US20170072529A1 - Surface grinding method for workpiece and surface grinder - Google Patents

Surface grinding method for workpiece and surface grinder Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170072529A1
US20170072529A1 US15/236,667 US201615236667A US2017072529A1 US 20170072529 A1 US20170072529 A1 US 20170072529A1 US 201615236667 A US201615236667 A US 201615236667A US 2017072529 A1 US2017072529 A1 US 2017072529A1
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Prior art keywords
grinding
cut
speed
load
grinding wheel
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Abandoned
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US15/236,667
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazuhiro YUSOU
Yoshihiro KURIOKA
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JTEKT Machine Systems Corp
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Koyo Machine Industries Co Ltd
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Assigned to KOYO MACHINE INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. reassignment KOYO MACHINE INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KURIOKA, YOSHIHIRO, YUSOU, KAZUHIRO
Publication of US20170072529A1 publication Critical patent/US20170072529A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B7/228—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain for grinding thin, brittle parts, e.g. semiconductors, wafers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/006—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
    • B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surface grinding method for a workpiece and a surface grinder for surface-grinding a workpiece.
  • a load current of a grinding wheel spindle drive motor is monitored, while the grinding wheel at the distal end of a grinding wheel spindle is caused to cut in at a predetermined cut-in speed to perform in-feed grinding of the workpiece on a rotating table, and when the load current of the grinding wheel spindle drive motor exceeds a predetermined threshold due to loading of the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel is withdrawn to interrupt grinding, and the grinding wheel is then again caused to cut in into contact with the workpiece to thereby promote self-sharpening of the grinding wheel (Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2006-35406
  • the grinding wheel is caused to cut in at a predetermined cut-in speed, on the other hand, the grinding wheel is once withdrawn to interrupt grinding when loading occurs in the grinding wheel during grinding, and the grinding wheel is thereafter again caused to cut in to promote self-sharpening of the grinding wheel. Therefore, not only can the workpiece not be ground in a high-load state with high grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel, but as a result of the grinding cycle being prolonged, it has also been difficult to efficiently grind the workpiece in a short time.
  • Conventional grinding methods other than the grinding method of Patent Document 1 also include a grinding method of causing the grinding wheel to cut in at a constant cut-in speed with respect to the workpiece, and a grinding method (hereinafter, referred to as a common grinding method) of varying the feed speed sequentially in a speed reducing direction according to a cutting-in feed amount of the grinding wheel for a rough grinding feed, a semi-finish grinding feed, and a finish grinding feed while performing grinding.
  • a grinding method of causing the grinding wheel to cut in at a constant cut-in speed with respect to the workpiece and a grinding method (hereinafter, referred to as a common grinding method) of varying the feed speed sequentially in a speed reducing direction according to a cutting-in feed amount of the grinding wheel for a rough grinding feed, a semi-finish grinding feed, and a finish grinding feed while performing grinding.
  • the abrasion loss of the grinding wheel, the removal amount of the workpiece, and the cut-in amount of the grinding wheel may lose balance during grinding to lead to a sudden rise in grinding load or abrasion of only the grinding wheel in some cases, and it has been difficult to efficiently and stably grind the workpiece in a high-load state with excellent grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel.
  • the present invention aims at providing a surface grinding method for a workpiece and a surface grinder capable of efficiently grinding a workpiece of a hard brittle material or others at a moderate high load and capable of preventing damage to the workpiece and/or grinding wheel and further to the machine due to a sudden rise etc., in grinding load, and moreover capable of reducing grinding wheel abrasion loss.
  • a surface grinding method for a workpiece according to an aspect of the present invention is, when surface-grinding a workpiece by a grinding wheel, monitoring a grinding load while reducing the grinding wheel in cut-in speed with a rise in the grinding load.
  • a surface grinding method for a workpiece is, when surface-grinding a workpiece by a grinding wheel, monitoring a grinding load while reducing the grinding wheel in cut-in speed when the grinding load rises and increasing the cut-in speed when the grinding load falls.
  • respective cut-in speeds with which the grinding wheel has a slower cut-in speed at a larger grinding load may have been set in a manner corresponding to a plurality of respective load thresholds of the grinding load, and after starting grinding at a predetermined speed, the grinding wheel may be decelerated or accelerated to a corresponding cut-in speed every time the grinding load rises or falls to a predetermined load threshold.
  • a returning load threshold higher than a maximum load threshold at cut-in time of the grinding wheel may have been set, and the grinding wheel may be returned at a predetermined return speed while grinding when the grinding load exceeds the returning load threshold.
  • a cut-in and return of the grinding wheel may be repeated before spark-out.
  • the grinding wheel When the grinding load exceeds a load threshold for implementation of a speed limit, even if the grinding load thereafter falls to a load threshold of a predetermined cut-in speed, the grinding wheel may be caused to cut in at a limit cut-in speed slower than the predetermined cut-in speed, that is, the cut-in speed may not be made faster than the limit cut-in speed.
  • a surface grinder is a surface grinder which in-feed grinds a workpiece by a grinding wheel, and includes a grinding load measuring means that measures a grinding load of the grinding wheel during grinding, a speed setting means in which a plurality of grinding wheel cut-in speeds are set corresponding to a plurality of load thresholds, and a speed control means that compares the grinding load during grinding with a load threshold while accelerating or decelerating the grinding wheel, on the basis of each load threshold, at a cut-in speed corresponding to each load threshold so that the grinding wheel is reduced or increased in cut-in speed with a rise or fall in the grinding load.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a surface grinder showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main portion of the same.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control system of the same.
  • FIG. 4 is a speed table of the same.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a grinding operation of the same.
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing changes in grinding load etc., of the same.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a control system showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a grinding operation of the same.
  • FIG. 9 is a speed table of the same.
  • FIG. 10 is a view showing changes in grinding load of the same.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a control system showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a first speed table of the same.
  • FIG. 13 is a second speed table of the same.
  • FIG. 14 is a speed table showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 includes waveform diagrams of speed changes of the same.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 illustrate the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a surface grinder 2 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is used.
  • the surface grinder 2 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • a rotating table 3 on an upper surface of which a workpiece W is detachably mounted
  • a workpiece drive means 4 such as a motor that drives the rotating table 3 so as to rotate about a vertical axis center in an arrow a direction
  • a grinding wheel spindle 5 vertically movably arranged over the rotating table 3
  • a grinding wheel drive means 6 such as a motor that drives the grinding wheel spindle 5 so as to rotate about a vertical axis center in an arrow b direction
  • the grinding wheel 1 that is detachably mounted at the lower end of the grinding wheel spindle 5 and surface-grinds the workpiece W on the rotating table 3 by a rotation in the arrow b direction
  • a grinding wheel feed means 7 that feeds the grinding wheel 1 via the grinding wheel spindle 5 in a cutting-in direction c and a returning direction d that are vertical directions.
  • the rotating direction of the rotating table 3 and the grinding wheel 1 is arbitrary.
  • FIG. 3 shows a control system that controls grinding operation of the surface grinder 2 .
  • the control system has, for example, a sizing control means 10 and a grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 , besides an NC means 9 that controls a common grinding operation related to in-feed grinding of the surface grinder 2 .
  • the sizing control means 10 measures the dimensions of a workpiece W during grinding by a size measuring means 12 , and performs control so as to issue a spark-out instruction to the grinding wheel feed means 7 when it has reached a predetermined spark-out period in order to finish the workpiece W with a predetermined dimensional accuracy by spark-out.
  • the grinding wheel feed means 7 if a spark-out instruction is received, stops feeding the grinding wheel spindle 5 so that the grinding wheel 1 continues machining of the workpiece W at that position.
  • a spark-out instruction may be issued when a predetermined cut-in amount is reached from the start of grinding of the workpiece W or when a predetermined time has elapsed.
  • the grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 is for monitoring a grinding load during grinding of the workpiece W while controlling the cut-in and return of the grinding wheel 1 so as to efficiently grind the workpiece W at a moderate high load of high grinding efficiency, and has a function of reducing the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 with a rise in grinding load, a function of repeating a cut-in and return of the grinding wheel 1 when the grinding load has risen to near an upper limit, and a function of accelerating the grinding wheel 1 with a fall in grinding load.
  • the grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 specifically has a grinding load measuring means 13 that measures a grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 during grinding, a speed setting means 14 that sets a cut-in speed or return speed of the grinding wheel 1 for each load threshold, and a speed control means 15 that controls the grinding wheel feed means 7 , through a comparison of an actual grinding load during grinding with a load threshold, at a cut-in speed or return speed set by the speed setting means 14 according to an increase or decrease in the grinding load.
  • the grinding load measuring means 13 is structured so as to measure a grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 during grinding according to a change in a current or power flowing in the grinding wheel drive means 6 or torque, etc.
  • the speed setting means 14 has such a speed table as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • load thresholds L1 to L7 (N ⁇ m) at which grinding load increases in stages and cut-in speeds V0 to V7 (mm/min) that increase or decrease in stages corresponding to the respective load thresholds L1 to L7 (N ⁇ m) are set for each operation of a high-speed cut-in, a fast cut-in, an intermediate cut-in, a slow cut-in, a slow return, an intermediate return, a fast return, and an emergency return.
  • the high-speed cut-in is a cut-in when the grinding wheel 1 contacts the workpiece W and starts grinding, and its high-speed cut-in speed V0 is set to 0.5 (mm/min).
  • the emergency return is set to a return speed V7 (full speed) for the load threshold L7.
  • the respective load thresholds L1 to L7 are, as illustrated in FIG. 6 in terms of the load thresholds L1 to L4, in a relationship of a sequential increase from the load threshold L1 to the load threshold L7.
  • the cut-in speeds V0 to V3 and the return speeds V4 to V7 of the grinding wheel 1 corresponding to the respective load thresholds L1 to L7 of the grinding load are predetermined by experimentation or the like so that the grinding wheel 1 can efficiently grind the workpiece W in a moderate high-load state with high grinding efficiency in consideration of the combination of the material and size of the workpiece W, the grinding wheel 1 , the surface grinder 2 , etc.
  • the high-speed cut-in, fast cut-in, intermediate cut-in, and slow cut-in decrease in speed in the cutting-in direction in stages to the cut-in speeds V1 to V3 as the grinding load increases in stages to the load thresholds L1 to L3.
  • the slow return, intermediate return, fast return, and emergency return increase in speed in the returning direction in stages to the return speeds V4 to V7 as the grinding load increases in stages to the load thresholds L4 to L7.
  • the return speeds V4 to V7 of the grinding wheel 1 at which the grinding wheel 1 moves in the direction reverse to the cutting-in direction, can therefore be said to decrease in stages from the slow return to the emergency return if the grinding wheel 1 is on the basis of the cutting-in direction.
  • the load threshold L4 for slow return time is higher, and when a slow cut-in and a slow return are repeated multiple times before spark-out after exceeding the load threshold L3, the grinding wheel 1 is switched between the slow cut-in and slow return on the basis of the load threshold L4 in such a manner as to, for example, perform a slow cut-in of the grinding wheel 1 when the grinding load is equal to the load threshold L3 or more and less than the load threshold L4 and perform a slow return of the grinding wheel 1 when the grinding load is equal to the load threshold L4 or more.
  • In-feed grinding of the workpiece W by the surface grinder 2 is performed through control of the NC means 9 .
  • the grinding wheel feed means 7 first feeds the grinding wheel spindle 5 in the cutting-in direction at a high-speed feed speed faster than the high-speed cut-in speed V0 until immediately before the grinding wheel 1 contacts the workpiece W.
  • dimensions of the workpiece W are measured by the size measuring means 12 (S2), a grinding load is measured by the grinding load measuring means 13 (S3), and the sizing control means 10 judges whether or not it is in a spark-out period (S4).
  • Feeding the grinding wheel spindle 5 at a high-speed feed speed faster than the high-speed cut-in speed V0 until the grinding wheel 1 contacts the workpiece W and reducing the feed speed to the high-speed cut-in speed V0 immediately before the grinding wheel 1 contacts the workpiece W allows reducing air cut time to efficiently shift to grinding of the workpiece W.
  • the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 is reduced from the fast cut-in speed V1 to the intermediate cut-in speed V2 for intermediate cut-in (S10), and the grinding wheel 1 is caused to cut in at that intermediate cut-in speed V2.
  • the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 is reduced from the intermediate cut-in speed V2 to the slow cut-in speed V3 for slow cut-in (S12), and the grinding wheel 1 is caused to cut in at that slow cut-in speed V3 while continuing the grinding of the workpiece W.
  • grinding is started at the fast high-speed cut-in speed V0, and while the grinding load then rises from the load threshold L1 through the load threshold L2 up to the load threshold L3 or more, the grinding wheel 1 is decelerated in stages to the cut-in speeds V1 to V3 while being caused to cut in forward.
  • the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 is increased with the fall in grinding load.
  • the grinding wheel 1 When the grinding load rises during grinding at the slow cut-in speed V3 to become equal to the load threshold L4 or more and less than the load threshold L5 (S11, S13), the grinding wheel 1 is returned by a slow return at the slow return speed V4 switched from the slow cut-in at the slow cut-in speed V3 while continuing the grinding of the workpiece W (S14). Also, when the grinding load becomes less than the load threshold L4 during grinding by the slow return (S1), the grinding wheel 1 is caused to cut in slowly by a slow cut-in at the slow cut-in speed V3 switched from the slow return at the slow return speed V4 (S12).
  • the grinding wheel 1 when the grinding of the workpiece W proceeds until the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 reaches a high load region near the load threshold L4, the grinding wheel 1 thereafter performs a slow cut-in and a slow return one time or multiple times by repetition at loads higher or lower than the load threshold L3, L4 while continuing later-stage grinding of the workpiece W.
  • the sizing control means 10 is also reading in the dimensions of the workpiece W in the meantime, and when it reaches a spark-out period where the dimensions are close to those of a predetermined finishing accuracy (S4), the grinding wheel feed means 7 stops moving the grinding wheel 1 based on a spark-out instruction from the sizing control means 10 , and spark-out is performed in which the grinding wheel 1 grinds the workpiece W at the stop position (S21). Then, the grinding is terminated when the workpiece W has reached the finish dimensions due to the spark-out (S22).
  • the grinding wheel 1 when the grinding load becomes equal to the load threshold L5 or more and less than the load threshold L6 during grinding by the slow return (S13, S15), the grinding wheel 1 is returned at the intermediate return speed V5 while continuing the grinding (S16), and further when the grinding load becomes equal to the load threshold L6 or more and less than the load threshold L7 during that intermediate return (S15, S17), the grinding wheel 1 is returned at the fast return speed V6 while continuing the grinding (S18).
  • a high-speed cut-in of the grinding wheel 1 is started at the high-speed cut-in speed V0, followed by monitoring variation in the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 , while reducing the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 , with a sequential rise in the grinding load from the load threshold L1 through the load threshold L2 to the load threshold L3, sequentially from that of a high-speed cut-in to that of a fast cut-in, and from that of a fast cut-in to that of an intermediate cut-in, and from that of an intermediate cut-in to that of a slow cut in.
  • the speed at which the workpiece W is gradually ground by the grinding wheel 1 and the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 become no longer coincident with each other as the grinding proceeds, which causes grinding burrs on the workpiece W side to result in an abnormal rise in the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 .
  • continuing the grinding remaining in the high-speed cutting-in state results in an excessively large load to be applied to the workpiece W to cause a problem such as splitting of the workpiece W.
  • the grinding load is monitored, while the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 is reduced with an increase in grinding load, and therefore, such a case as to the application of an excessively large load on the workpiece W can be prevented.
  • the grinding wheel 1 is switched to a slow return if the grinding load rises to L4 during grinding by a slow cut-in after the grinding load rises to the load threshold L3 or more, the workpiece W is ground in a high-load state with the slow cut-in and the slow return being repeated. Therefore, there is no such case that the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 continues rising to apply an excessively large load on the workpiece W, and the grinding can be continued at a moderate high load of high grinding efficiency.
  • FIG. 6 shows changes in the grinding load and dimensions of workpieces W when the workpieces W were actually ground.
  • A is a grinding load curve showing changes in grinding load from the start of grinding to the end of spark-out in the case of the present invention
  • B is a dimensional curve showing changes in the dimensions of the workpiece W in that case.
  • A1 is a grinding load curve in the case of conventional common grinding
  • B1 is a dimensional curve showing changes in the dimensions of the workpiece W in that case.
  • the grinding wheel 1 is sequentially decelerated while causing cut-in in an order of a high-speed cut-in, a fast cut-in, an intermediate cut-in, and a slow cut-in on the basis of the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 every time the grinding load reaches a predetermined load threshold, and a slow cut-in and a slow return are repeated a few times to shift to spark-out.
  • the self-sharpening effect of abrasive grains can therefore be promoted by a rise in the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 , it is possible to grind the workpiece W in a short time with high grinding efficiency, and grinding can be efficiently performed in a grinding cycle shorter than that of conventional common grinding.
  • the grinding time with the present invention can be reduced to on the order of approximately 2 ⁇ 3 compared with that in the case of conventional common grinding, which proves that efficient grinding is possible.
  • the present invention because grinding is efficiently performed at a high load of high grinding efficiency, a rise in grinding temperature can be prevented as compared with the case of common grinding in which grinding is performed at a low grinding load.
  • FIG. 7 to FIG. 10 illustrate the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 of the present embodiment has a speed limit implementing function, and as shown in FIG. 7 , includes a speed limit implementation means 14 A, besides a grinding load measuring means 13 , a speed setting means 14 , and a speed control means 15 that are the same as with the first embodiment.
  • the grinding load is compared with the load threshold L1 (S28), if less than the load threshold L1, the cut-in speed V0 for a high-speed cut-in is employed (S29).
  • the cut-in speed V1 for a fast cut-in is employed (S31).
  • the cut-in speed V2 for an intermediate cut-in is employed (S33).
  • the slow cut-in speed V3 for a slow cut-in is employed (S35).
  • the grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 is being compared with the load threshold LA for the time of speed limit implementation (S37), and the process returns to step S2 if it is less than the load threshold LA.
  • the grinding load does not fall during grinding by a slow return and the grinding load temporarily rises for some cause to the load threshold LA for the time of speed limit implementation or more (S37)
  • the speed limit implementing function of the speed limit implementation means 14 A then works.
  • control is performed so as not to cause the grinding wheel 1 cut in at a speed faster than the limit cut-in speed V ⁇ even when the grinding load falls after exceeding the load threshold LA for the time of speed limit implementation, but in the case of returning the grinding wheel 1 as well, a limit return speed V1 may be set so as not to cause a return at a return speed faster than the limit return speed V ⁇ , after the grinding load exceeds a certain load threshold LB, even if there is such a case that the grinding load thereafter falls to nearly above the load threshold L4.
  • FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 illustrate the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 of the present embodiment has a table selection means 16 capable of appropriately selecting a speed table stored in the speed setting means 14 , and configured so that the speed control means 15 controls the grinding wheel feed means 7 according to the table selected by the table selection means 16 .
  • Examples of the tables stored in the speed setting means 14 include a first speed table T1 shown in FIG. 12 and a second speed table T2 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the table selection means 16 is not only capable of individually selecting the first speed table T1 and the second speed table T2, but also capable of selecting a joint table for which both speed tables T1 and T2 are joined in part.
  • the joint table is a single speed table for which a front-behind relationship of the first speed table T1 and the second speed table T2 is selected and a speed table changing load when changing from that one of the speed table T1 or the speed table T2 to another of the second table T2 or the speed table T1 is set to a load threshold appropriately and which is configured so as to join both speed tables T1 and T2 in a manner changed in the front-behind relationship at the speed table changing load, for switching from the one of the speed table T1 or the speed table T2 to another of the second table T2 or the speed table T1 at the speed table changing load.
  • a single speed table for which a first half of the first speed table T1 up to the load threshold L3 and a second half of the second speed table T2 from the load threshold L3 onward are joined can be configured.
  • the grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 monitors a change in grinding load while respectively controlling the cut-in speeds of the grinding wheel 1 according to the joint table by its speed control means 15 .
  • speed tables there may be three types or more of speed tables, and may be a plurality of types of speed table changing loads. Also, besides changing tables depending on the speed table changing load, a plurality of speed tables may be changed over on the basis of a cut-in time, a cut-in amount, a removal amount read from a sizing device or the like.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grinding load during grinding may rise or fall according to conditions at that time. Accordingly, like the speed table shown in FIG. 14 , whether or not to use a load threshold in which of a rising aspect and a falling aspect of the grinding load may be provided selectable (ON means being selected, OFF means not being selected) in a speed table so as to appropriately select a necessary condition according to the grinding conditions.
  • control elements of a high-speed cut-in, a fast cut-in, an intermediate cut-in, a slow cut-in, a slow return, an intermediate return, a fast return, and an emergency return there are control elements of a high-speed cut-in, a fast cut-in, an intermediate cut-in, a slow cut-in, a slow return, an intermediate return, a fast return, and an emergency return, and the respective control elements can be appropriately selected according to the rising aspect or the falling aspect.
  • the intermediate cut-in, slow return, and intermediate return are not selected, and the slow cut-in is not selected in the falling aspect.
  • FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 illustrate the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present grinding wheel cut-in/return control means 11 has a grinding load measuring means 13 that measures a grinding load of the grinding wheel 1 during grinding, a speed setting means 14 that sets a cut-in speed or return speed of the grinding wheel 1 for each load threshold, a time setting means 17 that sets an acceleration/deceleration time at the time of change in cut-in speed or at the time of switching between cut-in and return, and a speed control means 15 that controls a cut-in or return of the grinding wheel feed means 7 , through a comparison of a grinding load during grinding with a load threshold, to a cut-in speed or return speed set by the speed setting means 14 according to an increase or decrease in the grinding load, and gently changes the speed unidirectionally in that acceleration/deceleration time T set by the time setting means 17 at the time of change in cut-in speed or at the time of switching between cut-in and return.
  • the acceleration/deceleration time T is preset by the time setting means 17 , a sudden change in speed can be prevented in either case of the time of change in cut-in speed and the time of switching between cut-in and return, so that there is no such a problem that the grinding load temporarily falls, which allows efficiently grinding the workpiece W at a high grinding load.
  • the acceleration/deceleration time T can also be appropriately set according to the material etc., of the workpiece W.
  • the speed control means 15 may increase or reduce the speed gradually or in stages in accordance with predetermined acceleration/deceleration characteristics at the time of change in cut-in speed or at the time of switching between cut-in and return, besides enabling setting the acceleration/deceleration time T variable.
  • load thresholds of the grinding load are desirably large in number. Accordingly, it is also possible to increase the number of load thresholds to a countless number, and increasing the number of load thresholds to a countless number enables a stepless speed change as well which reduces the cut-in speed of the grinding wheel 1 with an increase in grinding load in a stepless manner.
  • the workpiece W of a hard brittle material is exemplified, however, the present invention can likewise be carried out for the whole of surface grinding of workpieces W of various materials, without limitation to hard brittle materials.
  • rotational load torque of the grinding wheel spindle 5 is exemplified as the grinding load
  • the grinding load may be judged based on a change in the current or power of the grinding wheel drive means 6 or a change in the load applied to the grinding wheel drive means 6 , or the grinding load may be judged based on a change in the torque, current, power, or load of the workpiece drive means 4 .
  • the grinding load may be judged from a load on the workpiece W.
  • a judgment may also be made in combination of two or more related factors related to a change in grinding load, such as combination of a change in the current, power, or load of the grinding wheel drive means 6 and a change in the current, power, or load of the workpiece drive means 4 .
  • control may of course be performed so as to increase the cut-in speed if the grinding load falls under a predetermined load threshold during cut-in. Also in that case, the cut-in speed may be increased over a predetermined time.
  • the high-speed cut-in, fast cut-in, intermediate cut-in, slow cut-in, slow return, intermediate return, fast return, etc. are merely exemplified, and the cut-in and return may be further finely divided, or may be roughly divided into a smaller number.
  • the values of the respective load thresholds, cut-in speeds, and return speeds are also merely exemplified, and are not limited thereto.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
US15/236,667 2015-09-16 2016-08-15 Surface grinding method for workpiece and surface grinder Abandoned US20170072529A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2015-183134 2015-09-16
JP2015183134A JP6510374B2 (ja) 2015-09-16 2015-09-16 ワークの平面研削方法及び平面研削盤

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JP (1) JP6510374B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR102573501B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN106881639B (ko)
TW (1) TWI703010B (ko)

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CN116648329A (zh) * 2020-12-25 2023-08-25 千贝克科技有限公司 研磨具保持座的控制方法、研磨具保持座、及研磨工具
CN117415730A (zh) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-19 江苏京创先进电子科技有限公司 减薄控制方法、系统、减薄设备

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JP2020025989A (ja) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-20 株式会社ディスコ 研削装置
JP6871210B2 (ja) * 2018-09-07 2021-05-12 ファナック株式会社 数値制御装置
CN112157585B (zh) * 2020-08-24 2022-05-03 河南捷利达超硬制品有限公司 磨削控制方法
CN114985844A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-02 湖南中大创远数控装备有限公司 一种螺旋锥齿轮的磨削加工方法

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CN117415730A (zh) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-19 江苏京创先进电子科技有限公司 减薄控制方法、系统、减薄设备

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CN106881639B (zh) 2021-03-30
TW201718179A (zh) 2017-06-01
JP6510374B2 (ja) 2019-05-08
KR102573501B1 (ko) 2023-08-31
CN106881639A (zh) 2017-06-23
JP2017056516A (ja) 2017-03-23
TWI703010B (zh) 2020-09-01

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