US20140069141A1 - Compressing system, and gas compressing method - Google Patents

Compressing system, and gas compressing method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140069141A1
US20140069141A1 US13/982,780 US201213982780A US2014069141A1 US 20140069141 A1 US20140069141 A1 US 20140069141A1 US 201213982780 A US201213982780 A US 201213982780A US 2014069141 A1 US2014069141 A1 US 2014069141A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
section
cooling
intermediate supercritical
supercritical fluid
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US13/982,780
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English (en)
Inventor
Naoto Yonemura
Hiroyuki Miyata
Hideki Nagao
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corp
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corp
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Assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES COMPRESSOR CORPORATION reassignment MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES COMPRESSOR CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIYATA, HIROYUKI, NAGAO, HIDEKI, YONEMURA, NAOTO
Publication of US20140069141A1 publication Critical patent/US20140069141A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0266—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/80—Quasi-closed internal or closed external carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compressing system and a gas compressing method.
  • Compressing systems are apparatuses that compress a target gas to a target pressure.
  • carbon dioxide of target temperature and pressure that is optimal for transportation and storage is obtained by compressing carbon dioxide sequentially by compressors configured in multiple stages, and cooling carbon dioxide brought into the state of supercritical pressure and temperature or higher by an after-cooler.
  • PTL 1 discloses a compressing system (a carbon dioxide liquefier) that does not use the above after cooler.
  • a compressor is provided on a front-stage side
  • a pump is provided on a rear-stage side
  • carbon dioxide is sequentially compressed. Additionally, when carbon dioxide is introduced from the compressor to the pump, the efficiency of liquefaction of carbon dioxide is increased using the refrigeration of carbon dioxide that is compressed by the pump and brought into a liquid state of supercritical pressure.
  • the after-cooler becomes unnecessary by combining the compressor and the pump, and power can be reduced consequently.
  • the gas carbon dioxide
  • the gas is compressed only to a pressure that is lower than a critical pressure by the compressor, is cooled, liquefied, and introduced into the pump.
  • the amount of refrigeration required for liquefaction becomes greatly enlarged, temperature becomes low, and therefore great power is required for an external refrigerating cycle. For this reason, there is room for improvement in the operation efficiency as a whole.
  • the invention provides a compressing system and a gas compressing method that further reduces power and improves operation efficiency.
  • a compressing system is a compressing system that compresses a target gas to a pressure that is equal to or higher than a target pressure higher than a critical pressure.
  • the compressing system includes a compression section that compresses the target gas to an intermediate pressure, which is equal to or higher than the critical pressure and is lower than the target pressure to generate an intermediate supercritical fluid; a cooling section that cools the intermediate supercritical fluid generated in the compression section to near a critical temperature to generate an intermediate supercritical pressure liquid; a pumping section that compresses the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid generated in the cooling section to a pressure that is equal to or higher than the target pressure; and a heating section that heats the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid compressed in the pumping section to near the critical temperature.
  • the cooling section has a main cooling part that performs heat exchange with the heating section to cool the intermediate supercritical fluid.
  • a liquid at a pressure that is equal to or higher than the target pressure is obtained by performing compression on a front-stage side in the compression section, and performing compression by the pumping of the intermediate supercritical fluid on a rear-stage side where pressure is higher than the front-stage side in the pumping section. Thereafter, the supercritical fluid of the target pressure and temperature can be obtained by finally heating the intermediate supercritical fluid to the critical temperature or higher by the heating section. That is, in a case where pressurization is performed, for example, by a compressor even on the rear-stage side where pressure is higher than the front-stage side, a number of high-pressure gas seals or a number of compressor casings for high pressure are required.
  • these high-pressure countermeasures become unnecessary by adopting the pumping section on the rear-stage side, cost reduction and reliability improvement are possible, the after-cooler that cools the supercritical fluid after pressurization is also unnecessary, and power reduction is possible.
  • the cooling section cools the intermediate supercritical fluid brought into the state of a pressure that is equal to or higher than the critical pressure by the compression section to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid, it is possible to liquefy the intermediate supercritical fluid while keeping the amount of heat required for cooling markedly low as compared to a case where cooling is performed in the state of being lower than the critical pressure.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid compressed in the compression section can be cooled by the main cooling part in the cooling section to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid and introduce the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid into the pumping section. Additionally, the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid can be more efficiently heated to the critical temperature or higher to obtain the supercritical fluid of the target pressure and temperature by performing heat exchange with the heating section using heat recovered during the cooling of the intermediate supercritical fluid.
  • a compressing system may further includes an extracting and decompression section that is provided between the cooling section and the pumping section in the first aspect to extract the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid to reduce pressure to near the critical pressure to generate a low-temperature liquid, and the main cooling part may perform heat exchange with the low-temperature liquid generated in the extracting and decompression section to cool the intermediate supercritical fluid.
  • the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid introduced into the pumping section can be reliably generated without separately installing a condenser required to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid from the intermediate supercritical fluid.
  • a compressing system is a compressing system that compresses a target gas to a pressure that is equal to or higher than a target pressure higher than a critical pressure.
  • the compressing system includes a compression section that compresses the target gas to an intermediate pressure, which is equal to or higher than the critical pressure and is lower than the target pressure to generate an intermediate supercritical fluid; a cooling section that cools the intermediate supercritical fluid generated in the compression section to near a critical temperature to generate an intermediate supercritical pressure liquid; a pumping section that compresses the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid generated in the cooling section to a pressure that is equal to or higher than the target pressure; and an extracting and decompression section that is provided between the cooling section and the pumping section to extract the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid to reduce pressure to near the critical pressure to generate a low-temperature liquid.
  • the cooling section has a main cooling part that performs heat exchange with the low-temperature liquid generated in the extracting and decompression section to cool the intermediate supercritical fluid.
  • the after-cooler that cools the supercritical fluid after pressurization is also unnecessary, and power reduction is possible.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid can be liquefied in the cooling section while keeping the amount of heat required for cooling markedly low as compared to a case where cooling is performed in the state of being lower than the critical pressure.
  • the refrigeration of the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid itself introduced into the pumping section can be used in the main cooling part in the cooling section, and the intermediate supercritical fluid compressed in the compression section can be cooled without separately installing a condenser to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid and the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid can be introduced into the pumping section.
  • a gas or supercritical fluid which is heated, evaporated, and generated when heat exchange with the low-temperature liquid generated in the extracting and decompression section in the second or third aspect is performed in the main cooling part, may be returned to an equivalent pressure part in the compression section.
  • the low-temperature liquid which is extracted and generated in the extracting and decompression section, is not discharged to the outside, and a gas or supercritical fluid generated from the low-temperature liquid can be returned to the equivalent pressure part of the compressor equivalent to the pressure of the gas or supercritical fluid. Therefore, the efficiency of the overall compressing system can be further improved.
  • the cooling section in the first to fourth aspects may have a pre-cooling part that performs heat exchange with a cooling medium to cool the intermediate supercritical fluid to send the intermediate supercritical fluid to the main cooling part.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid can be pre-cooled by such a pre-cooling part, the amount of refrigeration required by the main cooling part can be reduced.
  • a gas compressing method for gas according to a sixth aspect of the invention is a gas compressing method for a target gas to a pressure that is equal to or higher than a target pressure higher than a critical pressure.
  • the gas compressing method includes a compression step of compressing the target gas to an intermediate pressure, which is equal to or higher than the critical pressure and is lower than the target pressure to generate an intermediate supercritical fluid; a cooling step of cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid generated in the compression step to near a critical temperature to generate an intermediate supercritical pressure liquid; and a pumping step of compressing the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid generated in the cooling step to a pressure that is equal to or higher than the target pressure.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid is cooled in the cooling step, using as a cooling medium at least one of the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid compressed in the pumping step, a low-temperature liquid generated by extracting the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid before the start of the pumping step and by reducing pressure to near the critical pressure, and an external cooling medium.
  • the pumping step is provided after the compression step.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid brought into the state of a pressure that is equal to or higher than the critical pressure is cooled in the cooling step to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid, it is possible to liquefy the intermediate supercritical fluid while keeping the amount of heat required for cooling markedly low as compared to a case where cooling is performed in the state of being lower than the critical pressure.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid can be efficiently cooled by the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid, the low-temperature liquid, the external cooling medium, or the like.
  • the compressing system and gas compressing method of the invention by combining the compression section and the pumping section and cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid in the state of a pressure that is equal to or higher than the critical pressure in the cooling section, power is further reduced, thereby operation efficiency is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a P-h diagram illustrating the state of carbon dioxide regarding the compressing system according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a first modified example of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a P-h diagram illustrating the state of carbon dioxide regarding the compressing system according to the first modified example of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a second modified example of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a third modified example of the first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a system diagram illustrating the outline of a compressing system according to a modified example of the second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a P-h diagram illustrating the state of carbon dioxide regarding the compressing system according to the modified example of the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the compressing system 1 is a geared compressor into which a pump that compresses a gas of carbon dioxide F as a target gas to predetermined pressure and temperature so as to be capable of being stored in the ground on land or in the ground on the sea bottom is assembled.
  • the geared compressor is a compressor of a multi-axis and multi-stage configuration in which a plurality of impellers are interlocked via gears.
  • the compressing system 1 includes a compression section 2 that takes in and compresses the carbon dioxide F that is a target gas, a pumping section 3 that is provided on a rear-stage side of the compression section 2 and compresses the carbon dioxide F, and a cooling section 4 that is provided between the compression section 2 and the pumping section 3 .
  • the compressing system 1 includes a heating section 5 that heats the carbon dioxide F that is compressed in the pumping section 3 , an extracting and decompression section 6 that is provided between the cooling section 4 and the pumping section 3 and extracts the carbon dioxide F, and a bypass channel 7 that returns the carbon dioxide F from the extracting and decompression section 6 to the compression section 2 .
  • the compression section 2 has a plurality of impellers 10 that are provided in multiple stages (six stages in the present embodiment), and a plurality of intercoolers 20 each of which is provided between the impellers 10 or between the compression section 2 and the cooling section 4 .
  • the compression section 2 compresses the taken-in carbon dioxide F to a pressure state of an intermediate pressure that is equal to or higher than a critical pressure and is lower than a target pressure while repeating compression and cooling of carbon dioxide as an introduction gas F 0 , and generates an intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 .
  • the critical pressure of the carbon dioxide F is 7.4 [MPa].
  • the target pressure is set to a value higher than the critical pressure, for example, 15 [MPa].
  • the intermediate pressure of the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 generated in the compression section 2 is set to, for example, 10 [MPa].
  • the compression section 2 is constituted of a first-stage compression impeller 11 , a first intercooler 21 , a second-stage compression impeller 12 , a second intercooler 22 , a third-stage compression impeller 13 , a third intercooler 23 , a fourth-stage compression impeller 14 , a fourth intercooler 24 , a fifth-stage compression impeller 15 , a fifth intercooler 25 , a sixth-stage compression impeller 16 , and a sixth intercooler 26 , which are provided in order from the upstream side toward the downstream side where the carbon dioxide F is taken in and flows, and these impellers and intercoolers are mutually connected by conduits 8 a , 8 b , 8 c , 8 d , 8 e , 8 f , 8 g , 8 h , 8 i , 8 j , 8 k , 8 l , 8 m , and 8 n.
  • the cooling section 4 is connected to the downstream side of the sixth intercooler 26 by the conduit 8 l , cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 generated from the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 that is a final stage of the compression section 2 to near a critical temperature to liquefy the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 , and generates an intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 .
  • the cooling section 4 has a pre-cooling part 29 that pre-cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 generated in the compression section 2 and a main cooling part 28 that further cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 cooled in the pre-cooling part 29 to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 .
  • the pre-cooling part 29 is a heat exchanger that pre-cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 by an external cooling medium W.
  • the main cooling part 28 introduces a low-temperature liquid F 5 from the extracting and decompression section 6 to be described below, and cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 using this low-temperature liquid F 5 as a refrigerant.
  • heating in the heating section 5 is performed by the heat obtained by cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 in the main cooling part 28 , and the main cooling part 28 and the heating section 5 constitutes one heat exchanger.
  • the cooling capacity of the pre-cooling part 29 varies depending on the temperature, flow rate, or the like of the external cooling medium W taken in from the outside in the pre-cooling part 29
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 generated in the compression section 2 is cooled to a region of transition to a liquid only by the sixth intercooler 26 without using the pre-cooling part 29 , and then is liquefied by the main cooling part 28 to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 .
  • the fluid when the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is cooled to near the critical temperature in the cooling section 4 , the fluid is preferably cooled to a temperature that is ⁇ 20 [° C.] from the critical temperature, more preferably cooled to a temperature that is ⁇ 15 [° C.] from the critical temperature, and most preferably to a temperature that is ⁇ 10 [° C.] from the critical temperature.
  • the pumping section 3 is connected to the downstream side of the cooling section 4 by the conduit 8 m , introduces the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 generated by passing through the cooling section 4 to raise the pressure of the liquid to a pressure state of the target pressure to generate a target pressure liquid F 3 .
  • the pumping section 3 has a two-stage configuration including a first-stage pump impeller 31 and a second-stage pump impeller 32 .
  • the heating section 5 is provided so as to be connected to the downstream side of the pumping section 3 by the conduit 8 n , introduces the target pressure liquid F 3 from the pumping section 3 to generate a target supercritical fluid F 4 with a critical temperature (31.1 [° C.]) or higher. As described above, the heating section 5 constitutes the heat exchanger together with the main cooling part 28 of the cooling section 4 .
  • the target pressure liquid F 3 is heated by condensation heat, which is obtained by cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 in the main cooling part 28 , by performing heat exchange between the heating section 5 and the main cooling part 28 .
  • the extracting and decompression section 6 is provided between the main cooling part 28 and the pumping section 3 , and cools the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 in the main cooling part 28 by the low-temperature liquid F 5 obtained by extracting a portion of the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 from the main cooling part 28 , and the low-temperature liquid F 5 is heated.
  • the extracting and decompression section 6 has a branch conduit 41 that has one end connected to the conduit 8 m so as to branch from the conduit 8 m between the main cooling part 28 and the pumping section 3 , a heat exchange part 42 that has the other end of the branch conduit 41 connected thereto and performs heat exchange with the main cooling part 28 , and a valve 43 that is provided at a halfway position of the branch conduit 41 .
  • the valve 43 performs pressure reduction on the extracted intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 by the Joule-Thomson effect by adjusting the opening degree thereof to generate the low-temperature liquid F 5 .
  • this pressure reduction is performed to near the critical pressure, the pressure is preferably reduced to a pressure that is ⁇ 2 [MPa] from the critical pressure, the pressure is more preferably reduced to a pressure that is ⁇ 1.5 [MPa] from the critical pressure, and the pressure is most preferably reduced to a pressure that is ⁇ 1 [MPa] from the critical pressure.
  • the bypass channel 7 returns the low-temperature liquid F 5 from the extracting and decompression section 6 to the upstream side of the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 of the compression section 2 . That is, the bypass channel 7 has one end connected to the heat exchange part 42 of the extracting and decompression section 6 and has the other end connected to the conduit 8 j between the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 and the fifth intercooler 25 .
  • the introduction gas F 0 (state S 1 a ) introduced into the first-stage compression impeller 11 is compressed by the first-stage compression impeller 11 , and becomes a state S 1 b of higher pressure and higher temperature than the state S 1 a . Thereafter, the gas is isobarically cooled by the first intercooler 21 and the state thereof becomes a state S 2 a .
  • state changes of state S 2 b ⁇ state S 3 a ⁇ state S 3 b ⁇ state S 4 a ⁇ state S 4 b ⁇ state S 5 a ⁇ state S 5 b ⁇ state S 6 a ⁇ state S 6 b ⁇ state S 7 a ⁇ state S 7 b are made, and the state of the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 at a pressure higher than the critical pressure is given (compression process).
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 that is brought into the state S 7 b is introduced into the pre-cooling part 29 .
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 can be further cooled in the isobaric state in the pre-cooling part 29 , and the temperature thereof can be lowered (cooling process), the pre-cooling part 29 is not used in the present example.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is isobarically cooled at the supercritical pressure by the main cooling part 28 , and is brought into a state S 8 a of the critical temperature or lower, and the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is phase-changed to the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 , and is introduced into the pumping section 3 (cooling process).
  • the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 of the state S 8 a is compressed to a target pressure where storage in the ground on land or in the ground on the sea bottom is allowed, and is raised in temperature, and the liquid becomes the target pressure liquid F 3 in a state S 8 b (pumping process). Thereafter, by heating the target pressure liquid F 3 by the heating section 5 , the target pressure liquid F 3 is isobarically raised in temperature to the critical temperature or higher, and is brought into a final state S 9 where the carbon dioxide F is allowed to be stored in the ground on land or in the ground on the sea bottom.
  • a portion of the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 that is brought into the state S 8 a in the main cooling part 28 is extracted by opening the valve 43 of the extracting and decompression section 6 .
  • the extracted intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 is reduced in pressure, and becomes the low-temperature liquid F 5 in a state S 10 .
  • the pressure in the state S 10 becomes a pressure that is equivalent to a pressure on the upstream side of the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 and on the downstream side of the fifth intercooler 25 .
  • the low-temperature liquid F 5 is heated by heat exchange with the cooling sections 4 , is evaporated with an isobaric state being maintained, and becomes a gas or supercritical fluid of the state S 6 a on the upstream side of the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 .
  • This gas or supercritical fluid is returned to the upstream side of the sixth-stage compression impeller 16 by the bypass channel 7 , and is mixed into the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 that flows through the compression section 2 .
  • a compressing system 1 first, compression of the carbon dioxide F in a front stage is performed in the compression section 2 , compressing in a rear stage where the carbon dioxide F has a higher pressure than the front stage is performed in the pumping section 3 , thereby generating the target pressure liquid F 3 . Thereafter, the target pressure liquid F 3 is finally heated to the critical temperature or higher by the heating section 5 , so that the target supercritical fluid F 4 capable of being stored in the ground on land or in the ground on the sea bottom can be obtained.
  • the pumping section 3 is adopted on a high-pressure side. Since a liquid is compressed in the pumping section 3 , when the liquid is compressed to a high-pressure state (about 15 to 60 [MPa]), a target fluid is easily sealed. Therefore, this is extremely advantageous, the cost increase as described above can be avoided, and the problems of reliability and operation efficiency can also be solved.
  • cooling in the sixth intercooler 26 stops in the state S 7 a in order to avoid compression in a transition region where characteristics become unstable.
  • the supercritical fluid after the compressing is brought into a state where the temperature thereof is high compared to the target supercritical fluid F 4 . Accordingly, in order to obtain the target supercritical fluid F 4 , an after-cooler or the like that performs cooling after the compression is further required.
  • the above after-cooler or the like is unnecessary, and the power for operating this after-cooler can be reduced.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 brought into the state of the critical pressure or higher by the compression section 2 is cooled and is turned into the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 .
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is cooled in the state of the critical pressure or higher as in the present embodiment, it is possible to liquefy the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 while keeping the amount of heat required for cooling low as compared to a case where the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is cooled in the state of being lower than the critical pressure.
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is first cooled to the transition region with water cooling only by the sixth intercooler 26 .
  • the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 is in the state near the critical pressure and the critical temperature, as described above, a larger enthalpy change occurs with a small temperature change, and most of the amount of refrigeration required for the liquefaction of the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 can be obtained only through water cooling.
  • the refrigerant of the main cooling part 28 is the low-temperature liquid F 5 from the extracting and decompression section 6 .
  • a suitable cooling medium W is obtained from the outside
  • reduction of the amount of refrigeration required by the main cooling part 28 is possible by pre-cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 by the pre-cooling part 29 .
  • cooling from the state S 7 b to a state S 7 c is performed in the pre-cooling part 29
  • cooling from the state S 7 c to the state S 8 a is performed in the main cooling part 28 .
  • the cooling in the main cooling part 28 can be sufficiently performed even if the flow rate of the low-temperature liquid F 5 is reduced by such a pre-cooling part 29 .
  • the flow rate of the low-temperature liquid F 5 returned to the compression section 2 via the bypass channel 7 can be reduced, power reduction in the compression section 2 is also possible, which leads to further improvement in operation efficiency.
  • the refrigerant of the main cooling part 28 is the low-temperature liquid F 5 , the refrigeration of the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 itself introduced into the pumping section 3 is effectively used. That is, the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 introduced into the pumping section 3 can be reliably generated without separately installing a condenser required to generate the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 from the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 .
  • the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 can be heated to the critical temperature or higher by performing heat exchange with the heating section 5 with respect to the heat recovered during the cooling of the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 .
  • the heat exchange part can be made compact, and therefore, the overall system can be made compact.
  • the extracted intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 is no longer discharged to the outside. Therefore, the efficiency of the overall compressing system 1 can be further improved.
  • the extracting and decompression section 6 is not necessarily provided.
  • the cooling section 4 performs heat exchange only with the heating section 5 , or performs heat exchange with the heating section 5 and the external cooling medium W.
  • the heating section 5 is not necessarily provided.
  • the cooling section 4 performs cooling by both the low-temperature liquid F 5 in the extracting and decompression section 6 and external cooling medium W, or performs cooling by any one of these.
  • the compressing system 1 A of the present embodiment is a combination of an arbitrary compressor type (a centrifugal type, a reciprocal type, or the like) and a pump type.
  • the compressing system 1 A similar to the first embodiment, includes a compression section 2 A, a pumping section 3 A, a cooling section 4 A, a heating section 5 A, an extracting and decompression section 6 A that has a branch conduit 41 A, a heat exchange part 42 A, and a valve 43 A, and a bypass channel 7 A.
  • the compression section 2 A, the pumping section 3 A, the cooling section 4 A, and the heating section 5 A are connected to each other by conduits 8 Aa, 8 Ab, 8 Ac, 8 Ad, 8 Ae, 8 Af, 8 Ag, 8 Ah, 8 Ai, 8 Aj, 8 Ak, 8 Al, 8 Am, and 8 An.
  • the compression section 2 A has a plurality of compression stages 11 A to 16 A that are provided in multiple stages (six stages in the present embodiment), and a plurality of intercoolers 21 A to 26 A each of which is provided between the compression stages 11 A to 16 A or between the compression section 2 A and the cooling section 4 A.
  • the pumping section 3 A is provided in a rear stage of the compression section 2 A, and is constituted of pump stages 31 A and 32 A in multiple stages (two stages in the present embodiment).
  • the state S 1 a to the state S 9 and the state S 10 of the carbon dioxide F in FIG. 7 correspond to the state S 1 a to the state S 9 and the state S 10 of the carbon dioxide F in FIG. 2 .
  • a compressing system 1 A similar to the first embodiment, it is possible to combine the compression section 2 A and the pumping section 3 A to suppress costs and improve operation efficiency, and it is possible to adopt the cooling section 4 A to perform cooling at a critical pressure or higher. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the power required for liquefaction of the intermediate supercritical fluid F 1 .
  • a pumping section 9 A may be further provided on a rear-stage side of the pumping section 3 A.
  • a pump stage By adopting such a configuration, it is also possible to add a pump stage to perform compressing to a higher pressure.
  • the state S 9 of the carbon dioxide F becomes a state S 9 a , and a supercritical fluid at a pressure that is equal to or higher than a target pressure can be obtained.
  • the pumping section may be further added on the rear-stage side of the pumping section 3 in this way so as to compress the carbon dioxide F to a pressure that is equal to or higher than a target pressure.
  • the pre-cooling part 29 A is not used in the cooling section 4 A, and cooling is performed only by the main cooling part 28 A. However, it is possible to perform pre-cooling by the pre-cooling part 29 A to thereby reduce the amount of refrigeration required by the main cooling part 28 A.
  • the intermediate supercritical pressure liquid F 2 may be cooled by a refrigerant from the outside, such as the external cooling medium W, similar to the pre-cooling part 29 ( 29 A).
  • an external heater may be separately provided to heat the target pressure liquid F 3 to generate the target supercritical fluid F 4 , that is, the cooling section 4 ( 4 A) and the heating section 5 ( 5 A) may be made to be independent. This can simplify the structure.
  • cooling medium of the intercoolers 21 A to 26 A may be air or the like without being limited to water.
  • bypass channel 7 ( 7 A) is not necessarily provided.
  • the compression section 2 ( 2 A) can be designed without taking into consideration the flow rate of the low-temperature liquid F 5 returned to the compression section 2 ( 2 A).
  • the number of stages of the compression section 2 ( 2 A) and the pumping section 3 ( 3 A) is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
  • the target gas is the carbon dioxide F.
  • the target gas is not limited to this, and the compressing system 1 ( 1 A) can be applied to compressing of various gases.
  • the present invention relates to a compressing system that performs compressing of gas.
  • the compressing system of the invention by combining the compression section and the pumping section and cooling the intermediate supercritical fluid in the state of a pressure that is equal to or higher than a critical pressure in the cooling section, power is further reduced, thereby operation efficiency is improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
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CN110319352A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-10-11 北京杰利阳能源设备制造有限公司 一种超临界二氧化碳增压设备及工艺
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US10935031B2 (en) 2016-02-08 2021-03-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Booster system
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WO2024095030A1 (fr) * 2022-11-04 2024-05-10 Sundyne International S.A Pompe à compresseur centrifuge à engrenage intégré hybride

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US20200248961A1 (en) 2020-08-06
WO2014041654A1 (fr) 2014-03-20
KR101508863B1 (ko) 2015-04-07
CN103796747A (zh) 2014-05-14
EP2896453A1 (fr) 2015-07-22
US11656026B2 (en) 2023-05-23
CN103796747B (zh) 2015-08-12
EP2896453B1 (fr) 2018-11-07
JPWO2014041654A1 (ja) 2016-08-12
EP2896453A4 (fr) 2016-01-13
JP5826265B2 (ja) 2015-12-02
KR20140071271A (ko) 2014-06-11

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