level heretofore unseen with aground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 as disclosed herein. More specifically, this structure leads to aground engaging tooth 52 having a Wear Factor of at least 1.72, a level heretofore unseen with aground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein. - The Wear Factor may be described by the formula:
-
W D =W B /W I -
-
- WD=the Wear Factor;
- WB=the average tip length loss in millimeters per hour of machine operation of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do not utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein after being used on the bucket of a ground engaging machine to mine oil sand overburden for about 725 hours; and
- WI=the average tip length loss in millimeters per hour of machine operation of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein while simultaneously being used on the same bucket of the same ground engaging machine to mine the same oil sand overburden for about 725 hours.
- An example of data used to determine the Wear Factor is depicted in Table 1 below.
-
TABLE 1 PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- Tip Style Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Bucket Position #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Hours of Machine 727 727 727 727 727 727 Operation Length of New Tip (mm) 480 495 480 495 480 495 Length of Tip at End of 316 412 288 378 303 385 Test (mm) Length Loss of Tip per 0.226 0.114 0.264 0.162 0.243 0.151 Hour of Operation (mm) Average PTA Cladded 0.245 Wear Factor = 1.72 Tip Length Loss Per Hour of Machine Operation (mm) Average Integral-Wear- 0.142 Insert Wear Tip Length Loss Per Hour of Machine Operation (mm) - In addition to the above, the integral-wear-insert leads to a
ground engaging tooth 52 having a heretofore unseen Pitch Factor ranging between about −1.0 and −4.0. More specifically, this structure leads to aground engaging tooth 52 having a −2.45 Pitch Factor, a level heretofore unseen with aground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein. - The Pitch Factor may be described by the formula:
-
P D =P B /P I -
-
- PD=the Pitch Factor;
- PB=the average tip pitch of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do not utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein after being used on the bucket of a ground engaging machine to mine oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, wherein tip pitch is defined as the angle between the plane of the centerline of the tooth pocket and the plane that extends through the point where the centerline of the tooth pocket meet and the point at the longest end of the tooth; and
- PI=the average tip pitch of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein while simultaneously being used on the same bucket of the same ground engaging machine to mine the same oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, wherein tip pitch is defined as the angle between the plane of the centerline of the tooth pocket and the plane that extends through the point where the centerline of the tooth pocket meet and the point at the longest end of the tooth.
- An example of data used to determine the Pitch Factor is depicted in Table 2 below.
-
TABLE 2 PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- Tip Style Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Bucket Position #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Hours of Machine 727 727 727 727 727 727 Operation Pitch of New Tip −9.00 −9.00 −9.00 −9.00 −9.00 −9.00 (Degrees) Pitch of Tip at End of 0.00 −13.00 0.00 −13.00 0.00 −12.00 Test (Degrees) Pitch Differential at End −9.000 4.000 −9.000 4.000 −9.000 3.000 of Test (Degrees) Average PTA Cladded −9.0000 Pitch Factor = −2.45 Pitch Differential at End of Test (Degrees) Average Integral-Wear- 3.6667 Insert Tip Pitch Differential at End of Test (Degrees) - Furthermore, the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein leads to a
ground engaging tooth 52 having a heretofore unseen Sharpness Factor ranging between about 1.0 and 3.0. More specifically, this structure leads to aground engaging tooth 52 having a Sharpness Factor of about 2.03, a level heretofore unseen with aground engaging tooth 52 lacking the integral-wear-insert 80 disclosed herein. - The Sharpness Factor may be described by the formula:
-
S D =S B /S I -
-
- SD=the Sharpness Factor;
- SB=the average tip sharpness of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do not utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein after being used on the bucket of a ground engaging machine to mine oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, wherein tip sharpness is defined as the angle at the endpoint of the tip where the top surface intersects with the bottom surface; and
- SI=the average tip sharpness of at least three brand new ground engaging teeth that do utilize the integral-wear-insert disclosed herein while simultaneously being used on the same bucket of the same ground engaging machine to mine the same oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, wherein tip sharpness is defined as the angle at the endpoint of the tip where the top surface intersects with the bottom surface.
- An example of data used to determine the Sharpness Factor is depicted in Table 3 below.
-
TABLE 3 PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- PTA Integral-Wear- Tip Style Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Cladded Insert Bucket Position #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Hours of Machine 727 727 727 727 727 727 Operation Sharpness of New Tip 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 (Degrees) Sharpness of Tip at End 79.00 55.00 80.00 58.00 78.00 57.00 of Test (Degrees) Sharpness Differential 44.000 20.000 45.000 23.000 43.000 22.000 at End of Test (Degrees) Average PTA Cladded 44.0000 Sharpness Factor = 2.03 Tip Sharpness Differential at End of Test (Degrees) Average Integral-Wear- 21.6667 Insert Tip Sharpness Differential at End of Test (Degrees) -
FIG. 9 is a profile view of a ground engaging tooth utilizing the integral wear insert described herein after placement on a bucket of a ground engaging machine used to mine oil sand overburden for about 725 hours in order to complete the tests necessary to determine the Wear Factor, the Pitch Factor and the Sharpness Factor. On the other hand,FIG. 10 is a profile view of a prior art ground engaging tooth that does not utilize the integral wear insert described herein placed on the same bucket of the same ground engaging machine to mine the same oil sand overburden for about 725 hours in order to complete the tests necessary to determine the Wear Factor, the Pitch Factor and the Sharpness Factor. - As graphically represented in these figures, the ground engaging tooth of
FIG. 9 in longer in length than ground engaging tooth ofFIG. 10 thereby leading to the heretofore unseen Wear Factor. Furthermore, as graphically depicted therein, the ground engaging tooth inFIG. 9 has a downward pitch (a) after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours, while the ground engaging tooth inFIG. 10 lacks any pitch after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours thereby leading to the heretofore unseen Pitch Factor. In effect, the pitch (a) inFIG. 10 has gone to zero, opposite the starting downward pitch (a), and therefore is not depicted. Moreover, as graphically represented in these figures, the ground engaging tooth inFIG. 9 has a sharpness ((3) after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours that is smaller than the sharpness ((3) of the ground engaging tooth ofFIG. 10 after mining oil sand overburden for about 725 hours leading to the heretofore unseen Sharpness Factor. - The above description is meant to be representative only, and thus modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, these modifications fall within the scope of present disclosure and are intended to fall within the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A ground engaging tooth for a ground engaging machine, comprising:
a non-ground-engaging end;
a ground-engaging end opposite the non-ground-engaging end;
a body, the body extending between the non-ground-engaging end, the ground engaging end, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface;
a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis extending lengthwise through the body;
a separation plane, the separation plane extending through the body orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and being positioned between the non-ground-engaging end and the ground engaging end;
a coupling side, the coupling side extending between the non-ground engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface, the coupling side including a pocket configured to receive a retaining device;
a wear side, the wear side extending between the ground-engaging end, the separation plane, the top surface, the bottom surface, the left surface and the right surface, the wear side including an integral-wear-insert, the integral-wear-insert longitudinally extends along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
2. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 1 , wherein the integral-wear-insert horizontally extends between the left surface and the right surface at the ground-engaging end and wherein the integral-wear-insert further horizontally extends between the left surface and the right surface along the bottom surface.
3. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 1 , wherein the integral-wear-insert includes a longitudinal thickness at the ground-engaging end and a vertical thickness along the bottom surface.
4. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 3 , wherein the vertical thickness increases as the integral-wear-insert longitudinally extends away from the ground-engaging end towards the separation plane.
5. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 1 , wherein the integral-wear-insert is a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert.
6. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 1 , wherein the integral-wear-insert comprises a first material and the remaining body comprises a second material.
7. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 6 , wherein the first material comprises a abrasion resistance greater than the second material.
8. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 6 , wherein the first material is selected from a group consisting of white iron, tungsten carbide and aluminum oxide.
9. The ground engaging tooth according to claim 1 , wherein the integral-wear-insert comprises between about 5% by volume and about 15% by volume of the wear side.
10. A bucket for a ground engaging machine, comprising:
a first member, the first member including a through-bore about which the bucket may rotate;
a casing, the casing attached to and extending away from the first member and ending at a top edge, a left edge, a right edge and an engagement edge, the casing configured to carry a material being worked on;
a ground engaging tooth, the ground engaging tooth fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge configured to engage the material being worked on, the ground engaging tooth including a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface, the wear side including an integral-wear-insert that longitudinally extends along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end.
11. The bucket according to claim 10 , wherein the integral-wear-insert horizontally extends between the left surface and the right surface at the ground-engaging end and further wherein the integral-wear-insert extends between the left surface and the right surface along the bottom surface.
12. The bucket according to claim 10 , wherein the integral-wear-insert includes a longitudinal thickness at the ground-engaging end and a vertical thickness along the bottom surface and further wherein the vertical thickness increases as the integral-wear-insert longitudinally extends away from the ground-engaging end towards the separation plane.
13. The bucket according to claim 10 , wherein the integral-wear-insert is a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert.
14. The bucket according to claim 13 , wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert comprises a first material and the remaining wear side comprises a second material and further wherein the first material comprises a abrasion resistance greater than the second material.
15. The bucket according to claim 10 , wherein the integral-wear-insert comprises between about 5% by volume and 15% by volume of the wear side.
16. A ground engaging machine, comprising:
a frame;
a power source supported by the frame;
a motive device operatively associated with the power source configured to transfer energy of the power source to ground;
an arm having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the first end rotatably associated with the frame;
a bucket, the bucket operatively coupled to the second end and including an engagement edge;
a ground engaging tooth fixedly attached to the bucket along the engagement edge configured to engage a material worked on, the ground engaging tooth including a wear side extending between a ground-engaging end, a separation plane, a top surface, a bottom surface, a left surface and a right surface, the wear side including a cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert that longitudinally extends along the bottom surface towards the ground-engaging end and vertically extends towards the top surface at the ground-engaging end, wherein the ground engaging tooth with the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert has a Wear Factor between about 1.5 and about 3.0.
17. The ground engaging machine according to claim 16 , wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert has a Pitch Factor about −1.0 and about −4.0.
18. The ground engaging machine according to claim 16 , wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert has a Sharpness Factor between about 1.0 and about 3.0.
19. The ground engaging machine according to claim 16 , wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert horizontally extends between the left surface and the right surface at the ground-engaging end, wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert extends between the left surface and the right surface along the bottom surface, wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert includes a longitudinal thickness at the ground-engaging end and a vertical thickness along the bottom surface, wherein the vertical thickness increases as the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert longitudinally extends away from the ground-engaging end towards the separation plane, wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert comprises a first material and the remaining wear side comprises a second material and further wherein the first material comprises a abrasion resistance greater than the second material.
20. The ground engaging machine according to claim 16 , wherein the cast-in-place-integral-wear-insert comprises between about 5% by volume and 15% by volume of the wear side.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/048,484 US20170241108A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Ground Engaging Machine |
PCT/US2017/017631 WO2017142829A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2017-02-13 | Ground engaging wear member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/048,484 US20170241108A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Ground Engaging Machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170241108A1 true US20170241108A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
Family
ID=58094543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/048,484 Abandoned US20170241108A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Ground Engaging Machine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170241108A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017142829A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190368164A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-12-05 | Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd. | Construction machine bucket part and manufacturing method therefor |
WO2020076080A1 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 성보공업주식회사 | Bucket tooth of excavator and method for manufacturing same |
USD894971S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-09-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
USD897379S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-09-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
EP3871807A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-01 | Parksen Group Pty Ltd | Method for designing a prearranged hard surface or hard points for casting product and corresponding casting |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130174453A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-07-11 | Esco Corporation | Wear assembly |
US20170233986A1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ground engaging component and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5939461A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-03-03 | Komatsu Ltd | Production of particle dispersion type wear-resistant composite material |
JP2596106B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1997-04-02 | 住友重機械鋳鍛株式会社 | Combined drilling tooth |
US5896911A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-04-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Process for making a selectively reinforced ground engaging tool component |
WO2009086590A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Excalibur Steel Company Pty Ltd | Wear resistant components |
US9192987B2 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2015-11-24 | Caterpillar Inc. | Method of casting |
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 US US15/048,484 patent/US20170241108A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2017
- 2017-02-13 WO PCT/US2017/017631 patent/WO2017142829A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130174453A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-07-11 | Esco Corporation | Wear assembly |
US20170233986A1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ground engaging component and method for manufacturing the same |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190368164A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2019-12-05 | Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd. | Construction machine bucket part and manufacturing method therefor |
US11814819B2 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2023-11-14 | Doosan Infracore Co., Ltd | Construction machine bucket part and manufacturing method therefor |
WO2020076080A1 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 성보공업주식회사 | Bucket tooth of excavator and method for manufacturing same |
USD894971S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-09-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
USD897379S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-09-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
USD906376S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2020-12-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
USD924942S1 (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2021-07-13 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tip for a ground engaging machine implement |
EP3871807A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-01 | Parksen Group Pty Ltd | Method for designing a prearranged hard surface or hard points for casting product and corresponding casting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017142829A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20170241108A1 (en) | Ground Engaging Machine | |
US9562340B2 (en) | Excavating bucket and work vehicle | |
US9260839B2 (en) | Ground engaging tool assembly | |
AU2014296579B2 (en) | Ground engaging tool assembly | |
CN205134402U (en) | Controllable mechanism formula connecting rod pile up neatly arm | |
CN205134401U (en) | Multi freedom connecting rod formula pile up neatly arm | |
US9441350B2 (en) | Ground engaging tool assembly | |
ATE469272T1 (en) | WORKING TOOL FOR AN EARTH CONSTRUCTION MACHINE. | |
CN206279252U (en) | A kind of high intensity super abrasive steel construction | |
CN211421228U (en) | Excavator excavating bucket tooth mounting structure of loader | |
CN207974184U (en) | A kind of wear-resisting mining bucket | |
CN206706874U (en) | A kind of broken stone implement of backhoe dredger | |
CN211113841U (en) | Rock breaking device | |
CN210917540U (en) | Mechanical arm with sliding groove type breaking hammer | |
CN203213191U (en) | Double-head excavator bucket tooth | |
CN106049590B (en) | A kind of bionical power shovel | |
JP3058178U (en) | Corner shroud for drilling bucket | |
CN202131626U (en) | Earth cracking device for excavator | |
CN211665841U (en) | Excavator bucket tooth and excavator | |
CN215188160U (en) | Soil leveling machine tool bit | |
AU2014296674B2 (en) | Ground engaging tool assembly | |
CN206328799U (en) | A kind of anti-sticking glutinous excavator bucket hook | |
JP2003336281A (en) | Excavating bucket for construction equipment | |
KR101759746B1 (en) | a Bucket Tooth for a Construction Heavy Equipment | |
CN108505580B (en) | Tooth head structure for excavator and dredging machine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOKOS, GEORGE B.;BARLOW, JAMES O.;MAJEWSKI, THOMAS;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20160210 TO 20160216;REEL/FRAME:037779/0061 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |