US20140305706A1 - Drilling tool for laying a tube in the ground - Google Patents
Drilling tool for laying a tube in the ground Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140305706A1 US20140305706A1 US14/236,554 US201214236554A US2014305706A1 US 20140305706 A1 US20140305706 A1 US 20140305706A1 US 201214236554 A US201214236554 A US 201214236554A US 2014305706 A1 US2014305706 A1 US 2014305706A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- drilling tool
- elongated element
- tool according
- drilling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
- E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
- E21B7/205—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes without earth removal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
- E21B7/30—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring without earth removal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
- H02G1/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
- H02G1/08—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle through tubing or conduit, e.g. rod or draw wire for pushing or pulling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drilling tool able to drill a passage around a cable or any other buried longilinear element, being guided by said cable or buried longilinear element, said tool pulling a tube behind it.
- recuperation method would consist in digging a trench over the cable to be removed. This method, expensive in itself due to civil engineering costs is highly inappropriate for work in urban areas or when the buried cable is laid next to other cables or pipes or when it crosses a pavement or a railway track.
- Patent No. FR 2.851.317 describes a system whereby a hoist pulls on the cable to be replaced, the end of which is connected to the new cable which is thus pulled in replacement of the old cable. Such a device requires a high power hoist the method being difficult to apply when the diameter of the replacement cable is more important than that of the cable to replace.
- Patent No. FR 2.492.178 describes a tool able to move along a buried cable being activated by hydraulic means, said tool providing a space around the buried cable such as to be able to remove it easily later. A new cable may then be laid in the fitted space.
- Document FR 2.523.170 describes an impact head able to pull a new cable.
- the invention proposes a drilling tool for laying a tube around a buried elongated element, comprising a drilling head guided by the buried element, moving under the action of a pressurized fluid, from a first free end of the buried element towards a second end of the buried element, and pulling the tube, characterized in that the drilling tool comprises pressurization means attached to the first end of the buried element, able to slide into the tube pulled by the drilling head and able to create a pushing force on the drilling head by the pressurization with said pressurized fluid of a pressure chamber arranged between the drilling head and the pressurization means.
- Alternative embodiments are described in the dependent claims.
- the invention improves the laying of the tube around the elongated element by the creation of an additional pushing force with the pressurization of the pressure chamber.
- the drilling head is directly fed with pressurized fluid by the pressure chamber.
- the present invention provides an economic tool, as the drilling head is directly fed with pressurized fluid by the pressure chamber: there are no feeding pipes which follow the drilling head during the widening of the ground around the buried cable or duct. The efficiency of the tool is also increased as there is no friction of such feeding pipes between the installed tube and the buried element.
- FIG. 1 represents a general schematic view of an operation of laying a buried tube using a drilling tool according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a partial cross-section view of a drilling head which is part of the drilling tool according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a front view of a cap fixed to an end of the cable to remove and part of the drilling tool according to the invention
- FIG. 4 is a cross section view of the cap of the previous fig.
- FIG. 5 represents a front view of a safety disk
- FIG. 6 is a lateral view of the disk of the previous figure.
- FIG. 1 shows a cable 1 to remove, buried in an embankment 10 , surrounded by two excavations 11 and 12 wherein the two ends 13 and 14 of the cable 1 open into.
- a drilling head 2 has been introduced around the end 14 , the rear side 20 of the head 2 being firmly connected to a tube 3 which thus, advances in the advancing movement of the head 2 .
- An external drive 30 for example a caterpillar pushing drive may be provided to facilitate the advance of the tube 3 .
- the drilling head 2 is completed with a cap 4 fixed to the rear end 14 of the cable 1 .
- a pressurized air inlet piping 40 based on a compressor 41 is connected to the cap 4 in order to put under pressure a pressure chamber 42 arranged within the tube 3 , between the cap 4 and the rear side of the tool 2 .
- the device may be completed with a fixing disk 6 firmly fixed near to the end 13 of the cable 1 and able to press against a wall 110 of the excavation 11 in order to prevent any removal movement of the cable 1 .
- the pressure chamber 42 When the pressure chamber 42 is supplied with pressurized air by the piping 40 and through the cap 4 , the latter being sealed, the air pressure rapidly increases within the chamber 42 .
- the latter may be separated into two chambers 420 and 421 by a safety disk 5 , not entirely sealed, the pressure in the two chambers 420 and 421 being equal in normal operating regime.
- This pushing force being equal to the pressure in the chamber 421 multiplied by the section of the crown whereof the external diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the tube 3 whereas its internal diameter corresponds to the external diameter of the cable 1 .
- This continuous pushing force may reach values of several hundreds of daN, facilitating the progression of the drilling head 2 along the cable 1 .
- the drilling head 2 represented on FIG. 2 is substantially constituted of an impact head of known technique. It comprises two bodies 21 and 22 sliding onto each other by a few millimeters.
- the rear side 20 of the drilling head 2 respectively from the body 22 comprises one or several apertures of nozzles 200 conducting the pressurized air, coming from the chamber 421 , towards a cutterhead chamber 201 provided between the bodies 21 and 22 and containing an oscillating mass 202 .
- This chamber 201 air inlet and outlet pipes are fitted in a known manner in such a way that under the air pressure, the oscillating mass 202 starts oscillating and regularly comes to hit a rear side 210 of the body 21 of the drilling head 2 , in order to make the tool 2 advance in a pulsating manner, according to a known technique of the percussion hammers.
- a spring means 204 is arranged in the rear portion of the cutterhead chamber 201 , such as to receive and damp the shock at the rear of the oscillating mass 202 .
- a filter, represented in 203 prevents dust or debris from penetrating into the piping 200 and blocking the cutterhead chamber 201 .
- This fixing portion comprises a notching or any other means making it possible to ensure a firm hold of the tube 3 .
- a pipe clamp 221 comes to tightly encircle the end of the tube 3 by the outside in order to ensure its hold against the fixing portion 220 .
- a seal, for example an O-ring seal 222 comes to ensure the tightness between the tube 3 and the body 22 , thus creating the pressurizing chamber 421 , thus enabling a continuous additional push such as described previously coming to be added to the penetration force by percussion described above.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are two representations of the previously mentioned cap 4 .
- the cap 4 is in its normal operating state, the pressurized air inlet piping 40 being connected to a piping fixing represented in 400 .
- a pipe 401 arranged coaxially to the cap 4 and crossing it on either side opens onto apertures 402 supplying the chamber 42 , respectively 420 , with pressurized air.
- a fastener 43 connects a cylindrical portion 430 of the cap 4 to an attaching means 15 fixed to the end of the cable 1 .
- a sealing means 44 for example an O-ring seal, ensures tightness between the chamber 420 and the rear portion of the tube 3 .
- This sealing means 44 is a means allowing for the sliding of the tube 3 around the cap 4 during the pulling of the tube 3 by the drilling head 2 .
- the pressurized air in the chamber represents a very high power.
- the attachment means 43 , 15 break between the cable 1 and the cap 4 , the latter would thus be hurled along the rear end of the tube 3 such a cannonball.
- the staff at work in the excavation 12 may thus be subjected to severe harm.
- the air pressure in the chamber 42 may thus push to the right of the fig., via apertures 431 , a tapered cone crown 432 fixed to said cylindrical portion 430 .
- two brake linings 433 able to be moved radially, are pushed outwards by their tapered contact surfaces and come to brake then block the cap 4 against the internal surface of the tube 3 .
- the pressurized air supply apertures 402 of the chamber 42 close up by sliding the tubular portion 430 , thus cutting the pressurized air supply of this chamber.
- the cap 4 thus substantially serves to create the pressure chamber 42 , this cap 4 being provided with safety means described to prevent any accidents if its attachment means happen to break.
- This means is constituted of a safety disk, represented in 5 on FIG. 1 .
- the safety disk 5 is constituted of two semi-tubular portions 50 and 51 , tightly encircling a portion close to the rear end of the cable 1 and fixed together with screws 52 .
- this disk 5 separates the pressure chamber 42 into two portions 420 and 421 . These portions are not sealingly separated, there are links between these portions on the border of the disk 442 as well as between the two semi-tubular portions 423 .
- the air pressure may easily pass from the chamber 420 to the chamber 421 by links 422 and 423 , whereas in the case of sudden depression in the chamber 420 , the air of the chamber 421 will only escape more slowly.
- the device may be completed with a fixing disk represented in 6 on FIG. 1 .
- It is a disk of external diameter clearly larger than that of cable 1 and fixed firmly on it at its end 13 opening into the excavation 11 .
- the fixing disk 6 thus abuts against the wall 110 , preventing the movement of the cable 1 into the ground.
- the tool has been described to operate with pressurized air, an equivalent tool may also operate with a liquid, for example pressurized water, the skilled person being able to adapt the described elements to such functioning.
- the tool according to the invention has been described as adaptable to the retraction of a cable 1 ; it is obvious that it may easily adapt itself to the retraction of a piping or any other longilinear or elongated element of circular section.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH12892011 | 2011-08-02 | ||
CH01289/11 | 2011-08-02 | ||
PCT/EP2012/064869 WO2013017560A2 (fr) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-07-30 | Outil de forage permettant de disposer un tuyau dans le sol |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140305706A1 true US20140305706A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
Family
ID=46640660
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/236,554 Abandoned US20140305706A1 (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-07-30 | Drilling tool for laying a tube in the ground |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140305706A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2739810A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103717823A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2839804A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013017560A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018104547A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Beermann Bohrtechnik Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de pose sans tranchée d'un câble ou d'un tuyau dans un sol |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111101851B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-08-06 | 国网江苏省电力工程咨询有限公司 | 一种能够进行深度调节的城建电缆铺设用打洞装置 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4403667A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-09-13 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Cable following apparatus utilizing a releasable cable gripping mechanism |
US4519462A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1985-05-28 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Cable following apparatus having cable cleaning capabilities and method |
US5096000A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1992-03-17 | Paul Schmidt | Process and apparatus for laying service lines without excavation |
US5639183A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-06-17 | Koninklijke Ptt Nederland N.V. | Installing cable-ducts |
US6244783B1 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2001-06-12 | Tracto-Technik-Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen | Widening apparatus |
US20030198518A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-23 | Koninklijke Kpn N.V. | Method and apparatus for installing a duct around a longitunal member present at the stretch of installation |
US20040037649A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2004-02-26 | Van Bijsterveld Cornelis Casparus | Method installing a duct, device for carrying out said method, and a tape-shape element for use with said method |
US20050034899A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-02-17 | Lyon Leland H. | Fluid distributor device for down-hole-drills |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH652246A5 (de) | 1980-10-10 | 1985-10-31 | Cerberus Ag | Ueberspannungsableiter. |
FR2523170A1 (fr) | 1982-03-09 | 1983-09-16 | Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O | Dispositif pour le percement de trous dans le sol |
GB2137719B (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1987-01-28 | Daly Limited P N | Pipe replacement |
FI941154A0 (fi) * | 1994-02-21 | 1994-03-11 | Valto Ilomaeki | Anordning foer uppborrning av en tunnel |
US5628585A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-05-13 | Tti Trenchless Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removal of utility line and replacement with polyolefin pipe |
DE19859928C1 (de) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-08-31 | Ludwig Pfeiffer Hoch Und Tiefb | Verfahren und Schutzrohr zum Erneuern einer im Erdreich verlegten Rohrleitung |
DE19948649C1 (de) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-05-17 | Berliner Wasserbetriebe | Verfahren zur grabenlosen Auswechselung erdverlegter Rohrleitungen |
DE10054659B4 (de) * | 2000-11-03 | 2011-04-28 | Tracto-Technik Gmbh | Einrichtung zum richtungsgesteuerten Vortrieb von Rohren |
ATE358253T1 (de) * | 2001-01-30 | 2007-04-15 | Stadtwerke Schwerte Gmbh | Rohrbündel und verfahren zur parallelverlegung von rohren nach dem bohr-spülverfahren |
WO2003060282A2 (fr) * | 2002-01-14 | 2003-07-24 | Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. | Dispositif et procede pour le remplacement de canalisation souterraine |
FR2847645B1 (fr) * | 2002-11-21 | 2008-07-04 | Installation et procede pour remplacer sans tranchee un tuyau de plomb d'une canalisation d'eau enfouis dans le sol, par un tuyau en plastique | |
FR2851317B1 (fr) | 2003-02-14 | 2005-06-03 | Joseph Daumer | Dispositif de traction d'un appareil d'installation d'une conduite de remplacement |
ES2251874B1 (es) * | 2004-10-21 | 2007-03-16 | Catalana De Perforacions, S.A. | Procedimiento de instalacion de drenes horizontales para la captacion de agua marina. |
CN201818240U (zh) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-04 | 北京澳尔金石油技术开发有限公司 | 下套管循环工具 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-30 WO PCT/EP2012/064869 patent/WO2013017560A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-07-30 CA CA2839804A patent/CA2839804A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2012-07-30 EP EP12745663.0A patent/EP2739810A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-07-30 CN CN201280036517.5A patent/CN103717823A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-30 US US14/236,554 patent/US20140305706A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4403667A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-09-13 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Cable following apparatus utilizing a releasable cable gripping mechanism |
US4519462A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1985-05-28 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Cable following apparatus having cable cleaning capabilities and method |
US5096000A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1992-03-17 | Paul Schmidt | Process and apparatus for laying service lines without excavation |
US5639183A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-06-17 | Koninklijke Ptt Nederland N.V. | Installing cable-ducts |
US6244783B1 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2001-06-12 | Tracto-Technik-Paul Schmidt Spezialmaschinen | Widening apparatus |
US20040037649A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2004-02-26 | Van Bijsterveld Cornelis Casparus | Method installing a duct, device for carrying out said method, and a tape-shape element for use with said method |
US7018136B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2006-03-28 | Koninklijke Kpn N.V. | Method installing a duct, device for carrying out said method, and a tape-shape element for use with said method |
US20050034899A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-02-17 | Lyon Leland H. | Fluid distributor device for down-hole-drills |
US20030198518A1 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-23 | Koninklijke Kpn N.V. | Method and apparatus for installing a duct around a longitunal member present at the stretch of installation |
US6824329B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2004-11-30 | Koninklijke Kpn N.V. | Method and apparatus for installing a duct around a longitunal member present at the stretch of installation |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018104547A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | Beermann Bohrtechnik Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de pose sans tranchée d'un câble ou d'un tuyau dans un sol |
EP3431702A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-01-23 | Beermann Bohrtechnik GmbH | Procédé et dispositif de pose sans tranchée d'un câble ou d'un tuyau dans un sol |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013017560A2 (fr) | 2013-02-07 |
EP2739810A2 (fr) | 2014-06-11 |
WO2013017560A3 (fr) | 2013-11-14 |
CN103717823A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
CA2839804A1 (fr) | 2013-02-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EHTP ENTREPRISE HYDRAULIQUE ET TRAVAUX PUBLICS, FR Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACINSKI, ANDRZEJ;REEL/FRAME:032776/0566 Effective date: 20140326 Owner name: PLUMETTAZ HOLDING SA, SWITZERLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACINSKI, ANDRZEJ;REEL/FRAME:032776/0566 Effective date: 20140326 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |