US20150165120A1 - Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management - Google Patents

Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20150165120A1
US20150165120A1 US14/631,891 US201514631891A US2015165120A1 US 20150165120 A1 US20150165120 A1 US 20150165120A1 US 201514631891 A US201514631891 A US 201514631891A US 2015165120 A1 US2015165120 A1 US 2015165120A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
user
glucose
insulin
measurement
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/631,891
Inventor
Ian Shadforth
David Price
Gretchen Anderson
Lorraine COMSTOCK
Mary McEvoy
Graham Douglas
Alexander Strachan
Alistair Longmuir
Robert CAVAYE
Gillian TEFT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cilag GmbH International
Lifescan IP Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
LifeScan Scotland Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=42797401&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20150165120(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by LifeScan Scotland Ltd filed Critical LifeScan Scotland Ltd
Priority to US14/631,891 priority Critical patent/US20150165120A1/en
Publication of US20150165120A1 publication Critical patent/US20150165120A1/en
Assigned to LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LIMITED reassignment LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCEVOY, MARY, SHADFORTH, IAN, CAVAYE, ROBERT, COMSTOCK, LORRAINE, DOUGLAS, GRAHAM, LONGMUIR, ALISTAIR, STRACHAN, ALEXANDER, TEFT, GILLIAN, ANDERSON, GRETCHEN, PRICE, DAVID
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC
Assigned to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC
Assigned to LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC reassignment LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL
Assigned to CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL reassignment CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LTD.
Assigned to CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL reassignment CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE DELETING PROPERTY NUMBER 6990849, 7169116, 7351770, 7462265,7468125, 7572356, 8093903, 8486245, 8066866 AND ADD 10431140 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 050839 FRAME: 0634. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LTD.
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC., JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC., LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC. RELEASE OF SECOND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED OCT. 3, 2018, REEL/FRAME 047186/0836 Assignors: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/172Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
    • A61M5/1723Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/486Bio-feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4866Evaluating metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • A61B5/7282Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition
    • G06F19/3418
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/12Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Definitions

  • the patient may need to learn, for example, various concepts and actions including hypoglycemia management, injections and the proper use of insulin administration devices, as well as the mechanical, electronic, and software aspects of using a blood glucose meter.
  • the patient must learn to follow the doctor's instructions in starting and adjusting insulin dosages on a regular basis (e.g., per meal, daily, 2 ⁇ weekly, or weekly basis).
  • a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user is provided.
  • the method may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; based on the user's selection, recommending an insulin bolus amount for (a) glucose correction only; (b) carbohydrate coverage only; or (c) both carbohydrate and glucose correction; and annunciating the insulin bolus recommendation.
  • the first predetermined time period may range from about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes, preferably range from about 60 to about 120 minutes, and more preferably range from about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes.
  • a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; querying the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last predetermined amount of time and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin and recommending an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction.
  • the predetermined amount of time may range from about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
  • a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; determining an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and reminding the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value.
  • a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user may be achieved by: flagging a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period.
  • method of notifying a diabetes user of certain glycemic condition of the user with an analyte measurement and management device is provided.
  • the method may be achieved by: conducting a glucose measurement before a meal with the analyte measurement and management device; flagging the before meal glucose measurement in a memory of the test meter as a pre-meal glucose value; conducting a glucose measurement after a meal with the analyte measurement and management device; flagging the after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the test meter as a post-meal value; determining whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into milliMole per Liter unit); and notifying the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) and reminding the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diabetes management system that includes an analyte measurement and management device, therapeutic dosing devices, and data communication devices, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface of the analyte measurement and management device for managing diabetes, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3A is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3B is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus with either a glucose correction only, a carbohydrate coverage only, or a combination of a glucose and carbohydrate coverage together, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3C is a flow chart illustrating yet another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus with either a glucose correction only, a carbohydrate coverage only, or both glucose and carbohydrate coverage together, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3D is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus that includes a warning that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for setting up a bolus calculator, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an amount of carbohydrates, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a glucose test, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a high/low glucose reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a post-meal reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for setting up the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic illustrating first screen shots of a user interface where a flag selection “Before Lunch” is highlighted by having an increased font size, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic illustrating second screen shots of a user interface where a flag selection “After Breakfast” is highlighted by having an increased font size, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for predicting a type of flag to recommend to a user for inputting into the diabetes management system.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a top portion of a circuit board of the analyte measurement and management device of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom portion of the circuit board of the analyte measurement and management device of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of the functional components of an insulin pump, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • the terms “about” or “approximately” for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein.
  • the terms “patient,” “host,” “user,” and “subject” refer to any human or animal subject and are not intended to limit the systems or methods to human use, although use of the subject invention in a human patient represents a preferred embodiment.
  • Embodiments described and illustrated herein provide an analyte (e.g., blood glucose) measurement and management device and associated methods that simplify training and guide a patient regarding when to measure an analyte (i.e., to “test”) and how much and when to administer a therapeutic agent (such as insulin) in a simple and convenient manner and with a minimum of devices.
  • analyte measurement and management device and system are also beneficial to care providers (for example, physicians) by gathering, organizing and storing information that provides insight into how effective a patient is in following a prescribed analyte management regimen.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diabetes management system that includes an analyte measurement and management device 10 , therapeutic dosing devices ( 28 and 48 ), and data communication devices ( 68 , 26 , and 70 ).
  • Analyte measurement and management device 10 may be configured to wirelessly communicate with a data management unit or DMU such as, for example, an insulin pen 28 , an insulin pump 48 , a mobile phone 68 , a personal computer 26 (including a mobile computer), or a network server 70 , or through a combination of the exemplary data management unit devices described herein.
  • a data management unit or DMU such as, for example, an insulin pen 28 , an insulin pump 48 , a mobile phone 68 , a personal computer 26 (including a mobile computer), or a network server 70 , or through a combination of the exemplary data management unit devices described herein.
  • DMU represents either individual unit 28 , 48 , 68 , 26 or 70 separately or all of the data management units ( 28 , 48 , 68 , 26 , and 70 ) usable together in a disease management system.
  • analyte measurement and management device 10 may be referred to as a glucose meter, a meter, an analyte measurement device, and a testing device.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface 2001 implemented in, for example, the meter 10 .
  • the user interface 2001 provides recommendations and warnings to a user as part of the user's diabetes management.
  • programs and methods for conducting user interface 2001 may be stored on a non-volatile memory portion of glucose meter 10 .
  • Steps and instructions of user interface 2001 may be communicated on a communication output unit such as, for example, a display 14 of glucose meter 10 .
  • the diabetes management 2001 may be implemented using meter 10 without the need for an external computer, personal digital assistant, or wireless insulin pump.
  • the term “user” is intended to indicate primarily a mammalian subject (e.g., a person) who has diabetes but which term may also include a caretaker or a healthcare provider who is operating the meter 10 on behalf of the diabetes subject.
  • a user may select a particular function or sub-routine from a list of selections within a main menu 2000 .
  • the list may include the following functions that are to calculate an insulin bolus 300 , configure settings for insulin bolus calculator 400 , calculate a carbohydrate amount 500 , perform a glucose test 600 , configure settings for a high/low glucose reminder 900 , communicate glucose value or concentration averages 1000 , communicate glucose value or concentration summary 1100 , and perform medication reminders 1200 .
  • the following sub-routines may also be performed which include a high/low glucose reminder 700 , after meal test reminder 800 , and a pattern and trend analysis 899 .
  • glucose test 600 may be appended to have a method 690 for predicting a type of flag to recommend to a user for inputting into the diabetes management system ( FIG. 11 ).
  • a user or the HCP may select a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 from the main menu.
  • insulin bolus calculation 300 may be one of several embodiments such as 300 A, 300 B, 300 C, and 300 D or a combination of all of these embodiments together.
  • three types of insulin boluses are described herein, which are an insulin bolus amount for: (a) carbohydrate coverage, (b) glucose correction, or (c) a combination thereof.
  • the insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage may be an amount of insulin needed to account for carbohydrates about to be consumed at a meal.
  • the insulin bolus amount for a glucose measurement correction may be an amount of insulin needed to account for a user's measured glucose value that is greater than the euglycemic zone.
  • the combination (e.g., carbohydrate value and measured glucose value) correction may be an amount of insulin needed to account for carbohydrates about to be consumed and the user's measured glucose value.
  • FIG. 3A is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 A with a carbohydrate and glucose corrections.
  • the meter may determine whether the insulin calculator is already setup, as shown in a step 302 . If the insulin calculator is not setup, then the method may move to an insulin bolus calculator settings function 400 (described below). If the insulin calculator has been setup, then the interface 2001 (which is implemented exemplarily in meter 10 ) may determine whether the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in a step 304 .
  • a message may be annunciated that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305 , when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old.
  • the term “annunciated” and variations on the root term indicate that an announcement may be provided via text, audio, visual or a combination of all modes of communication to a user, a caretaker of the user, or a healthcare provider.
  • a recommended amount of carbohydrates may be outputted, as shown in a step 308 , where the glucose value or concentration of the user is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310 .
  • the amount of carbohydrate may represent an amount that is about to be consumed by the user.
  • the amount of carbohydrates inputted may range from about zero to about 999 grams.
  • a carbohydrate calculator 500 (described below) may be used to determine the amount of carbohydrates that is inputted at step 310 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus may be outputted, as shown in a step 312 A.
  • the recommended insulin bolus amount includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction of a recent measured glucose value of the user.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 , such as, for example, about zero to about 999 units.
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 , which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000 .
  • FIG. 3B is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 B.
  • the method 300 B allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof.
  • a first predetermined time period e.g., from about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old
  • the user is given the option to estimate carbohydrates for the insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, as shown in a step 318 .
  • the user may be given the option to select an estimate carbohydrate option (a step 318 ), a calculate carbohydrate option (a step 320 ), a no carbohydrate option (a step 322 ), or a no glucose correction (a step 324 ).
  • an estimate carbohydrate option a step 318
  • a calculate carbohydrate option a step 320
  • a no carbohydrate option a step 322
  • a no glucose correction a step 324
  • the term “measured glucose value” is used to denote a glucose amount present in a physiological sample of the user or an approximate concentration in the user.
  • measured glucose value is also used interchangeably with the term “measured glucose concentration” herein.
  • a recommended amount of carbohydrates that is about to be consumed may be outputted if the user selects the estimate carbohydrates option, as shown in a step 308 .
  • the estimate carbohydrate option causes a bolus amount to be determined that includes both a carbohydrate and glucose correction.
  • the recommended amount of carbohydrates may range from about 30 grams to about 50 grams, and preferably be about 30 grams.
  • a 30 gram default value is believed to be a relatively low value and reduces the risk that a user will overdose an insulin bolus.
  • the recommended amount of carbohydrate may be the last value inputted by the user.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus is outputted that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312 A.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the user may select the calculate carbohydrate option, as shown in a step 320 .
  • the calculate carbohydrate option provides a software database tool for determining an amount of carbohydrates using the carbohydrate calculator 500 (described below).
  • the output of carbohydrate calculator 500 may then be inputted into step 308 .
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus is outputted that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312 A.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the user may select the no insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage (i.e., “no-carb correction”), as shown in a step 322 , which causes the recommended insulin bolus to be outputted for glucose correction only, as shown in a step 312 B.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the user may select the no glucose correction, as shown in a step 324 , which causes a recommended amount of carbohydrates to be outputted that is about to be consumed, as shown in a step 308 .
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in step 312 C.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the method 300 B allows a user to customize the insulin bolus to account for carbohydrates that are about to be consumed, a current measured glucose value, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 3C is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 C.
  • the method 300 C allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof by asking the user whether to adjust insulin based on a meal and/or a target glucose value or concentration of the user.
  • a recommended amount of carbohydrates to be consumed may be outputted to the user (step 308 ) after the insulin calculator has been set up (step 302 ).
  • the user may be given the option to adjust insulin for a meal, as shown in a step 326 .
  • the meter may query whether a HCP has provided an insulin sensitivity value, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value or concentration of the user, as shown in a step 303 .
  • the meter may move to the insulin bolus calculator settings if the user has the relevant values, as shown in a step 400 . Otherwise, the meter may provide a message that the user should seek the advice of a HCP before using the insulin bolus calculator, as shown in a step 306 .
  • the user may be given the option to adjust insulin based on a current measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in a step 328 . If the user also elects to not adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, a recommended insulin bolus amount of zero may be outputted, as shown in a step 312 D. However, if the user does opt to adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, then it must be determined that the most recent measured glucose value or concentration is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in step 304 .
  • a message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305 , when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus for glucose correction only may be outputted, as shown in a step 312 B.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the user may input an amount of carbohydrates, as shown in a step 310 .
  • the user may be given the option to adjust insulin based on a current measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in a step 332 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in a step 312 C.
  • the user does opt to adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, then it must be determined that the most recent measured glucose value or concentration is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in step 304 .
  • a message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305 , when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312 A.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • FIG. 3D is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 D.
  • the method 300 D allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof and accounts for the possibility of having insulin on board.
  • insulin on board refers to a situation where a previous insulin bolus inside a user's body is still affecting the metabolism of glucose. If a user has insulin on board and inputs another insulin bolus, there is a risk of hypoglycemia.
  • a recommended amount of carbohydrates to be consumed may be outputted to the user (step 308 ) after the insulin calculator has been set up (step 302 ).
  • the user then has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310 .
  • the meter may perform a series of queries such as determining whether a user inputted an insulin bolus that includes a glucose correction within the last 3 hours (a step 336 ), whether a user set a pre-meal flag with a glucose test within the last 3 hours (a step 338 ), and whether the last glucose test was flagged as post-meal within the last three hours (a step 340 ).
  • a warning message (e.g., text, audio, visual audio or even a message to the user's mobile phone) may be outputted that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, as shown in a step 344 .
  • a warning message should be outputted that the full bolus calculator should be used with a pre-meal glucose concentration and that only carbohydrate coverage should be provided, as shown in a step 345 .
  • a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in a step 312 C.
  • steps 336 , 338 , and 340 are not limited to only 3 hours and in other embodiments, the amount of time may range from about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • the amount of time can be set by a user or HCP where such time may be based on the pharmacokinetics of the user in responding to and metabolizing insulin.
  • the meter may determine whether the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in a step 304 .
  • a message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305 , when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330 .
  • the meter may perform a query of whether the insulin calculator has been used in the last three hours, as shown in a step 343 .
  • step 343 If there is an affirmative response to step 343 , then a warning message may be outputted that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, as shown in a step 344 . Next, a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for carbohydrate and glucose correction, as shown in a step 312 A. If there is a negative response to step 343 , then no warning message is provided and a recommended insulin bolus amount is outputted for carbohydrate and glucose correction, as shown in step 312 A. Similar to steps 336 , 338 , and 340 , step 343 is not limited to only 3 hours and may range from about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314 .
  • a confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316 .
  • the method 300 D provides several queries to determine whether a user has insulin on board and warns the user before another insulin bolus is administered.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment 400 for configuring the set up of the bolus calculator 300 .
  • a user may select an insulin sensitivity value, an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, and a target blood glucose value, as shown in steps 402 , 404 , and 405 . More specifically, the user may select a discrete insulin sensitivity value and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio for a particular meal such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
  • Insulin sensitivity values may range from about 5 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) to about 300 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter).
  • Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio may range from about 5 grams to about 50 grams.
  • Target blood glucose values may range from about 60 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) to about 290 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter).
  • a confirmation of the insulin sensitivity value and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 406 , which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000 .
  • a glucose correction dose may be calculated by using Equation 1.
  • the Glucose Correction Dose may be the amount of insulin needed to adjust the current measured glucose value or concentration to the euglycemic zone.
  • the Current G and Target G may be the current measured glucose value or concentration and the target glucose value or concentration, respectively.
  • the Insulin Sensitivity Factor may be a constant that is special to the user that relates to the proportional effectiveness of insulin.
  • the insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage dose may be calculated by using Equation 2.
  • the Carbohydrate Estimate may be the amount consumed by the user and Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio may be a constant that is special to the user relating to the proportional effectiveness of insulin on consumed carbohydrates.
  • a total insulin dose may be calculated by summing together the Glucose Correction Dose and the Carbohydrate Anticipatory Dose.
  • carbohydrate calculator 500 may be used to help the user covert their food intake into an amount of carbohydrates.
  • the carbohydrate calculator may include a food database that has a wide variety of common foods and the associated nutritional value.
  • the food database may be customized by the user and updated through connecting meter 10 to a computer.
  • a query may be communicated requesting that a user select a food category, sub-food category, food detail, food size, and food quantity, as shown in steps 502 , 504 , 506 , 508 , and 510 , after the user selects the carbohydrate calculator 500 from the main menu.
  • the food category may include selections such as “bread, pasta, starches,” “dairy & eggs,” “fruits & vegetables,” “meat & fish,” and “restaurants.”
  • the food category “bread, pasta, starches” may include the following sub-food categories such as bread, pasta, potato, pizza, and other.
  • the sub-food category pizza may include the following food detail such as cheese pizza, pepperoni pizza, Domino's Americano, Domino's Full House, and Pizza Hut Hawaiian.
  • the food detail pepperoni pizza may include the following food size such as small, medium, and large.
  • the food quantity for pepperoni pizza may include the number of servings or slices.
  • a query is communicated asking the user whether another food item needs to be inputted, as shown in a step 512 . If the user inputs yes to adding another food item, the carbohydrates calculator goes back to step 502 . If the user inputs no to adding another food item, the carbohydrates calculator 500 queries the user whether to calculate an insulin bolus, as shown in a step 514 . An output of the carbohydrate estimate and current measured glucose value or concentration may be outputted using the calculate insulin bolus 300 function, if the user selects yes to calculating an insulin bolus.
  • An output of the meal details may be outputted, as shown in a step 518 , if the user selects no to calculating an insulin bolus.
  • Meal details may include amount of carbohydrates, carbohydrate choices, calories, cholesterol, total fat, and sodium. Once the user presses an “ok” button, the user interface may go back to the main menu.
  • Performing a glucose test allows a user to know his/her glucose value or concentration of the user for a particular point in time.
  • users have difficulty determining when there is a prudent time period to test again, seek medical assistance, or change insulin therapy based on a high or low glucose reading, a time of eating a meal, a pattern or trend, or a combination thereof.
  • the following will describe a series of methods ( 600 , 700 , 800 , and 899 ) for helping users better manage their diabetes disease state by guiding a user to test at an appropriate time and frequency.
  • the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 , the post-meal reminder sub-routine 800 , and the pattern and trend analysis sub-routine 899 may be performed subsequent to the glucose test 600 .
  • the glucose test 600 may include inserting a biosensor, dosing blood onto the biosensor, and outputting a measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in steps 602 , 604 , and 606 .
  • the user may flag the result as fasting, then the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 may be initiated.
  • fasting may mean a period of time of greater than about 8 hours to about 10 hours after a meal.
  • a user may be presented with an option to flag the glucose result as fasting to indicate that no food was consumed within a time period before the test.
  • the user may be given the option to select other types of flags where the glucose measurement is indicated as being after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, before dinner, after dinner, and night in a simple manner, as illustrated by screen shots 610 and 612 for FIGS. 10A and 10B , respectively.
  • the user may press on a second button or a third button ( 18 , 20 ) to select the type of flag.
  • the process of using second and third button ( 18 , 20 ) causes the selected flag to appear in a larger font making it easy for the user to determine which flag was selected, as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B .
  • Areas 614 and 616 are examples of selected flags that have an increased font size relative to the unselected flags.
  • Fasting glucose measurements may be a more important indicator of a user's overall diabetes disease state than non-fasting glucose measurements.
  • FIGS. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 .
  • the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 may include determining whether the measured glucose value or concentration is within the euglycemic range (i.e., normal), as shown in a step 702 .
  • the euglycemic range may range from about 60-180 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter).
  • the high and low thresholds of the euglycemic range may be defined by the user in a high/low glucose reminder setting 900 .
  • the measured glucose value or concentration is not within the euglycemic range, then it is classified as either high or low, as shown in a step 704 .
  • a high reading may be a concentration greater than a high threshold and a low reading may be a concentration less than a low threshold. If the measured glucose value or concentration is within the euglycemic range, then the method moves to the after meal test reminder sub-routine 800 .
  • a measured glucose value or concentration lower than the low threshold may prompt the user that the glucose is low and to input a reminder to test within a first retest time period, as shown in a step 706 .
  • the first retest time period may range from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes.
  • a measured glucose value or concentration higher than the high threshold may cause a query to prompt the user to input a reminder to test within a second retest time period, as shown in a step 712 .
  • the second retest time period may range from about 30 minutes to about 180 minutes.
  • the second retest time period may be generally greater than the first retest time period because there is usually more urgency in re-testing when the measured glucose value or concentration is low.
  • FIGS. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a post-meal reminder sub-routine 800 .
  • the after meal reminder sub-routine 800 includes determining whether the measured glucose value or concentration should be flagged as pre-meal or post-meal, as shown in steps 814 and 816 . If the measured glucose value or concentration is flagged as pre-meal, the method should move to the insulin calculator 300 . If the measured glucose value or concentration is not flagged as pre-meal or post meal, the method will go back to main menu.
  • the predetermined difference range may be about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter).
  • An output message may be communicated notifying the user that the post-meal management of the glucose value or concentration of the user was within the predetermined difference range, as shown in a step 808 .
  • the method may then return to main menu 2000 after step 808 .
  • a different output message may be communicated notifying the user that the post-meal management of the glucose value or concentration of the user needs improvement if the post-meal glucose value or concentration of the user was not within a predetermined range of the pre-meal glucose value or concentration of the user, as shown in a step 804 .
  • a user may be prompted to input a reminder to test within a second retest time period, as shown in a step 806 .
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for configuring the set up of the high/low glucose reminder 800 .
  • a user may input a low glucose value or concentration threshold and a high glucose value or concentration threshold, as shown in steps 902 and 904 .
  • a confirmation of the high and low glucose value or concentration threshold may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 906 , which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000 .
  • Pattern and trend analysis sub-routine 899 may be performed to notify a user of their diabetes disease state.
  • a plurality of glucose measurements performed over time may be stored in the meter.
  • meter 10 may provide a warning, recommendation, or tip of an increased likelihood of hyperglycemia occurring in the future.
  • Embodiments suitable for use in the pattern and trend analysis sub-routine may be found in U.S. Provisional Application No. 12/052,639 (tentatively identified by Attorney Docket No. LFS-5181USNP), Ser. No. 11/688,639 (tentatively identified by Attorney Docket No. LFS-5158USNP); and U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. US20080154513, and which are hereby incorporated in whole by reference.
  • averages 1000 may be selected, which includes communicating the average glucose value or concentration of the user over a 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 day period.
  • averages may also be communicated for the 7 day period, all of the days, fasting, after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, before dinner, after dinner, night, no answer, and the number of tests performed.
  • glucose summary results 1100 may be selected, which includes communicating in a graphical format the highest reading, 30 day average, and lowest reading.
  • Glucose summary results 1100 may also include indicating the proportion of glucose readings above the high threshold, within range, and below the low threshold.
  • Glucose summary results 1100 may also include communicating a histogram indicating the frequency of particular glucose value or concentrations.
  • medication reminders 1200 may be selected, which includes allowing a user to input one or more medications into the user interface.
  • the medication reminder may help users remember to take medications. Some users may have trouble memorizing which medications to take and when to take them.
  • the user may input the amount of medication and the time to take the medication so that an appropriate alarm may be triggered.
  • the user may confirm the compliance by pressing a button on the user interface.
  • FIG. 11 An embodiment of a predictive process 690 is illustrated in FIG. 11 .
  • a type of flag Once a type of flag is recommended, the user will have the option of accepting the recommended flag or inputting a different one. Applicants believe that by recommending a correct flag at a high percentage of the time will cause users to flag measurements with a higher degree of compliance because only one button needs to be pressed to accept the recommendation. A user may have to use several button clicks to select a non-recommended flag, which is inconvenient to the user.
  • a type of flag may be recommended based on the time, the day, and/or past user testing patterns.
  • Predictive process 690 may be initiated after the output of a glucose value or concentration of the user (step 606 ).
  • the meter may then perform one of many sub-routines for predicting the type of flag.
  • the sub-routines which may be performed in the following priority, include “historical data” (steps 620 , 626 , 630 , 624 ), “schedule,” (steps 628 , 632 , 624 ) and “default time period” (steps 622 , 624 ).
  • “Historical data” may use previous glucose readings to suggest a commonly selected flag for a particular time period. For example, if a user had selected the “after dinner” flag at 7 pm multiple times, then the meter will suggest that the same “after dinner” flag for the next reading performed at around 7 pm.
  • the predictive process may require that at least “n” glucose readings be performed during the same time period with the same type of flag. The minimum number of glucose readings having a matching flag may be adjusted by the user or health care provider.
  • the “historical data” sub-routine may require that three of the last five glucose readings for a particular time period have the same flag type.
  • a time period may be defined as a two hour period, but alternatively may be adjusted by the user or health care provider.
  • the “historical data” sub-routine may include determining that the measurement was not a first time run, and then reviewing a plurality of past glucose measurements, as shown in steps 620 and 626 .
  • “First Time Run” can include the first time that the meter is taken out of its packaging and tested.
  • a determination may be performed to see if there are a suitable number of matching flags for a given time period, as shown in a step 630 . If there are a suitable number of matching flags, the meter will then communicate that type of flag, as shown in a step 624 . If there are not a suitable number of matching flags, the meter will then go to the “schedule” sub-routine ( 628 , 632 , 624 ).
  • the “schedule” sub-routine may include determining whether a user had previously inputted a mealtime schedule, as shown in a step 628 . If there is an inputted mealtime schedule, then the meter may find the corresponding flag type based on the time that the glucose measurement was performed, as shown in a step 632 . Next, the meter may communicate the type of flag, as shown in step 624 . If the inputted mealtime schedule has not been entered, then the meter will go to the “default time period” sub-routine ( 622 , 624 ).
  • the “default time period” sub-routine may include a set of time periods in which the meter would suggest a type of meal flag to the user for a particular time period of the day.
  • the set of time periods may be saved to the meter memory at the time of manufacture.
  • the meter will recommend meal flags based on the default time periods stored in the meter memory.
  • the meter determines that the glucose measurement is the first measurement of the day (step 620 ), then the meter will recommend a type of flag based on the default time period (step 622 ).
  • the user has the option to override the suggestion, as shown in a step 634 . If the user accepts the recommendation, the type of flag and measurement time are stored in the meter memory, as shown in a step 638 . If the user overrides the suggestion, the user selects a type of flag, as shown in a step 636 , and then the type of flag and measurement time are stored in the meter memory, as shown in step 638 .
  • the meter After storing the type of flag and measurement time, the meter will determine whether the glucose measurement was a first time run, as shown in a step 640 . If the glucose measurement was a first time run, then the meter will offset all of the mealtime measurements, as shown in a step 644 . After the offset step, the meter will communicate the glucose result with the associated flag, as shown in a step 648 .
  • the meter will check the last five glucose readings having the same type of flag, as shown in a step 642 .
  • the meter determines whether the time for the most recent flag differs by more than two hours from the last five glucose readings, as shown in a step 646 . If the most recent flag differs by more than two hours from each of the last five glucose readings, then the meter will offset all of the meal time measurements, as shown in step 644 . If the most recent flag does not differ by more than two hours from each of the last five glucose readings or if at least five glucose measurements having a particular type of flag have not been saved to memory, then the will simply communicate the glucose result with the associated flag, as shown in a step 648 .
  • the initial profile values can be Fasting: 08:00, After Breakfast: 10:00, Before Lunch: 13:00, After Lunch: 15:00, Before Dinner: 18:00, After Dinner: 20:00, Before Bed: 22:00, and Nighttime: 23:00.
  • a user can run a glucose test at 15:00 where the meter will suggest a Before Lunch flag.
  • this value to be Fasting then this is a difference of 7 hours (15:00-8:00) and therefore greater than the 2 hour threshold.
  • the system would then shift the profile values to be Fasting: 15:00, After Breakfast: 17:00, Before Lunch: 20:00, After Lunch: 22:00, Before Dinner: 01:00, After Dinner: 03:00, Before Bed: 05:00, Nighttime: 06:00.
  • glucose meter 10 may include a housing 11 , user interface buttons ( 16 , 18 , 20 ), a communication output unit in the form of a display 14 , a biosensor port connector 22 , and a data port 13 .
  • User interface buttons ( 16 , 18 , and 20 ) may be configured to allow the entry of data, navigation of menus, and execution of commands.
  • Data may include values representative of analyte concentration, and/or information, which are related to the everyday lifestyle of an individual.
  • user interface buttons ( 16 , 18 , 20 ) include a first user interface button 16 , a second user interface button 18 , and a third user interface button 20 .
  • User interface buttons ( 16 , 18 , 20 ) include a first marking 17 , a second marking 19 , and a third marking 21 , respectively, which allow a user to navigate through the user interface. It should be noted that the user interface buttons include not only physical buttons but also virtual buttons provided in the form of icons on a touch screen type interface.
  • the electronic components of meter 10 may be disposed on a circuit board 34 that is within housing 11 .
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate the electronic components disposed on a top surface and a bottom surface of circuit board 34 , respectively.
  • the electronic components include a biosensor port connector 22 , an operational amplifier circuit 35 , a microcontroller or processor 38 , a communication output connector 14 a , a non-volatile memory 40 , a clock 42 , and a first wireless module 46 .
  • the electronic components include a battery connector 44 a and a data port 13 .
  • Processor 38 may be electrically connected to biosensor port connector 22 , operational amplifier circuit 35 , first wireless module 46 , communication output 14 , non-volatile memory 40 , clock 42 , battery connector 344 a , data port 13 , and user interface buttons ( 16 , 18 , and 20 ).
  • Operational amplifier circuit 35 may be two or more operational amplifiers configured to provide a portion of the potentiostat function and the current measurement function.
  • the potentiostat function may refer to the application of a test voltage between at least two electrodes of a biosensor.
  • the current function may refer to the measurement of a test current resulting from the applied test voltage. The current measurement may be performed with a current-to-voltage converter.
  • Processor 38 may be in the form of a mixed signal microprocessor (MSP) such as, for example, the Texas Instrument MSP 430 .
  • the MSP 430 may be configured to also perform a portion of the potentiostat function and the current measurement function.
  • the MSP 430 may also include volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • many of the electronic components may be integrated with the processor in the form of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • Biosensor port connector 22 may be configured to form an electrical connection to the biosensor.
  • Communication output connector 14 a may be configured to attach to communication output 14 .
  • Communication output 14 may be in the form of a liquid crystal display for reporting measured glucose levels, and for facilitating entry of lifestyle related information.
  • Communication output 14 may alternatively include a backlight.
  • Data port 13 may accept a suitable connector attached to a connecting lead, thereby allowing glucose meter 10 to be linked to an external device such as a personal computer.
  • Data port 13 may be any port that allows for transmission of data such as, for example, a serial, USB, or a parallel port.
  • Clock 42 may be configured for measuring time and be in the form of an oscillating crystal.
  • Battery connector 44 a may be configured to be electrically connected to a power supply.
  • biosensor 24 may be in the form of an electrochemical glucose test strip.
  • Test strip 24 may include one or more working electrodes and a counter electrode.
  • Test strip 24 may also include a plurality of electrical contact pads, where each electrode is in electrical communication with at least one electrical contact pad.
  • Biosensor port connector 22 may be configured to electrically interface to the electrical contact pads and form electrical communication with the electrodes.
  • Test strip 24 may include a reagent layer that is disposed over at least one electrode. The reagent layer may include an enzyme and a mediator.
  • Exemplary enzymes suitable for use in the reagent layer include glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase (with pyrroloquinoline quinone co-factor, “PQQ”), and glucose dehydrogenase (with flavin adenine dinucleotide co-factor, “FAD”).
  • An exemplary mediator suitable for use in the reagent layer includes ferricyanide, which in this case is in the oxidized form.
  • the reagent layer may be configured to physically transform glucose into an enzymatic by-product and in the process generate an amount of reduced mediator (e.g., ferrocyanide) that is proportional approximately to the glucose value or concentration present in a physiological fluid of the user or in the user's blood.
  • the working electrode may then measure a concentration of the reduced mediator in the form of a current.
  • glucose meter 10 may convert the current's magnitude into a glucose value or concentration of the user.
  • the second component of the diabetes management system may include a therapeutic agent delivery device 28 , which has a housing, preferably elongated and of sufficient size to be handled by a human hand comfortably.
  • the device 28 which may be referred to as an insulin pen, is provided with electronic module 30 to record dosage amounts delivered by the user, as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the device 28 may include a second wireless module 32 disposed in the housing that, automatically without prompting from a user, transmits a signal to the first wireless module of glucose meter 10 .
  • the wireless signal may include data to (a) type of therapeutic agent delivered; (b) amount of therapeutic agent delivered to the user; or (c) time or date of therapeutic agent delivered and combinations of (a)-(c).
  • a therapeutic delivery devices may be in the form of a “user-activated” therapeutic delivery device, which requires a manual interaction between the device and a user (for example, by a user pushing a button on the device) to initiate a single therapeutic agent delivery event and that in the absence of such manual interaction deliver no therapeutic agent to the user.
  • a user-activated therapeutic agent delivery device is described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/040,024 (Attorney Docket No. LFS-5180) now U.S. application Ser. No. 12/407,173 filed on 19 Mar. 2009; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/417,875 (Attorney Docket No.
  • Insulin pens are loaded with a vial or cartridge of insulin, and are attached to a disposable needle. Portions of the insulin pen may be reusable, or the insulin pen may be completely disposable. Insulin pens are commercially available from companies such as Novo Nordisk, Aventis, and Eli Lilly, and may be used with a variety of insulin, such as Novolog, Humalog, Levemir, and Lantus. U.S.
  • Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0182358 illustrates an exemplary insulin pen with activation of an algorithm upon removal of the insulin pen from a carrying case.
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0182358 is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
  • the third component may be a health care provider's (“HCP's”) computer 26 which may be used to communicate with the analyte measurement device and/or the delivery device.
  • the computer 26 may be connected via a mobile network to the device 10 or 28 .
  • the computer 26 may be connected for communication via a short-range wireless network such as, for example, infrared, Bluetooth or WiFi.
  • computer 26 may be located remotely in a diabetes clinic or hospital so that certain therapeutic protocols, which have been customized for a particular diabetic user's physiological requirements, may be transferred to such a user remotely.
  • a personal computer running appropriate software, allows entry and modification of set-up information (e.g.
  • analyte measurement device 10 may perform analysis of data collected by analyte measurement device 10 .
  • the personal computer may be able to perform advanced analysis functions, and/or transmit data to other computers (i.e. over the internet) for improved diagnosis and treatment. Connecting analyte measurement device 10 with a local or remote computer may facilitate improved treatment by health care providers.
  • a therapeutic dosing device may also be a pump 48 that includes a housing 50 , a backlight button 52 , an up button 54 , a cartridge cap 56 , a bolus button 58 , a down button 60 , a battery cap 62 , an OK button 64 , and a communication output 66 .
  • Pump 48 may be configured to dispense medication such as, for example, insulin for regulating glucose levels. Pump 48 may be similar to a commercially available pump from Animas, Corp. (West Chester, Pennsylvania, Catalog No. IR 1200). FIG.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of the functional components of insulin pump 48 , which includes a communication output (DIS) 66 , navigational buttons (NAV) 72 , a reservoir (RES) 74 , an infrared communication port (IR) 76 , a radio frequency module (RF) 78 , a battery (BAT) 80 , an alarm module (AL) 82 , and a microprocessor (MP) 84 .
  • DIS communication output
  • NAV navigational buttons
  • IR infrared communication port
  • RF radio frequency module
  • BAT battery
  • AL alarm module
  • MP microprocessor
  • navigational buttons 72 may include up button 54 , down button 60 , and ok button 64 .
  • the device 10 may be programmed with instructions to carry out the various methods described herein.
  • the device 10 may include a housing 11 that has a biosensor port 22 coupled to an analyte measurement unit 35 to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the test strip 24 .
  • the device 10 also includes a communication output unit coupled to a processor 38 with a plurality of user interface buttons 16 , 17 , and 18 .
  • the processor 38 is coupled to the analyte measurement unit 35 , a memory, user interface buttons, and the communication output.
  • the processor 38 is programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; based on the user's selection, recommend an insulin bolus amount for (1) glucose correction only; (2) carbohydrate coverage only; or (3) both carbohydrate and glucose correction; and annunciate the insulin bolus recommendation.
  • the processor may also be programmed to verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; query the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last 3 hours and if true, warn the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and recommend an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction.
  • the last 3 hour time period may be increased to about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • the processor may also be programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; query the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last 3 hours and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and recommend an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction.
  • the last 3 hour time period may be increased to about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • the processor may be programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; determine an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and remind the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value.
  • the second predetermined time period may range from about 5 minutes to about 180 minutes.
  • a sub-set of the second predetermined time period may be referred to as a first retest time period or a second retest time period.
  • the processor may be programmed to: flag a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period.
  • the processor may be programmed to: flag the before meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device 10 as a pre-meal glucose value; flag an after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device 10 as a post-meal value; determine whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL; notify the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL; and remind the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
  • a processor in a mobile phone may be programmed as described earlier to work with blood glucose data received from a separate glucose meter (e.g., biosensor type meter or continuous glucose monitor).
  • a processor in the insulin pump 50 may also be programmed as described earlier to work with blood glucose data received from a glucose test strip meter or a continuous glucose monitoring device.
  • a processor in the insulin pen 28 may also be programmed with the exemplary methods to work with blood glucose data received from a glucose test strip meter or a continuous glucose monitoring device.
  • the microprocessor can be programmed to generally carry out the steps of various processes described herein.
  • the microprocessor can be part of a particular device, such as, for example, a glucose meter, an insulin pen, an insulin pump, a server, a mobile phone, personal computer, or mobile hand held device.
  • the various methods described herein can be used to generate software codes using off-the-shelf software development tools such as, for example, C, C+, C++, C-Sharp, Visual Studio 6.0, Windows 2000 Server, and SQL Server 2000.
  • the methods may be transformed into other software languages depending on the requirements and the availability of new software languages for coding the methods.
  • the various methods described, once transformed into suitable software codes may be embodied in any computer-readable storage medium that, when executed by a suitable microprocessor or computer, are operable to carry out the steps described in these methods along with any other necessary steps.

