US20160001650A1 - Low resistance flow regulator - Google Patents
Low resistance flow regulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160001650A1 US20160001650A1 US14/321,207 US201414321207A US2016001650A1 US 20160001650 A1 US20160001650 A1 US 20160001650A1 US 201414321207 A US201414321207 A US 201414321207A US 2016001650 A1 US2016001650 A1 US 2016001650A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- restrictor
- flow
- coolant
- pivot
- passageway
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
- B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/01—Control of flow without auxiliary power
- G05D7/0173—Control of flow without auxiliary power using pivoting sensing element acting as a valve mounted within the flow-path
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/221—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves specially adapted operating means therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/222—Shaping of the valve member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/025—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring
- F16K15/026—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring the valve member being a movable body around which the medium flows when the valve is open
- F16K15/028—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring the valve member being a movable body around which the medium flows when the valve is open the valve member consisting only of a predominantly disc-shaped flat element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
- F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
- F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
- F16K17/08—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with special arrangements for providing a large discharge passage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
- F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
- F01P5/12—Pump-driving arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to low resistance flow regulators, such as, low resistance flow regulators for regulating flow of engine coolant.
- Typical coolant systems include at least a pump, a heat exchanger, such as a radiator for example, coolant fluid, and various tubes, hoses, or passages to convey the fluid between the engine and the heat exchanger.
- Coolant systems can also include a thermostat, which typically blocks coolant flow through the system until the engine warms up to a predetermined operating temperature, and then allows full flow thereafter.
- the fluid can be pumped through passages in the engine to absorb heat generated by combustion.
- the heated fluid can then pass through the heat exchanger to release the heat, typically to the atmosphere.
- the flow rate of the fluid through the system can be important to ensure optimal cooling of the engine.
- coolant pumps are typically rotationally driven by a belt connected to a pulley mounted to the engine crankshaft.
- the pump speed, and therefore the fluid flow rate is proportional to the engine speed, i.e. revolutions per minute (RPM).
- RPM revolutions per minute
- the coolant flow rate increases.
- this configuration is preferable in order to roughly correspond cooling capacity with heat production from the engine.
- certain high RPM conditions can produce flow rates that exceed the necessary cooling capacity, and/or can be detrimental to various components of the cooling system.
- the present teachings provide for a flow restrictor for a coolant line of an internal combustion engine coolant system.
- the flow restrictor can include a restrictor element and a biasing member.
- the restrictor element can be configured for rotation about a pivot axis within a flow path of the coolant line.
- the restrictor element can include a first restrictor plate and a tab.
- the first restrictor plate can extend in a first direction.
- the tab can extend in a second direction different than the first direction.
- the biasing member can be configured to generate a first torque about the pivot axis to bias the restrictor element toward a first rotational position. In the first rotational position, the first restrictor plate can be substantially parallel to a central axis of the flow path.
- a second torque about the pivot axis is generated when a fluid flows through the flow path and contacts the tab.
- the second torque can be opposite the first torque and can exceed the first torque to rotate the restrictor element to a second rotational position when the fluid flows through the flow path at a flowrate greater than a first predetermined flowrate.
- the first restrictor plate can be configured to block a portion of the flow path to limit the fluid to a second predetermined flowrate.
- the present teachings further provide for a coolant system for an internal combustion engine.
- the coolant system can include a coolant conduit, a flow restrictor, and a biasing member.
- the coolant conduit can define a flow passageway configured to circulate a coolant fluid through the coolant conduit.
- the flow restrictor can be disposed within the flow passageway and can include a pivot member, a first restrictor plate, and a tab.
- the pivot member can be rotatably coupled to the coolant conduit and configured to rotate about a pivot axis.
- the first restrictor plate can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom.
- the tab can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom at an angle relative to the first restrictor plate.
- the biasing member can be configured to bias the pivot member toward a first rotational position.
- a torque about the pivot axis is generated when the coolant fluid flows through the flow passageway and contacts the tab.
- the torque can overcome the biasing member to rotate the pivot member to a second rotational position.
- a first area of the flow passageway can be restricted by the tab.
- a second area of the flow passageway can be restricted by the restrictor plate. The second area can be greater than the first area.
- the present teachings further provide for a coolant system for an internal combustion engine.
- the coolant system can include a heat exchanger, a coolant circuit, a flow restrictor, and a biasing member.
- the heat exchanger can include an inlet port and an outlet port.
- the coolant circuit can include a supply conduit and a return conduit.
- the supply conduit can be coupled for fluid communication with the inlet port and can define a supply passageway configured to convey a coolant fluid from the engine to the heat exchanger.
- the return conduit can be coupled for fluid communication with the outlet port and can define a return passageway configured to convey the coolant fluid from the heat exchanger to the engine.
- the flow restrictor can be disposed within one of the supply passageway or the return passageway.
- the flow restrictor can include a pivot member, a first restrictor plate, and a tab.
- the pivot member can be rotatably coupled to the one of the supply conduit or the return conduit that the flow restrictor is disposed within and can be configured to rotate about a pivot axis.
- the first restrictor plate can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom in a first direction.
- the tab can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom in a second direction different than the first direction.
- the biasing member can be configured to bias the pivot member toward a first rotational position. In the first rotational position, the first restrictor plate can be substantially parallel to a central axis of the one the supply passageway or the return passageway.
- a torque about the pivot axis is generated when a fluid flows through the one of the supply passageway and the return passageway and contacts the tab.
- the torque can overcome the biasing member to rotate the pivot member to a second rotational position.
- a first area of the one of the supply passageway or the return passageway can be restricted by the tab.
- a second area of the one of the supply passageway or the return passageway can be restricted by the restrictor plate. The second area can be greater than the first area.
- FIG. 1 is an exemplary vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a coolant system with a flow restrictor in accordance with the present teachings;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the flow restrictor of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a section view of the flow restrictor of FIG. 1 in a first position
- FIG. 4 is a section view of the flow restrictor of FIG. 3 in a second position
- FIG. 5 is a section view of the flow restrictor of FIG. 1 having another configuration and in a first position in accordance with the present teachings;
- FIG. 6 is a section view of the flow restrictor of FIG. 5 in a second position
- FIG. 7 is graph comparing flowrate through the flow restrictor of FIG. 1 to engine speed.
- a vehicle 10 is illustrated as having an internal combustion engine 14 and a coolant system 18 .
- the vehicle 10 is illustrated as a truck, however, it is understood that the vehicle 10 can be any type of vehicle having an internal combustion engine, such as a passenger car, bus, recreational vehicle, military vehicle, aircraft, or watercraft for example.
- the coolant system 18 may be used with an internal combustion engine not disposed in a vehicle, such as a generator, agricultural machinery, industrial machinery, construction equipment, or military equipment for example.
- the coolant system 18 is located at a front portion 22 of the vehicle 10 , although other configurations or locations can be used.
- the engine 14 can include an engine block 26 , a crankshaft (not shown), a drive pulley 34 , and a belt 38 , for example. It is understood that the engine 14 can be any type of internal combustion engine, such as a piston-cylinder engine or a rotary engine, for example.
- the engine block 26 can define an engine inlet 42 , an engine outlet 46 , and at least one engine passage (not shown) extending through a portion of the engine block 26 . It is understood that the engine passage can pass through other portions of the engine 14 as well, such as a cylinder head of a piston-cylinder engine for example.
- the engine passage can be in fluid communication with the engine inlet 42 and the engine outlet 46 to allow a coolant fluid (not shown) to flow through the engine block 26 and absorb heat from the engine 14 .
- the crankshaft can be rotatably mounted within the engine block 26 and configured to be coupled to a prime mover element (not shown) within the engine block 26 .
- the prime mover element can be any type of prime mover element configured to translate combustion energy into rotation of the crankshaft, such as a piston of a piston-cylinder engine, or a rotor of a rotary engine for example.
- the drive pulley 34 can be non-rotatably coupled to the crankshaft to rotate therewith.
- the drive pulley 34 can be coupled to the belt 38 to rotatably drive the belt 38 .
- the coolant system 18 can include a heat exchanger 54 , a supply conduit 58 , a return conduit 62 , a pump 66 , and a flow restrictor 70 .
- the coolant system 18 can further include a thermostat 74 .
- the heat exchanger 54 can be any type of heat exchanger, such as a radiator, or a parallel plate heat exchanger for example, for example.
- the heat exchanger 54 is a radiator having a radiator body 78 , a plurality of tubes 82 , a plurality of fins (not shown).
- the radiator body 78 can have a first face 90 and a second face (not shown) opposite to the first face 90 , and can define a radiator inlet 98 and a radiator outlet 102 .
- the radiator body 78 is generally rectangular in shape, although other configurations can be used.
- the tubes 82 can extend through the radiator body 78 and be configured to allow the coolant fluid to flow through the tubes 82 .
- the radiator inlet 98 and radiator outlet 102 can be in fluid communication with opposite ends of the tubes 82 to allow the coolant fluid to pass from the radiator inlet 98 , through the tubes 82 , and to the radiator outlet 102 .
- the tubes 82 can be arranged in the radiator body 78 such that air can flow through the first face 90 and pass over the tubes 82 before exiting the radiator body 78 through the second face.
- the air passing over and between the tubes 82 can absorb heat from the coolant fluid to dissipate the heat to the atmosphere.
- the coolant fluid can be any type of coolant liquid such as anti-freeze, or water for example.
- the tubes 82 are parallel and horizontally oriented with regard to the radiator body 78 , although other configurations can be used, such as vertical tubes or serpentine tubes, for example.
- the fins can extend between the tubes 82 to assist in the dissipation of heat from the coolant fluid as it passes through the tubes 82 .
- the heat exchanger 54 dissipates heat to the atmosphere, although other configurations can be used, such as dissipating heat to inside a passenger compartment of the vehicle 10 , or to a secondary coolant system (not shown) via a second coolant fluid (not shown), for example. While the natural airflow passing through the radiator body 78 , between the fins and tubes 82 , can carry heat away from the heat exchanger 54 , a fan (not shown) can be used to force air through the radiator body 78 . In the example provided, the heat exchanger 54 is located toward the front 22 of the vehicle 10 , although other locations can be used.
- the supply conduit 58 can have a first end 106 and a second end 110 .
- the first end 106 can be proximate to the engine 14 and coupled for fluid communication with the engine outlet 46 .
- the second end 110 can be proximate to the heat exchanger 54 and coupled for fluid communication with the radiator inlet 98 .
- the return conduit 62 can have a third end 114 and a fourth end 118 .
- the third end 114 can be proximate to the heat exchanger 54 and coupled for fluid communication with the radiator outlet 102 .
- the fourth end 118 can be proximate to the engine 14 and coupled for fluid communication with the engine inlet 42 .
- the supply conduit 58 and return conduit 62 can form a coolant circuit 122 for circulating the coolant fluid from the engine 14 , through the supply conduit 58 , to the heat exchanger 54 , and back to the engine 14 through the return conduit 62 . It is understood that some of the coolant fluid can be diverted to, and returned from, other components not shown, such as a heater core for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system for example.
- HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
- the pump 66 can be any type of pump for pumping the coolant fluid through the coolant circuit 122 , such as an impeller pump for example.
- the pump 66 can be inline with the coolant circuit 122 and configured to circulate the coolant fluid through the supply conduit 58 , the return conduit 62 , the engine 14 , and the heat exchanger 54 .
- the pump 66 can be mounted to the engine 14 and drivingly coupled to the engine 14 .
- the pump 66 can have a pump pulley 126 that can be coupled to the belt 38 to be rotatably driven by the crankshaft by way of rotation of the belt 38 . Rotation of the pump pulley 126 can cause the pump 66 to circulate the coolant fluid within the coolant circuit 122 .
- the pump 66 is inline with the return conduit 62 , between the fourth end 118 and the engine inlet 42 , but other locations along the coolant circuit 122 can be used, such as inline with the supply conduit 58 for example.
- the thermostat 74 can have a thermostat body 130 , a valve (not shown) and a sensing element (not shown).
- the thermostat body 130 can be inline with the coolant circuit 122 at any location within the coolant circuit 122 to prevent flow of the coolant fluid through the coolant circuit 122 , as will be described below.
- the thermostat body 130 is inline with the supply conduit 58 , between the first end 106 and second end 110 , though other configurations can be used, such as between the engine outlet 46 and first end 106 , mounted to the radiator inlet 98 or radiator outlet 102 , inline with the return conduit 62 , between the fourth end 118 and the engine inlet 42 , or inline with the engine passage, for example.
- the valve can be disposed in the thermostat body 130 and can be configured move between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the valve blocks flow of the coolant fluid through the thermostat body 130 , to prevent flow through the heat exchanger 54 . In the open position, the valve allows flow of the coolant fluid through the thermostat body 130 to allow flow through the heat exchanger 54 .
- the sensing element can be configured to move the valve between the open and closed positions. The sensing element and valve can be configured such that the valve is in the closed position when the temperature of the coolant fluid is below a predetermined temperature. The sensing element and valve can be configured such that the valve is in the open position when the temperature of the coolant fluid is at or above the predetermined temperature.
- the predetermined temperature can correspond to a minimum recommended operating temperature of the engine 14 . In this way, the thermostat 74 prevents the coolant system 18 from removing heat from the engine 14 until the engine 14 reaches a desired minimum operating temperature.
- the thermostat 74 can be operated mechanically, such that the sensing element can physically change states, or position, based to the temperature of the coolant fluid, causing the valve to be opened or closed, as is known in the art.
- the sensing element can include a substance (not shown), typically a wax, within the thermostat 74 that can melt at the predetermined temperature, which can cause the valve to open. When the temperature of the coolant fluid drops below the predetermined temperature, the substance can reconstitute back to its original form to cause the valve to close.
- the thermostat 74 can be configured to generally be either fully open or fully closed.
- the thermostat can alternatively be operated by an electro-mechanical actuator (not shown), and the sensing element can be configured to send an electrical signal to the electro-mechanical actuator to move the valve between the open and closed positions based on the temperature of the coolant fluid relative to the predetermined temperature.
- Thermostats are generally either fully open or fully closed, and operate based on temperature, not based on flow rate.
- the flow restrictor 70 can be inline with the coolant circuit 122 .
- the flow restrictor 70 is inline with the supply conduit 58 , between the first end 106 and the second end 110 , although other configurations can be used.
- the flow restrictor 70 can be inline with the return conduit, or mounted to the radiator inlet 98 , or radiator outlet 102 for example.
- the flow restrictor 70 can also be mounted to, or integrally formed with the thermostat body 130 .
- the flow restrictor 70 can have a main body 210 , a restricting element 214 , and a biasing member 218 .
- the main body 210 can have an upstream end 222 and a downstream end 226 , an exterior 230 , and can be generally hollow to define a flow path 234 between the upstream end 222 and downstream end 226 .
- the main body 210 can also have a stop element 238 and can define a pivot aperture 242 that can extend through the main body 210 between an inner surface 250 and the exterior 230 .
- the main body 210 can be configured to allow the coolant fluid to flow in a flow direction 246 through flow path 234 .
- the flow path 234 can be a generally cylindrical shape defined by the inner surface 250 and having a central axis 254 parallel to the flow direction 246 . While the flow path 234 of the present example is generally cylindrical, other configurations may be used.
- the restricting element 214 can include a pivot rod 258 , a restricting plate 262 , and a tab 266 .
- the pivot rod 258 can extend between opposite sides 270 , 274 of the flow path 234 (or opposing portions of the inner surface 250 ), and can be perpendicular to the central axis 254 .
- the pivot rod 258 can be centered in the main body 210 such that the pivot rod 258 intersects the central axis 254 .
- the pivot rod 258 can be pivotally mounted to the main body 210 for rotation within the flow path 234 about a pivot axis 278 .
- the pivot axis 278 can be perpendicular to the central axis 254 and can intersect the central axis 254 .
- the biasing member 218 can rotationally bias the restricting element 214 toward a first rotational position A, shown in FIG. 3 .
- the biasing member 218 can be a torsional spring having a first end 282 coupled to the main body 210 and a second end 286 coupled to the pivot rod 258 .
- the pivot aperture 242 can extend through one of the sides 270 , 274 of the main body 210 and can be coaxial with the pivot axis 278 .
- an end 290 of the pivot rod 258 extends through the pivot aperture 242 beyond the exterior 230 of the main body 210 , and the first end 282 of the biasing member 218 is mounted to the exterior 230 of the main body 210 .
- biasing member 218 can alternatively be located within the main body 210 and the pivot aperture 242 need not extend fully through the main body 210 to the exterior 230 .
- the restricting plate 262 and tab 266 can be non-rotatably, or fixedly coupled to the pivot rod 258 for rotation therewith.
- the flow restrictor 70 is shown with the restricting element 214 in the first rotational position A.
- the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by arrows 294 .
- the restricting plate 262 can extend from the pivot rod 258 toward the upstream end 222 , substantially parallel to the central axis 254 .
- the restricting plate 262 is generally semi-circular in shape, although any other suitable shape can be used, such as an elliptical, rectangular, or irregular shape, for example.
- the restricting plate 262 extends a length substantially equal to the radius of the flow path 234 .
- the restricting plate 262 can be longer or shorter than the radius of the flow path 234 .
- the tab 266 can extend from the pivot rod 258 at an attack angle 298 relative to the restricting plate 262 .
- the attack angle 298 can be greater than zero degrees and less than one hundred and eighty degrees, for example.
- the attack angle 298 can also be between 180° and 360° relative to the restricting plate 262 .
- the tab 266 has a generally rectangular shape, although any other suitable shapes can be used, such as an elliptical, semi-circular, or irregular shape, for example.
- the tab 266 is spaced apart from the sides 270 , 274 of the flow path 234 , such that the coolant fluid can flow around the sides of the tab 266 , between the tab and the flow path 234 .
- the tab 266 can alternatively extend the entire width of the flow path 234 , from side 270 to side 274 .
- the tab 266 can have a significantly smaller surface area than the restricting plate 262 , such that in the first position A, the coolant fluid is free to flow through the flow path 234 with little restriction, and the flow is only restricted by the width of the pivot rod 258 and the relatively small surface area of the tab 266 .
- the biasing member 218 provides an opening torque 302 on the pivot rod 258 to bias the restricting element 214 toward the first rotational position A.
- the dynamic fluid pressures of the coolant fluid acting on the tab 266 create a closing torque 306 on the pivot rod 258 .
- the closing torque 306 is insufficient to overcome the opening torque 302 of the biasing member 218 .
- the restricting element 214 is held generally in the first position A when the coolant fluid flows through the flow path 234 at a flow rate less than the predetermined flow rate.
- the flow restrictor 70 is shown in a second rotational position B.
- the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by arrows 310 .
- the closing torque 306 overcomes the opening torque 302 provided by the biasing member 218 .
- the pivot rod 258 begins to rotate about the pivot axis 278 .
- Rotation of the pivot rod 258 causes rotation of the restricting plate 262 off of central axis 254 and into an intermediate position (not shown) between the first position A and the second position B which the restricting plate 262 is at an angle 314 relative to the central axis 254 , and thus also relative to the flow 310 of the coolant fluid.
- the angle 314 is greater than zero degrees and less than ninety degrees.
- the dynamic fluid pressure of the coolant fluid acting on the restricting plate 262 sharply increases, further increasing the closing torque 306 , and causing the pivot rod 258 to rotate into the second rotational position B.
- the restricting plate 262 rotates into the flow path 234 to block, or restrict the flow 310 of the coolant fluid without fully blocking all of the flow 310 through the flow path 234 .
- the coolant fluid can be generally free to flow through the portion of the flow path 234 not blocked by the restricting plate 262 .
- the restricting plate 262 can be configured to allow some flow through that half, such as through apertures (not shown) in the restricting plate 262 , or where the restricting plate 262 has a radius less than the radius of the flow path 234 , for example.
- the stop element 238 can have a stop body 318 configured to engage the restricting element 214 when the restricting element 214 is in the second rotational position B to prevent the restricting element 214 from rotating further due to the closing torque 306 .
- the stop body 318 is coupled to the main body 210 within the flow path 234 , and extends from the main body 210 , radially inward toward the central axis 254 to engage the restricting plate 262 .
- the stop body 318 can alternatively, or additionally, be configured to engage the tab 266 or pivot rod 258 to prevent the closing torque 306 from rotating the restricting element 214 past the second rotational position B.
- the stop body 318 can alternatively be coupled to the main body 210 in other locations, such as within the pivot aperture 242 , or on the exterior 230 of the main body 210 , to engage the pivot rod 258 .
- angle 314 between the restricting plate 262 and the central axis 254 at the second rotational position B as being ninety degrees
- the stop element 238 can be positioned to stop rotation of the restricting element 214 such that the angle 314 is less than ninety degrees, in order to allow some flow around the restricting plate 262 .
- the flowrate in the coolant system 18 without the flow restrictor 70 in the coolant circuit 122 is generally indicated by dashed line 718 .
- the flowrate 718 can generally be directly proportional to the engine speed, such that the flowrate increases steadily as engine speed increases.
- the flowrate of the coolant system 18 with the flow restrictor 70 is shown as solid line 722 .
- the flowrate 722 can be generally proportional to the engine speed until a predetermined flowrate 726 is reached.
- the predetermined flowrate 726 can be a flowrate such that erosion within certain components of the coolant circuit 122 is minimized, such as the tubes 82 of the heat exchanger 54 for example.
- the flow restrictor 70 is shown having a restricting element 510 of another configuration in a first rotational position C ( FIG. 5 ) and a second rotational position D ( FIG. 6 ).
- Restricting element 510 is similar to restricting element 214 , and includes a pivot rod 514 , a first restricting plate 518 , and a tab 522 , unlike the restricting element 214 , the restricting element 510 can further include a second restricting plate 526 .
- the tab 522 can extend from the pivot rod 514 at an attack angle 530 relative to the first restricting plate 518 , similar to attack angle 298 .
- the pivot rod 514 , first restricting plate 518 , and tab 522 can be substantially similar to pivot rod 258 , restricting plate 262 , and tab 266 , and their descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
- the second restricting plate 526 can be non-rotatably coupled to the pivot rod 514 for rotation therewith.
- the second restricting plate 526 can extend from the pivot rod 514 at a straight angle, or 180°, relative to the first restricting plate 518 .
- the second restricting plate 526 extends substantially parallel to the central axis 254 and toward the downstream end 226 of the main body 210 .
- the first restricting plate 518 and the second restricting plate 526 are substantially similar in size and shape, although other configurations can be used.
- the first restricting plate 518 and second restricting plate 526 each have a semi-circular shape with a radial length less than the radius of the flow path 234 , to allow flow around the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 when in the second position D.
- the first restricting plate 518 and second restricting plate 526 can alternatively have a radial length substantially equal to the radius of the flow path 234 , while allowing flow through orifices (not shown) formed in the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 , when in the second position D.
- the orifices can be designed to minimize or control turbulence downstream of the restricting plates 518 , 526 .
- the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by arrows 534 .
- the coolant fluid is free to flow through the flow path 234 with little restriction, and the flow is only restricted by the width of the pivot rod 514 and the relatively small surface area of the tab 522 .
- the biasing member 218 can be coupled to pivot rod 514 substantially similarly to pivot rod 258 , to provide an opening torque 538 on the pivot rod 514 to bias the pivot rod 514 toward the first position.
- the dynamic fluid pressures acting on the tab 522 create a closing torque 542 on the pivot rod 514 .
- the closing torque 542 can be insufficient to overcome the opening torque 538 of the biasing member 218 .
- the restricting element 510 is held generally in the first position C when the coolant fluid flows through the flow path 234 at a flow rate less than the predetermined flow rate.
- the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by arrows 546 .
- the closing torque 542 is greater than the opening torque 538 provided by the biasing member 218 .
- the pivot rod 514 begins to rotate. Rotation of the pivot rod 514 causes rotation of the first and second restriction plates 518 , 526 off of central axis 254 into an intermediate position (not shown) where the first restricting plate 518 is at an angle 550 relative to the central axis 254 , and thus relative to the flow 546 of the coolant fluid.
- the angle 550 is greater than zero degrees and less than 90°.
- the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the first restricting plate 518 sharply increases, further increasing the closing torque 542 .
- the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the second restricting plate 526 causes the opening torque 538 to increase. Since the second restricting plate 526 trails in the direction of the fluid flow 546 , and the first restricting plate 518 leads in the direction of the fluid flow 546 , the velocity of the coolant fluid between the first restricting plate 518 and the flow path 234 is relatively lower than the velocity of the coolant fluid between the second restricting plate 526 and the flow path.
- the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the first restricting plate 518 is higher than the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the second restricting plate 526 , which causes the closing torque 542 to increase greater than the opening torque 538 , and the pivot rod 514 is rotated into the second rotational position.
- the dynamic forces acting on the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 can balance with the opening torque 538 of the biasing member 218 .
- the amount of the opening torque 538 created by the biasing member 218 can be relatively minor compared to the closing torque 542 created by the balancing dynamic fluid pressures of the fluid acting on the first restricting plate 518 and the second restricting plate 526 when the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 are in the second rotational position, or perpendicular to the flow path 234 , resulting in a quick transition between the first rotational position C and the second rotational position D.
- the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 rotate into the flow path 234 to block or restrict the flow 546 of the coolant fluid, without fully blocking all of the flow 546 through the flow path 234 .
- the restricting plates 518 , 526 are illustrated in a vertical orientation, perpendicular to the central axis 254 , due to the relatively small force of the biasing member 218 relative to the dynamic fluid pressures on the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 . It is understood that the exact orientation will depend on the surface areas of the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 and the spring rate of the biasing member 218 .
- the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 may be balanced at a position where the angle 550 is less than 90° relative to the central axis 254 .
- Such a position can be designed to reduce turbulence downstream of the restricting plates 518 , 526 .
- the coolant fluid can be generally free to flow through the portion of the flow path 234 not blocked by the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 .
- first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 blocking less than the full radius of the flow path 234
- the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 can be configured to extend the full radius of the flow path 234 while allowing some flow through apertures (not shown) in either or both of the first and second restricting plates 518 , 526 .
- the stop body 318 of the stop element 238 can engage the restricting element 510 when the restricting element 510 is in the second rotational position D to prevent the restricting element 510 from rotating further due to the closing torque 542 , similarly to the restricting element 214 .
- the stop body 318 is coupled to the main body 210 , and extends radially inward towards the central axis 254 to engage the first restricting plate 518 .
- the stop body 318 can also be configured to engage the pivot rod 514 , tab 522 , or second restricting plate 526 for example, as described above with respect to restricting element 214 .
- the operation of the coolant system 18 with restricting element 214 and restricting element 510 can be substantially similar with regard to flowrates and engine speed, as that discussed above with regard to FIG. 7 .
- Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
- first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
- Spatially relative terms such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure relates to low resistance flow regulators, such as, low resistance flow regulators for regulating flow of engine coolant.
- This section provides background information related to the present disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.
- Internal combustion engines, such as gasoline or diesel engines, for example, often have a coolant system to remove heat from the engine that would otherwise have detrimental effects on fuel economy, engine performance, and longevity. Typical coolant systems include at least a pump, a heat exchanger, such as a radiator for example, coolant fluid, and various tubes, hoses, or passages to convey the fluid between the engine and the heat exchanger. Coolant systems can also include a thermostat, which typically blocks coolant flow through the system until the engine warms up to a predetermined operating temperature, and then allows full flow thereafter. The fluid can be pumped through passages in the engine to absorb heat generated by combustion. The heated fluid can then pass through the heat exchanger to release the heat, typically to the atmosphere.
- The flow rate of the fluid through the system can be important to ensure optimal cooling of the engine. In order to vary flow rate of the fluid, coolant pumps are typically rotationally driven by a belt connected to a pulley mounted to the engine crankshaft. In this way, the pump speed, and therefore the fluid flow rate, is proportional to the engine speed, i.e. revolutions per minute (RPM). As the engine RPMs increase, the coolant flow rate increases. In some situations, this configuration is preferable in order to roughly correspond cooling capacity with heat production from the engine. However, it has been found that certain high RPM conditions can produce flow rates that exceed the necessary cooling capacity, and/or can be detrimental to various components of the cooling system. Specifically, higher flow rates can lead to increased erosion of the internal passages of the heat exchanger, which can shorten the lifespan of the heat exchanger. The desirable flow rate ranges can vary with application and equipment, but for example some coolant systems have been found to produce flow rates in excess of 450 liters per minute in certain high RPM conditions, while only requiring flow rates in the order of 220 liters per minute.
- Prior solutions to regulate coolant flow have typically been complex, costly, or resulted in restricted flow at lower flow rates. For example, some coolant systems use complex valves, other systems use devices that restrict flow at all flow rates, or become closed to flow when certain flow or pressure conditions are exceeded. Other systems are known to decouple the pump operation from the engine speed by utilizing an electrically driven pump. Flow rates of these electric pumps can be controlled based on temperature and flow rate sensors. However, the cost and complexity of such systems can be undesirable. Accordingly, a need exists for an improved internal combustion engine coolant system having low resistance during low RPM conditions, while regulating flow during high RPM conditions.
- This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.
- The present teachings provide for a flow restrictor for a coolant line of an internal combustion engine coolant system. The flow restrictor can include a restrictor element and a biasing member. The restrictor element can be configured for rotation about a pivot axis within a flow path of the coolant line. The restrictor element can include a first restrictor plate and a tab. The first restrictor plate can extend in a first direction. The tab can extend in a second direction different than the first direction. The biasing member can be configured to generate a first torque about the pivot axis to bias the restrictor element toward a first rotational position. In the first rotational position, the first restrictor plate can be substantially parallel to a central axis of the flow path. A second torque about the pivot axis is generated when a fluid flows through the flow path and contacts the tab. The second torque can be opposite the first torque and can exceed the first torque to rotate the restrictor element to a second rotational position when the fluid flows through the flow path at a flowrate greater than a first predetermined flowrate. The first restrictor plate can be configured to block a portion of the flow path to limit the fluid to a second predetermined flowrate.
- The present teachings further provide for a coolant system for an internal combustion engine. The coolant system can include a coolant conduit, a flow restrictor, and a biasing member. The coolant conduit can define a flow passageway configured to circulate a coolant fluid through the coolant conduit. The flow restrictor can be disposed within the flow passageway and can include a pivot member, a first restrictor plate, and a tab. The pivot member can be rotatably coupled to the coolant conduit and configured to rotate about a pivot axis. The first restrictor plate can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom. The tab can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom at an angle relative to the first restrictor plate. The biasing member can be configured to bias the pivot member toward a first rotational position. A torque about the pivot axis is generated when the coolant fluid flows through the flow passageway and contacts the tab. When the coolant fluid flows through the flow passageway at a flowrate greater than a predetermined flowrate the torque can overcome the biasing member to rotate the pivot member to a second rotational position. When in the first rotational position, a first area of the flow passageway can be restricted by the tab. When in the second rotational position, a second area of the flow passageway can be restricted by the restrictor plate. The second area can be greater than the first area.
- The present teachings further provide for a coolant system for an internal combustion engine. The coolant system can includea heat exchanger, a coolant circuit, a flow restrictor, and a biasing member. The heat exchanger can include an inlet port and an outlet port. The coolant circuit can include a supply conduit and a return conduit. The supply conduit can be coupled for fluid communication with the inlet port and can define a supply passageway configured to convey a coolant fluid from the engine to the heat exchanger. The return conduit can be coupled for fluid communication with the outlet port and can define a return passageway configured to convey the coolant fluid from the heat exchanger to the engine. The flow restrictor can be disposed within one of the supply passageway or the return passageway. The flow restrictor can include a pivot member, a first restrictor plate, and a tab. The pivot member can be rotatably coupled to the one of the supply conduit or the return conduit that the flow restrictor is disposed within and can be configured to rotate about a pivot axis. The first restrictor plate can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom in a first direction. The tab can be fixedly coupled to the pivot member and can extend radially therefrom in a second direction different than the first direction. The biasing member can be configured to bias the pivot member toward a first rotational position. In the first rotational position, the first restrictor plate can be substantially parallel to a central axis of the one the supply passageway or the return passageway. A torque about the pivot axis is generated when a fluid flows through the one of the supply passageway and the return passageway and contacts the tab. When the coolant fluid flows through the coolant circuit at a flowrate greater than a predetermined flowrate the torque can overcome the biasing member to rotate the pivot member to a second rotational position. When in the first rotational position, a first area of the one of the supply passageway or the return passageway can be restricted by the tab. When in the second rotational position, a second area of the one of the supply passageway or the return passageway can be restricted by the restrictor plate. The second area can be greater than the first area.
- Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
- The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
-
FIG. 1 is an exemplary vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a coolant system with a flow restrictor in accordance with the present teachings; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the flow restrictor ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a section view of the flow restrictor ofFIG. 1 in a first position; -
FIG. 4 is a section view of the flow restrictor ofFIG. 3 in a second position; -
FIG. 5 is a section view of the flow restrictor ofFIG. 1 having another configuration and in a first position in accordance with the present teachings; -
FIG. 6 is a section view of the flow restrictor ofFIG. 5 in a second position; and -
FIG. 7 is graph comparing flowrate through the flow restrictor ofFIG. 1 to engine speed. - Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
- Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- With reference to
FIG. 1 , avehicle 10 is illustrated as having aninternal combustion engine 14 and acoolant system 18. In the example provided thevehicle 10 is illustrated as a truck, however, it is understood that thevehicle 10 can be any type of vehicle having an internal combustion engine, such as a passenger car, bus, recreational vehicle, military vehicle, aircraft, or watercraft for example. It is also understood that thecoolant system 18 may be used with an internal combustion engine not disposed in a vehicle, such as a generator, agricultural machinery, industrial machinery, construction equipment, or military equipment for example. In the example provided, thecoolant system 18 is located at afront portion 22 of thevehicle 10, although other configurations or locations can be used. - The
engine 14 can include anengine block 26, a crankshaft (not shown), adrive pulley 34, and abelt 38, for example. It is understood that theengine 14 can be any type of internal combustion engine, such as a piston-cylinder engine or a rotary engine, for example. Theengine block 26 can define an engine inlet 42, anengine outlet 46, and at least one engine passage (not shown) extending through a portion of theengine block 26. It is understood that the engine passage can pass through other portions of theengine 14 as well, such as a cylinder head of a piston-cylinder engine for example. The engine passage can be in fluid communication with the engine inlet 42 and theengine outlet 46 to allow a coolant fluid (not shown) to flow through theengine block 26 and absorb heat from theengine 14. - The crankshaft can be rotatably mounted within the
engine block 26 and configured to be coupled to a prime mover element (not shown) within theengine block 26. The prime mover element can be any type of prime mover element configured to translate combustion energy into rotation of the crankshaft, such as a piston of a piston-cylinder engine, or a rotor of a rotary engine for example. Thedrive pulley 34 can be non-rotatably coupled to the crankshaft to rotate therewith. Thedrive pulley 34 can be coupled to thebelt 38 to rotatably drive thebelt 38. - The
coolant system 18 can include aheat exchanger 54, asupply conduit 58, areturn conduit 62, apump 66, and aflow restrictor 70. Thecoolant system 18 can further include athermostat 74. Theheat exchanger 54 can be any type of heat exchanger, such as a radiator, or a parallel plate heat exchanger for example, for example. - In the example provided, the
heat exchanger 54 is a radiator having aradiator body 78, a plurality oftubes 82, a plurality of fins (not shown). Theradiator body 78 can have afirst face 90 and a second face (not shown) opposite to thefirst face 90, and can define aradiator inlet 98 and aradiator outlet 102. In the example provided, theradiator body 78 is generally rectangular in shape, although other configurations can be used. - The
tubes 82 can extend through theradiator body 78 and be configured to allow the coolant fluid to flow through thetubes 82. Theradiator inlet 98 andradiator outlet 102 can be in fluid communication with opposite ends of thetubes 82 to allow the coolant fluid to pass from theradiator inlet 98, through thetubes 82, and to theradiator outlet 102. Thetubes 82 can be arranged in theradiator body 78 such that air can flow through thefirst face 90 and pass over thetubes 82 before exiting theradiator body 78 through the second face. - The air passing over and between the
tubes 82 can absorb heat from the coolant fluid to dissipate the heat to the atmosphere. The coolant fluid can be any type of coolant liquid such as anti-freeze, or water for example. In the example provided, thetubes 82 are parallel and horizontally oriented with regard to theradiator body 78, although other configurations can be used, such as vertical tubes or serpentine tubes, for example. The fins can extend between thetubes 82 to assist in the dissipation of heat from the coolant fluid as it passes through thetubes 82. In the example provided, theheat exchanger 54 dissipates heat to the atmosphere, although other configurations can be used, such as dissipating heat to inside a passenger compartment of thevehicle 10, or to a secondary coolant system (not shown) via a second coolant fluid (not shown), for example. While the natural airflow passing through theradiator body 78, between the fins andtubes 82, can carry heat away from theheat exchanger 54, a fan (not shown) can be used to force air through theradiator body 78. In the example provided, theheat exchanger 54 is located toward thefront 22 of thevehicle 10, although other locations can be used. - The
supply conduit 58 can have afirst end 106 and asecond end 110. Thefirst end 106 can be proximate to theengine 14 and coupled for fluid communication with theengine outlet 46. Thesecond end 110 can be proximate to theheat exchanger 54 and coupled for fluid communication with theradiator inlet 98. Thereturn conduit 62 can have athird end 114 and afourth end 118. Thethird end 114 can be proximate to theheat exchanger 54 and coupled for fluid communication with theradiator outlet 102. Thefourth end 118 can be proximate to theengine 14 and coupled for fluid communication with the engine inlet 42. Thus thesupply conduit 58 and returnconduit 62 can form acoolant circuit 122 for circulating the coolant fluid from theengine 14, through thesupply conduit 58, to theheat exchanger 54, and back to theengine 14 through thereturn conduit 62. It is understood that some of the coolant fluid can be diverted to, and returned from, other components not shown, such as a heater core for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system for example. - The
pump 66 can be any type of pump for pumping the coolant fluid through thecoolant circuit 122, such as an impeller pump for example. Thepump 66 can be inline with thecoolant circuit 122 and configured to circulate the coolant fluid through thesupply conduit 58, thereturn conduit 62, theengine 14, and theheat exchanger 54. Thepump 66 can be mounted to theengine 14 and drivingly coupled to theengine 14. Thepump 66 can have apump pulley 126 that can be coupled to thebelt 38 to be rotatably driven by the crankshaft by way of rotation of thebelt 38. Rotation of thepump pulley 126 can cause thepump 66 to circulate the coolant fluid within thecoolant circuit 122. In the example provided, thepump 66 is inline with thereturn conduit 62, between thefourth end 118 and the engine inlet 42, but other locations along thecoolant circuit 122 can be used, such as inline with thesupply conduit 58 for example. - The
thermostat 74 can have athermostat body 130, a valve (not shown) and a sensing element (not shown). Thethermostat body 130 can be inline with thecoolant circuit 122 at any location within thecoolant circuit 122 to prevent flow of the coolant fluid through thecoolant circuit 122, as will be described below. In the example provided, thethermostat body 130 is inline with thesupply conduit 58, between thefirst end 106 andsecond end 110, though other configurations can be used, such as between theengine outlet 46 andfirst end 106, mounted to theradiator inlet 98 orradiator outlet 102, inline with thereturn conduit 62, between thefourth end 118 and the engine inlet 42, or inline with the engine passage, for example. - The valve can be disposed in the
thermostat body 130 and can be configured move between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the valve blocks flow of the coolant fluid through thethermostat body 130, to prevent flow through theheat exchanger 54. In the open position, the valve allows flow of the coolant fluid through thethermostat body 130 to allow flow through theheat exchanger 54. The sensing element can be configured to move the valve between the open and closed positions. The sensing element and valve can be configured such that the valve is in the closed position when the temperature of the coolant fluid is below a predetermined temperature. The sensing element and valve can be configured such that the valve is in the open position when the temperature of the coolant fluid is at or above the predetermined temperature. The predetermined temperature can correspond to a minimum recommended operating temperature of theengine 14. In this way, thethermostat 74 prevents thecoolant system 18 from removing heat from theengine 14 until theengine 14 reaches a desired minimum operating temperature. - The
thermostat 74 can be operated mechanically, such that the sensing element can physically change states, or position, based to the temperature of the coolant fluid, causing the valve to be opened or closed, as is known in the art. For example, the sensing element can include a substance (not shown), typically a wax, within thethermostat 74 that can melt at the predetermined temperature, which can cause the valve to open. When the temperature of the coolant fluid drops below the predetermined temperature, the substance can reconstitute back to its original form to cause the valve to close. Thethermostat 74 can be configured to generally be either fully open or fully closed. The thermostat can alternatively be operated by an electro-mechanical actuator (not shown), and the sensing element can be configured to send an electrical signal to the electro-mechanical actuator to move the valve between the open and closed positions based on the temperature of the coolant fluid relative to the predetermined temperature. Thermostats are generally either fully open or fully closed, and operate based on temperature, not based on flow rate. - The flow restrictor 70 can be inline with the
coolant circuit 122. In the example provided, theflow restrictor 70 is inline with thesupply conduit 58, between thefirst end 106 and thesecond end 110, although other configurations can be used. For example, theflow restrictor 70 can be inline with the return conduit, or mounted to theradiator inlet 98, orradiator outlet 102 for example. The flow restrictor 70 can also be mounted to, or integrally formed with thethermostat body 130. - With reference to
FIGS. 2-4 , theflow restrictor 70 can have amain body 210, a restrictingelement 214, and a biasingmember 218. Themain body 210 can have anupstream end 222 and adownstream end 226, anexterior 230, and can be generally hollow to define aflow path 234 between theupstream end 222 anddownstream end 226. Themain body 210 can also have astop element 238 and can define apivot aperture 242 that can extend through themain body 210 between aninner surface 250 and theexterior 230. - The
main body 210 can be configured to allow the coolant fluid to flow in aflow direction 246 throughflow path 234. Theflow path 234 can be a generally cylindrical shape defined by theinner surface 250 and having acentral axis 254 parallel to theflow direction 246. While theflow path 234 of the present example is generally cylindrical, other configurations may be used. - The restricting
element 214 can include apivot rod 258, a restrictingplate 262, and atab 266. Thepivot rod 258 can extend betweenopposite sides central axis 254. Thepivot rod 258 can be centered in themain body 210 such that thepivot rod 258 intersects thecentral axis 254. Thepivot rod 258 can be pivotally mounted to themain body 210 for rotation within theflow path 234 about apivot axis 278. Thepivot axis 278 can be perpendicular to thecentral axis 254 and can intersect thecentral axis 254. - The biasing
member 218 can rotationally bias the restrictingelement 214 toward a first rotational position A, shown inFIG. 3 . The biasingmember 218 can be a torsional spring having afirst end 282 coupled to themain body 210 and asecond end 286 coupled to thepivot rod 258. Thepivot aperture 242 can extend through one of thesides main body 210 and can be coaxial with thepivot axis 278. In the example provided, anend 290 of thepivot rod 258 extends through thepivot aperture 242 beyond theexterior 230 of themain body 210, and thefirst end 282 of the biasingmember 218 is mounted to theexterior 230 of themain body 210. It is understood that the biasingmember 218 can alternatively be located within themain body 210 and thepivot aperture 242 need not extend fully through themain body 210 to theexterior 230. The restrictingplate 262 andtab 266 can be non-rotatably, or fixedly coupled to thepivot rod 258 for rotation therewith. - With specific reference to
FIG. 3 , theflow restrictor 70 is shown with the restrictingelement 214 in the first rotational position A. The flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated byarrows 294. In the first position A the restrictingplate 262 can extend from thepivot rod 258 toward theupstream end 222, substantially parallel to thecentral axis 254. In the example provided, the restrictingplate 262 is generally semi-circular in shape, although any other suitable shape can be used, such as an elliptical, rectangular, or irregular shape, for example. In the example provided, the restrictingplate 262 extends a length substantially equal to the radius of theflow path 234. However, the restrictingplate 262 can be longer or shorter than the radius of theflow path 234. - The
tab 266 can extend from thepivot rod 258 at anattack angle 298 relative to the restrictingplate 262. Theattack angle 298 can be greater than zero degrees and less than one hundred and eighty degrees, for example. Theattack angle 298 can also be between 180° and 360° relative to the restrictingplate 262. In the example provided, thetab 266 has a generally rectangular shape, although any other suitable shapes can be used, such as an elliptical, semi-circular, or irregular shape, for example. - In the example provided, the
tab 266 is spaced apart from thesides flow path 234, such that the coolant fluid can flow around the sides of thetab 266, between the tab and theflow path 234. However, thetab 266 can alternatively extend the entire width of theflow path 234, fromside 270 toside 274. Thetab 266 can have a significantly smaller surface area than the restrictingplate 262, such that in the first position A, the coolant fluid is free to flow through theflow path 234 with little restriction, and the flow is only restricted by the width of thepivot rod 258 and the relatively small surface area of thetab 266. - The biasing
member 218 provides anopening torque 302 on thepivot rod 258 to bias the restrictingelement 214 toward the first rotational position A. The dynamic fluid pressures of the coolant fluid acting on thetab 266 create aclosing torque 306 on thepivot rod 258. When the flow of the coolant fluid is less than a predetermined flow rate, the closingtorque 306 is insufficient to overcome theopening torque 302 of the biasingmember 218. Thus, with the exception of minor fluctuations, or deviations, the restrictingelement 214 is held generally in the first position A when the coolant fluid flows through theflow path 234 at a flow rate less than the predetermined flow rate. - With specific reference to
FIG. 4 , theflow restrictor 70 is shown in a second rotational position B. In the second rotational position, the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated byarrows 310. When the flow rate of the coolant fluid exceeds the predetermined flow rate, the closingtorque 306 overcomes theopening torque 302 provided by the biasingmember 218. Once the closingtorque 306 is greater than the openingtorque 302, thepivot rod 258 begins to rotate about thepivot axis 278. Rotation of thepivot rod 258 causes rotation of the restrictingplate 262 off ofcentral axis 254 and into an intermediate position (not shown) between the first position A and the second position B which the restrictingplate 262 is at anangle 314 relative to thecentral axis 254, and thus also relative to theflow 310 of the coolant fluid. When in the intermediate position, theangle 314 is greater than zero degrees and less than ninety degrees. As theangle 314 increases, the dynamic fluid pressure of the coolant fluid acting on the restrictingplate 262 sharply increases, further increasing theclosing torque 306, and causing thepivot rod 258 to rotate into the second rotational position B. As thepivot rod 258 rotates, and theangle 314 increases, the restrictingplate 262 rotates into theflow path 234 to block, or restrict theflow 310 of the coolant fluid without fully blocking all of theflow 310 through theflow path 234. In the second rotational position B, the coolant fluid can be generally free to flow through the portion of theflow path 234 not blocked by the restrictingplate 262. While the example provided shows the restrictingplate 262 blocking half of theflow path 234, the restrictingplate 262 can be configured to allow some flow through that half, such as through apertures (not shown) in the restrictingplate 262, or where the restrictingplate 262 has a radius less than the radius of theflow path 234, for example. - The
stop element 238 can have astop body 318 configured to engage the restrictingelement 214 when the restrictingelement 214 is in the second rotational position B to prevent the restrictingelement 214 from rotating further due to theclosing torque 306. In the example provided, thestop body 318 is coupled to themain body 210 within theflow path 234, and extends from themain body 210, radially inward toward thecentral axis 254 to engage the restrictingplate 262. Thestop body 318 can alternatively, or additionally, be configured to engage thetab 266 orpivot rod 258 to prevent theclosing torque 306 from rotating the restrictingelement 214 past the second rotational position B. It is understood that thestop body 318 can alternatively be coupled to themain body 210 in other locations, such as within thepivot aperture 242, or on theexterior 230 of themain body 210, to engage thepivot rod 258. Although the example illustrated showsangle 314 between the restrictingplate 262 and thecentral axis 254 at the second rotational position B, as being ninety degrees, thestop element 238 can be positioned to stop rotation of the restrictingelement 214 such that theangle 314 is less than ninety degrees, in order to allow some flow around the restrictingplate 262. - With additional reference to
FIG. 7 , the relationship between flowrate of the coolant fluid and engine speed (RPM) is shown. The flowrate in thecoolant system 18 without theflow restrictor 70 in thecoolant circuit 122 is generally indicated by dashedline 718. Theflowrate 718 can generally be directly proportional to the engine speed, such that the flowrate increases steadily as engine speed increases. The flowrate of thecoolant system 18 with theflow restrictor 70 is shown assolid line 722. Theflowrate 722 can be generally proportional to the engine speed until apredetermined flowrate 726 is reached. Once thepredetermined flowrate 726 is reached, the restrictingelement 214 of theflow restrictor 70 moves to the second rotational position, as discussed above, to limit theflowrate 722 to thepredetermined flowrate 726. Thepredetermined flowrate 726 can be a flowrate such that erosion within certain components of thecoolant circuit 122 is minimized, such as thetubes 82 of theheat exchanger 54 for example. - With reference to
FIGS. 5 and 6 , theflow restrictor 70 is shown having a restrictingelement 510 of another configuration in a first rotational position C (FIG. 5 ) and a second rotational position D (FIG. 6 ). Restrictingelement 510 is similar to restrictingelement 214, and includes apivot rod 514, a first restrictingplate 518, and atab 522, unlike the restrictingelement 214, the restrictingelement 510 can further include a second restrictingplate 526. Thetab 522 can extend from thepivot rod 514 at anattack angle 530 relative to the first restrictingplate 518, similar toattack angle 298. Thepivot rod 514, first restrictingplate 518, andtab 522 can be substantially similar topivot rod 258, restrictingplate 262, andtab 266, and their descriptions are incorporated herein by reference. - The second restricting
plate 526 can be non-rotatably coupled to thepivot rod 514 for rotation therewith. The second restrictingplate 526 can extend from thepivot rod 514 at a straight angle, or 180°, relative to the first restrictingplate 518. In the first position C, the second restrictingplate 526 extends substantially parallel to thecentral axis 254 and toward thedownstream end 226 of themain body 210. In the example provided, the first restrictingplate 518 and the second restrictingplate 526 are substantially similar in size and shape, although other configurations can be used. In the example provided, the first restrictingplate 518 and second restrictingplate 526 each have a semi-circular shape with a radial length less than the radius of theflow path 234, to allow flow around the first and second restrictingplates plate 518 and second restrictingplate 526 can alternatively have a radial length substantially equal to the radius of theflow path 234, while allowing flow through orifices (not shown) formed in the first and second restrictingplates plates - In the first position C, the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by
arrows 534. The coolant fluid is free to flow through theflow path 234 with little restriction, and the flow is only restricted by the width of thepivot rod 514 and the relatively small surface area of thetab 522. The biasingmember 218 can be coupled topivot rod 514 substantially similarly to pivotrod 258, to provide anopening torque 538 on thepivot rod 514 to bias thepivot rod 514 toward the first position. The dynamic fluid pressures acting on thetab 522 create aclosing torque 542 on thepivot rod 514. When the flow of the coolant fluid is less than a predetermined flow rate, the closingtorque 542 can be insufficient to overcome theopening torque 538 of the biasingmember 218. Thus, with the exception of minor fluctuations, or deviations, the restrictingelement 510 is held generally in the first position C when the coolant fluid flows through theflow path 234 at a flow rate less than the predetermined flow rate. - In the second position D, the flow of the coolant fluid is generally indicated by
arrows 546. When the flow rate of the coolant fluid exceeds the predetermined flow rate, the closingtorque 542 is greater than the openingtorque 538 provided by the biasingmember 218. Once the closingtorque 542 is greater than the openingtorque 538, thepivot rod 514 begins to rotate. Rotation of thepivot rod 514 causes rotation of the first andsecond restriction plates central axis 254 into an intermediate position (not shown) where the first restrictingplate 518 is at anangle 550 relative to thecentral axis 254, and thus relative to theflow 546 of the coolant fluid. When in the intermediate position, theangle 550 is greater than zero degrees and less than 90°. - As the
angle 550 increases, the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the first restrictingplate 518 sharply increases, further increasing theclosing torque 542. The dynamic fluid pressure acting on the second restrictingplate 526 causes theopening torque 538 to increase. Since the second restrictingplate 526 trails in the direction of thefluid flow 546, and the first restrictingplate 518 leads in the direction of thefluid flow 546, the velocity of the coolant fluid between the first restrictingplate 518 and theflow path 234 is relatively lower than the velocity of the coolant fluid between the second restrictingplate 526 and the flow path. Thus, the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the first restrictingplate 518 is higher than the dynamic fluid pressure acting on the second restrictingplate 526, which causes theclosing torque 542 to increase greater than the openingtorque 538, and thepivot rod 514 is rotated into the second rotational position. - In the second position D, the dynamic forces acting on the first and second restricting
plates opening torque 538 of the biasingmember 218. The amount of theopening torque 538 created by the biasingmember 218 can be relatively minor compared to theclosing torque 542 created by the balancing dynamic fluid pressures of the fluid acting on the first restrictingplate 518 and the second restrictingplate 526 when the first and second restrictingplates flow path 234, resulting in a quick transition between the first rotational position C and the second rotational position D. - As the
pivot rod 514 rotates and theangle 550 increases, the first and second restrictingplates flow path 234 to block or restrict theflow 546 of the coolant fluid, without fully blocking all of theflow 546 through theflow path 234. In the example provided, the restrictingplates central axis 254, due to the relatively small force of the biasingmember 218 relative to the dynamic fluid pressures on the first and second restrictingplates plates member 218. For example, the first and second restrictingplates angle 550 is less than 90° relative to thecentral axis 254. Such a position can be designed to reduce turbulence downstream of the restrictingplates flow path 234 not blocked by the first and second restrictingplates plates flow path 234, the first and second restrictingplates flow path 234 while allowing some flow through apertures (not shown) in either or both of the first and second restrictingplates - The
stop body 318 of thestop element 238 can engage the restrictingelement 510 when the restrictingelement 510 is in the second rotational position D to prevent the restrictingelement 510 from rotating further due to theclosing torque 542, similarly to the restrictingelement 214. In the example provided, thestop body 318 is coupled to themain body 210, and extends radially inward towards thecentral axis 254 to engage the first restrictingplate 518. Thestop body 318 can also be configured to engage thepivot rod 514,tab 522, or second restrictingplate 526 for example, as described above with respect to restrictingelement 214. The operation of thecoolant system 18 with restrictingelement 214 and restrictingelement 510 can be substantially similar with regard to flowrates and engine speed, as that discussed above with regard toFIG. 7 . - The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
- Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
- The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
- When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
- Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
- Spatially relative terms, such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Claims (20)
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US14/321,207 US10059191B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2014-07-01 | Low resistance flow regulator |
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US20160001650A1 true US20160001650A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
US10059191B2 US10059191B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
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US20210123630A1 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2021-04-29 | Nevin Wagner | Variable slot length adjustment vent |
US11181198B2 (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2021-11-23 | Ckd Corporation | Non-sealed butterfly valve and method for producing the same |
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US11844342B2 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-12-19 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Electronically controlled valve system for distributing particulate material |
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