US20170225885A1 - Flexible container liner wringing device and liner - Google Patents
Flexible container liner wringing device and liner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170225885A1 US20170225885A1 US15/244,609 US201615244609A US2017225885A1 US 20170225885 A1 US20170225885 A1 US 20170225885A1 US 201615244609 A US201615244609 A US 201615244609A US 2017225885 A1 US2017225885 A1 US 2017225885A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liner
- wall
- fitment
- side wall
- wringing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/005—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by expelling contents, e.g. by squeezing the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/16—Large containers flexible
- B65D88/1612—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
- B65D88/1618—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC] double-walled or with linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/0055—Containers or packages provided with a flexible bag or a deformable membrane or diaphragm for expelling the contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/16—Large containers flexible
- B65D88/1612—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
- B65D88/1631—Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC] with shape keeping flexible elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/02—Wall construction
- B65D90/04—Linings
- B65D90/046—Flexible liners, e.g. loosely positioned in the container
Definitions
- This invention relates to bulk container liners which utilize devices to extract the material contents from the liner through the wringing of the liner.
- Flexible liners are oftentimes utilized in conjunction with an intermediate bulk containers which are typically 42 to inches is length, width and height, to ship large quantities of liquid, viscous or granular products.
- a problem long associated with the use of such liners has been the complete or near-complete evacuation of the contents from within the liner.
- some liners have utilized pressurized regions to lift or angle the bottom of the liner or to move the interior sidewalls inwardly so as to move the contents closer to the outlet of the liner. While these devices have aided in the evacuation of the liner they can still result in rather large quantities of content remaining within the liner.
- This type of container also requires the use of additional pressurizing equipment to pressurize the inflatable regions.
- Liners have also been designed with only a centrally located top fitment so that a vacuum hose head may be positioned within the top fitment to vacuum out the contents of the liner.
- a problem associated with this type of liner has been that as the contents are evacuated the liner material oftentimes folds and contacts another portion of the liner, thereby blocking the evacuation path.
- a similar problem also occurs with liners having bottom fitments which may get blocked by folded or gathered liner material. As such, an unacceptable amount of content material may again remain within the liner.
- a liner for use with an intermediate bulk material container which comprises a liner body having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a front wall, a rear wall opposite the front wall, and two oppositely disposed end walls.
- the front wall, rear wall and end walls extend between the top wall and the bottom wall.
- the liner also includes an outlet fitment coupled to the front wall closely adjacent the bottom wall and distally the top wall, and an inlet coupled to the top wall closely adjacent the rear wall and distally the front wall.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a liner wringing device embodying principles of the invention in a preferred form, shown coupled to a liner and liner container.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device of FIG. 1 , shown with a top portion of the housing removed.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the liner wringing device of FIG. 1 , shown with a top portion of the housing removed.
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the liner wringing device of FIG. 1 , shown in a separated configuration.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device of FIG. 1 shown partially emptied and fully emptied in phantom lines.
- FIGS. 7-10 are a series of view of a liner within a container being emptied by a wringing device.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the liner shown in FIGS. 7-10 .
- FIG. 12 is a front end view of the liner of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 13 is perspective view of the liner in another preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a top view of the liner of FIG. 13 .
- FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of the liner of FIG. 13 .
- a flexible container liner wringing device 10 embodying principles of the invention in a preferred form.
- the wringing device 10 is configured to be used in conjunction with a flexible container or liner L positioned within a container C, which is preferably in the form of a rigid intermediate bulk container but which may also be in the form of a flexible bag or a semi-rigid container.
- the liner L has a liner body 11 with a front wall 12 , rear wall 16 , bottom wall 13 , a top wall 14 and end or side walls 15 , however, the front wall, rear wall and end walls may be considered to be one tubular side wall in the form of four peripheral side walls extending between the bottom wall and top wall so as to define a generally box shape configuration.
- the top wall 14 also includes a tubular excess liner material or chute 19 located closely adjacent the rear wall 16 and which includes a tubular filling fitment 20 with a fitment cap 21 .
- the liner L also has a cylindrical, tubular, hose content inlet/outlet port or bottom fitment 23 , having a fitment cap 24 , which extends through the liner bottom wall 13 or side wall 15 adjacent the bottom wall.
- a vacuum hose VH may be coupled to the bottom fitment in fluid communication with the interior space of the liner to aid in the extraction of the material within the liner.
- the liner's box shape can be described generally as a rectangular prism, although it should be understood that due to the nature of flexible materials the walls follow the shape of the container. Furthermore, flexibility of the plastic material enables the walls to collapse during dispensing without interference.
- the liner body may be made of a plastic sheet or film material such as a polyethylene film.
- the wringing device 10 includes an exterior shell or housing 30 having a bottom half 31 and a top half 32 which define an internal cavity or compartment 39 which houses the internal mechanical components of the wringing device 10 .
- the housing is also divided between a motor portion 34 and a handle portion 35 which are removably coupled to each other though a pair of latches 36 which enable the motor portion 34 to be moved away from or separated from the handle portion.
- the housing motor portion 34 forms a handle 38 .
- the housing 30 also defines a central liner compression hole, pathway or channel 40 partially defined by both the motor portion and the handle portion through which the liner passes during initial use of the wringing device 10 .
- the housing 30 has a metal bottom support plate 42 , which may be considered part of the housing and central liner compression channel 40 , coupled to the housing bottom half 31 for mounting the mechanical components described hereinafter.
- the bottom support plate is also divided into a motor portion associated with the motor portion of the housing and a handle portion associated with the handle portion of the housing.
- the bottom support plate includes a substantially enclosed central opening 43 aligned along the central channel 40 .
- the wringing device 10 internal mechanical components are utilized to draw the liner L through the wringing device 10 thereby forcing the material or contents within the liner towards the bottom of the liner, or more precisely, to move the wringing device downwardly along the emptied or wrung portion of the liner as the material is extracted, thereby maintaining the material within the bottom portion of the liner.
- the mechanical components include a drive assembly 44 formed by four elastomeric rollers 45 , such as neoprene rollers, positioned so that the outer or peripheral contact surfaces 50 of the rollers are aligned generally vertically to and tangentially with, adjacent to, or along the central channel 40 , i.e., the four rollers are each positioned so that the outer circumference or contact surface 50 of the roller is vertically positioned along the central channel 40 so that they each contact and engage a portion of the liner as it passes through the central pathway.
- elastomeric rollers 45 such as neoprene rollers
- the four rollers 45 are oriented in a cross or + shaped configuration so that both pairs of oppositely disposed rollers squeeze the liner there between, which prevents the material from being squeezed sideways within the liner thereby avoiding being squeezed downwardly.
- the first roller is generally axially parallel to the oppositely disposed third roller
- the second roller is generally axially parallel to the oppositely disposed fourth roller
- the first and third rollers being generally axially perpendicular to the second and fourth rollers.
- Opposite pairs of rollers may be considered to be pairs of generally axially parallel aligned rollers.
- the term axially parallel and axially perpendicular is intended to mean an alignment with reference to an imaginary line extending along the axis of the roller or generally along the drive shaft/axle supporting the roller.
- the four rollers 45 consist of a first roller 46 , a second roller 47 , a third roller 48 and a fourth roller 49 .
- the first roller 46 is mounted to a first drive shaft/axle 51 which also includes a first bevel gear 52 and a second bevel gear 53 .
- the first drive shaft/axle 51 is mounted to the bottom support plate 42 through a first roller support block 55 and a second roller support block 56 , through which the first drive shaft/axle 51 is journalled.
- the end of the first drive shaft/axle 51 is coupled to a pneumatic air gear motor 57 which rotatably drives the first drive shaft/axle 51 .
- the pneumatic air gear motor 57 is coupled to a source of pressurized air through a pressure line 58 and pressure regulator 59 .
- the pneumatic air gear motor 57 may be a Ingersoll-Rand model number #41007RVR188BR6 with a starting torque of 76.5 lg/ft, a stall torque of 102 lb/ft, a speed max power of 47 rpm, and a max air consumption of 33 scfm.
- the second roller 47 is mounted to a second drive shaft/axle 61 which also includes a third bevel gear 62 and a fourth bevel gear 63 and is rotatably coupled to a third roller shaft support block 64 .
- the third bevel gear 62 is configured to mesh with the first bevel gear 52 of the first drive shaft/axle 51 so that rotation of the first bevel gear 52 drives the rotation of the third bevel gear 62 , which in turn rotates the fourth bevel gear 63 , the second drive shaft 61 , and the associated second roller 47 .
- the third roller 48 is mounted to a third drive shaft/axle 66 which also includes a fifth bevel gear 67 and is rotatably coupled to a fourth roller shaft support block 68 and the first roller shaft support block 55 .
- the fifth bevel gear 67 is configured to mesh with the fourth bevel gear 63 so that rotation of the fourth bevel gear 63 drives the rotation of the fifth bevel gear 67 , which in turn drives the rotation of the third drive shaft 66 and the associated third roller 48 .
- the fourth roller 49 is mounted to a fourth drive shaft/axle 70 which also includes a sixth bevel gear 71 and is rotatably coupled to the second and fourth roller shaft support blocks 56 and 68 .
- the sixth bevel gear 71 is configured to mesh with the second bevel gear 53 so that rotation of the second bevel gear 53 drives the rotation of the sixth bevel gear 71 , which in turn drives the rotation of the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 and the associated fourth roller 49 .
- first, second, third and fourth drive shafts are linked together for simultaneous rotational movement through their respective bevel gears with rotation of the first drive shaft which is forcible driven through the actuation of the pneumatic air gear motor 57 .
- This simultaneous rotation of the four drive shafts transfers or translates to similar simultaneous rotational movement of the four rollers 45 coupled to the drive shafts.
- the placement and configuration of the bevel gears enables each of the four rollers 45 to rotate at the same speed in an upward direction (synchronic motion) at a location tangential to the central channel 40 .
- one of more of the drive shafts may be coupled to an in-line latching mechanism, such as latches 36 , which when opened disengages and moves one of the drive shafts or rollers outwardly to facilitate the passage of the top filling fitment 20 and chute 19 through the central channel 40 during initial placement of the liner through the wringing device 10 .
- the in-line latching mechanism is preferably associated with and for movement of the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 as the second and fourth support blocks, 56 and 68 respectively, associated with the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 are mounted to the bottom support plate of the handle portion 35 so that these support blocks may slide along the extended length of the first and third drive shaft/axles shown in the drawings.
- the in-line latching mechanism may prevent the airline to the air gear motor 57 from being attached when in an unlatched position.
- the wringing device 10 also includes four curved guide or glide blocks 73 , each of which is positioned between and adjacent to each pair of adjacent rollers.
- the ends of the glide blocks 73 are positioned close to the roller to aid in ensuring proper alignment of the roller and to prevent the gathering of the liner between adjacent rollers during use.
- the chute or liner spout 19 and top filling fitment 20 are passed through the central channel 40 of the wringing device 10 until the wringing device 10 rests upon the top wall 14 of the liner, as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the housing latches 36 may be unlatched to allow limited separation between the motor portion 34 and the handle portion 35 to allow the fourth drive shaft/axle to be moved to increase the size of the central liner compression channel 40 and opening during initial mounting of the liner, as shown in FIG. 5 , i.e., the fourth roller and fourth drive shaft axle is movable between a first portion close to the opening and fully closed central liner compression channel and a second position distal the opening and fully closed central compression channel.
- the motor portion and handle portion are returned to their latched position once the liner is properly positioned but prior to actuation of the air gear motor 57 .
- the compressed air is then provided to the pneumatic air gear motor 57 through pressure line 58 and regulator 59 , the wringing device 10 is thus turned on when the pressurized air is supplied to the air gear motor.
- the air gear motor 57 rotates the first drive shaft/axle 51 , which through the meshing of bevel gears causes the mutual rotation of the second, third, and fourth drive shafts/axles 61 , 66 , and 70 .
- the rotation of the four drive shafts results in the simultaneous rotation of the four rollers 46 , 47 , 48 and 49 in an upward direction tangentially along the central channel and against the liner therein.
- the rotation of the rollers causes the liner to be frictionally engaged by the rollers so that it is pulled upwardly through the central liner compression channel 40 , thereby driving the wringing device 10 downwardly against the filled portion of the liner, as shown in FIG. 6 which illustrates a liner which is approximately half evacuated.
- the downward movement of the device causes the liner to be forced against the confining central liner compression channel 40 thereby squeezing the liner and forcing the liner content downwardly as the device moves along the length (height) of the liner, i.e., the central liner compression channel squeezes or wrings the liner as it passes therethrough. Because of the confined space of the central channel and the squeezing action of the rollers upon the liner as it passes between the rollers, the material within the liner approaching the wringing device 10 is forced downwardly along the un-wrung portion of the liner resulting in the near complete evacuation of material from the wrung portion, as shown in phantom lines in FIG. 6 .
- the air gear motor automatically deactivates or stalls to stop the rotation of the rollers. This stalling may occur when the evacuation of the liner contents ceases or slows to a certain level for any reason.
- the liner tension reduces as material is discharged from the liner through the bottom fitment 23 and the liner thereby loosens or relaxes.
- the wringing device 10 continually draws the excess liner through the central liner compression channel 40 through rotation of the four rollers.
- the gathering and compression of the liner through the central liner compression channel and the four direction gathering and compressing or squeezing action of the four rollers upon the liner passing through the central channel 40 ensures a near complete evacuation of the liner as any residual material clinging to the liner is forced downward as it approaches the four rollers.
- the liner may pass completely through the central channel or the latch is opened and the roller drive shaft disengaged to allow the liner to pass completely through the central channel. Once the liner passes completely through the wringing device 10 very little material should remain within the liner as the material has been pushed downwardly and through the bottom fitment.
- the liner may be voided of all but the last residual material prior to activating the wringing device. This delay in actuation of the device also decreases the pressure at which the motor operates as it does not have to expel the material to such a large degree.
- wringing device 10 provides for a device which is easily portable and removable so that it may be moved between different devices easily and quickly.
- central is not intended to denote an exact location in the center and is instead intended to denote a channel that is located within the confines of a periphery.
- central channel and/or central opening 43 are considered substantially “enclosed” as they do not include a gap which is large enough for a portion of the liner to become entrapped within the gap. As such, even though the support plate and housing are actually divided, the openings or channels therein are considered to be substantially enclosed.
- the liner may be made of a material having a somewhat tacky exterior surface, such as from a film of metallocene resin, to maximize the gripping effect or pulling on the rollers upon the liner.
- the liner may also be made of different thicknesses of material.
- the front wall 12 , bottom wall 13 , top wall 14 and back wall may be made of a 4 mil, 2 ply material while the side walls 15 are made of a 3.2 mil, 2 ply material.
- the difference in the wall thicknesses aid in maintaining a constant pull of the liner through the wringing device by decreasing the wall thickness as the amount of liner material increases through the wringing device, i.e., to compensate for a larger amount of material (more square inches of material) passing through the wringing device the thickness of the material decreases to maintain a desired total amount or volume of material passing therethrough.
- the increase in material amount (more square inches) is a result of the geometry of the liner wherein more material is present within the wringing device as the middle portion of the liner passes through the wringing device compared to the corners or corner adjacent areas of the liner passing through the wringing device, as shown in FIG. 15 and described in more detail hereinafter.
- the wringing device may be mounted to a portable hand truck 80 .
- the hand truck 80 is pushed into position engaging the container, as seen in FIG. 7 .
- a constant pull pulling or tensioning device 81 having a tensioning cable 82 is coupled to the chute 19 to provide an even pull upon the chute as the liner contents are emptied, see FIGS. 8-9 .
- the wringing device is remounted upon the hand truck 80 , as shown in FIG. 10 .
- the liner has unique features which enable it to be better utilized with a wringing device.
- the liner L may include a gap-filler or filler strip 70 of foam material extending upwardly from a position closely adjacent the outlet fitment.
- the filler strip may be a 1 . 2 pound/foot, closed cell polyethylene material, which acts to provide material volume when the liner is in a compressed or gathered condition passing through the device.
- the filler strip 70 is mounted, preferably by adhesive, to the front wall 12 directly over and closely adjacent the outlet fitment 23 .
- the filler strip 70 may taper along at least a majority of the strip's longitudinal length or height so as to increase its lateral width as it approaches the outlet fitment 23 (extends from the top wall towards the bottom wall), thereby increasing the material volume of strip material.
- the purpose of the filler strip 70 is to provide bulk or additional material volume to this portion of the liner so that the amount or volume of material passing through the wringing device does not significantly decrease as the wringing device approaches the outlet fitment 23 at the conclusion of the wringing process. A significant decrease in material volume could cause the wringing device to slip upon the liner and thereby prevent the liner from being pulled through the wringing device.
- the liner L may also include a top fitment 78 (inlet) which is positioned directly to the top wall 14 close to or closely adjacent the rear wall 16 as opposed to the previous embodiment wherein the combination chute and fitment (inlet) is positioned closely adjacent the rear wall.
- a top fitment 78 inlet
- the purpose of the rearward location of the fitment 78 , or chute 74 is to improve the geometry of the liner and the resulting pulling through the wringing device.
- the “run” or the length of material from the fitment 20 to the outlet fitment 23 along the equatorial front side of the liner is length L 1 .
- This length L 1 is much shorter than the run or length of material from a centrally mounted fitment 20 to the outlet fitment 23 along the equatorial backside of the liner represented by length L 2 .
- This difference in lengths (L 1 and L 2 ) causes the front side of the liner to be pulled through the wringing device long prior to the backside of the liner being pulled through. This results in excess material along the backside of the liner not being pulled completely through the wringing device.
- the new equatorial front run or length L 3 is essentially equal to the new equatorial rear run or length L 4 or at least much closer to being equivalent when compared to a centrally positioned top fitment (L 1 and L 2 ).
- the term diagonally opposite is intended to denote a position opposite from the outlet fitment diagonally across the volume of the filled rectangular prism configuration of the liner, as shown generally in FIG. 15 .
- the run lengths of material (L 3 and L 4 ) are generally equivalent, both lengths pass through and finish through the wringing device at essentially the same time, thereby providing a better expulsion of material from the liner.
- the filling fitment 20 , top fitment 78 and chute 19 or fitment/chute combination may all be considered to be an inlet, as used herein and specifically the claims.
- the fitments may be mounted to any wall so long as they are generally diagonally opposite each other close to the corner or joinder of the top wall or bottom wall with a side wall.
- the outlet fitment may be mounted to the bottom wall rather than the front wall, or to any of the other side walls or end walls described herein so long as the inlet fitment is also mounted diagonally opposite therefrom.
- outlet fitment 23 may be designed to include a thin layer of plastic or the like to seal the fitment.
- the plastic seal may be perforated by the connector or hose configured to mate with the outlet fitment to allow the flow of contents from the line.
- the liner body 23 may be of any conventional construction, such as that shown in the preferred embodiment, a gusseted design, a pillow design, or a tapered design sometimes referred to in the industry as a bottleneck design.
Abstract
Description
- Applicant claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/293,599 filed Feb. 10, 2016.
- This invention relates to bulk container liners which utilize devices to extract the material contents from the liner through the wringing of the liner.
- Flexible liners are oftentimes utilized in conjunction with an intermediate bulk containers which are typically 42 to inches is length, width and height, to ship large quantities of liquid, viscous or granular products. A problem long associated with the use of such liners has been the complete or near-complete evacuation of the contents from within the liner. As such, some liners have utilized pressurized regions to lift or angle the bottom of the liner or to move the interior sidewalls inwardly so as to move the contents closer to the outlet of the liner. While these devices have aided in the evacuation of the liner they can still result in rather large quantities of content remaining within the liner. This type of container also requires the use of additional pressurizing equipment to pressurize the inflatable regions.
- Liners have also been designed with only a centrally located top fitment so that a vacuum hose head may be positioned within the top fitment to vacuum out the contents of the liner. A problem associated with this type of liner has been that as the contents are evacuated the liner material oftentimes folds and contacts another portion of the liner, thereby blocking the evacuation path. A similar problem also occurs with liners having bottom fitments which may get blocked by folded or gathered liner material. As such, an unacceptable amount of content material may again remain within the liner.
- Accordingly, it is seen that a need remains for a device to aid with a more efficient evacuation the liner's contents, especially those used with intermediate bulk containers and a liner which works in conjunction with such as device. It is to the provision of such therefore that the present invention is primarily directed.
- A liner for use with an intermediate bulk material container which comprises a liner body having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a front wall, a rear wall opposite the front wall, and two oppositely disposed end walls. The front wall, rear wall and end walls extend between the top wall and the bottom wall. The liner also includes an outlet fitment coupled to the front wall closely adjacent the bottom wall and distally the top wall, and an inlet coupled to the top wall closely adjacent the rear wall and distally the front wall.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a liner wringing device embodying principles of the invention in a preferred form, shown coupled to a liner and liner container. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device ofFIG. 1 , shown with a top portion of the housing removed. -
FIG. 4 is a top view of the liner wringing device ofFIG. 1 , shown with a top portion of the housing removed. -
FIG. 5 is a top view of the liner wringing device ofFIG. 1 , shown in a separated configuration. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the liner wringing device ofFIG. 1 shown partially emptied and fully emptied in phantom lines. -
FIGS. 7-10 are a series of view of a liner within a container being emptied by a wringing device. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the liner shown inFIGS. 7-10 . -
FIG. 12 is a front end view of the liner ofFIG. 11 . -
FIG. 13 is perspective view of the liner in another preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 14 is a top view of the liner ofFIG. 13 . -
FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of the liner ofFIG. 13 . - With reference next to the drawings, there is shown a flexible container
liner wringing device 10 embodying principles of the invention in a preferred form. Thewringing device 10 is configured to be used in conjunction with a flexible container or liner L positioned within a container C, which is preferably in the form of a rigid intermediate bulk container but which may also be in the form of a flexible bag or a semi-rigid container. - The liner L has a
liner body 11 with a front wall 12, rear wall 16,bottom wall 13, atop wall 14 and end orside walls 15, however, the front wall, rear wall and end walls may be considered to be one tubular side wall in the form of four peripheral side walls extending between the bottom wall and top wall so as to define a generally box shape configuration. Thetop wall 14 also includes a tubular excess liner material orchute 19 located closely adjacent the rear wall 16 and which includes atubular filling fitment 20 with afitment cap 21. The liner L also has a cylindrical, tubular, hose content inlet/outlet port orbottom fitment 23, having afitment cap 24, which extends through theliner bottom wall 13 orside wall 15 adjacent the bottom wall. A vacuum hose VH may be coupled to the bottom fitment in fluid communication with the interior space of the liner to aid in the extraction of the material within the liner. - The liner's box shape can be described generally as a rectangular prism, although it should be understood that due to the nature of flexible materials the walls follow the shape of the container. Furthermore, flexibility of the plastic material enables the walls to collapse during dispensing without interference. The liner body may be made of a plastic sheet or film material such as a polyethylene film.
- The
wringing device 10 includes an exterior shell orhousing 30 having abottom half 31 and atop half 32 which define an internal cavity orcompartment 39 which houses the internal mechanical components of thewringing device 10. The housing is also divided between amotor portion 34 and ahandle portion 35 which are removably coupled to each other though a pair oflatches 36 which enable themotor portion 34 to be moved away from or separated from the handle portion. Thehousing motor portion 34 forms ahandle 38. Thehousing 30 also defines a central liner compression hole, pathway orchannel 40 partially defined by both the motor portion and the handle portion through which the liner passes during initial use of thewringing device 10. Thehousing 30 has a metalbottom support plate 42, which may be considered part of the housing and centralliner compression channel 40, coupled to thehousing bottom half 31 for mounting the mechanical components described hereinafter. The bottom support plate is also divided into a motor portion associated with the motor portion of the housing and a handle portion associated with the handle portion of the housing. The bottom support plate includes a substantially enclosedcentral opening 43 aligned along thecentral channel 40. - The wringing
device 10 internal mechanical components are utilized to draw the liner L through the wringingdevice 10 thereby forcing the material or contents within the liner towards the bottom of the liner, or more precisely, to move the wringing device downwardly along the emptied or wrung portion of the liner as the material is extracted, thereby maintaining the material within the bottom portion of the liner. The mechanical components include adrive assembly 44 formed by fourelastomeric rollers 45, such as neoprene rollers, positioned so that the outer orperipheral contact surfaces 50 of the rollers are aligned generally vertically to and tangentially with, adjacent to, or along thecentral channel 40, i.e., the four rollers are each positioned so that the outer circumference orcontact surface 50 of the roller is vertically positioned along thecentral channel 40 so that they each contact and engage a portion of the liner as it passes through the central pathway. The fourrollers 45 are oriented in a cross or + shaped configuration so that both pairs of oppositely disposed rollers squeeze the liner there between, which prevents the material from being squeezed sideways within the liner thereby avoiding being squeezed downwardly. In other words, the first roller is generally axially parallel to the oppositely disposed third roller, while the second roller is generally axially parallel to the oppositely disposed fourth roller, with the first and third rollers being generally axially perpendicular to the second and fourth rollers. Opposite pairs of rollers may be considered to be pairs of generally axially parallel aligned rollers. The term axially parallel and axially perpendicular is intended to mean an alignment with reference to an imaginary line extending along the axis of the roller or generally along the drive shaft/axle supporting the roller. - The four
rollers 45 consist of afirst roller 46, asecond roller 47, athird roller 48 and afourth roller 49. Thefirst roller 46 is mounted to a first drive shaft/axle 51 which also includes afirst bevel gear 52 and asecond bevel gear 53. The first drive shaft/axle 51 is mounted to thebottom support plate 42 through a firstroller support block 55 and a secondroller support block 56, through which the first drive shaft/axle 51 is journalled. The end of the first drive shaft/axle 51 is coupled to a pneumaticair gear motor 57 which rotatably drives the first drive shaft/axle 51. The pneumaticair gear motor 57 is coupled to a source of pressurized air through apressure line 58 andpressure regulator 59. The pneumaticair gear motor 57 may be a Ingersoll-Rand model number #41007RVR188BR6 with a starting torque of 76.5 lg/ft, a stall torque of 102 lb/ft, a speed max power of 47 rpm, and a max air consumption of 33 scfm. - The
second roller 47 is mounted to a second drive shaft/axle 61 which also includes athird bevel gear 62 and afourth bevel gear 63 and is rotatably coupled to a third rollershaft support block 64. Thethird bevel gear 62 is configured to mesh with thefirst bevel gear 52 of the first drive shaft/axle 51 so that rotation of thefirst bevel gear 52 drives the rotation of thethird bevel gear 62, which in turn rotates thefourth bevel gear 63, thesecond drive shaft 61, and the associatedsecond roller 47. - The
third roller 48 is mounted to a third drive shaft/axle 66 which also includes afifth bevel gear 67 and is rotatably coupled to a fourth rollershaft support block 68 and the first rollershaft support block 55. Thefifth bevel gear 67 is configured to mesh with thefourth bevel gear 63 so that rotation of thefourth bevel gear 63 drives the rotation of thefifth bevel gear 67, which in turn drives the rotation of thethird drive shaft 66 and the associatedthird roller 48. - The
fourth roller 49 is mounted to a fourth drive shaft/axle 70 which also includes asixth bevel gear 71 and is rotatably coupled to the second and fourth roller shaft support blocks 56 and 68. Thesixth bevel gear 71 is configured to mesh with thesecond bevel gear 53 so that rotation of thesecond bevel gear 53 drives the rotation of thesixth bevel gear 71, which in turn drives the rotation of the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 and the associatedfourth roller 49. - Thus, the first, second, third and fourth drive shafts are linked together for simultaneous rotational movement through their respective bevel gears with rotation of the first drive shaft which is forcible driven through the actuation of the pneumatic
air gear motor 57. This simultaneous rotation of the four drive shafts transfers or translates to similar simultaneous rotational movement of the fourrollers 45 coupled to the drive shafts. The placement and configuration of the bevel gears enables each of the fourrollers 45 to rotate at the same speed in an upward direction (synchronic motion) at a location tangential to thecentral channel 40. - It should be understood that one of more of the drive shafts may be coupled to an in-line latching mechanism, such as
latches 36, which when opened disengages and moves one of the drive shafts or rollers outwardly to facilitate the passage of thetop filling fitment 20 andchute 19 through thecentral channel 40 during initial placement of the liner through the wringingdevice 10. As shown inFIG. 5 , the in-line latching mechanism is preferably associated with and for movement of the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 as the second and fourth support blocks, 56 and 68 respectively, associated with the fourth drive shaft/axle 70 are mounted to the bottom support plate of thehandle portion 35 so that these support blocks may slide along the extended length of the first and third drive shaft/axles shown in the drawings. As a safety measure, the in-line latching mechanism may prevent the airline to theair gear motor 57 from being attached when in an unlatched position. - The wringing
device 10 also includes four curved guide or glide blocks 73, each of which is positioned between and adjacent to each pair of adjacent rollers. The ends of the glide blocks 73 are positioned close to the roller to aid in ensuring proper alignment of the roller and to prevent the gathering of the liner between adjacent rollers during use. - In use, the chute or
liner spout 19 and top fillingfitment 20 are passed through thecentral channel 40 of the wringingdevice 10 until the wringingdevice 10 rests upon thetop wall 14 of the liner, as shown inFIG. 1 . The housing latches 36 may be unlatched to allow limited separation between themotor portion 34 and thehandle portion 35 to allow the fourth drive shaft/axle to be moved to increase the size of the centralliner compression channel 40 and opening during initial mounting of the liner, as shown inFIG. 5 , i.e., the fourth roller and fourth drive shaft axle is movable between a first portion close to the opening and fully closed central liner compression channel and a second position distal the opening and fully closed central compression channel. The motor portion and handle portion are returned to their latched position once the liner is properly positioned but prior to actuation of theair gear motor 57. The compressed air is then provided to the pneumaticair gear motor 57 throughpressure line 58 andregulator 59, the wringingdevice 10 is thus turned on when the pressurized air is supplied to the air gear motor. With the actuation of the wringingdevice 10 theair gear motor 57 rotates the first drive shaft/axle 51, which through the meshing of bevel gears causes the mutual rotation of the second, third, and fourth drive shafts/axles rollers liner compression channel 40, thereby driving the wringingdevice 10 downwardly against the filled portion of the liner, as shown inFIG. 6 which illustrates a liner which is approximately half evacuated. The downward movement of the device causes the liner to be forced against the confining centralliner compression channel 40 thereby squeezing the liner and forcing the liner content downwardly as the device moves along the length (height) of the liner, i.e., the central liner compression channel squeezes or wrings the liner as it passes therethrough. Because of the confined space of the central channel and the squeezing action of the rollers upon the liner as it passes between the rollers, the material within the liner approaching the wringingdevice 10 is forced downwardly along the un-wrung portion of the liner resulting in the near complete evacuation of material from the wrung portion, as shown in phantom lines inFIG. 6 . - Should the wringing
device 10 sense or fail to overcome a predetermined level of resistance or pulling of the liner, the air gear motor automatically deactivates or stalls to stop the rotation of the rollers. This stalling may occur when the evacuation of the liner contents ceases or slows to a certain level for any reason. This may be accomplished through the regulation of the air pressure level supplied to the air gear motor, as the air gear motor simply provides a select amount of torque upon the rollers commensurate with the air pressure supplied to it, i.e., when the resistance provide by the liner upon the rollers reaches a certain level which cannot overcome the roller torque the air gear motor simply stops or stalls until the liner tension on the rollers reaches a level below the roller torque level of the air gear motor and the roller rotation resumes. The liner tension reduces as material is discharged from the liner through thebottom fitment 23 and the liner thereby loosens or relaxes. - As the contents of the liner are expelled through the
bottom fitment 23, either by gravity or by a vacuum, the wringingdevice 10 continually draws the excess liner through the centralliner compression channel 40 through rotation of the four rollers. The gathering and compression of the liner through the central liner compression channel and the four direction gathering and compressing or squeezing action of the four rollers upon the liner passing through thecentral channel 40 ensures a near complete evacuation of the liner as any residual material clinging to the liner is forced downward as it approaches the four rollers. Once the wringing device has reached the end of the liner, the liner may pass completely through the central channel or the latch is opened and the roller drive shaft disengaged to allow the liner to pass completely through the central channel. Once the liner passes completely through the wringingdevice 10 very little material should remain within the liner as the material has been pushed downwardly and through the bottom fitment. - As an alternative, the liner may be voided of all but the last residual material prior to activating the wringing device. This delay in actuation of the device also decreases the pressure at which the motor operates as it does not have to expel the material to such a large degree.
- It should be understood that the just described wringing
device 10 provides for a device which is easily portable and removable so that it may be moved between different devices easily and quickly. - It should be understood that the term central, as in central or compression channel, is not intended to denote an exact location in the center and is instead intended to denote a channel that is located within the confines of a periphery. Also, it should be understood that the central channel and/or
central opening 43 are considered substantially “enclosed” as they do not include a gap which is large enough for a portion of the liner to become entrapped within the gap. As such, even though the support plate and housing are actually divided, the openings or channels therein are considered to be substantially enclosed. - It should also be understood that the numeric terms used herein, such as first, second, third, etc., are intended for reference to the drawings and may not represent the exact same elements numerically contained or enumerated within the claims.
- It should be noted that the liner may be made of a material having a somewhat tacky exterior surface, such as from a film of metallocene resin, to maximize the gripping effect or pulling on the rollers upon the liner. The liner may also be made of different thicknesses of material. For example, the front wall 12,
bottom wall 13,top wall 14 and back wall may be made of a 4 mil, 2 ply material while theside walls 15 are made of a 3.2 mil, 2 ply material. The difference in the wall thicknesses aid in maintaining a constant pull of the liner through the wringing device by decreasing the wall thickness as the amount of liner material increases through the wringing device, i.e., to compensate for a larger amount of material (more square inches of material) passing through the wringing device the thickness of the material decreases to maintain a desired total amount or volume of material passing therethrough. The increase in material amount (more square inches) is a result of the geometry of the liner wherein more material is present within the wringing device as the middle portion of the liner passes through the wringing device compared to the corners or corner adjacent areas of the liner passing through the wringing device, as shown inFIG. 15 and described in more detail hereinafter. - As shown in
FIGS. 7-10 , the wringing device may be mounted to aportable hand truck 80. Thehand truck 80 is pushed into position engaging the container, as seen inFIG. 7 . A constant pull pulling ortensioning device 81 having atensioning cable 82 is coupled to thechute 19 to provide an even pull upon the chute as the liner contents are emptied, seeFIGS. 8-9 . Once the liner is emptied, the wringing device is remounted upon thehand truck 80, as shown inFIG. 10 . - With reference next to the liner L itself, the liner has unique features which enable it to be better utilized with a wringing device.
- The liner L may include a gap-filler or
filler strip 70 of foam material extending upwardly from a position closely adjacent the outlet fitment. The filler strip may be a 1.2 pound/foot, closed cell polyethylene material, which acts to provide material volume when the liner is in a compressed or gathered condition passing through the device. Thefiller strip 70 is mounted, preferably by adhesive, to the front wall 12 directly over and closely adjacent theoutlet fitment 23. Thefiller strip 70 may taper along at least a majority of the strip's longitudinal length or height so as to increase its lateral width as it approaches the outlet fitment 23 (extends from the top wall towards the bottom wall), thereby increasing the material volume of strip material. - The purpose of the
filler strip 70 is to provide bulk or additional material volume to this portion of the liner so that the amount or volume of material passing through the wringing device does not significantly decrease as the wringing device approaches theoutlet fitment 23 at the conclusion of the wringing process. A significant decrease in material volume could cause the wringing device to slip upon the liner and thereby prevent the liner from being pulled through the wringing device. - As shown in
FIGS. 13-15 , the liner L may also include a top fitment 78 (inlet) which is positioned directly to thetop wall 14 close to or closely adjacent the rear wall 16 as opposed to the previous embodiment wherein the combination chute and fitment (inlet) is positioned closely adjacent the rear wall. Here again, the purpose of the rearward location of thefitment 78, orchute 74, is to improve the geometry of the liner and the resulting pulling through the wringing device. - As best shown in
FIG. 15 , with thefitment 20 in a central location the “run” or the length of material from thefitment 20 to theoutlet fitment 23 along the equatorial front side of the liner is length L1. This length L1 is much shorter than the run or length of material from a centrally mountedfitment 20 to theoutlet fitment 23 along the equatorial backside of the liner represented by length L2. This difference in lengths (L1 and L2) causes the front side of the liner to be pulled through the wringing device long prior to the backside of the liner being pulled through. This results in excess material along the backside of the liner not being pulled completely through the wringing device. - It has been discovered that by placing the
fitment 78 or chute closely adjacent the rear wall 16, and generally diagonally opposite theoutlet fitment 23, the new equatorial front run or length L3 is essentially equal to the new equatorial rear run or length L4 or at least much closer to being equivalent when compared to a centrally positioned top fitment (L1 and L2). The term diagonally opposite is intended to denote a position opposite from the outlet fitment diagonally across the volume of the filled rectangular prism configuration of the liner, as shown generally inFIG. 15 . As the run lengths of material (L3 and L4) are generally equivalent, both lengths pass through and finish through the wringing device at essentially the same time, thereby providing a better expulsion of material from the liner. - It should be understood that the filling
fitment 20,top fitment 78 andchute 19 or fitment/chute combination may all be considered to be an inlet, as used herein and specifically the claims. Furthermore, the fitments may be mounted to any wall so long as they are generally diagonally opposite each other close to the corner or joinder of the top wall or bottom wall with a side wall. For example, the outlet fitment may be mounted to the bottom wall rather than the front wall, or to any of the other side walls or end walls described herein so long as the inlet fitment is also mounted diagonally opposite therefrom. - It should also be understood that the
outlet fitment 23 may be designed to include a thin layer of plastic or the like to seal the fitment. The plastic seal may be perforated by the connector or hose configured to mate with the outlet fitment to allow the flow of contents from the line. - It should be understood that the
liner body 23 may be of any conventional construction, such as that shown in the preferred embodiment, a gusseted design, a pillow design, or a tapered design sometimes referred to in the industry as a bottleneck design. - It thus is seen that a liner design to allow for a device for extracting material from inside a liner is now provided which overcomes problems associated with such devices of the prior art. While this invention has been described in detail with particular references to the preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that many modifications, additions and deletions, in addition to those expressly recited, may be made thereto without departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/244,609 US20170225885A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-08-23 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
PCT/US2017/017211 WO2017139479A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2017-02-09 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201662293599P | 2016-02-10 | 2016-02-10 | |
US15/244,609 US20170225885A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-08-23 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20170225885A1 true US20170225885A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
Family
ID=59496124
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/244,623 Active 2037-10-15 US10822161B2 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-08-23 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
US15/244,609 Abandoned US20170225885A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-08-23 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
US16/528,721 Active 2038-05-10 US11697549B2 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2019-08-01 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/244,623 Active 2037-10-15 US10822161B2 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-08-23 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
Family Applications After (1)
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US16/528,721 Active 2038-05-10 US11697549B2 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2019-08-01 | Flexible container liner wringing device and liner |
Country Status (2)
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US (3) | US10822161B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017139479A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11524840B2 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | Mega-inliner International Group B.v. | Liquid stabilizing inliner for a tank container |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6156077B2 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2017-07-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle control device |
US11261027B2 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2022-03-01 | ASK Chemicals LLC | Lining sock for foundry molding mix chute |
DE202018106355U1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-02-11 | Tps Rental Systems Ltd. | Device for emptying a flexible liner |
ES2717378B2 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-10-24 | Pusa Pack S L | EMPTYING DEVICE FOR FLUID CONTAINER FLEXIBLE BAGS |
CN113942742A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-18 | 上海鸿研物流技术有限公司 | Fluid discharge system and auxiliary discharge device thereof |
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US3965953A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1976-06-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Flexible container for wine and fruit-juice |
US4934654A (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1990-06-19 | Shippers Paper Products Company | Valve for bulk container |
US6467652B2 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-10-22 | A. R. Arena Products, Inc. | Discharge of pumpable material from shipper bags |
US9346612B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2016-05-24 | Cdf Corporation | Flexible liner for FIBC or bag-in-box container systems |
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US4980936A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1991-01-01 | Frickland Peter O | Closed cell foam ground pad and methods for making same |
EP0358053B1 (en) | 1988-09-08 | 1995-07-19 | Sotralentz S.A. | Container assembly for the transport and storage of liquid or powdery products |
US6427873B2 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-08-06 | A. R. Arena Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing evacuation of bulk material shipper bags |
AP1295A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2004-09-03 | Lance John Muller | Liner bag for flexible bulk container. |
US20060078412A1 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Rapco L.L.C. | Apparatus for storing material |
EP2117994A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2009-11-18 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Prevention of liner choke-off in liner-based pressure dispensation system |
WO2011006146A2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Substantially rigid collapsible liner and flexible gusseted or non-gusseted liners and methods of manufacturing the same and methods for limiting choke-off in liners |
US9695545B2 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-07-04 | Gwynn J. Goble | Mountable lint vacuum device and non-marring nozzle |
-
2016
- 2016-08-23 US US15/244,623 patent/US10822161B2/en active Active
- 2016-08-23 US US15/244,609 patent/US20170225885A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2017
- 2017-02-09 WO PCT/US2017/017211 patent/WO2017139479A1/en active Application Filing
-
2019
- 2019-08-01 US US16/528,721 patent/US11697549B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
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US3965953A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1976-06-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Flexible container for wine and fruit-juice |
US4934654A (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1990-06-19 | Shippers Paper Products Company | Valve for bulk container |
US6467652B2 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2002-10-22 | A. R. Arena Products, Inc. | Discharge of pumpable material from shipper bags |
US9346612B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2016-05-24 | Cdf Corporation | Flexible liner for FIBC or bag-in-box container systems |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11524840B2 (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | Mega-inliner International Group B.v. | Liquid stabilizing inliner for a tank container |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10822161B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
US20170225882A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
US11697549B2 (en) | 2023-07-11 |
US20190352088A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
WO2017139479A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
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