US20140345837A1 - Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method - Google Patents
Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20140345837A1 US20140345837A1 US13/901,031 US201313901031A US2014345837A1 US 20140345837 A1 US20140345837 A1 US 20140345837A1 US 201313901031 A US201313901031 A US 201313901031A US 2014345837 A1 US2014345837 A1 US 2014345837A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- fluid
- distribution assembly
- distribution
- channel
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
- F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
Definitions
- the present invention relates to heat exchanger arrangements, and more particularly to a heat exchanger distribution assembly, as well as a method of distributing fluid to a heat exchanger.
- heat exchangers such as mini-channel, micro-channel, plate-fin, and brazed-plate heat exchangers, for example, distribution is particularly difficult due to the requirement that the flow must be distributed among many layers and small ports.
- these types of heat exchangers may employ a piccolo distributor having a closed-end tube with a series of holes in the side. The assumption behind this approach is that the flow entering the distributor is annular or well-mixed and remains that way through the distributor tube.
- the cavity within the distributor may not be able to avert separation of the two-phase fluid under different operating conditions. The flow may tend to stratify due to deceleration in the distributor and as a result, liquid pools at the end of the tube while vapor leaves through early ports. Therefore, the mass fraction provided to each fin passage is not properly apportioned and may yield poor system performance.
- a heat exchanger distribution assembly includes a channel guide comprising an outer surface. Also included is an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion. Further included is a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.
- method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger includes supplying a fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths.
- the method also includes apportioning the fluid through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring.
- the method further includes routing the fluid through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell.
- the method yet further includes distributing the fluid to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger arrangement
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger distribution assembly of the heat exchanger arrangement according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a disassembled view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to the embodiment of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to another aspect of the embodiments.
- FIG. 7 is a disassembled view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger.
- a heat exchanger arrangement 10 is schematically illustrated.
- the heat exchanger arrangement 10 may be used in conjunction with an assembly or system of a vehicle, such as an aircraft, however, it is contemplated that other vehicles or applications may benefit from the embodiments described herein.
- the heat exchanger arrangement 10 is employed in an aircraft air conditioning system or refrigeration unit.
- the heat exchanger arrangement 10 includes an expansion valve assembly 12 configured to reduce pressure from a refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor, thereby resulting in a fluid 14 comprising a two-phase flow.
- the fluid 14 is supplied to a heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 .
- the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 is illustrated in an installed condition with the expansion valve assembly 12 and a heat exchanger 18 , such as an evaporator. It is contemplated that the embodiments of the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 may be used in conjunction with various types of heat exchangers, such as those having a construction referred to as micro-channel, mini-channel, plate-fin, and brazed plate.
- the distribution assembly 16 includes an outer shell 20 that includes an outer surface 22 and an inner surface 24 , with the inner surface 24 defining a hollow portion 26 .
- a channel guide 28 is disposed within the hollow portion 26 and includes an outer surface 30 .
- the general geometry of the channel guide 28 substantially corresponds to the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 .
- the hollow portion 26 and the channel guide 28 are formed in a substantially cylindrical manner, however, cross-sectional geometries having a non-circular geometry are contemplated.
- the outer shell 20 is operatively coupled to the heat exchanger 18 and to the expansion valve assembly 12 proximate a first end 27 of the outer shell 20 .
- Coupling with the expansion valve assembly 12 forms a fluid inlet path 32 that facilitates fluid communication between the expansion valve assembly 12 and a homogenized fluid supply arrangement.
- the homogenized fluid supply arrangement comprises a nozzle 34 , but it is to be appreciated that alternative suitable arrangements may be employed to provide a homogenized flow.
- the illustrated embodiment includes additional components, with respect to the outer shell 20 and the channel guide 28 .
- the nozzle 34 is located within a hollowed region of the channel guide 28 and includes an orifice 36 that restricts the cross-sectional area of the fluid inlet path 32 and is configured to increase the velocity of the fluid 14 flowing from the expansion valve assembly 12 . Increasing the velocity of the fluid 14 advantageously provides a substantially uniform, homogeneous mixture of the fluid 14 .
- the orifice 36 of the nozzle 34 comprises a venturi path portion 37 to reduce the pressure drop of the fluid 14 passing therethrough.
- the illustrated nozzle 34 is shown in what is referred to herein as a horizontal alignment, however, alternative angles are contemplated.
- a diffuser 38 Disposed downstream of, and adjacent to, the nozzle 34 is a diffuser 38 that may be a portion of the channel guide 28 or a separate component. Regardless, the diffuser 38 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced distribution tubes 40 in fluid communication with the nozzle 34 . In particular, each of the plurality of distribution tubes 40 are configured to receive the fluid 14 upon passing through the orifice 36 of the nozzle 34 , thereby separating the fluid equally into a plurality of fluid routing paths 42 . It is contemplated that the nozzle 34 and the diffuser 38 are integrally formed in one embodiment.
- the plurality of distribution tubes 40 route the fluid 14 to a location proximate a second end 44 of the outer shell 20 and transition the fluid 14 at a transition point 43 to a plurality of channel grooves 46 disposed between the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 and the outer surface 30 of the channel guide 28 .
- the channel grooves 46 may be formed in either, or both, of the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 and the outer surface 30 of the channel guide 28 .
- the channel guide 28 comprises a substantially smooth outer surface.
- the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 comprises a substantially smooth inner surface.
- the smooth surface substantially seals the plurality of channel grooves 46 to provide a continuation of the plurality of fluid routing paths 42 .
- the plurality of channel grooves 46 may include varying lengths and/or hydraulic diameters to equalize pressure drop through the different paths in order to equalize flow, if necessary.
- the outer shell 20 includes a plurality of distribution holes 48 extending radially therethrough from the outer surface 22 to the inner surface 24 of the outer shell 20 .
- the plurality of distribution holes 48 are aligned with desired inlet locations of the heat exchanger 18 .
- each of the plurality of distribution holes 48 are aligned with a corresponding layer 50 ( FIG. 1 ) of the heat exchanger 18 .
- the plurality of distribution holes 48 are coaxially aligned in a single axis, but it is to be appreciated that the plurality of distribution holes 48 may be circumferentially angled from each other.
- each of the plurality of channel grooves 46 lead to a corresponding distribution hole 48 , such that a homogeneous mixture of the fluid 14 is maintained and routed to each layer 50 of the heat exchanger 18 .
- each channel groove 46 leads to a group of distribution holes ( FIG. 6 ). It is to be appreciated that the channel grooves 46 may be configured to route the fluid 14 to the distribution holes 48 in numerous routing paths. For example, a straight or helical path may be taken by the fluid 14 during routing to the distribution holes 48 .
- FIGS. 4 and 5 a heat exchanger distribution assembly 100 according to a second embodiment is illustrated.
- the second embodiment is similar in many respects to the first embodiment described in detail above, such that duplicative description of each component, as well as each component's functionality, is not necessary and similar reference numerals are employed where applicable.
- the nozzle 34 and the diffuser 38 are located externally relative to the channel guide 28 and the hollow portion 26 of the outer shell 20 .
- the nozzle 34 is disposed adjacent to, or at least partially within, the diffuser 38 to route the fluid 14 to the plurality of distribution tubes 40 .
- Sandwiched between the diffuser 38 and the channel guide 28 is an orifice ring 102 that includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes 104 to ensure precision control of flow apportionment from each of the plurality of distribution tubes 40 to account for small differences in frictional losses due to the different lengths of each of the plurality of channel grooves 46 .
- the orifice ring 102 is integrally formed with the channel guide 28 .
- the second embodiment may include channel grooves 46 that route the fluid 14 to more than one distribution hole 48 , as described in detail above in conjunction with the first embodiment.
- the nozzle 34 and/or the diffuser 38 may be oriented substantially vertically and the channel guide 28 may include a bend of numerous angles.
- each of the embodiments described above advantageously increase the velocity of the fluid 14 with the nozzle 34 and route the fluid 14 along individual fluid routing paths 42 to the plurality of distribution holes 48 for provision to the layers 48 of the heat exchanger 18 .
- a method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger 200 is also provided, as illustrated in FIG. 7 and with reference to FIGS. 1-6 .
- the heat exchanger distribution assembly 16 has been previously described and specific structural components need not be described in further detail.
- the method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger 200 includes supplying the fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths 202 .
- the fluid is apportioned through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring 204 .
- the fluid is routed through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between and outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell 206 .
- the fluid is distributed to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves 208 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
A heat exchanger distribution assembly includes a channel guide comprising an outer surface. Also included is an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion. Further included is a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.
