US20170010030A1 - Air-conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Air-conditioning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170010030A1
US20170010030A1 US15/120,790 US201415120790A US2017010030A1 US 20170010030 A1 US20170010030 A1 US 20170010030A1 US 201415120790 A US201415120790 A US 201415120790A US 2017010030 A1 US2017010030 A1 US 2017010030A1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
bypass
valve
heat exchanger
gas
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Abandoned
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US15/120,790
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English (en)
Inventor
Kosuke Tanaka
Hiroaki Makino
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION reassignment MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAKINO, HIROAKI, TANAKA, KOSUKE
Publication of US20170010030A1 publication Critical patent/US20170010030A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F25B41/04—
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/37—Resuming operation, e.g. after power outages; Emergency starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0415—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the receiver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/19—Pumping down refrigerant from one part of the cycle to another part of the cycle, e.g. when the cycle is changed from cooling to heating, or before a defrost cycle is started
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/15—Control issues during shut down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2523—Receiver valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/006—Accumulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus including a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a use side heat exchanger are connected by pipes, and refrigerant circulates.
  • a refrigeration apparatus described in Patent Literature 1 includes a heat source side unit, a use side unit, and a controller.
  • the heat source side unit includes a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion valve, a large-diameter tube, a liquid-refrigerant side shutoff valve, and a gas refrigerant side shutoff valve. These components are connected by refrigerant pipes.
  • the use side unit includes a use side heat exchanger. One end of the use side heat exchanger is connected to the liquid-refrigerant side shutoff valve via a liquid refrigerant communication pipe, and the other end of the use side heat exchanger is connected to the gas refrigerant side shutoff valve via a gas refrigerant communication pipe.
  • the controller executes a pump down operation for collecting refrigerant to the heat source side unit.
  • refrigerant is, in the pump down operation, stored in the large-diameter tube provided between the heat source side heat exchanger and the liquid-refrigerant side shutoff valve.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent No. 5212537 (claim 1)
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is intended to provide an air-conditioning apparatus configured so that a decrease in a refrigeration capacity can be suppressed without increasing the amount of refrigerant with which a refrigerant circuit is filled and that refrigerant can be suitably stored during a pump down operation.
  • An air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a use side heat exchanger are connected by pipes, and refrigerant circulates.
  • Such an air-conditioning apparatus includes a first on-off valve provided at a pipe between the expansion valve and the use side heat exchanger, a bypass branching from a pipe between the expansion valve and the first on-off valve or a pipe between the heat source side heat exchanger and the expansion valve and connected to a pipe on a suction side of the compressor, and a refrigerant storage unit configured to store the refrigerant having passed through the bypass.
  • the refrigerant storage unit stores the refrigerant flowing into the bypass from the heat source side heat exchanger.
  • a decrease in a refrigeration capacity can be suppressed without increasing the amount of refrigerant with which the refrigerant circuit is filled, and refrigerant can be suitably stored during the pump down operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a p-h graph during a pump down operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a p-h graph during a pump down operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a p-h graph during a cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 8 is a p-h graph during a heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes an outdoor unit 1 and an indoor unit 2 , and the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a liquid pipe 8 and a gas pipe 5 .
  • the outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 3 , a four-way valve 4 , a heat source side heat exchanger 9 , an expansion valve 7 , a heat source side fan 91 configured to send air to the heat source side heat exchanger 9 , and a controller 40 configured to control operation of each section forming the air-conditioning apparatus 100 .
  • the indoor unit 2 includes a use side heat exchanger 6 and a use side fan 61 configured to send air to the use side heat exchanger 6 .
  • the compressor 3 , the four-way valve 4 , the heat source side heat exchanger 9 , the expansion valve 7 , and the use side heat exchanger 6 are, in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 , successively connected by pipes to form a refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant circulates.
  • the outdoor unit 1 further includes a bypass 20 branching from the pipe between the expansion valve 7 and a first on-off valve 11 and connected to the pipe at a suction-side of the compressor 3 .
  • the bypass 20 is provided with a first bypass on-off valve 21 , a second bypass on-off valve 22 , and a container 30 configured to store refrigerant.
  • the compressor 3 is a type of compressor in which rotation speed is controlled by, for example, an inverter and the capacity is controlled,
  • the expansion valve 7 is, for example, an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree is variably controlled.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger 9 is configured to exchange heat with the external air sent by the heat source side fan 91 .
  • the use side heat exchanger 6 is configured to exchange heat with the indoor air sent by the use side fan 61 .
  • the first bypass on-off valve 21 is provided on a refrigerant inflow side (a side close to the pipe between the expansion valve 7 and the first on-off valve 11 ) of the bypass 20 .
  • the second bypass on-off valve 22 is provided on a refrigerant outflow side (a side close to the pipe at a suction-side of the compressor 3 ) of the bypass 20 .
  • the first bypass on-off valve 21 and the second bypass on-off valve 22 are on-off valves configured to open/close a refrigerant flow path of the bypass 20 .
  • the container 30 is a container configured to store refrigerant.
  • the container 30 corresponds to a “refrigerant storage unit” of the present invention.
  • the gas pipe 5 and the liquid pipe 8 are connection pipes connecting the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 .
  • the first on-off valve 11 and a second on-off valve 12 are connected respectively to the liquid pipe 8 and the gas pipe 5 .
  • the liquid pipe 8 connects between the use side heat exchanger 6 of the indoor unit 2 and the first on-off valve 11 of the outdoor unit 1 .
  • the gas pipe 5 connects between the use side heat exchanger 6 of the indoor unit 2 and the second on-off valve 12 of the outdoor unit 1 .
  • first on-off valve 11 , the second on-off valve 12 , the first bypass on-off valve 21 , and the second bypass on-off valve 22 may be manual valves configured to be manually opened/closed, or solenoid valves whose opening/closing state is controlled by the controller 40 .
  • the outdoor unit 1 further includes a discharge temperature sensor 41 , a discharge pressure sensor 51 , and a suction pressure sensor 52 .
  • the discharge temperature sensor 41 is configured to detect the temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 .
  • the discharge pressure sensor 51 is configured to detect the pressure of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 .
  • the suction pressure sensor 52 is configured to detect the pressure of refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 3 .
  • the pressure of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit is the lowest on a suction side of the compressor 3 , and is the highest on a discharge side of the compressor 3 .
  • the pressure on the suction side of the compressor 3 is referred to as a “low pressure”
  • the pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 3 is referred to as a “high pressure.”
  • Slightly flammable refrigerant (R32, HFO1234yf, HFO1234ze, etc.) and flammable refrigerant (HC) are used as the refrigerant used for a refrigeration cycle (the refrigerant circuit) of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 .
  • tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, HFO1234ze as 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene, etc.) or difluoromethane (HFC32) are used as the material to be mixed for producing a refrigerant mixture.
  • HFO1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
  • HFO1234ze 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene, etc.
  • difluoromethane HFC32
  • the present invention is not limited to these materials.
  • HC290 propane
  • Any materials may be used as long as the material has such thermal performance as to be capable of being used as refrigerant for the refrigeration cycle (the refrigerant circuit), and any mixing ratio may be adopted.
  • refrigerant used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described refrigerant.
  • refrigerant such as R410A may be used.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 configured as described above is able to perform a cooling or heating operation by switching the four-way valve 4 . Moreover, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is able to perform a pump down operation for collecting refrigerant in the indoor unit 2 to the outdoor unit 1 .
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 may be configured to perform at least the cooling operation and the pump down operation.
  • the four-way valve 4 is not necessarily provided, and can be omitted.
  • FIG. 1 a solid line indicates a flow in the cooling operation, and a dashed line indicates a flow in the heating operation.
  • the four-way valve 4 is switched to a cooling operation mode (the state indicated by the solid line). Moreover, the first on-off valve 11 , the second on-off valve 12 , and the second bypass on-off valve 22 are in an open state. The first bypass on-off valve 21 is in a closed state.
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant having flowed out from the expansion valve 7 flows into the indoor unit 2 through the liquid pipe 8 .
  • Such refrigerant is evaporated by heat exchange with indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 6 , and then, flows out as low-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant having flowed out from the use side heat exchanger 6 flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the gas pipe 5 , and then, returns to the compressor 3 via the four-way valve 4 .
  • the first bypass on-off valve 21 is in the closed state, and therefore, no refrigerant flows into the bypass 20 .
  • the second bypass on-off valve 22 is in the open state, and therefore, liquid sealing of the container 30 can be prevented.
  • the four-way valve 4 is switched to a heating operation mode (the state indicated by the dashed line). Moreover, the first on-off valve 11 , the second on-off valve 12 , and the second bypass on-off valve 22 are in the open state. The first bypass on-off valve 21 is in the closed state.
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant having flowed out from the expansion valve 7 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 9 .
  • Such refrigerant is evaporated by heat exchange with outdoor air, and then, flows out as low-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant having flowed out from the heat source side heat exchanger 9 returns to the compressor 3 via the four-way valve 4 .
  • the first bypass on-off valve 21 is in the closed state, and therefore, no refrigerant flows into the bypass 20 .
  • the second bypass on-off valve 22 is in the open state, and therefore, liquid sealing of the container 30 can be prevented.
  • FIG. 2 is a p-h graph during the pump down operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the horizontal axis represents a specific enthalpy of refrigerant
  • the vertical axis represents a pressure.
  • points a to c in FIG. 5 each indicate a refrigerant state at respective positions illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the four-way valve 4 is switched to the cooling operation mode (the state indicated by the solid line). Moreover, the second on-off valve 12 and the first bypass on-off valve 21 are in the open state. The first on-off valve 11 and the second bypass on-off valve 22 are in the closed state. Further, the controller 40 fully opens the expansion valve 7 . In addition, the controller 40 makes the heat source side fan 91 and the use side fan 61 operate.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant (the state c) having flowed into the bypass 20 flows into the container 30 through the first bypass on-off valve 21 . Since the second bypass on-off valve 22 is in the closed state, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant (the state c) having flowed into the bypass 20 is stored in the container 30 .
  • Refrigerant in the use side heat exchanger 6 , the liquid pipe 8 , and the gas pipe 5 is sucked by operation of the compressor 3 . After having been discharged from the compressor 3 , the refrigerant is stored in the container 30 by the above-described operation.
  • Embodiment 1 in the pump down operation, the refrigerant having flowed out from the heat source side heat exchanger 9 flows into the bypass 20 , and then, is stored in the container 30 .
  • refrigerant in the pump down operation, refrigerant can be suitably collected to the outdoor unit 1 .
  • a storage container such as a large-diameter tube, on an outlet side of the heat source side heat exchanger 9 (a condenser), and a decrease in a refrigeration capacity can be suppressed without increasing the amount of refrigerant with which the refrigerant circuit is filled.
  • the amount of refrigerant with which the refrigerant circuit is filled can be reduced, an increase in a manufacturing cost can be suppressed, and an influence on environment due to refrigerant leakage can be reduced.
  • Embodiment 1 Differences from Embodiment 1 will be mainly described in Embodiment 2.
  • the same reference numerals as those of Embodiment 1 are used to represent identical elements, and description thereof will not be repeated.
  • FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 2.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 2 is configured such that an accumulator 10 configured to store extra refrigerant is provided on a suction side of a compressor 3 .
  • a bypass 20 is connected to a pipe at an inflow side of the accumulator 10 .
  • bypass 20 is provided with a third bypass on-off valve 23 .
  • a first bypass on-off valve 21 a second bypass on-off valve 22 , and a container 30 are not provided.
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 has the function of opening/closing a flow path of the bypass 20 and expanding (depressurizing) passing refrigerant.
  • the pipe diameter of the bypass 20 on a downstream side (the side close to the accumulator 10 ) of the third bypass on-off valve 23 is smaller than that on an upstream side such that the refrigerant passing through the third bypass on-off valve 23 is expanded.
  • a configuration of the third bypass on-off valve 23 is not limited to such a configuration.
  • an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree is variably controlled may be used as the third bypass on-off valve 23 .
  • a two-way valve and a capillary tube may be connected in series. That is, any configurations can be used as long as a flow of refrigerant in the bypass 20 can be opened/closed such that passing refrigerant is expanded (depressurized).
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 corresponds to a “second expansion valve” of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 differences from Embodiment 1 in operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 2 will be mainly described.
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in a closed state.
  • the accumulator 10 separates such refrigerant into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and then, the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 3 .
  • FIG. 4 is a p-h graph during the pump down operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 2.
  • the horizontal axis represents a specific enthalpy of refrigerant
  • the vertical axis represents a pressure.
  • points a to e in FIG. 4 each indicate a refrigerant state at respective positions illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • a four-way valve 4 is switched to a cooling operation mode (the state indicated by a solid line). Moreover, a second on-off valve 12 and the third bypass on-off valve 23 are in an open state. A first on-off valve 11 is in the closed state. Further, a controller 40 fully opens an expansion valve 7 . In addition, the controller 40 makes a heat source side fan 91 and a use side fan 61 operate.
  • the heat source side fan 91 may be stopped, or the amount of air sent by the heat source side fan 91 may be decreased so that heat exchange amount by a heat source side heat exchanger 9 is decreased.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant (the state c) having flowed into the bypass 20 is expanded (depressurized) when passing through the third bypass on-off valve 23 , and turns into low-pressure two-phase refrigerant (the state d).
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the accumulator 10 from the bypass 20 , and then, is separated into gas refrigerant (the state a) and liquid refrigerant (the state e).
  • the gas refrigerant in the accumulator 10 is sucked into the compressor 3 .
  • the liquid refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 10 .
  • Refrigerant in a use side heat exchanger 6 , a liquid pipe 8 , and a gas pipe 5 is sucked by operation of the compressor 3 , and then, flows into the accumulator 10 .
  • Such refrigerant is separated into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 10 .
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 is provided at the bypass 20 such that the refrigerant having flowed into the bypass 20 is expanded (depressurized), and such refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 10 .
  • the refrigerant stored in the accumulator 10 is expanded (depressurized) low-pressure liquid refrigerant (see T ACC in FIG. 4 ).
  • T ACC low-pressure liquid refrigerant
  • a refrigerant temperature is lower, and a refrigerant density may be increased.
  • the capacity of a refrigerant storage unit (the accumulator 10 ) configured to store refrigerant in the pump down operation can be decreased.
  • Embodiment 2 Differences from Embodiment 2 will be mainly described in Embodiment 3.
  • the same reference numerals as those of Embodiment 2 are used to represent identical elements, and description thereof will not be repeated.
  • FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 3.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 3 further includes a gas-liquid separator 32 as illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the gas-liquid separator 32 is provided at a pipe between an expansion valve 7 and a first on-off valve 11 .
  • the gas-liquid separator 32 is configured to separate refrigerant flowing therein into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant.
  • a bypass 20 connects a gas-side connection port of the gas-liquid separator 32 and a pipe at a suction-side of a compressor 3 .
  • Embodiment 2 differences from Embodiment 2 in operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 3 will be mainly described.
  • FIG. 6 is a p-h graph during a cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 3.
  • the horizontal axis represents a specific enthalpy of refrigerant
  • the vertical axis represents a pressure.
  • points a to f in FIG. 6 each indicate a refrigerant state at respective positions illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • a four-way valve 4 is switched to a cooling operation mode (the state indicated by a solid line). Moreover, the first on-off valve 11 , a second on-off valve 12 , and a third bypass on-off valve 23 are opened.
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant having flowed out from the expansion valve 7 flows into the gas-liquid separator 32 , and then, is separated into gas refrigerant (the state f) and liquid refrigerant (the state e).
  • the gas refrigerant having flowed into the bypass 20 from the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into an accumulator 10 through the third bypass on-off valve 23 .
  • the liquid refrigerant (the state e) separated by the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into an indoor unit 2 through a liquid pipe 8 . Then, such refrigerant is evaporated by heat exchange with indoor air in a use side heat exchanger 6 , and then, flows out as low-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant having flowed out from the use side heat exchanger 6 flows into an outdoor unit 1 through a gas pipe 5 , and then, returns to the compressor 3 via the four-way valve 4 and the accumulator 10 .
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in a closed state.
  • the heating operation is performed by the operation similar to that of Embodiment 2. Since the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in the closed state, no refrigerant flows into the bypass 20 .
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in an open state.
  • the pump down operation is performed by the operation similar to that of Embodiment 2 described above.
  • the gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into the bypass 20 in the cooling operation.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 there are the following advantageous effects. That is, in the cooling operation, the gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into the bypass 20 . Thus, the quality of the refrigerant flowing into the use side heat exchanger 6 serving as an evaporator decreases, and a pressure loss of refrigerant can be reduced. Moreover, the gas refrigerant less contributing to heat exchange is bypassed, and therefore, a refrigeration capacity can be improved. Thus, energy saving can be improved in the cooling operation.
  • Embodiment 2 Differences from Embodiment 2 will be mainly described in Embodiment 4.
  • the same reference numerals as those of Embodiment 2 are used to represent identical elements, and description thereof will not be repeated.
  • FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 4.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 4 further includes a gas-liquid separator 32 as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • the gas-liquid separator 32 is provided at a pipe between a heat source side heat exchanger 9 and an expansion valve 7 .
  • the gas-liquid separator 32 is configured to separate refrigerant flowing therein into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant.
  • a bypass 20 connects a connection port for gas of the gas-liquid separator 32 and a pipe at a suction-side of a compressor 3 .
  • Embodiment 2 differences from Embodiment 2 in operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 of Embodiment 3 will be mainly described.
  • a third bypass on-off valve 23 is in a closed state.
  • the cooling operation is performed by the operation similar to that of Embodiment 2. Since the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in the closed state, no refrigerant flows into the bypass 20 .
  • FIG. 8 is a p-h graph during a heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 4 .
  • the horizontal axis represents a specific enthalpy of refrigerant
  • the vertical axis represents a pressure.
  • points a to f in FIG. 8 each indicate a refrigerant state at respective positions illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • a four-way valve 4 is switched to a heating operation mode (the state indicated by a dashed line). Moreover, a first on-off valve 11 , a second on-off valve 12 , and the third bypass on-off valve 23 are opened.
  • low-pressure gas refrigerant (the state a) is compressed in the compressor 3 , and then, is discharged as high-pressure high-temperature gas refrigerant (the state b).
  • the high-pressure high-temperature gas refrigerant having been discharged from the compressor 3 flows into a use side heat exchanger 6 of an indoor unit 2 via the four-way valve 4 and a gas pipe 5 .
  • Such refrigerant transfers heat by heat exchange with indoor air, and then, flows out as high-pressure liquid refrigerant (the state e).
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant having flowed out from the use side heat exchanger 6 flows into the expansion valve 7 through a liquid pipe 8 , and turns into low-pressure two-phase refrigerant (the state d).
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant having flowed out from the expansion valve 7 flows into the gas-liquid separator 32 , and then, is separated into gas refrigerant (the state f) and liquid refrigerant (the state c).
  • the gas refrigerant having flowed into the bypass 20 from the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into an accumulator 10 through the third bypass on-off valve 23 .
  • the liquid refrigerant (the state c) separated by the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 9 . Then, such refrigerant is evaporated by heat exchange with outdoor air, and then, flows out as low-pressure gas refrigerant (the state f). The low-pressure gas refrigerant having flowed out from the heat source side heat exchanger 9 returns to the compressor 3 via the four-way valve 4 .
  • the third bypass on-off valve 23 is in an open state.
  • the pump down operation is performed by the operation similar to that of Embodiment 2 described above.
  • the gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into the bypass 20 in the heating operation.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 there are the following advantageous effects. That is, in the heating operation, the gas refrigerant separated in the gas-liquid separator 32 flows into the bypass 20 . Thus, the quality of the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 9 serving as an evaporator decreases, and a pressure loss of refrigerant can be reduced. Moreover, the gas refrigerant less contributing to heat exchange is bypassed, and therefore, a refrigeration capacity can be improved. Thus, energy saving can be improved in the heating operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
US15/120,790 2014-03-07 2014-03-07 Air-conditioning apparatus Abandoned US20170010030A1 (en)

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EP3115714A4 (fr) 2017-11-08
US20190212044A1 (en) 2019-07-11
AU2014385084A1 (en) 2016-09-29
JP5797354B1 (ja) 2015-10-21
KR20160121581A (ko) 2016-10-19
US10655900B2 (en) 2020-05-19
KR101810809B1 (ko) 2017-12-19
AU2014385084B2 (en) 2017-08-03
JPWO2015132959A1 (ja) 2017-03-30
WO2015132959A1 (fr) 2015-09-11
CN106062490A (zh) 2016-10-26
EP3115714A1 (fr) 2017-01-11
EP3115714B1 (fr) 2018-11-28

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