Abstract

Various embodiments are described and illustrated to calculate an insulin bolus, recommend such bolus, and provide reminder messages for performing an additional glucose test.

Description

  • This DIVISIONAL application claims the benefits of priority under 35 USC §§120 and 121 from prior filed U.S. application Ser. No. 12/826,674 filed on Jun. 30, 2010, patented (U.S. Pat. No. 8,974,387), which prior filed application (Ser. No. 12/826,674) claims the benefits under 35 USC §119 and/or §120 from prior filed U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/246,630 filed on Sep. 29, 2009, which application are incorporated by reference in their entirety into this application.
  • BACKGROUND
  • Introduction and management of insulin therapy to a patient with diabetes may be overwhelming to the patient and a burden to the provider due to the complexity of conventional methods and devices for doing so. Significant training of the patient may be necessary. The patient may need to learn, for example, various concepts and actions including hypoglycemia management, injections and the proper use of insulin administration devices, as well as the mechanical, electronic, and software aspects of using a blood glucose meter. In addition, the patient must learn to follow the doctor's instructions in starting and adjusting insulin dosages on a regular basis (e.g., per meal, daily, 2× weekly, or weekly basis).
  • Detailed instructions as to the prescribed blood glucose testing and insulin titration protocol are typically written out by the health care professional and checked off on a piece of paper. Patients often keep handwritten logs in order to comply.
  • It is not uncommon for a patient to have poor glycemic control even after getting onto insulin therapy. The care provider (i.e., physician) is then confronted with a challenging situation in trying to determine if the poor glycemic control is due to an inadequate frequency of glucose testing, incorrect processing of data for determining an insulin bolus amount, or a combination thereof.
  • SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
  • Applicants have developed certain improvements to alleviate some of the shortcomings discussed above. Specifically, applicants have recognized that in order to deliver effective therapy to a diabetes subject, the therapy should be implemented into the health monitoring device. Hence, in one embodiment, a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user is provided. The method may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; based on the user's selection, recommending an insulin bolus amount for (a) glucose correction only; (b) carbohydrate coverage only; or (c) both carbohydrate and glucose correction; and annunciating the insulin bolus recommendation. The first predetermined time period may range from about 15 minutes to about 120 minutes, preferably range from about 60 to about 120 minutes, and more preferably range from about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes.
  • In another embodiment, a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user is provided. The method may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; querying the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last predetermined amount of time and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin and recommending an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction. The predetermined amount of time may range from about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
  • In a further embodiment, a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user is provided. The method may be achieved by: conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with a glucose measurement unit coupled to a data management unit; verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; determining an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and reminding the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value.
  • In yet another embodiment, a method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user is provided. The method may be achieved by: flagging a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period.
  • In a further embodiment, method of notifying a diabetes user of certain glycemic condition of the user with an analyte measurement and management device is provided. The method may be achieved by: conducting a glucose measurement before a meal with the analyte measurement and management device; flagging the before meal glucose measurement in a memory of the test meter as a pre-meal glucose value; conducting a glucose measurement after a meal with the analyte measurement and management device; flagging the after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the test meter as a post-meal value; determining whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into milliMole per Liter unit); and notifying the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) and reminding the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description given below, serve to explain features of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diabetes management system that includes an analyte measurement and management device, therapeutic dosing devices, and data communication devices, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface of the analyte measurement and management device for managing diabetes, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3A is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3B is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus with either a glucose correction only, a carbohydrate coverage only, or a combination of a glucose and carbohydrate coverage together, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3C is a flow chart illustrating yet another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus with either a glucose correction only, a carbohydrate coverage only, or both glucose and carbohydrate coverage together, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 3D is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus that includes a warning that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for setting up a bolus calculator, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an amount of carbohydrates, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a glucose test, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a high/low glucose reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIGS. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a post-meal reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for setting up the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic illustrating first screen shots of a user interface where a flag selection “Before Lunch” is highlighted by having an increased font size, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic illustrating second screen shots of a user interface where a flag selection “After Breakfast” is highlighted by having an increased font size, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for predicting a type of flag to recommend to a user for inputting into the diabetes management system.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a top portion of a circuit board of the analyte measurement and management device of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a bottom portion of the circuit board of the analyte measurement and management device of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of the functional components of an insulin pump, according to an exemplary embodiment described and illustrated herein.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
  • The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which like elements in different drawings are identically numbered. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.
  • As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” for any numerical values or ranges indicate a suitable dimensional tolerance that allows the part or collection of components to function for its intended purpose as described herein. In addition, as used herein, the terms “patient,” “host,” “user,” and “subject” refer to any human or animal subject and are not intended to limit the systems or methods to human use, although use of the subject invention in a human patient represents a preferred embodiment.
  • Embodiments described and illustrated herein provide an analyte (e.g., blood glucose) measurement and management device and associated methods that simplify training and guide a patient regarding when to measure an analyte (i.e., to “test”) and how much and when to administer a therapeutic agent (such as insulin) in a simple and convenient manner and with a minimum of devices. Embodiments of the analyte measurement and management device and system are also beneficial to care providers (for example, physicians) by gathering, organizing and storing information that provides insight into how effective a patient is in following a prescribed analyte management regimen.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diabetes management system that includes an analyte measurement and management device 10, therapeutic dosing devices (28 and 48), and data communication devices (68, 26, and 70). Analyte measurement and management device 10 may be configured to wirelessly communicate with a data management unit or DMU such as, for example, an insulin pen 28, an insulin pump 48, a mobile phone 68, a personal computer 26 (including a mobile computer), or a network server 70, or through a combination of the exemplary data management unit devices described herein. As used herein, the nomenclature “DMU” represents either individual unit 28, 48, 68, 26 or 70 separately or all of the data management units (28, 48, 68, 26, and 70) usable together in a disease management system. Note that analyte measurement and management device 10 may be referred to as a glucose meter, a meter, an analyte measurement device, and a testing device.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface 2001 implemented in, for example, the meter 10. In the exemplary implementation, the user interface 2001 provides recommendations and warnings to a user as part of the user's diabetes management. In such embodiment, programs and methods for conducting user interface 2001 may be stored on a non-volatile memory portion of glucose meter 10. Steps and instructions of user interface 2001 may be communicated on a communication output unit such as, for example, a display 14 of glucose meter 10. In such embodiment, the diabetes management 2001 may be implemented using meter 10 without the need for an external computer, personal digital assistant, or wireless insulin pump. As used herein, the term “user” is intended to indicate primarily a mammalian subject (e.g., a person) who has diabetes but which term may also include a caretaker or a healthcare provider who is operating the meter 10 on behalf of the diabetes subject.
  • A user may select a particular function or sub-routine from a list of selections within a main menu 2000. The list may include the following functions that are to calculate an insulin bolus 300, configure settings for insulin bolus calculator 400, calculate a carbohydrate amount 500, perform a glucose test 600, configure settings for a high/low glucose reminder 900, communicate glucose value or concentration averages 1000, communicate glucose value or concentration summary 1100, and perform medication reminders 1200. When performing glucose test 600, the following sub-routines may also be performed which include a high/low glucose reminder 700, after meal test reminder 800, and a pattern and trend analysis 899. Alternatively, glucose test 600 may be appended to have a method 690 for predicting a type of flag to recommend to a user for inputting into the diabetes management system (FIG. 11).
  • A user or the HCP may select a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300 from the main menu. Note that insulin bolus calculation 300 may be one of several embodiments such as 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D or a combination of all of these embodiments together. Briefly, three types of insulin boluses are described herein, which are an insulin bolus amount for: (a) carbohydrate coverage, (b) glucose correction, or (c) a combination thereof. The insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage may be an amount of insulin needed to account for carbohydrates about to be consumed at a meal. The insulin bolus amount for a glucose measurement correction may be an amount of insulin needed to account for a user's measured glucose value that is greater than the euglycemic zone. The combination (e.g., carbohydrate value and measured glucose value) correction may be an amount of insulin needed to account for carbohydrates about to be consumed and the user's measured glucose value.
  • FIG. 3A is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300A with a carbohydrate and glucose corrections. Initially, the meter may determine whether the insulin calculator is already setup, as shown in a step 302. If the insulin calculator is not setup, then the method may move to an insulin bolus calculator settings function 400 (described below). If the insulin calculator has been setup, then the interface 2001 (which is implemented exemplarily in meter 10) may determine whether the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in a step 304. A message may be annunciated that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305, when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. As used here, the term “annunciated” and variations on the root term indicate that an announcement may be provided via text, audio, visual or a combination of all modes of communication to a user, a caretaker of the user, or a healthcare provider.
  • A recommended amount of carbohydrates may be outputted, as shown in a step 308, where the glucose value or concentration of the user is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310. The amount of carbohydrate may represent an amount that is about to be consumed by the user. As a non-limiting example, the amount of carbohydrates inputted may range from about zero to about 999 grams. In another scenario, a carbohydrate calculator 500 (described below) may be used to determine the amount of carbohydrates that is inputted at step 310.
  • After inputting the amount of carbohydrates, a recommended insulin bolus may be outputted, as shown in a step 312A. Note that the recommended insulin bolus amount includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction of a recent measured glucose value of the user. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314, such as, for example, about zero to about 999 units. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316, which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000.
  • FIG. 3B is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300B. In contrast to the method 300A, the method 300B allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof. Once it has been determined that the glucose value or concentration of the user was performed in less than a first predetermined time period (e.g., from about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old), as shown in step 304, the user is given the option to estimate carbohydrates for the insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, as shown in a step 318. The user may be given the option to select an estimate carbohydrate option (a step 318), a calculate carbohydrate option (a step 320), a no carbohydrate option (a step 322), or a no glucose correction (a step 324). As used herein the term “measured glucose value” is used to denote a glucose amount present in a physiological sample of the user or an approximate concentration in the user. The term “measured glucose value” is also used interchangeably with the term “measured glucose concentration” herein.
  • A recommended amount of carbohydrates that is about to be consumed may be outputted if the user selects the estimate carbohydrates option, as shown in a step 308. The estimate carbohydrate option causes a bolus amount to be determined that includes both a carbohydrate and glucose correction. As a default, the recommended amount of carbohydrates may range from about 30 grams to about 50 grams, and preferably be about 30 grams. A 30 gram default value is believed to be a relatively low value and reduces the risk that a user will overdose an insulin bolus. In another embodiment, the recommended amount of carbohydrate may be the last value inputted by the user. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310. After inputting the amount of carbohydrates, a recommended insulin bolus is outputted that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312A. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316.
  • The user may select the calculate carbohydrate option, as shown in a step 320. The calculate carbohydrate option provides a software database tool for determining an amount of carbohydrates using the carbohydrate calculator 500 (described below). The output of carbohydrate calculator 500 may then be inputted into step 308. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310. After inputting the amount of carbohydrates, a recommended insulin bolus is outputted that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312A. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316.
  • The user may select the no insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage (i.e., “no-carb correction”), as shown in a step 322, which causes the recommended insulin bolus to be outputted for glucose correction only, as shown in a step 312B. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316.
  • The user may select the no glucose correction, as shown in a step 324, which causes a recommended amount of carbohydrates to be outputted that is about to be consumed, as shown in a step 308. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310. After inputting the amount of carbohydrates, a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in step 312C. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316. The method 300B allows a user to customize the insulin bolus to account for carbohydrates that are about to be consumed, a current measured glucose value, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 3C is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300C. The method 300C allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof by asking the user whether to adjust insulin based on a meal and/or a target glucose value or concentration of the user. A recommended amount of carbohydrates to be consumed may be outputted to the user (step 308) after the insulin calculator has been set up (step 302). Next, the user may be given the option to adjust insulin for a meal, as shown in a step 326. If the insulin calculator has not been set up, then the meter may query whether a HCP has provided an insulin sensitivity value, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value or concentration of the user, as shown in a step 303. The meter may move to the insulin bolus calculator settings if the user has the relevant values, as shown in a step 400. Otherwise, the meter may provide a message that the user should seek the advice of a HCP before using the insulin bolus calculator, as shown in a step 306.
  • If the user elects to not adjust insulin for a meal, then the user may be given the option to adjust insulin based on a current measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in a step 328. If the user also elects to not adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, a recommended insulin bolus amount of zero may be outputted, as shown in a step 312D. However, if the user does opt to adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, then it must be determined that the most recent measured glucose value or concentration is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in step 304. A message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305, when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330. Next, a recommended insulin bolus for glucose correction only may be outputted, as shown in a step 312B. The user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316.
  • If the user elects to adjust insulin for a meal, then the user may input an amount of carbohydrates, as shown in a step 310. Next, the user may be given the option to adjust insulin based on a current measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in a step 332. If the user also elects to not adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in a step 312C. However, if the user does opt to adjust insulin based on the current measured glucose value or concentration, then it must be determined that the most recent measured glucose value or concentration is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in step 304. A message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305, when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330. Next, a recommended insulin bolus that includes both an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage and an insulin correction, as shown in step 312A. After step 312A or 312C, the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316.
  • FIG. 3D is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method for calculating an insulin bolus 300D. The method 300D allows the user to calculate an insulin bolus that has an insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage, a glucose correction, or a combination thereof and accounts for the possibility of having insulin on board. The term insulin on board refers to a situation where a previous insulin bolus inside a user's body is still affecting the metabolism of glucose. If a user has insulin on board and inputs another insulin bolus, there is a risk of hypoglycemia.
  • A recommended amount of carbohydrates to be consumed may be outputted to the user (step 308) after the insulin calculator has been set up (step 302). The user then has the option to input the recommended amount of carbohydrates or a different value, as shown in a step 310. Next, the meter may perform a series of queries such as determining whether a user inputted an insulin bolus that includes a glucose correction within the last 3 hours (a step 336), whether a user set a pre-meal flag with a glucose test within the last 3 hours (a step 338), and whether the last glucose test was flagged as post-meal within the last three hours (a step 340). If there is an affirmative response to steps 336 or 338, then a warning message (e.g., text, audio, visual audio or even a message to the user's mobile phone) may be outputted that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, as shown in a step 344. If there is an affirmative response to step 340, then a warning message should be outputted that the full bolus calculator should be used with a pre-meal glucose concentration and that only carbohydrate coverage should be provided, as shown in a step 345. Next, a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage only, as shown in a step 312C. Note that steps 336, 338, and 340 are not limited to only 3 hours and in other embodiments, the amount of time may range from about 3 to about 5 hours. The amount of time can be set by a user or HCP where such time may be based on the pharmacokinetics of the user in responding to and metabolizing insulin.
  • If there is not an affirmative response for each of the steps 336, 338, and 340, then the meter may determine whether the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old, as shown in a step 304. A message may be provided that another glucose test must be performed to use the bolus calculator, as shown in a step 305, when the last glucose value or concentration of the user measured is not less than about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes old. Otherwise, the last measured glucose value or concentration may be communicated, as shown in a step 330. Next, the meter may perform a query of whether the insulin calculator has been used in the last three hours, as shown in a step 343. If there is an affirmative response to step 343, then a warning message may be outputted that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin, as shown in a step 344. Next, a recommended insulin bolus amount may be outputted for carbohydrate and glucose correction, as shown in a step 312A. If there is a negative response to step 343, then no warning message is provided and a recommended insulin bolus amount is outputted for carbohydrate and glucose correction, as shown in step 312A. Similar to steps 336, 338, and 340, step 343 is not limited to only 3 hours and may range from about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • After steps 312A or 312C, the user has the option to input the recommended amount of insulin or a different value, as shown in a step 314. A confirmation of the inputted bolus amount may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 316. In summary, the method 300D provides several queries to determine whether a user has insulin on board and warns the user before another insulin bolus is administered.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment 400 for configuring the set up of the bolus calculator 300. A user may select an insulin sensitivity value, an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, and a target blood glucose value, as shown in steps 402, 404, and 405. More specifically, the user may select a discrete insulin sensitivity value and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio for a particular meal such as breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Insulin sensitivity values may range from about 5 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) to about 300 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter). Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio may range from about 5 grams to about 50 grams. Target blood glucose values may range from about 60 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter) to about 290 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter). Next, a confirmation of the insulin sensitivity value and an insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 406, which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000.
  • In an embodiment, a glucose correction dose may be calculated by using Equation 1.

  • Glucose Correction Dose=(Current G−Target G)×Insulin Sensitivity Factor   Eq. 1
  • The Glucose Correction Dose may be the amount of insulin needed to adjust the current measured glucose value or concentration to the euglycemic zone. The Current G and Target G may be the current measured glucose value or concentration and the target glucose value or concentration, respectively. The Insulin Sensitivity Factor may be a constant that is special to the user that relates to the proportional effectiveness of insulin.
  • The insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage dose may be calculated by using Equation 2.

  • Insulin bolus amount for carbohydrate coverage Dose=Carbohydrate Estimate×Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio   Eq. 2
  • The Carbohydrate Estimate may be the amount consumed by the user and Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio may be a constant that is special to the user relating to the proportional effectiveness of insulin on consumed carbohydrates. A total insulin dose may be calculated by summing together the Glucose Correction Dose and the Carbohydrate Anticipatory Dose.
  • Under certain circumstances, a user may have trouble determining the correct amount of carbohydrates to input into the bolus calculator. Thus, carbohydrate calculator 500 may be used to help the user covert their food intake into an amount of carbohydrates. The carbohydrate calculator may include a food database that has a wide variety of common foods and the associated nutritional value. The food database may be customized by the user and updated through connecting meter 10 to a computer. A query may be communicated requesting that a user select a food category, sub-food category, food detail, food size, and food quantity, as shown in steps 502, 504, 506, 508, and 510, after the user selects the carbohydrate calculator 500 from the main menu. The food category may include selections such as “bread, pasta, starches,” “dairy & eggs,” “fruits & vegetables,” “meat & fish,” and “restaurants.” The food category “bread, pasta, starches” may include the following sub-food categories such as bread, pasta, potato, pizza, and other. The sub-food category pizza may include the following food detail such as cheese pizza, pepperoni pizza, Domino's Americano, Domino's Full House, and Pizza Hut Hawaiian. The food detail pepperoni pizza may include the following food size such as small, medium, and large. The food quantity for pepperoni pizza may include the number of servings or slices.
  • After the user inputs all of the relevant food information (502, 504, 506, 508, 510), a query is communicated asking the user whether another food item needs to be inputted, as shown in a step 512. If the user inputs yes to adding another food item, the carbohydrates calculator goes back to step 502. If the user inputs no to adding another food item, the carbohydrates calculator 500 queries the user whether to calculate an insulin bolus, as shown in a step 514. An output of the carbohydrate estimate and current measured glucose value or concentration may be outputted using the calculate insulin bolus 300 function, if the user selects yes to calculating an insulin bolus. An output of the meal details may be outputted, as shown in a step 518, if the user selects no to calculating an insulin bolus. Meal details may include amount of carbohydrates, carbohydrate choices, calories, cholesterol, total fat, and sodium. Once the user presses an “ok” button, the user interface may go back to the main menu.
  • Performing a glucose test allows a user to know his/her glucose value or concentration of the user for a particular point in time. However, applicants believe that users have difficulty determining when there is a prudent time period to test again, seek medical assistance, or change insulin therapy based on a high or low glucose reading, a time of eating a meal, a pattern or trend, or a combination thereof. The following will describe a series of methods (600, 700, 800, and 899) for helping users better manage their diabetes disease state by guiding a user to test at an appropriate time and frequency.
  • Referring back to FIG. 2, the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700, the post-meal reminder sub-routine 800, and the pattern and trend analysis sub-routine 899 may be performed subsequent to the glucose test 600. The glucose test 600 may include inserting a biosensor, dosing blood onto the biosensor, and outputting a measured glucose value or concentration, as shown in steps 602, 604, and 606. Next, the user may flag the result as fasting, then the high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 may be initiated. In an embodiment, fasting may mean a period of time of greater than about 8 hours to about 10 hours after a meal.
  • A user may be presented with an option to flag the glucose result as fasting to indicate that no food was consumed within a time period before the test. In addition, the user may be given the option to select other types of flags where the glucose measurement is indicated as being after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, before dinner, after dinner, and night in a simple manner, as illustrated by screen shots 610 and 612 for FIGS. 10A and 10B, respectively. Referring to FIG. 1, the user may press on a second button or a third button (18, 20) to select the type of flag. The process of using second and third button (18, 20) causes the selected flag to appear in a larger font making it easy for the user to determine which flag was selected, as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Areas 614 and 616 are examples of selected flags that have an increased font size relative to the unselected flags. Fasting glucose measurements may be a more important indicator of a user's overall diabetes disease state than non-fasting glucose measurements.
  • FIGS. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700. The high/low glucose reminder sub-routine 700 may include determining whether the measured glucose value or concentration is within the euglycemic range (i.e., normal), as shown in a step 702. As a non-limiting example, the euglycemic range may range from about 60-180 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter). The high and low thresholds of the euglycemic range may be defined by the user in a high/low glucose reminder setting 900. If the measured glucose value or concentration is not within the euglycemic range, then it is classified as either high or low, as shown in a step 704. A high reading may be a concentration greater than a high threshold and a low reading may be a concentration less than a low threshold. If the measured glucose value or concentration is within the euglycemic range, then the method moves to the after meal test reminder sub-routine 800.
  • A measured glucose value or concentration lower than the low threshold may prompt the user that the glucose is low and to input a reminder to test within a first retest time period, as shown in a step 706. The first retest time period may range from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes. A measured glucose value or concentration higher than the high threshold may cause a query to prompt the user to input a reminder to test within a second retest time period, as shown in a step 712. The second retest time period may range from about 30 minutes to about 180 minutes. The second retest time period may be generally greater than the first retest time period because there is usually more urgency in re-testing when the measured glucose value or concentration is low. After either step 706 or 712, a confirmation screen may be shown to the user that a re-test reminder will occur in the future, as shown in a step 708.
  • FIGS. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for performing a post-meal reminder sub-routine 800. The after meal reminder sub-routine 800 includes determining whether the measured glucose value or concentration should be flagged as pre-meal or post-meal, as shown in steps 814 and 816. If the measured glucose value or concentration is flagged as pre-meal, the method should move to the insulin calculator 300. If the measured glucose value or concentration is not flagged as pre-meal or post meal, the method will go back to main menu. If the measured glucose value or concentration is flagged as post-meal, a calculation is performed to determine whether a difference between the post-meal concentration and the pre-meal concentration is within a predetermined range, as shown in a step 802. The predetermined difference range may be about 50 mg/dL (or its conversion into mmol/L unit or milliMole per Liter).
  • An output message may be communicated notifying the user that the post-meal management of the glucose value or concentration of the user was within the predetermined difference range, as shown in a step 808. The method may then return to main menu 2000 after step 808. A different output message may be communicated notifying the user that the post-meal management of the glucose value or concentration of the user needs improvement if the post-meal glucose value or concentration of the user was not within a predetermined range of the pre-meal glucose value or concentration of the user, as shown in a step 804. Next, a user may be prompted to input a reminder to test within a second retest time period, as shown in a step 806.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for configuring the set up of the high/low glucose reminder 800. A user may input a low glucose value or concentration threshold and a high glucose value or concentration threshold, as shown in steps 902 and 904. Next, a confirmation of the high and low glucose value or concentration threshold may be annunciated to the user, as shown in a step 906, which is then followed by returning to main menu 2000.
  • Pattern and trend analysis sub-routine 899 may be performed to notify a user of their diabetes disease state. A plurality of glucose measurements performed over time may be stored in the meter. By analyzing the trends of the data, meter 10 may provide a warning, recommendation, or tip of an increased likelihood of hyperglycemia occurring in the future. Embodiments suitable for use in the pattern and trend analysis sub-routine may be found in U.S. Provisional Application No. 12/052,639 (tentatively identified by Attorney Docket No. LFS-5181USNP), Ser. No. 11/688,639 (tentatively identified by Attorney Docket No. LFS-5158USNP); and U.S. Pre-Grant Publication No. US20080154513, and which are hereby incorporated in whole by reference.
  • From main menu 2000 of FIG. 2, averages 1000 may be selected, which includes communicating the average glucose value or concentration of the user over a 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 day period. In addition, averages may also be communicated for the 7 day period, all of the days, fasting, after breakfast, before lunch, after lunch, before dinner, after dinner, night, no answer, and the number of tests performed.
  • From main menu 2000 of FIG. 2, glucose summary results 1100 may be selected, which includes communicating in a graphical format the highest reading, 30 day average, and lowest reading. Glucose summary results 1100 may also include indicating the proportion of glucose readings above the high threshold, within range, and below the low threshold. Glucose summary results 1100 may also include communicating a histogram indicating the frequency of particular glucose value or concentrations.
  • From main menu 2000 of FIG. 2, medication reminders 1200 may be selected, which includes allowing a user to input one or more medications into the user interface. The medication reminder may help users remember to take medications. Some users may have trouble memorizing which medications to take and when to take them. In addition, the user may input the amount of medication and the time to take the medication so that an appropriate alarm may be triggered. After taking the medication, the user may confirm the compliance by pressing a button on the user interface.
  • The following will describe a predictive process that may be implemented for recommending a type of flag before or after outputting a glucose result in step 606 of FIG. 6. An embodiment of a predictive process 690 is illustrated in FIG. 11. Once a type of flag is recommended, the user will have the option of accepting the recommended flag or inputting a different one. Applicants believe that by recommending a correct flag at a high percentage of the time will cause users to flag measurements with a higher degree of compliance because only one button needs to be pressed to accept the recommendation. A user may have to use several button clicks to select a non-recommended flag, which is inconvenient to the user. In an embodiment, a type of flag may be recommended based on the time, the day, and/or past user testing patterns.
  • Predictive process 690 may be initiated after the output of a glucose value or concentration of the user (step 606). The meter may then perform one of many sub-routines for predicting the type of flag. The sub-routines, which may be performed in the following priority, include “historical data” ( steps 620, 626, 630, 624), “schedule,” ( steps 628, 632, 624) and “default time period” (steps 622, 624).
  • “Historical data” may use previous glucose readings to suggest a commonly selected flag for a particular time period. For example, if a user had selected the “after dinner” flag at 7 pm multiple times, then the meter will suggest that the same “after dinner” flag for the next reading performed at around 7 pm. In an embodiment, the predictive process may require that at least “n” glucose readings be performed during the same time period with the same type of flag. The minimum number of glucose readings having a matching flag may be adjusted by the user or health care provider. For example, the “historical data” sub-routine may require that three of the last five glucose readings for a particular time period have the same flag type. A time period may be defined as a two hour period, but alternatively may be adjusted by the user or health care provider.
  • The “historical data” sub-routine may include determining that the measurement was not a first time run, and then reviewing a plurality of past glucose measurements, as shown in steps 620 and 626. Note that “First Time Run” can include the first time that the meter is taken out of its packaging and tested. Next, a determination may be performed to see if there are a suitable number of matching flags for a given time period, as shown in a step 630. If there are a suitable number of matching flags, the meter will then communicate that type of flag, as shown in a step 624. If there are not a suitable number of matching flags, the meter will then go to the “schedule” sub-routine (628, 632, 624).
  • The “schedule” sub-routine may include determining whether a user had previously inputted a mealtime schedule, as shown in a step 628. If there is an inputted mealtime schedule, then the meter may find the corresponding flag type based on the time that the glucose measurement was performed, as shown in a step 632. Next, the meter may communicate the type of flag, as shown in step 624. If the inputted mealtime schedule has not been entered, then the meter will go to the “default time period” sub-routine (622, 624).
  • The “default time period” sub-routine may include a set of time periods in which the meter would suggest a type of meal flag to the user for a particular time period of the day. The set of time periods may be saved to the meter memory at the time of manufacture. Thus, if the user has not previously inputted a personal mealtime schedule, then the meter will recommend meal flags based on the default time periods stored in the meter memory. In addition, if the meter determines that the glucose measurement is the first measurement of the day (step 620), then the meter will recommend a type of flag based on the default time period (step 622).
  • Once the user is presented with the recommended type of flag, the user has the option to override the suggestion, as shown in a step 634. If the user accepts the recommendation, the type of flag and measurement time are stored in the meter memory, as shown in a step 638. If the user overrides the suggestion, the user selects a type of flag, as shown in a step 636, and then the type of flag and measurement time are stored in the meter memory, as shown in step 638.
  • After storing the type of flag and measurement time, the meter will determine whether the glucose measurement was a first time run, as shown in a step 640. If the glucose measurement was a first time run, then the meter will offset all of the mealtime measurements, as shown in a step 644. After the offset step, the meter will communicate the glucose result with the associated flag, as shown in a step 648.
  • If the glucose measurement was not a first time run, then the meter will check the last five glucose readings having the same type of flag, as shown in a step 642. Next, the meter determines whether the time for the most recent flag differs by more than two hours from the last five glucose readings, as shown in a step 646. If the most recent flag differs by more than two hours from each of the last five glucose readings, then the meter will offset all of the meal time measurements, as shown in step 644. If the most recent flag does not differ by more than two hours from each of the last five glucose readings or if at least five glucose measurements having a particular type of flag have not been saved to memory, then the will simply communicate the glucose result with the associated flag, as shown in a step 648. The following will describe an example of applying an offset. Initially, before a first time run, the initial profile values can be Fasting: 08:00, After Breakfast: 10:00, Before Lunch: 13:00, After Lunch: 15:00, Before Dinner: 18:00, After Dinner: 20:00, Before Bed: 22:00, and Nighttime: 23:00. As an example, a user can run a glucose test at 15:00 where the meter will suggest a Before Lunch flag. However, if the user changes this value to be Fasting, then this is a difference of 7 hours (15:00-8:00) and therefore greater than the 2 hour threshold. As a result, the system would then shift the profile values to be Fasting: 15:00, After Breakfast: 17:00, Before Lunch: 20:00, After Lunch: 22:00, Before Dinner: 01:00, After Dinner: 03:00, Before Bed: 05:00, Nighttime: 06:00.
  • Now that user interface 2001 has been described, the following will describe glucose meter 10, insulin pen 28, and insulin pump 48. Referring back to FIG. 1, glucose meter 10 may include a housing 11, user interface buttons (16, 18, 20), a communication output unit in the form of a display 14, a biosensor port connector 22, and a data port 13. User interface buttons (16, 18, and 20) may be configured to allow the entry of data, navigation of menus, and execution of commands. Data may include values representative of analyte concentration, and/or information, which are related to the everyday lifestyle of an individual. Information, which is related to the everyday lifestyle, may include food intake, medication use, occurrence of health check-ups, and general health condition and exercise levels of an individual. Specifically, user interface buttons (16, 18, 20) include a first user interface button 16, a second user interface button 18, and a third user interface button 20. User interface buttons (16, 18, 20) include a first marking 17, a second marking 19, and a third marking 21, respectively, which allow a user to navigate through the user interface. It should be noted that the user interface buttons include not only physical buttons but also virtual buttons provided in the form of icons on a touch screen type interface.
  • The electronic components of meter 10 may be disposed on a circuit board 34 that is within housing 11. FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate the electronic components disposed on a top surface and a bottom surface of circuit board 34, respectively. On the top surface, the electronic components include a biosensor port connector 22, an operational amplifier circuit 35, a microcontroller or processor 38, a communication output connector 14 a, a non-volatile memory 40, a clock 42, and a first wireless module 46. On the bottom surface, the electronic components include a battery connector 44 a and a data port 13. Processor 38 may be electrically connected to biosensor port connector 22, operational amplifier circuit 35, first wireless module 46, communication output 14, non-volatile memory 40, clock 42, battery connector 344 a, data port 13, and user interface buttons (16, 18, and 20).
  • Operational amplifier circuit 35 may be two or more operational amplifiers configured to provide a portion of the potentiostat function and the current measurement function. The potentiostat function may refer to the application of a test voltage between at least two electrodes of a biosensor. The current function may refer to the measurement of a test current resulting from the applied test voltage. The current measurement may be performed with a current-to-voltage converter. Processor 38 may be in the form of a mixed signal microprocessor (MSP) such as, for example, the Texas Instrument MSP 430. The MSP 430 may be configured to also perform a portion of the potentiostat function and the current measurement function. In addition, the MSP 430 may also include volatile and non-volatile memory. In another embodiment, many of the electronic components may be integrated with the processor in the form of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • Biosensor port connector 22 may be configured to form an electrical connection to the biosensor. Communication output connector 14 a may be configured to attach to communication output 14. Communication output 14 may be in the form of a liquid crystal display for reporting measured glucose levels, and for facilitating entry of lifestyle related information. Communication output 14 may alternatively include a backlight. Data port 13 may accept a suitable connector attached to a connecting lead, thereby allowing glucose meter 10 to be linked to an external device such as a personal computer. Data port 13 may be any port that allows for transmission of data such as, for example, a serial, USB, or a parallel port. Clock 42 may be configured for measuring time and be in the form of an oscillating crystal. Battery connector 44 a may be configured to be electrically connected to a power supply.
  • In an embodiment, biosensor 24 may be in the form of an electrochemical glucose test strip. Test strip 24 may include one or more working electrodes and a counter electrode. Test strip 24 may also include a plurality of electrical contact pads, where each electrode is in electrical communication with at least one electrical contact pad. Biosensor port connector 22 may be configured to electrically interface to the electrical contact pads and form electrical communication with the electrodes. Test strip 24 may include a reagent layer that is disposed over at least one electrode. The reagent layer may include an enzyme and a mediator. Exemplary enzymes suitable for use in the reagent layer include glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase (with pyrroloquinoline quinone co-factor, “PQQ”), and glucose dehydrogenase (with flavin adenine dinucleotide co-factor, “FAD”). An exemplary mediator suitable for use in the reagent layer includes ferricyanide, which in this case is in the oxidized form. The reagent layer may be configured to physically transform glucose into an enzymatic by-product and in the process generate an amount of reduced mediator (e.g., ferrocyanide) that is proportional approximately to the glucose value or concentration present in a physiological fluid of the user or in the user's blood. The working electrode may then measure a concentration of the reduced mediator in the form of a current. In turn, glucose meter 10 may convert the current's magnitude into a glucose value or concentration of the user.
  • Referring back to FIG. 1, the second component of the diabetes management system may include a therapeutic agent delivery device 28, which has a housing, preferably elongated and of sufficient size to be handled by a human hand comfortably. The device 28, which may be referred to as an insulin pen, is provided with electronic module 30 to record dosage amounts delivered by the user, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The device 28 may include a second wireless module 32 disposed in the housing that, automatically without prompting from a user, transmits a signal to the first wireless module of glucose meter 10. The wireless signal may include data to (a) type of therapeutic agent delivered; (b) amount of therapeutic agent delivered to the user; or (c) time or date of therapeutic agent delivered and combinations of (a)-(c).
  • In an embodiment, a therapeutic delivery devices may be in the form of a “user-activated” therapeutic delivery device, which requires a manual interaction between the device and a user (for example, by a user pushing a button on the device) to initiate a single therapeutic agent delivery event and that in the absence of such manual interaction deliver no therapeutic agent to the user. A non-limiting example of such a user-activated therapeutic agent delivery device is described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/040,024 (Attorney Docket No. LFS-5180) now U.S. application Ser. No. 12/407,173 filed on 19 Mar. 2009; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/417,875 (Attorney Docket No. LFS-5183USNP) filed on Apr. 3, 2009; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/505,007 (Attorney Docket No. LFS-5186USNP and entitled “Analyte Measurement and Management Device and Associated Methods,”), filed on Jul. 17, 2009, each of which is hereby incorporated in whole by reference. Insulin pens are loaded with a vial or cartridge of insulin, and are attached to a disposable needle. Portions of the insulin pen may be reusable, or the insulin pen may be completely disposable. Insulin pens are commercially available from companies such as Novo Nordisk, Aventis, and Eli Lilly, and may be used with a variety of insulin, such as Novolog, Humalog, Levemir, and Lantus. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0182358 illustrates an exemplary insulin pen with activation of an algorithm upon removal of the insulin pen from a carrying case. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0182358 is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
  • The third component may be a health care provider's (“HCP's”) computer 26 which may be used to communicate with the analyte measurement device and/or the delivery device. In one example, the computer 26 may be connected via a mobile network to the device 10 or 28. Alternatively, the computer 26 may be connected for communication via a short-range wireless network such as, for example, infrared, Bluetooth or WiFi. In the system shown exemplarily, computer 26 may be located remotely in a diabetes clinic or hospital so that certain therapeutic protocols, which have been customized for a particular diabetic user's physiological requirements, may be transferred to such a user remotely. A personal computer, running appropriate software, allows entry and modification of set-up information (e.g. the current time, date, and language), and may perform analysis of data collected by analyte measurement device 10. In addition, the personal computer may be able to perform advanced analysis functions, and/or transmit data to other computers (i.e. over the internet) for improved diagnosis and treatment. Connecting analyte measurement device 10 with a local or remote computer may facilitate improved treatment by health care providers.
  • Referring to back to FIG. 1, a therapeutic dosing device may also be a pump 48 that includes a housing 50, a backlight button 52, an up button 54, a cartridge cap 56, a bolus button 58, a down button 60, a battery cap 62, an OK button 64, and a communication output 66. Pump 48 may be configured to dispense medication such as, for example, insulin for regulating glucose levels. Pump 48 may be similar to a commercially available pump from Animas, Corp. (West Chester, Pennsylvania, Catalog No. IR 1200). FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of the functional components of insulin pump 48, which includes a communication output (DIS) 66, navigational buttons (NAV) 72, a reservoir (RES) 74, an infrared communication port (IR) 76, a radio frequency module (RF) 78, a battery (BAT) 80, an alarm module (AL) 82, and a microprocessor (MP) 84. Note that navigational buttons 72 may include up button 54, down button 60, and ok button 64.
  • By virtue of the analyte and data management device 10 described above, the device 10 may be programmed with instructions to carry out the various methods described herein. In one embodiment, the device 10 may include a housing 11 that has a biosensor port 22 coupled to an analyte measurement unit 35 to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the test strip 24. The device 10 also includes a communication output unit coupled to a processor 38 with a plurality of user interface buttons 16, 17, and 18. The processor 38 is coupled to the analyte measurement unit 35, a memory, user interface buttons, and the communication output. The processor 38 is programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; based on the user's selection, recommend an insulin bolus amount for (1) glucose correction only; (2) carbohydrate coverage only; or (3) both carbohydrate and glucose correction; and annunciate the insulin bolus recommendation. The processor may also be programmed to verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; query the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last 3 hours and if true, warn the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and recommend an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction. In another embodiment, the last 3 hour time period may be increased to about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • Alternatively, the processor may also be programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; query the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in the last 3 hours and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and recommend an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction. In another embodiment, the last 3 hour time period may be increased to about 3 to about 5 hours.
  • In a further variation, the processor may be programmed to: verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period; determine an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and remind the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value. The second predetermined time period may range from about 5 minutes to about 180 minutes. A sub-set of the second predetermined time period may be referred to as a first retest time period or a second retest time period.
  • In yet another variation, the processor may be programmed to: flag a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period; in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period. In yet a further variation, the processor may be programmed to: flag the before meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device 10 as a pre-meal glucose value; flag an after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device 10 as a post-meal value; determine whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL; notify the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL; and remind the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
  • It should be noted that the methods or processors described herein are not limited to implementation in the analyte and data management unit 10 but may also be implemented with other health monitoring devices. For example, a processor in a mobile phone may be programmed as described earlier to work with blood glucose data received from a separate glucose meter (e.g., biosensor type meter or continuous glucose monitor). Alternatively, a processor in the insulin pump 50 may also be programmed as described earlier to work with blood glucose data received from a glucose test strip meter or a continuous glucose monitoring device. In the same spirit, a processor in the insulin pen 28 may also be programmed with the exemplary methods to work with blood glucose data received from a glucose test strip meter or a continuous glucose monitoring device.
  • As noted earlier, the microprocessor can be programmed to generally carry out the steps of various processes described herein. The microprocessor can be part of a particular device, such as, for example, a glucose meter, an insulin pen, an insulin pump, a server, a mobile phone, personal computer, or mobile hand held device. Furthermore, the various methods described herein can be used to generate software codes using off-the-shelf software development tools such as, for example, C, C+, C++, C-Sharp, Visual Studio 6.0, Windows 2000 Server, and SQL Server 2000. The methods, however, may be transformed into other software languages depending on the requirements and the availability of new software languages for coding the methods. Additionally, the various methods described, once transformed into suitable software codes, may be embodied in any computer-readable storage medium that, when executed by a suitable microprocessor or computer, are operable to carry out the steps described in these methods along with any other necessary steps.
  • While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. For example, the invention may be applied not only to docking stations and glucose meters, but may also be applied to any electronic device that needs a power supply and that may be re-set such as insulin infusion pump, continuous glucose monitoring system and the like. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims (24)

What is claimed is:
1. A method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user, the method comprising:
conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with an analyte measurement and management device;
verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period;
querying the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in a third predetermined time period and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin and recommending an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction.
2. The method of claim 1, in which the third predetermined time period comprises any value from about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
3. A method of managing blood glucose value of a diabetes user, the method comprising:
conducting a plurality of glucose measurements from physiological fluids of a user with an analyte measurement and management device;
verifying whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period;
determining an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and
reminding the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of conducting at least one glucose measurement after a meal whenever a post meal glucose value is within a predetermined deviation of a pre-meal blood glucose measurement value.
5. The method of claim 3, in which the reminding comprises:
evaluating whether a last measured glucose measurement value is within a normal range;
in the event that the last measured glucose measurement value is outside a normal range then determining whether the last measured value is a high value and setting a reminder to retest within a first retest time period; or
determining whether the last measured value is a low value and setting a reminder to retest within a second retest time period.
6. The method of claim 4, in which the conducting comprises:
evaluating whether a pre-meal flag or a post-meal flag was set in the analyte measurement and management device; and in the event a pre-meal flag was set, determining the insulin bolus.
7. The method of claim 3, in which the determining of the insulin bolus comprises:
if the verifying returns a no, reminding the user to conduct a glucose measurement otherwise, recommending an insulin bolus based on a combination of recommended carbohydrates amount and user-provided carbohydrates amount.
8. The method of claim 3, in which the determining of the insulin bolus comprises:
if the verifying returns a no, reminding the user to conduct a glucose measurement otherwise, recommending an insulin bolus amount for (a) glucose correction only; (b) carbohydrate coverage only; or (c) both carbohydrate and glucose correction; and
annunciating the insulin bolus recommendation.
9. The method of claim 3, in which the determining of the insulin bolus comprises:
recommending an amount of carbohydrates;
determining whether to adjust insulin amount for a meal;
upon no adjustment then evaluating whether to adjust insulin for target glucose value or concentration of the user; and
upon no adjustment, receiving from the user an amount of carbohydrates and evaluating whether to adjust insulin for carbohydrate coverage only or both carbohydrate and glucose correction.
10. The method of claim 9, in which the amount of carbohydrate ranges from about 30 grams to about 50 grams.
11. The method of claim 3, in which the determining of the insulin bolus comprises:
verifying whether an insulin bolus amount for glucose correction was entered by the user within a third predetermined time period and if true then (a) warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and (b) recommending an insulin amount for glucose correction otherwise determining
(1) whether a pre-meal flag is set with a glucose measurement conducted within the third predetermined time period and if true then (a) warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and (b) recommending an insulin amount for glucose correction;
(2) whether a latest glucose measurement is flagged as post-meal within the third predetermined time period and if true then (a) warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and (b) recommending an insulin amount for glucose correction.
12. The method of claim 11, in which the third predetermined time period comprises any value from about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
13. A method for diabetes management of a user with an analyte measurement and management device, the method comprising:
flagging a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement;
in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period;
in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, reminding the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period.
14. The method of claim 13, in which the first threshold comprises a glucose value or concentration of the user of about 60 mg/dL and the first retest time period comprises any value from about 5 to about 30 minutes.
15. The method of claim 13, in which the second threshold comprises a glucose value or concentration of the user of about 180 mg/dL and the second retest time period comprises any value from about 30 to about 180 minutes.
16. A method of notifying a diabetes user of certain glycemic condition of the user with an analyte measurement and management device, the method comprising:
conducting a glucose measurement before a meal with the analyte measurement and management device;
flagging the before meal glucose measurement in a memory of the analyte measurement and management device as a pre-meal glucose value;
conducting a glucose measurement after a meal with the analyte measurement and management device;
flagging the after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device as a post-meal value;
determining whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL; and
notifying the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL and reminding the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
17. The method of claim 16, in which the reminding comprises prompting the user to set a reminder.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising notifying the user of a normal message whenever the difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is less than about 50 mg/dL.
19. The method of claim 16, in which the flagging comprises selecting a type of flag from a menu of flags in which the selected flag comprises an increased font size relative to the unselected menu of flags.
20. An analyte measurement and management device comprising:
a housing having:
a biosensor port coupled to an analyte measurement unit and configured to receive a biosensor;
a glucose measurement unit coupled to the biosensor port to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the biosensor;
a communication output unit disposed on the housing; and
a plurality of user interface buttons;
a processor coupled to the analyte measurement unit, a memory, user interface buttons and communication output unit; and
in which the processor is programmed to
(a) verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period;
(b) query the user as to whether an insulin calculation was utilized by the user in a third predetermined time period and if true, warning the user that insulin may still be physiologically active to the user in a situation during which the user took insulin; and
(c) recommend an insulin bolus based on both carbohydrate coverage and glucose correction.
21. The method of claim 20, in which the third predetermined time period comprises any value from about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
22. An analyte measurement and management device comprising:
a housing having:
a biosensor port coupled to an analyte measurement unit and configured to receive a biosensor;
a glucose measurement unit coupled to the biosensor port to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the biosensor;
a communication output unit disposed on the housing; and
a plurality of user interface buttons;
a processor coupled to the analyte measurement unit, a memory, user interface buttons and communication output unit; and
in which the processor is programmed to:
(a) verify whether a most recent glucose measurement was made within a first predetermined time period;
(b) determine an insulin bolus for delivery to the user based on at least one of the plurality of blood glucose measurement values, insulin sensitivity of the user, insulin to carbohydrate ratio, and target glucose value; and
(c) remind the user to conduct a glucose measurement within a second predetermined time period whenever a glucose measurement from the user's physiological fluid indicates an abnormal glucose value.
23. An analyte measurement and management device comprising:
a housing having:
a biosensor port coupled to an analyte measurement unit and configured to receive a biosensor;
a glucose measurement unit coupled to the biosensor port to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the biosensor;
a communication output unit disposed on the housing; and
a plurality of user interface buttons;
a processor coupled to the analyte measurement unit, a memory, user interface buttons and communication output unit; and
in which the processor is programmed to:
(a) flag a glucose measurement conducted by the user as a fasting glucose measurement;
(b) in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is less than a first threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a first retest time period;
(c) in the event the flagged fasting glucose measurement is greater than a second threshold, remind the user to conduct another glucose measurement after a second retest time period.
24. An analyte measurement and management device comprising:
a housing having:
a biosensor port coupled to an analyte measurement unit and configured to receive a biosensor;
a glucose measurement unit coupled to the biosensor port to provide data regarding an amount of glucose measured in a user's physiological fluid deposited on the biosensor;
a communication output unit disposed on the housing; and
a plurality of user interface buttons;
a processor coupled to the analyte measurement unit, a memory, user interface buttons and communication output unit; and
in which the processor is programmed to:
(a) flag the before meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device as a pre-meal glucose value;
(b) flag an after-meal glucose measurement in the memory of the analyte measurement and management device as a post-meal value;
(c) determine whether a difference between the flagged post-meal glucose value and flagged pre-meal glucose value is within about 50 mg/dL;
(d) notify the user whenever the difference is greater than about 50 mg/dL; and
(e) remind the user to re-test in a second retest time period.
US14/631,891 2009-09-29 2015-02-26 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management Abandoned US20150165120A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/631,891 US20150165120A1 (en) 2009-09-29 2015-02-26 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24663009P 2009-09-29 2009-09-29
US12/826,674 US8974387B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2010-06-30 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management
US14/631,891 US20150165120A1 (en) 2009-09-29 2015-02-26 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/826,674 Division US8974387B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2010-06-30 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150165120A1 true US20150165120A1 (en) 2015-06-18

Family

ID=42797401

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/826,674 Active 2032-06-05 US8974387B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2010-06-30 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management
US14/631,891 Abandoned US20150165120A1 (en) 2009-09-29 2015-02-26 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/826,674 Active 2032-06-05 US8974387B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2010-06-30 Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US8974387B2 (en)
EP (3) EP2644088B1 (en)
JP (3) JP5657678B2 (en)
CN (3) CN103976741B (en)
BR (1) BR112012007134A2 (en)
CA (3) CA2957595C (en)
ES (3) ES2480421T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1172225A1 (en)
IN (1) IN2012DN02710A (en)
RU (1) RU2559931C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2011041007A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11309088B2 (en) * 2016-01-29 2022-04-19 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method, system, and computer readable medium for virtualization of a continuous glucose monitoring trace

Families Citing this family (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080172026A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump having a suspension bolus
US7768408B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2010-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in data monitoring system
US10952664B2 (en) * 2006-07-19 2021-03-23 Cross Technology Solutions Ab Mobile apparatus, method and system for processing blood sugar affecting factors
US8579853B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2013-11-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Infusion devices and methods
US20080119702A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-22 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte meter having alert, alarm and test reminder capabilities and methods of use
US20130331659A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2013-12-12 Modz Oy User interface of a measurement device and system
US20130324823A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2013-12-05 Modz Oy Measurement device, system and method
US8221345B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2012-07-17 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Insulin pump based expert system
US20090177142A1 (en) 2008-01-09 2009-07-09 Smiths Medical Md, Inc Insulin pump with add-on modules
US10624577B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2020-04-21 Hygieia, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for alleviating glucotoxicity and restoring pancreatic beta-cell function in advanced diabetes mellitus
ES2888427T3 (en) 2009-07-23 2022-01-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Real-time management of data related to the physiological control of glucose levels
EP3284494A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2018-02-21 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Portable infusion pump system
BR112012007134A2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2016-08-23 Lifescan Scotland Ltd diabetes control analyte test device and method
US20110208027A1 (en) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Methods And Systems For Providing Therapeutic Guidelines To A Person Having Diabetes
EP2590098B1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2014-11-05 Lifescan Scotland Limited Analyte testing method and system with high and low blood glucose trends notification
TWI428120B (en) * 2011-05-27 2014-03-01 Wistron Corp Method and apparatus for measuring a human physiological signal
JP6058673B2 (en) 2011-09-13 2017-01-11 ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス An adaptive system for optimizing drug administration therapy over time
CA3101645A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Methods, devices and systems for analyte monitoring management
WO2013161797A1 (en) * 2012-04-24 2013-10-31 テルモ株式会社 Blood glucose meter
CN104246506B (en) * 2012-04-24 2016-02-10 泰尔茂株式会社 Blood glucose meter
US9180242B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2015-11-10 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Methods and devices for multiple fluid transfer
US20130321425A1 (en) 2012-06-05 2013-12-05 Dexcom, Inc. Reporting modules
CN104620244A (en) * 2012-07-11 2015-05-13 卡伦·弗朗西丝·汤姆森 Method, system and apparatus for setting insulin dosages for diabetics
WO2014036177A1 (en) 2012-08-30 2014-03-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing medication dosage based on analyte sensor data
US9171343B1 (en) 2012-09-11 2015-10-27 Aseko, Inc. Means and method for improved glycemic control for diabetic patients
US9897565B1 (en) 2012-09-11 2018-02-20 Aseko, Inc. System and method for optimizing insulin dosages for diabetic subjects
US8920628B2 (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-12-30 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for multiple analyte analysis
US9173998B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-11-03 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump
CN105339943B (en) * 2013-06-21 2019-01-01 费森尤斯维尔公司 The method and control equipment controlled for the insulin administration to patient
US9710604B2 (en) * 2013-06-27 2017-07-18 Lifescan, Inc. Analyte meter with operational range configuration technique
WO2015021041A2 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-12 Hygieia, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for alleviating glucotoxicity and restoring pancreatic beta-cell function in advanced diabetes mellitus
EP2851821A1 (en) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-25 Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH Medical device and method operating same
CA2925458C (en) 2013-09-26 2021-11-30 Companion Medical, Inc. System for administering a medicament
EP4250313A3 (en) 2013-12-26 2023-11-22 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Integration of infusion pump with remote electronic device
WO2015100340A1 (en) 2013-12-26 2015-07-02 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Safety processor for wireless control of a drug delivery device
US9486580B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2016-11-08 Aseko, Inc. Insulin management
US9898585B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2018-02-20 Aseko, Inc. Method and system for insulin management
AU2015244291B2 (en) * 2014-04-10 2017-06-22 Dexcom, Inc. Glycemic urgency assessment and alerts interface
EP3167393B1 (en) 2014-07-10 2019-11-06 Companion Medical Inc. Medicine administering system including injection pen and companion device
US11081226B2 (en) 2014-10-27 2021-08-03 Aseko, Inc. Method and controller for administering recommended insulin dosages to a patient
US9892234B2 (en) 2014-10-27 2018-02-13 Aseko, Inc. Subcutaneous outpatient management
US10617363B2 (en) * 2015-04-02 2020-04-14 Roche Diabetes Care, Inc. Methods and systems for analyzing glucose data measured from a person having diabetes
US9878097B2 (en) * 2015-04-29 2018-01-30 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Operating an infusion pump system
EP3337402A4 (en) 2015-08-20 2019-04-24 Aseko, Inc. Diabetes management therapy advisor
SI3138489T1 (en) * 2015-09-02 2020-10-30 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Kit for determining an analyte concentration
RU168959U1 (en) * 2015-12-09 2017-02-28 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Ростовский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Device for early diagnosis of anastomotic insolvency
EP3407940A4 (en) 2016-01-29 2019-09-04 Companion Medical, Inc. Automatic medication delivery tracking
US10426896B2 (en) * 2016-09-27 2019-10-01 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Medicine injection and disease management systems, devices, and methods
CN110100285A (en) 2016-12-23 2019-08-06 赛诺菲-安万特德国有限公司 Data Management Unit for supporting health to control
JP2020518877A (en) * 2016-12-23 2020-06-25 サノフィ−アベンティス・ドイチュラント・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Data management unit to support health care
JP7146764B2 (en) * 2016-12-23 2022-10-04 サノフィ-アベンティス・ドイチュラント・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング Data management unit to support health management
CN106803014A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-06-06 中国农业科学院特产研究所 A kind of system and method for calculating serum NAT
USD853583S1 (en) 2017-03-29 2019-07-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Hand-held device housing
US11484657B2 (en) 2017-06-09 2022-11-01 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods
JP2019018005A (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-02-07 アークレイ株式会社 Presentation method, presentation device, and presentation program
US11568975B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2023-01-31 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods for dose recommendation and management
US20200282142A1 (en) * 2017-10-19 2020-09-10 Sanofi Bolus Calculator and Method for Calculating a Bolus
US11464459B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2022-10-11 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. User interface for diabetes management systems including flash glucose monitor
WO2019118532A1 (en) 2017-12-12 2019-06-20 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Medicine injection and disease management systems, devices, and methods
US10987464B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-04-27 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Pen cap for insulin injection pens and associated methods and systems
US11077243B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-08-03 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for estimating active medication from injections
HUE053836T2 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-07-28 Hoffmann La Roche Method for operating a drug delivery system and drug delivery system
US11664107B2 (en) 2018-05-08 2023-05-30 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods using a prescription-regulated software application
US10898653B2 (en) 2018-05-08 2021-01-26 Companion Medical, Inc. Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods for dose setting and dispensing monitoring
USD893020S1 (en) 2018-05-11 2020-08-11 Companion Medical, Inc. Injection pen
USD892819S1 (en) 2018-06-20 2020-08-11 Companion Medical, Inc. Display screen with graphical user interface
US11587663B2 (en) 2018-06-20 2023-02-21 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent medication delivery systems and methods for medicine dose calculation and reporting
EP3991174A1 (en) * 2019-06-27 2022-05-04 Eli Lilly and Company Systems and methods for detecting missed bolus doses
EP4094264A1 (en) * 2020-01-23 2022-11-30 Insulet Corporation Meal insulin determination for improved post prandial response
IT202000027375A1 (en) 2020-11-16 2022-05-16 Cristina Cucchiarelli SMART BRACELET DEVICE CONTAINING GLUCOSE AND/OR GLUCAGON
US11701473B2 (en) 2021-06-23 2023-07-18 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Reusable injection pens

Family Cites Families (138)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4002408A (en) 1971-10-14 1977-01-11 Gakken Co. Ltd. System and device for overhead projection
US4731726A (en) 1986-05-19 1988-03-15 Healthware Corporation Patient-operated glucose monitor and diabetes management system
US5251126A (en) 1990-10-29 1993-10-05 Miles Inc. Diabetes data analysis and interpretation method
US5263908A (en) 1992-11-04 1993-11-23 Ping Chen Multi-functional physical exercise apparatus
US5956501A (en) 1997-01-10 1999-09-21 Health Hero Network, Inc. Disease simulation system and method
US5307263A (en) 1992-11-17 1994-04-26 Raya Systems, Inc. Modular microprocessor-based health monitoring system
AUPN363995A0 (en) 1995-06-19 1995-07-13 Memtec Limited Electrochemical cell
US6413410B1 (en) 1996-06-19 2002-07-02 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
AUPN661995A0 (en) 1995-11-16 1995-12-07 Memtec America Corporation Electrochemical cell 2
US6863801B2 (en) 1995-11-16 2005-03-08 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical cell
EP1011426A1 (en) 1997-02-26 2000-06-28 Diasense, Inc. Individual calibration of blood glucose for supporting noninvasive self-monitoring blood glucose
AUPO581397A0 (en) 1997-03-21 1997-04-17 Memtec America Corporation Sensor connection means
US5954643A (en) 1997-06-09 1999-09-21 Minimid Inc. Insertion set for a transcutaneous sensor
US7267665B2 (en) 1999-06-03 2007-09-11 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop system for controlling insulin infusion
US6558351B1 (en) 1999-06-03 2003-05-06 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop system for controlling insulin infusion
JPH1156822A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-03-02 Omron Corp Blood sugar measuring instrument
NZ504879A (en) 1997-12-04 2003-05-30 Roche Diagnostics Corp Instrument for engaging a power cell
DE19814219A1 (en) 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Insulin medication control procedures
US6045513A (en) 1998-05-13 2000-04-04 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device for tracking patient functional status
KR100627990B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2006-09-26 노보 노르디스크 에이/에스 A method and a system for assisting a user in a medical self treatment, said self treatment comprising a plurality of actions
US6475372B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2002-11-05 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical methods and devices for use in the determination of hematocrit corrected analyte concentrations
US7806886B2 (en) 1999-06-03 2010-10-05 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling insulin infusion with state variable feedback
US6193873B1 (en) 1999-06-15 2001-02-27 Lifescan, Inc. Sample detection to initiate timing of an electrochemical assay
US6925393B1 (en) 1999-11-18 2005-08-02 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh System for the extrapolation of glucose concentration
US6716577B1 (en) 2000-02-02 2004-04-06 Lifescan, Inc. Electrochemical test strip for use in analyte determination
US7890295B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2011-02-15 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Real time self-adjusting calibration algorithm
US6572542B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-06-03 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for monitoring and controlling the glycemic state of a patient
EP1359838A2 (en) 2000-06-26 2003-11-12 Boston Medical Technologies, Inc. Glucose metering system
US6633772B2 (en) 2000-08-18 2003-10-14 Cygnus, Inc. Formulation and manipulation of databases of analyte and associated values
US20020026111A1 (en) 2000-08-28 2002-02-28 Neil Ackerman Methods of monitoring glucose levels in a subject and uses thereof
EP1296590A2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-04-02 Inverness Medical Limited A personal condition management system
JP2002336206A (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Health examination network system
WO2002100148A2 (en) 2001-06-08 2002-12-19 Novartis Ag Treatment or prophylaxis of insulin-producing cell graft rejection
US7179226B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2007-02-20 Animas Corporation System and method for managing diabetes
US20030208113A1 (en) 2001-07-18 2003-11-06 Mault James R Closed loop glycemic index system
US6544212B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2003-04-08 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Diabetes management system
US20080177154A1 (en) 2001-08-13 2008-07-24 Novo Nordisk A/S Portable Device and Method Of Communicating Medical Data Information
US20040162678A1 (en) 2001-08-13 2004-08-19 Donald Hetzel Method of screening for disorders of glucose metabolism
US6691043B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2004-02-10 Maxi-Med, Llc Bolus calculator
US20030108976A1 (en) 2001-10-09 2003-06-12 Braig James R. Method and apparatus for improving clinical accuracy of analyte measurements
US8224663B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2012-07-17 Becton, Dickinson And Company System and method for assessment and corrective action based on guidelines
US20030175806A1 (en) 2001-11-21 2003-09-18 Peter Rule Method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of alternative site analyte concentration measurements
US6749887B1 (en) 2001-11-28 2004-06-15 Lifescan, Inc. Solution drying system
US7204823B2 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-04-17 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Medication delivery system and monitor
US20080255438A1 (en) 2001-12-27 2008-10-16 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US7399277B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2008-07-15 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US20050027182A1 (en) 2001-12-27 2005-02-03 Uzair Siddiqui System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US7022072B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2006-04-04 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US20030212379A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-11-13 Bylund Adam David Systems and methods for remotely controlling medication infusion and analyte monitoring
US6852104B2 (en) 2002-02-28 2005-02-08 Smiths Medical Md, Inc. Programmable insulin pump
US20030211617A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-13 International Business Machines Corporation Blood glucose meter that reminds the user to test after a hypoglycemic event
GB2418258B (en) 2002-06-05 2006-08-23 Diabetes Diagnostics Inc Analyte testing device
US20040068230A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2004-04-08 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for providing blood glucose measurements to an infusion device
ES2456068T3 (en) 2002-08-13 2014-04-21 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method, system and software product for glycemia self-monitoring (SMBG) data processing to improve diabetic self-management
ES2384558T3 (en) 2002-09-11 2012-07-06 Becton Dickinson And Company Blood glucose monitoring including convenient visual presentation of averages and measurement values
US7404796B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2008-07-29 Becton Dickinson And Company System for determining insulin dose using carbohydrate to insulin ratio and insulin sensitivity factor
US7291256B2 (en) 2002-09-12 2007-11-06 Lifescan, Inc. Mediator stabilized reagent compositions and methods for their use in electrochemical analyte detection assays
DK1575656T3 (en) 2002-10-11 2009-09-14 Becton Dickinson Co Insulin delivery system with sensor
US7137951B2 (en) * 2002-10-23 2006-11-21 Joseph Pilarski Method of food and insulin dose management for a diabetic subject
US20040115754A1 (en) 2002-12-11 2004-06-17 Umax Data Systems Inc. Method for establishing a long-term profile of blood sugar level aiding self-control of the same
US8718943B2 (en) 2003-04-01 2014-05-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for utilizing analyte levels to assist in the treatment of diabetes
US8071028B2 (en) * 2003-06-12 2011-12-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing power management in data communication systems
US8845536B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2014-09-30 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
EP1680175B1 (en) 2003-11-06 2019-06-05 LifeScan, Inc. Drug delivery pen with event notification means
JP4611372B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2011-01-12 ダイアベティス ツールズ スウェーデン アーベー Metabolic monitoring, method and apparatus for displaying conditions related to the health of a subject
JP3590054B1 (en) 2004-02-26 2004-11-17 株式会社日立製作所 Blood glucose measurement device
DE102004011135A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2005-09-29 Disetronic Licensing Ag Method and apparatus for calculating a bolus amount
EP1735729A2 (en) 2004-03-26 2006-12-27 Novo Nordisk A/S Device for displaying data relevant for a diabetic patient
BRPI0510779A (en) 2004-05-14 2007-11-20 Bayer Healthcare Llc methods for performing hematocrit adjustment in assays and devices for same
DE602005024133D1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2010-11-25 Medtronic Minimed Inc SYSTEM FOR MONITORING PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ACCORDING TO THE BIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE USER
WO2006009199A1 (en) 2004-07-21 2006-01-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Blood sugar level management system
US7291107B2 (en) 2004-08-26 2007-11-06 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Insulin bolus recommendation system
US20070010950A1 (en) 2004-12-03 2007-01-11 Abensour Daniel S Method to determine the degree and stability of blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus via the creation and continuous update of new statistical indicators in blood glucose monitors or free standing computers
EP1869598A2 (en) 2004-12-17 2007-12-26 Bayer Healthcare, LLC Device having a trend-indicating display
WO2006066583A1 (en) 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Novo Nordisk A/S Method and device for enhanced determination of patterns in data related to at least one physiological condition of a user
ES2570993T3 (en) * 2004-12-29 2016-05-23 Lifescan Scotland Ltd Data entry method in an analyte analysis device
ITBO20050002A1 (en) 2005-01-04 2006-07-05 Giacomo Vespasiani METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DATA CONCERNING AN INSULIN THERAPY IN SELF-CONTROL FOR A DIABETIC PATIENT
AU2006216795A1 (en) 2005-02-22 2006-08-31 Bayer Healthcare Llc Iconic display of markers for a meter
CA2605417C (en) 2005-04-22 2021-05-04 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha The 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-ag) assay and a1c/1,5-ag assay combination for measuring blood glucose excursions in general and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients
US7509156B2 (en) 2005-05-18 2009-03-24 Clarian Health Partners, Inc. System for managing glucose levels in patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia
EP1728468A1 (en) 2005-06-04 2006-12-06 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Evaluation of blood glucose concentration values for adaptation of insulin dosage
US7670288B2 (en) 2005-06-08 2010-03-02 Sher Philip M Fluctuating blood glucose notification threshold profiles and methods of use
WO2007000426A2 (en) 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Novo Nordisk A/S User interface for delivery system providing shortcut navigation
US20070016449A1 (en) 2005-06-29 2007-01-18 Gary Cohen Flexible glucose analysis using varying time report deltas and configurable glucose target ranges
UY29721A1 (en) 2005-08-05 2007-03-30 Bayer Healthcare Llc METER WITH POSTPRANDIAL TIME ALARM TO PERFORM DETERMINATIONS
TWI417543B (en) 2005-08-05 2013-12-01 Bayer Healthcare Llc Meters and method of using meters having a multi-level user interface with predefined levels of user features
JP2009506852A (en) 2005-09-09 2009-02-19 エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー System, tool, apparatus and program for diabetes treatment
US8084420B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2011-12-27 Biodel Inc. Rapid acting and long acting insulin combination formulations
US7749371B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-07-06 Lifescan, Inc. Method and apparatus for rapid electrochemical analysis
US7981034B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2011-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Smart messages and alerts for an infusion delivery and management system
US8226891B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2012-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US8529751B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2013-09-10 Lifescan, Inc. Systems and methods for discriminating control solution from a physiological sample
WO2007149533A2 (en) 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Dose Safety System, method and article for controlling the dispensing of insulin
US7914460B2 (en) 2006-08-15 2011-03-29 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Condensate glucose analyzer
US9056165B2 (en) * 2006-09-06 2015-06-16 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent therapy recommendation algorithm and method of using the same
US20080172031A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump having correction factors
US20080171967A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump having a food database
US20080172028A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump having selectable insulin absorption models
US20080172027A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump having basal rate testing features
US20080172029A1 (en) 2006-10-17 2008-07-17 Blomquist Michael L Insulin pump for determining carbohydrate consumption
US20080119710A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2008-05-22 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Medical devices and methods of using the same
US20080119702A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-22 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte meter having alert, alarm and test reminder capabilities and methods of use
WO2008073609A2 (en) * 2006-11-01 2008-06-19 Philip Michael Sher Device for predicting and managing blood glucose concentration by analyzing the effect of, and controlling, pharmacodynamic insulin unit equivalents
US8079955B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2011-12-20 Isense Corporation Method and apparatus for managing glucose control
US20080139910A1 (en) 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Metronic Minimed, Inc. Analyte sensor and method of using the same
WO2008071218A1 (en) 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Egomedical Swiss Ag Monitoring device
US20080154513A1 (en) 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Systems, Methods and Computer Program Codes for Recognition of Patterns of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia, Increased Glucose Variability, and Ineffective Self-Monitoring in Diabetes
US20080262088A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2008-10-23 Wendy Hauck Methods, compounds, and compositions for treating metabolic disorders and diabetes
US10154804B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2018-12-18 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Model predictive method and system for controlling and supervising insulin infusion
US20080206799A1 (en) 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Michael Blomquist Carbohydrate ratio testing using frequent blood glucose input
US20080235053A1 (en) 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Pinaki Ray Communication medium for diabetes management
US8758245B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2014-06-24 Lifescan, Inc. Systems and methods for pattern recognition in diabetes management
US20080255707A1 (en) * 2007-04-10 2008-10-16 Hebblewhite Harry R Method and system for categorizing blood glucose tests at test time in a portable device or later in a downloading program and then analyzing the categories separately
US20080269714A1 (en) 2007-04-25 2008-10-30 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop/semi-closed loop therapy modification system
US20080294024A1 (en) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Cosentino Daniel L Glucose meter system and monitor
US20080312518A1 (en) 2007-06-14 2008-12-18 Arkal Medical, Inc On-demand analyte monitor and method of use
US8444595B2 (en) * 2007-06-15 2013-05-21 Animas Corporation Methods to pair a medical device and at least a remote controller for such medical device
ES2733350T3 (en) 2007-06-27 2019-11-28 Hoffmann La Roche System for medical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for requested events and procedure
DK3460644T3 (en) 2007-06-29 2021-03-22 Hoffmann La Roche Electronic blood glucose meter
EP2023256A1 (en) 2007-08-02 2009-02-11 Novo Nordisk A/S Drug administration monitoring
US7935076B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2011-05-03 Asante Solutions, Inc. Activity sensing techniques for an infusion pump system
US20090112626A1 (en) 2007-10-30 2009-04-30 Cary Talbot Remote wireless monitoring, processing, and communication of patient data
JP5427350B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2014-02-26 パナソニックヘルスケア株式会社 Trend prediction device and trend prediction system
EP2225685B1 (en) 2007-12-10 2018-08-29 Ascensia Diabetes Care Holdings AG Interface for a health measurement and monitoring system
US8290559B2 (en) 2007-12-17 2012-10-16 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US9199031B2 (en) 2007-12-26 2015-12-01 Ofer Yodfat Maintaining glycemic control during exercise
US20090177147A1 (en) 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Michael Blomquist Insulin pump with insulin therapy coaching
US8603768B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2013-12-10 Lifescan, Inc. System and method for measuring an analyte in a sample
US20090240127A1 (en) 2008-03-20 2009-09-24 Lifescan, Inc. Methods of determining pre or post meal time slots or intervals in diabetes management
IL197532A0 (en) 2008-03-21 2009-12-24 Lifescan Scotland Ltd Analyte testing method and system
US20090247982A1 (en) 2008-03-27 2009-10-01 Lifescan Inc. Medical Device Mechanical Pump
WO2009137661A1 (en) 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Lifescan, Inc. Analyte measurement and management device and associated methods
JP5261026B2 (en) 2008-05-22 2013-08-14 株式会社タニタ Blood glucose level measuring apparatus and postprandial average blood glucose level measuring method
CA2731031A1 (en) 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Lifescan, Inc. Analyte measurement and management device and associated methods
TWI377515B (en) 2008-08-14 2012-11-21 Eps Bio Technology Corp Health management device
SG159459A1 (en) 2008-08-15 2010-03-30 Lifescan Scotland Ltd Analyte testing method and system
US20100174228A1 (en) 2008-10-24 2010-07-08 Bruce Buckingham Hypoglycemia prediction and control
BR112012007134A2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2016-08-23 Lifescan Scotland Ltd diabetes control analyte test device and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11309088B2 (en) * 2016-01-29 2022-04-19 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method, system, and computer readable medium for virtualization of a continuous glucose monitoring trace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2012117828A (en) 2013-11-10
CN103976741A (en) 2014-08-13
IN2012DN02710A (en) 2015-09-11
EP2644088A1 (en) 2013-10-02
RU2559931C2 (en) 2015-08-20
HK1172225A1 (en) 2013-04-19
CA3077994A1 (en) 2011-04-07
CA2957595C (en) 2020-06-02
CA2775812C (en) 2018-02-13
CN105205340A (en) 2015-12-30
JP5657678B2 (en) 2015-01-21
ES2631610T3 (en) 2017-09-01
JP2015091320A (en) 2015-05-14
CN103976741B (en) 2017-02-22
CA2957595A1 (en) 2011-04-07
BR112012007134A2 (en) 2016-08-23
JP2017037092A (en) 2017-02-16
EP2482712A1 (en) 2012-08-08
CN102639058A (en) 2012-08-15
EP2698106B1 (en) 2017-05-10
WO2011041007A1 (en) 2011-04-07
EP2482712B1 (en) 2014-05-07
JP2013505808A (en) 2013-02-21
JP6461885B2 (en) 2019-01-30
CN102639058B (en) 2015-11-25
EP2698106A1 (en) 2014-02-19
US8974387B2 (en) 2015-03-10
JP6033826B2 (en) 2016-11-30
EP2644088B1 (en) 2017-01-18
CA3077994C (en) 2022-06-21
ES2619595T3 (en) 2017-06-26
CA2775812A1 (en) 2011-04-07
ES2480421T3 (en) 2014-07-28
US20110077493A1 (en) 2011-03-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8974387B2 (en) Analyte testing method and device for diabetes management
EP2448469B1 (en) Analyte testing methods and device for calculating basal insulin therapy
AU2011207314B2 (en) Analyte testing method and system
US20110205065A1 (en) Analyte testing method and system with safety warning for insulin dosing
TW201415404A (en) Method and system to manage diabetes using multiple risk indicators for a person with diabetes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHADFORTH, IAN;PRICE, DAVID;ANDERSON, GRETCHEN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100513 TO 20100614;REEL/FRAME:044627/0287

AS Assignment

Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH CAROLINA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:047179/0150

Effective date: 20181001

Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:047179/0150

Effective date: 20181001

AS Assignment

Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH CAROLINA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:047186/0836

Effective date: 20181001

Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NORTH

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:047186/0836

Effective date: 20181001

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: EXPRESSLY ABANDONED -- DURING EXAMINATION

AS Assignment

Owner name: CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LTD.;REEL/FRAME:050839/0634

Effective date: 20181001

Owner name: LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL;REEL/FRAME:050840/0006

Effective date: 20181001

AS Assignment

Owner name: CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE DELETING PROPERTY NUMBER 6990849, 7169116, 7351770, 7462265,7468125, 7572356, 8093903, 8486245, 8066866 AND ADD 10431140 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 050839 FRAME: 0634. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:LIFESCAN SCOTLAND LTD.;REEL/FRAME:064656/0141

Effective date: 20181001

AS Assignment

Owner name: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC., NEW JERSEY

Free format text: RELEASE OF SECOND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED OCT. 3, 2018, REEL/FRAME 047186/0836;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:064206/0176

Effective date: 20230627

Owner name: JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC., PENNSYLVANIA

Free format text: RELEASE OF SECOND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED OCT. 3, 2018, REEL/FRAME 047186/0836;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:064206/0176

Effective date: 20230627

Owner name: LIFESCAN IP HOLDINGS, LLC, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: RELEASE OF SECOND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED OCT. 3, 2018, REEL/FRAME 047186/0836;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:064206/0176

Effective date: 20230627