Description
- The present invention relates to heat exchanger arrangements, and more particularly to a heat exchanger distribution assembly, as well as a method of distributing fluid to a heat exchanger.
- Distribution of two-phase fluid flow (liquid and gas) inside heat exchangers poses several challenging issues. In heat exchangers, such as mini-channel, micro-channel, plate-fin, and brazed-plate heat exchangers, for example, distribution is particularly difficult due to the requirement that the flow must be distributed among many layers and small ports. To overcome the challenges, these types of heat exchangers may employ a piccolo distributor having a closed-end tube with a series of holes in the side. The assumption behind this approach is that the flow entering the distributor is annular or well-mixed and remains that way through the distributor tube. However, the cavity within the distributor may not be able to avert separation of the two-phase fluid under different operating conditions. The flow may tend to stratify due to deceleration in the distributor and as a result, liquid pools at the end of the tube while vapor leaves through early ports. Therefore, the mass fraction provided to each fin passage is not properly apportioned and may yield poor system performance.
- According to one embodiment, a heat exchanger distribution assembly includes a channel guide comprising an outer surface. Also included is an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion. Further included is a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.
- According to another embodiment, method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger is provided. The method includes supplying a fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths. The method also includes apportioning the fluid through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring. The method further includes routing the fluid through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell. The method yet further includes distributing the fluid to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves.
- The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger arrangement; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger distribution assembly of the heat exchanger arrangement according to a first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to the embodiment ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to a second embodiment; -
FIG. 5 is a disassembled view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to the embodiment ofFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to another aspect of the embodiments; -
FIG. 7 is a disassembled view of the heat exchanger distribution assembly according to another embodiment; and -
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , aheat exchanger arrangement 10 is schematically illustrated. Theheat exchanger arrangement 10 may be used in conjunction with an assembly or system of a vehicle, such as an aircraft, however, it is contemplated that other vehicles or applications may benefit from the embodiments described herein. In certain embodiments, theheat exchanger arrangement 10 is employed in an aircraft air conditioning system or refrigeration unit. Theheat exchanger arrangement 10 includes anexpansion valve assembly 12 configured to reduce pressure from a refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor, thereby resulting in afluid 14 comprising a two-phase flow. Thefluid 14 is supplied to a heatexchanger distribution assembly 16. As shown, the heatexchanger distribution assembly 16 is illustrated in an installed condition with theexpansion valve assembly 12 and aheat exchanger 18, such as an evaporator. It is contemplated that the embodiments of the heatexchanger distribution assembly 16 may be used in conjunction with various types of heat exchangers, such as those having a construction referred to as micro-channel, mini-channel, plate-fin, and brazed plate. - Referring to
FIG. 7 , the heatexchanger distribution assembly 16 according to one embodiment is illustrated. Thedistribution assembly 16 includes anouter shell 20 that includes anouter surface 22 and aninner surface 24, with theinner surface 24 defining ahollow portion 26. Achannel guide 28 is disposed within thehollow portion 26 and includes anouter surface 30. The general geometry of thechannel guide 28 substantially corresponds to theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20. In one embodiment, thehollow portion 26 and thechannel guide 28 are formed in a substantially cylindrical manner, however, cross-sectional geometries having a non-circular geometry are contemplated. - Referring to
FIGS. 2 and 3 , theouter shell 20 is operatively coupled to theheat exchanger 18 and to theexpansion valve assembly 12 proximate afirst end 27 of theouter shell 20. Coupling with theexpansion valve assembly 12 forms afluid inlet path 32 that facilitates fluid communication between theexpansion valve assembly 12 and a homogenized fluid supply arrangement. In one embodiment, the homogenized fluid supply arrangement comprises anozzle 34, but it is to be appreciated that alternative suitable arrangements may be employed to provide a homogenized flow. The illustrated embodiment includes additional components, with respect to theouter shell 20 and thechannel guide 28. Thenozzle 34 is located within a hollowed region of thechannel guide 28 and includes anorifice 36 that restricts the cross-sectional area of thefluid inlet path 32 and is configured to increase the velocity of thefluid 14 flowing from theexpansion valve assembly 12. Increasing the velocity of thefluid 14 advantageously provides a substantially uniform, homogeneous mixture of thefluid 14. In one embodiment, theorifice 36 of thenozzle 34 comprises a venturi path portion 37 to reduce the pressure drop of thefluid 14 passing therethrough. The illustratednozzle 34 is shown in what is referred to herein as a horizontal alignment, however, alternative angles are contemplated. - Disposed downstream of, and adjacent to, the
nozzle 34 is adiffuser 38 that may be a portion of thechannel guide 28 or a separate component. Regardless, thediffuser 38 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaceddistribution tubes 40 in fluid communication with thenozzle 34. In particular, each of the plurality ofdistribution tubes 40 are configured to receive thefluid 14 upon passing through theorifice 36 of thenozzle 34, thereby separating the fluid equally into a plurality of fluid routing paths 42. It is contemplated that thenozzle 34 and thediffuser 38 are integrally formed in one embodiment. - The plurality of
distribution tubes 40 route thefluid 14 to a location proximate asecond end 44 of theouter shell 20 and transition thefluid 14 at atransition point 43 to a plurality ofchannel grooves 46 disposed between theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20 and theouter surface 30 of thechannel guide 28. Thechannel grooves 46 may be formed in either, or both, of theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20 and theouter surface 30 of thechannel guide 28. In an embodiment comprising channel grooves formed in only theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20, thechannel guide 28 comprises a substantially smooth outer surface. Conversely, in an embodiment comprising channel grooves formed in only theouter surface 30 of thechannel guide 28, theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20 comprises a substantially smooth inner surface. In either embodiment, the smooth surface substantially seals the plurality ofchannel grooves 46 to provide a continuation of the plurality of fluid routing paths 42. The plurality ofchannel grooves 46 may include varying lengths and/or hydraulic diameters to equalize pressure drop through the different paths in order to equalize flow, if necessary. - The
outer shell 20 includes a plurality ofdistribution holes 48 extending radially therethrough from theouter surface 22 to theinner surface 24 of theouter shell 20. The plurality ofdistribution holes 48 are aligned with desired inlet locations of theheat exchanger 18. Specifically, each of the plurality ofdistribution holes 48 are aligned with a corresponding layer 50 (FIG. 1 ) of theheat exchanger 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality ofdistribution holes 48 are coaxially aligned in a single axis, but it is to be appreciated that the plurality ofdistribution holes 48 may be circumferentially angled from each other. Each of the plurality ofchannel grooves 46 lead to acorresponding distribution hole 48, such that a homogeneous mixture of thefluid 14 is maintained and routed to eachlayer 50 of theheat exchanger 18. As an alternative to a single channel groove leading to a single distribution hole, eachchannel groove 46 leads to a group of distribution holes (FIG. 6 ). It is to be appreciated that thechannel grooves 46 may be configured to route the fluid 14 to the distribution holes 48 in numerous routing paths. For example, a straight or helical path may be taken by the fluid 14 during routing to the distribution holes 48. - Referring to
FIGS. 4 and 5 , a heat exchanger distribution assembly 100 according to a second embodiment is illustrated. The second embodiment is similar in many respects to the first embodiment described in detail above, such that duplicative description of each component, as well as each component's functionality, is not necessary and similar reference numerals are employed where applicable. - In the second embodiment, the
nozzle 34 and thediffuser 38 are located externally relative to thechannel guide 28 and thehollow portion 26 of theouter shell 20. Specifically, thenozzle 34 is disposed adjacent to, or at least partially within, thediffuser 38 to route the fluid 14 to the plurality ofdistribution tubes 40. Sandwiched between thediffuser 38 and thechannel guide 28 is anorifice ring 102 that includes a plurality of circumferentially spacedholes 104 to ensure precision control of flow apportionment from each of the plurality ofdistribution tubes 40 to account for small differences in frictional losses due to the different lengths of each of the plurality ofchannel grooves 46. In one embodiment, theorifice ring 102 is integrally formed with thechannel guide 28. - The second embodiment may include
channel grooves 46 that route the fluid 14 to more than onedistribution hole 48, as described in detail above in conjunction with the first embodiment. In any of the embodiments described above, thenozzle 34 and/or thediffuser 38 may be oriented substantially vertically and thechannel guide 28 may include a bend of numerous angles. - In operation, each of the embodiments described above advantageously increase the velocity of the fluid 14 with the
nozzle 34 and route the fluid 14 along individual fluid routing paths 42 to the plurality of distribution holes 48 for provision to thelayers 48 of theheat exchanger 18. - A method of distributing fluid to layers of a
heat exchanger 200 is also provided, as illustrated inFIG. 7 and with reference toFIGS. 1-6 . The heatexchanger distribution assembly 16 has been previously described and specific structural components need not be described in further detail. The method of distributing fluid to layers of aheat exchanger 200 includes supplying the fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality offluid routing paths 202. The fluid is apportioned through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of anorifice ring 204. The fluid is routed through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between and outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of anouter shell 206. The fluid is distributed to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality ofchannel grooves 208. - While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A heat exchanger distribution assembly comprising:
a channel guide comprising an outer surface;
an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion; and
a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.
2. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a nozzle configured to provide a homogenized fluid to a diffuser having a plurality of distribution tubes, wherein the plurality of distribution tubes are configured to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths.
3. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , further comprising an orifice ring having a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes aligned with the plurality of distribution tubes.
4. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 3 , wherein the orifice ring is integrally formed with the channel guide.
5. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the nozzle is integrally formed with the diffuser.
6. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channel grooves are formed within the outer surface of the channel guide.
7. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channel grooves are formed within the inner surface of the outer shell.
8. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of fluid routing paths of the diffuser route the fluid to the plurality of channel grooves at a transition point proximate an end of the channel guide.
9. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of channel grooves route the fluid to a single corresponding distribution hole.
10. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of channel grooves route the fluid to more than one distribution hole.
11. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of distribution holes is circumferentially spaced from another distribution hole.
12. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein the channel guide comprises a substantially cylindrical geometry.
13. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the nozzle comprises a venturi path portion.
14. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the nozzle and the diffuser are oriented substantially vertically.
15. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 1 , wherein the channel guide comprises an elbow bend portion.
16. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the diffuser is located external to the outer shell.
17. The heat exchanger distribution assembly of claim 2 , wherein the diffuser is located at an internal location of the outer shell.
18. A method of distributing fluid to layers of a heat exchanger comprising:
supplying a fluid to a plurality of distribution tubes of a diffuser to separate the fluid into a plurality of fluid routing paths;
apportioning the fluid through a plurality of circumferentially spaced holes of an orifice ring;
routing the fluid through a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an outer surface of a channel guide and an inner surface of an outer shell; and
distributing the fluid to a plurality of layers of the heat exchanger through a plurality of distribution holes aligned with the plurality of channel grooves.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of channel grooves route the fluid to a single, corresponding distribution hole.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the diffuser is located at an internal location of the outer shell, the method further comprising transitioning the fluid from the plurality of fluid routing paths to the plurality of channel grooves at a location proximate an end of the channel guide.
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US13/901,031 US20140345837A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method |
EP14169425.7A EP2806244B1 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2014-05-22 | Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method |
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US13/901,031 US20140345837A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method |
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US13/901,031 Abandoned US20140345837A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 | 2013-05-23 | Heat exchanger distribution assembly and method |
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Cited By (9)
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US20160273847A1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger distributor swirl vane |
US20170227303A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-10 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Channel guide distributor |
US20170328653A1 (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-11-16 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Flow distributor for two-phase flow |
US10088250B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2018-10-02 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
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US11293703B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2022-04-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
CN114887556A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-12 | 东南大学 | Taylor flow two-phase reactor |
US11802736B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Annular heat exchanger |
US11976677B2 (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-07 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integrally formed flow distributor for fluid manifold |
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US20160025420A1 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2016-01-28 | Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. | Flow distributor for heat transfer plate |
US20180156544A1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2018-06-07 | Carrier Corporation | Two phase distributor evaporator |
CN109539826B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-04-28 | 山东大学 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with variable fin height |
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Cited By (15)
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US20160273847A1 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger distributor swirl vane |
US10921071B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2021-02-16 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
US11692780B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2023-07-04 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
US11293703B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2022-04-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
US10088250B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2018-10-02 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchangers |
US9909822B2 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2018-03-06 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Channel guide distributor |
US20170227303A1 (en) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-10 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Channel guide distributor |
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US11802736B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Annular heat exchanger |
US11976677B2 (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-07 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integrally formed flow distributor for fluid manifold |
CN114887556A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-12 | 东南大学 | Taylor flow two-phase reactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2806244B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
EP2806244A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ALAHYARI, ABBAS A.;RADCLIFF, THOMAS D.;RUSICH, RICHARD D.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20130521 TO 20130522;REEL/FRAME:030476/0027 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |