US20130227993A1 - Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass - Google Patents
Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130227993A1 US20130227993A1 US13/834,930 US201313834930A US2013227993A1 US 20130227993 A1 US20130227993 A1 US 20130227993A1 US 201313834930 A US201313834930 A US 201313834930A US 2013227993 A1 US2013227993 A1 US 2013227993A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shank
- sleeve
- molten glass
- region
- cap member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/187—Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/051—Stirrers characterised by their elements, materials or mechanical properties
- B01F27/053—Stirrers characterised by their elements, materials or mechanical properties characterised by their materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/071—Fixing of the stirrer to the shaft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0722—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis perpendicular with respect to the rotating axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0724—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis directly mounted on the rotating axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/114—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
- B01F27/1143—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections screw-shaped, e.g. worms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/116—Stirrers shaped as cylinders, balls or rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/117—Stirrers provided with conical-shaped elements, e.g. funnel-shaped
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
- C03B17/04—Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
- C03B5/1672—Use of materials therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/167—Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches
- C03B5/1672—Use of materials therefor
- C03B5/1675—Platinum group metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/187—Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements
- C03B5/1875—Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements of the screw or pump-action type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
- C03B7/08—Feeder spouts, e.g. gob feeders
- C03B7/092—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
Definitions
- the invention relates to an apparatus which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass and which may be designed, for example, in the form of an agitator, a needle, a plunger or rotary plunger or a Vello or down-draw needle, in order to be used in the glass industry, for example, for homogenizing molten glass.
- the invention relates, furthermore, to a method for processing molten glass, in which the apparatus is used.
- Structural parts consisting of high-grade metal or high-grade metal alloys, such as preferably PGM materials, are employed in the glass industry, particularly in plants for the melting and hot forming of special glass.
- PGM Platinum Group Metals
- Such structural parts are essentially either structures consisting of solid PGM material or of materials resistant to high temperature, such as ceramic refractory materials or metallic special materials, with a thin-walled PGM cladding, for example, in the form of thin sheet metal or of a PGM surface coating which is applied, for example, by plasma spraying or flame spraying.
- Plant parts carrying glass melt are often noble metal sheet structures which are designed as thin-walled pipe systems.
- the molten glass flows through these at temperatures of between 1000° C. and 1700° C.
- the pipe systems are surrounded on the outside by an insulating and, if appropriate, supporting ceramic, this, in turn, often being held by supporting metal structures, such as, for example, metal boxes.
- Structural parts consisting of solid PGM material have molten glass flowing over or around them and are partly moved in the glass melt.
- PGM Platinum Group Metals
- the prior art as described in DE 43 26 143 A1, discloses a plunger which consists of a core consisting of molybdenum, tungsten or of an alloy of these. Furthermore, the plunger has a ceramic body which is provided with a covering consisting of platinum or of a platinum-rich alloy. The ceramic body serves for preventing intermetallic diffusion, specifically between the metal core and the platinum covering.
- the plunger has the disadvantage, however, that the layer build-up with the molybdenum or tungsten core is relatively complicated.
- a further disadvantage is that, if the covering is damaged, oxidation of the molybdenum or tungsten core occurs, with the result that the plunger becomes useless.
- a plunger needle is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,766, such a plunger needle in this case consisting of an outer cylinder with a hemispherical cap. Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the cylinder. Both the cylinder and the hemispherical cap and also the reinforcing ribs in this case consist of platinum or of a platinum alloy.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass, in order to be used in the glass industry.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for processing molten glass.
- An especially preferred advantage of the invention is the long and predictable service lives of the apparatus and its relatively low production costs.
- the apparatus has a shank which consists of at least one at least partially, preferably completely seamless tube consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, the shank having at least one thickened portion on which an actuating device is fastened, for example, by means of welding.
- the thickened portion may, in this case, be designed in such a way that the shank has a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness.
- the shank may, for example, be stepped downwards and/or have a flowing transition. The stepping or the flowing transition may run from a greater wall thickness to a smaller wall thickness and/or from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter, and vice versa.
- one or more tubes may in this case be additionally introduced coaxially into the shank.
- the tubes may in this case have a continuous diameter and a continuous wall thickness or likewise be designed so as to be stepped or with flowing transitions.
- one or more portions of the shank may be reinforced additionally or alternatively from outside by at least one sleeve being pushed on or being shrunk on.
- an at least partially seamless shank composed of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material has the advantage that this ODS material considerably increases the resistance to high temperature or the long-time rupture strength at high temperatures of the shank. This is achieved by means of the combination of hard, nonmetallic small particles finely distributed in the PGM material and of a very high mixing density.
- a further advantage is that the shank exhibits only a low creep behaviour.
- the tendency to plastic deformation, that is to say a low creep behaviour is in this case influenced positively by the admixture of finely distributed dispersoids.
- oxide dispersion-strengthened materials referred to in brief as ODS materials are especially suitable for self-supporting solid PGM structural parts.
- a further advantage is that the thickened portion of the shank to which the actuating device is fastened can more effectively absorb forces or mechanical loads, such as, for example, tension, pressure, bending and/or shearing, which act on the shank via the actuating device. Furthermore, longer service lives and, consequently, a higher efficiency of the apparatus can be achieved.
- the apparatus has a shank which consists of at least one at least partially, preferably completely seamless tube, an actuating device being arranged on the shank, and the shank and the actuating device consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- the provision of the shank and of the actuating device consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material has the advantage that, preferably, the service lives can be further prolonged, since due to the ODS material, the actuating device, too, has a higher long-time rupture strength at high temperatures, and also improved corrosion resistance, on account of the textural structure and a lower tendency to creeping.
- the shank additionally has a sleeve which is arranged on the shank, at least in a region in which an evaporation or sublimation of the carrying shank occurs during operation.
- the sleeve may in this case consist, for example, of a PGM material.
- oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM materials which may be used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described in even more detail below, may have, if appropriate, subordinate quantities of base metals as further alloying components or oxidic additives. Typical materials are fine platinum, platinum/rhodium alloys and platinum/iridium alloys. To increase the strength and high-temperature creep resistance, oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM materials may be provided, in which case a small quantity of finely distributed refractory metal oxide, such as, for example, zirconium oxide or yttrium oxide, is added to the PGM material, for example.
- refractory metal oxide such as, for example, zirconium oxide or yttrium oxide
- the strengthening of platinum materials by means of dispersion strengthening is preferred.
- the combination of hard, non-metallic small particles finely distributed in the PGM material and of very high mixing density allows a considerable increase in high-temperature resistance.
- the tendency to plastic deformation, that is to say a low creep behaviour, is also influenced positively by the admixture of finely distributed dispersoids.
- oxide dispersion-strengthened materials (referred to in brief as ODS materials) are especially suitable as self-supporting solid PGM structural parts. These oxide dispersion-strengthened materials are likewise used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described below.
- the abovementioned PGM structural parts may, in turn, be built up from individual components, for example, bands, metal sheets, cups and profiles, as a welded structure.
- a suitable forming and joining technique is important. Any weld seam leads to a weakening of the mechanical strength of the basic material due to variations in textural structure. Precisely where ODS materials are concerned, it has to be remembered that, in the molten state, the dispersoids coagulate and are partially flushed out, thus adversely influencing the lifetime of the structural part.
- the avoidance of weld seams that is to say the use of at least partially or completely seamless individual components, such as, for example, in the case of the claimed shank, is the basis for the efficient implementation of self-supporting solid PGM structural parts.
- the external forces acting on the PGM structural parts are generated, inter alia, by the different primary types of movement of the PGM structural parts in the liquid glass:
- FIG. 1 a shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention
- FIG. 1 b shows a detail of a view A of the apparatus according to FIG. 1 a
- FIG. 2 a shows a perspective view of a detail of a tubular device of the apparatus according to FIG. 1 a from below, a disc element and plate elements being fastened to the tubular device by means of welding, and the tubular device in this case lying on a holder, which is not part of the invention,
- FIG. 2 b shows a perspective view of a detail of the tubular device according to FIG. 2 a , from above, the tubular device being shown before welding,
- FIG. 3 a - f show a side view of an actuating device according to the first embodiment, the actuating device in each case being composed of different actuating elements,
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention
- FIG. 5 a shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, a hollow profile being used as a blade element,
- FIG. 5 b shows a perspective view of the third embodiment of the invention, a sheet-like element (obliquely arranged plate) being used as a blade element,
- FIG. 6 a shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator
- FIG. 6 b shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of a needle
- FIG. 6 c shows an apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention in the form of a plunger or rotary plunger
- FIG. 6 d shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a Vello or down-draw needle
- FIG. 7 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a plunger or rotary plunger in a perspective view
- FIG. 7 b shows a side view of the apparatus according to FIG. 7 a
- FIG. 7 c shows a top view of the apparatus according to FIG. 7 a in the direction of the arrow A
- FIG. 8 a shows an apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator in a perspective view
- FIG. 8 b shows the apparatus according to FIG. 8 a in a side view, with an enlarged detail Z,
- FIG. 8 c shows a top view of the apparatus according to FIG. 8 a in the direction of the arrow A
- FIG. 9 a shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator in a side view
- FIG. 9 b shows the apparatus according to FIG. 9 a in a perspective view
- FIG. 9 c shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according to FIG. 9 a , with sectional views B-B and C-C and with an enlarged detail Z,
- FIG. 10 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a Vello or down-draw needle in a perspective view
- FIG. 10 b shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according to FIG. 10 a with an enlarged detail C
- FIG. 10 c shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according to FIG. 10 a , the longitudinal section being rotated through 90° about the longitudinal axis in relation to FIG. 10 b,
- FIG. 11 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a helical plunger in a side view, and also an accompanying sectional view C-D,
- FIG. 11 b shows a longitudinal section A-B through the apparatus according to FIG. 11 a
- FIG. 11 c shows a top view of the apparatus according to FIG. 10 b in the direction of the arrow X
- FIG. 12 a shows various embodiments of a blade element in cross section, the blade element being a sheet-like element
- FIG. 12 b shows further embodiments of the blade element in cross section, the blade element having a closed profile or rather a hollow profile
- FIG. 13 a - f shows various embodiments of the shank of the apparatus according to the invention, the shank being illustrated in longitudinal section,
- FIG. 14 shows various embodiments of the shank, the shank being illustrated in cross section.
- FIG. 1 a shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the apparatus 2 according to the invention.
- the apparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator and has a shank 20 and an actuating device 4 which are moved via a drive (not illustrated).
- a drive or holding flange 5 is provided on the shank 20 .
- This drive or holding flange 5 is in this case received in the shank 20 and is provided with a protective cap 7 which preferably consists of a PGM material including, for example, oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- the shank 20 of the apparatus 2 according to the invention has at least one at least partially or completely seamless tube which preferably consists of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or at least comprises this material.
- the shank 20 has a first thickened portion 9 , on which the actuating device 4 is fastened, preferably by means of welding. Welding in this case constitutes a possibility of stable and glass-tight fastening.
- the first thickened portion 9 may in this case be formed, for example, by virtue of the preferred provision of a sleeve 28 .
- the sleeve 28 preferably consists of a PGM material, more preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material.
- This sleeve 28 is fastened, at least glass-tight, to the shank 20 and may, for example, be pushed or shrunk on to the shank 20 .
- the shank 20 may preferably have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness.
- the shank may in this case be designed on the outside and/or on the inside with a flowing transition and/or so as to be stepped in terms of diameter and/or wall thickness.
- the actuation device 4 is fastened to the sleeve 28 by means of a continuous weld seam 25 , the sleeve 28 forming the first thickened portion 9 of the shank 20 .
- the first thickened portion 9 may also be formed, for example, by a greater wall thickness of the shank 20 .
- the actuating device 4 is welded directly to the shank 20 in the region of the first thickened portion 9 .
- the thickened portion 9 has in this case the advantage that it can compensate the weakening caused by the weld seam 25 and at the same time can absorb the forces which act on the connection to the actuating device 4 , for example tensile, compressive, shearing and/or bending forces, etc. Higher service lives can be achieved therefore by means of which the efficiency of the apparatus 2 can be improved considerably.
- This also applies particularly to the second thickened portion 15 , to which the actuating device may likewise be fastened, as shown in FIG. 1 a , with the result that the second thickened portion 15 has to absorb a higher load than the first thickened portion 9 .
- the second thickened portion 15 is dealt with in more detail below.
- a tubular device 8 is provided which corresponds here, in the first embodiment, to a prolongation of the shank 20 .
- This tubular device 8 is pushed into the actuating device 4 .
- the actuating device 4 is composed of one, two or more actuating elements 16 which are preferably seamless spun parts.
- the actuating device 4 is in this case composed of actuating elements 16 , for example, in the form of a cylinder, of a cone, of a cone frustum and/or of a spherical segment, this list not being conclusive.
- actuating elements 16 for example, in the form of a cylinder, of a cone, of a cone frustum and/or of a spherical segment, this list not being conclusive.
- at least one disc element 12 is provided on the tubular device 8 or the prolongation of the shank 20 .
- the disc element 12 in this case consists preferably of a PGM material, especially preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, or alternatively of another suitable material.
- the disc element 12 may have orifices or bores 11 .
- the actuating elements 16 and the disc element 12 may in this case be welded to one another in order to form the actuating device 4 .
- the disc element 12 may selectively have on its outer circumference a projection 13 which is at least partially or completely peripheral.
- the actuating elements 16 are in this case pushed on to the disc element 12 and at the same time come to bear against the projection 13 .
- the two actuating elements 16 and the disc element 12 can thus be positioned with respect to one another and subsequently welded to one another.
- the projection 13 may in this case project somewhat beyond the actuating elements 16 on the outside and be used to form a weld seam.
- At least one plate element 24 for absorbing axial forces may selectively be provided on one or on both sides of the disc element 12 .
- the respective actuating element 16 has a clearance or slot 30 , into which the upper end 27 of the corresponding plate element 24 is received.
- the actuating elements 16 , the disc element 12 arranged between them and the two plate elements 24 may be welded to one another at a later stage.
- the two actuating elements 16 may also be welded directly to one another, in which case no disc element 12 is arranged between them and/or no plate element 24 is received in a slot 30 of the respective actuating element 16 .
- the disc element 12 may bear against the inner circumference of at least one of the actuating elements 16 and selectively be welded to this from inside. This also applies to the plate elements 24 . These may likewise bear against the inner circumference of the actuating elements 16 and selectively be welded to the actuating elements 16 from the inside.
- the actuating element 16 correspondingly has no slot 30 in this case.
- a second thickened portion 15 may be provided, on which the disc element 12 and the plate elements 24 are arranged.
- the second thickened portion 15 may in this case be formed on the tubular device 8 by virtue of the provision of a sleeve 28 .
- the sleeve 28 in this case likewise consists preferably of a PGM material, especially preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material.
- the sleeve 28 may, for example, be pushed or shrunk onto the tubular device 8 .
- the two sleeves 28 which are used on the first and the second thickened portion 9 , 15 may also be designed (not illustrated) as a continuous sleeve.
- the tubular device 8 itself may be of thickened design.
- the tubular device 8 may in this case have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness.
- the tubular device 8 may correspondingly be designed on the inside and/or on the outside with a flowing transition and/or so as to be stepped.
- tubular device 8 and the sleeve 28 may in each case be provided with a corresponding break-out 26 , through which the respective plate element 24 is pushed, as shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b .
- FIG. 2 a which shows the tubular device 8 from below, the plate elements 24 are welded continuously to the disc element 12 and the sleeve 28 .
- the disc element 12 in this case is likewise welded all round to the sleeve 28 .
- FIG. 2 b in which the tubular device 8 is shown from above, shows, in turn, the sides of the disc element 12 and of the respective plate elements 24 before welding.
- the number and position of the weld seams 25 may also be provided differently, insofar as a sufficient fastening of the disc element 12 , of the plate elements 24 and of the sleeve 28 is ensured.
- the sleeve 28 may be prolonged as far as the end of the tubular device 8 and be optionally welded to the lower end of the tubular device 8 .
- the sleeve 28 is preferably not welded at its upper end to the tubular device 8 , since here, for example, forces act by the actuating device 4 and a weld seam would lead to weakening.
- At least one supporting ring 32 may be provided, which bears against the inner circumference of the corresponding actuating element 16 and which is selectively welded to the latter.
- blade elements 18 may be fastened to the actuating device 4 , preferably by means of welding. These blade elements 18 may in this case be formed from solid parts or hollow parts, as shown by way of example in FIG. 12 a, b .
- the blade elements 18 are in this case preferably made from PGM material, especially preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material.
- the blade elements 18 may in this case also have a set-up, such as is described below with reference to the second and the third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
- the shank 20 and at least parts of the actuating device 4 consist of a PGM material, preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material.
- a PGM material preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material.
- all the parts of the actuating device 4 including the disc element 12 , the plate elements 24 , the sleeve 28 , the supporting ring 32 , and the blade elements 18 , may also be made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material.
- the drive or holding flange 5 may be made, for example, from a heat-resistant steel, since the temperature outside the molten glass is correspondingly lower.
- the actuation device 4 and the shank 20 or the tubular device 8 are preferably vented (not illustrated) inside the apparatus 2 .
- the actuating device 4 is composed of two cylindrical actuating elements 16 .
- the actuating device 4 in FIG. 3 b is composed of a partially conical actuating element 16 and in each case a cylindrical and a hemispherical actuating element 16 .
- the actuating device 4 is composed in each case of two conical actuating elements 16 .
- the actuating device 4 is composed of a conical and of a hemispherical actuating element 16 .
- the actuating device 4 is formed from a conical actuating element 16 having a cylindrical portion.
- the apparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator which has a shank 20 and an actuating device 6 which are moved via a drive (not illustrated).
- a drive or holding flange may be provided on the shank 20 .
- This drive or holding flange (not illustrated) is in this case received, for example, in the shank 20 and is provided with a protective cap.
- FIG. 4 shows a detail of the shank 20 of the apparatus according to the invention which is provided with an actuating device 6 which has two blade elements 18 .
- the shank 20 in this case has at least one at least partially or completely seamless tube which preferably consists of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or at least comprises this material.
- the shank 20 in this case has a portion 19 to which the actuating device 6 is fastened.
- the portion 19 may in this case selectively be designed as a thickened portion (not illustrated) to which the actuating device 6 or its blade elements 18 are fastened.
- the thickened portion serves for compensating the weakening of the shank 20 due to the welding-on of the blade element 18 .
- the thickened portion may be achieved by a sleeve being pushed or shrunk on to the shank 20 .
- the sleeve in this case may preferably be made from a PGM material, especially preferably from an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material.
- the shank 20 may have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness.
- the shank 20 can in this case be designed to be stepped inwards and/or outwards and/or with a flowing transition.
- an actuating device 6 which, as shown in FIG. 4 , has, for example, two or more blade elements 18 .
- a tube of smaller diameter or a tubular device 10 is introduced at least partially into the blade elements 18 through an orifice 22 in the shank 20 or the sleeve.
- the tubular device 10 is designed as a separate part and, for example, is not welded to the shank 20 , in order to avoid an additional weakening (transformation of the textural structure of the ODS material) of the shank.
- the tubular device 10 may be dimensioned in its dimensions, in particular in its length, such that the blade element 18 has to absorb as low a tilting moment as possible during operation.
- a tilting moment leads to bending stresses which have to be absorbed by the leak-tight weld seam between the blade element 18 and shank 20 .
- the occurrence of a tilting moment can be reduced or essentially avoided by virtue of the provision of the tubular device 10 .
- At least one disc element 14 is provided, which serves for the radial support of the blade element 18 and which bears with its outer circumference, preferably continuously or at least partially continuously, against the inner circumference of the blade element 18 .
- the disc element 14 may be connected to the tubular device 10 by means of welding.
- the number and dimensions, in particular width, of the disc element 14 may be selected as a function of the length of the blade element 18 and as a function of which portions of the blade element 18 are additionally to be supported radially. The same applies correspondingly to the disc element 12 of the first embodiment and to the disc element 36 which is dealt with in more detail below.
- the blade elements 18 are placed on to the portion 19 of the shank 20 .
- only two blade elements 18 are illustrated in FIG. 4 .
- even only one blade element 18 or more than two blade elements 18 may be provided, as shown, for example, by means of the following FIG. 6 c .
- at least one supporting ring (not illustrated) may also be provided in the blade element 18 correspondingly to the supporting ring 32 of the first embodiment.
- the tubular device 10 has at least one orifice 23 for venting.
- the tubular device 10 which is illustrated partially as a section in FIG. 4 , is in this case vented inwards by way of the shank 20 via the orifice 23 .
- the shank 20 and at least parts of the actuating device 6 consist of a PGM material, preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- a PGM material preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- all the parts of the actuating device 6 including the blade elements 18 , the disc element 12 , the sleeve and the supporting ring, may also be made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material.
- the drive or holding flange does not have to be made from a PGM material, since the temperature outside the molten glass is correspondingly lower. It may be produced, for example, from a “base” material, for example, a heat-resistant steel.
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b illustrate a third embodiment of the apparatus 2 according to the invention.
- the shank 20 of the apparatus 2 likewise preferably has a thickened portion 21 which may be designed in the same way as the thickened shanks 9 , described above, that is to say with a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness and/or a sleeve.
- a sleeve 28 is welded to the shank 20 in order to form the thickened portion 21 .
- the sleeve 28 may also be pushed or shrunk on to the shank 20 .
- the shank 20 and the sleeve 28 have a corresponding orifice 22 through which the blade element 18 in the form of a closed tube is led.
- the blade element 18 is in this case welded continuously to the thickened portion 21 .
- the thickened portion 21 in this case compensates the weakening due to the weld seam 25 .
- the blade element 18 may have at least one orifice 23 , as shown in FIG. 5 a and the detail A.
- the blade element 18 is in this case vented inwards, and the air is discharged outwards later via a further orifice in the shank 20 above the glass level. This principle may be applied to all the embodiments.
- At least one blade element 18 with a sheet-like profile may also be welded to the thickened portion 21 , preferably by means of a continuous weld seam 25 .
- the thickened portion 21 is in this case formed by the sleeve 28 which is welded to the shank 20 in each case by means of a preferably continuous weld seam.
- FIG. 5 b for example, two blade elements 18 in the form of sheet-like elements are welded on. Basically, these two blade elements 18 may also be designed as one continuous blade element 18 (not illustrated) which is led through corresponding orifices in the thickened portion 21 and is fastened to the latter by means of welding.
- the venting of the weld seams 25 of the blade elements 18 is illustrated in FIG. 5 b and the detail A.
- the venting serves for discharging air, which is formed during welding between the weld seams 25 , inwards into the shank 20 , where it is subsequently discharged outwards via an orifice in the shank 20 above the glass level.
- the shank 20 in this case has at least one orifice 29 for venting which is arranged opposite the blade element 18 with its weld seams 25 .
- the sleeve 28 in this case preferably has a clearance 31 which lies with the orifice 29 opposite the blade element 18 and its weld seams 25 .
- the clearance 31 may in this case be designed, for example, as a continuous depression, since this is easy to produce in manufacturing terms.
- FIG. 6 a - 6 d Various embodiments of the apparatus 2 according to the invention are shown in FIG. 6 a - 6 d.
- FIG. 6 a shows the apparatus 2 according to the invention as an agitator.
- the agitator executes, for example, a rotational movement in an operating state.
- the agitator has as an actuating device 4 an essentially cylindrical basic body on which various blade elements 18 are arranged.
- the agitator may basically assume any other shape, for example shapes such as are shown in FIG. 3 a - 3 f and 6 b - 6 d and combinations of these. This also applies correspondingly to the needles described below in FIGS. 6 b and 6 d , and to the plunger in FIG. 6 c.
- the apparatus 2 is designed as a needle.
- the needle executes, for example, a lifting movement and/or, at least intermittently, a rotational movement.
- the needle has, furthermore, an actuating device 4 which is composed of a conical, of a cylindrical and of a hemispherical actuating element 16 .
- the apparatus 2 is designed as a plunger or rotary plunger.
- the plunger executes a rotational movement and/or a lifting movement.
- the plunger is in this case composed of a spherical and of a conical actuating element 16 , blade elements 18 being additionally fastened as further actuating elements to the shank 20 .
- the apparatus 2 according to the invention is designed as a Vello or down-draw needle.
- the needle may in this case be rotated about its axis at predetermined time intervals, while it otherwise executes essentially no movement.
- the needle in this case has a conical actuating device 4 with a cylindrical portion.
- FIG. 7 a - c an exemplary embodiment of the third embodiment of the invention is shown which in this case is designed as a plunger.
- the plunger has a seamless shank 20 , at the upper end of which is provided a drive or holding flange 5 which has a protective cap 7 .
- the shank 20 has at its lower end an actuating device 4 in the form of a thickening or bell.
- the actuating device 4 in this case may be composed, for example, of three actuating elements 16 , a conical, a cylindrical and a hemispherical actuating element 16 .
- the actuating device 4 may additionally be stiffened further from inside by at least one supporting ring 32 , in which case the supporting ring 32 may selectively be welded to the actuating device 4 on the inside.
- the shank 20 has a continuous sleeve 28 , to which three closed tubular blade elements 18 are fastened as a further actuating device, for example, by means of welding.
- the three tubular blade elements 18 are in this case led through corresponding orifices in the shank 20 and in the sleeve 28 .
- the arrangement of the blade elements 18 may form, for example a type of spiral.
- the apparatus can be vented outwards via at least one orifice 33 at the upper end of the shank 20 , above the glass level.
- the blade elements 18 themselves may be vented, for example, according to what is shown in FIG. 5 a, b . This principle may be applied to all the embodiments.
- FIG. 8 a - c an exemplary embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8 a - c .
- the apparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator and has a multiplicity of blade elements 18 which are reinforced in each case via a tubular device 10 and corresponding disc elements 14 .
- the blade elements 18 are in this case fastened to a portion 19 of the shank 20 preferably by means of welding.
- the portion 19 may in this case be designed as a thickened portion (not illustrated).
- a tubular device 10 is introduced through corresponding orifices 22 through the shank 20 into the blade elements 18 , the tubular device 10 preferably not being welded to the shank 20 .
- a disc element 14 is fastened to the tubular device 10 at each of the two ends in order to support the blade elements 18 additionally radially.
- an orifice 23 is provided in the tubular device 10 , in order to vent the latter and the blade elements 18 .
- the blade elements 18 are arranged, for example, spirally on the shank 20 of the apparatus 2 .
- a drive or holding pin 5 is provided, which has a protective cap 7 at its lower end.
- an additional sleeve 37 is arranged on the shank 20 , for example, in the region of the glass level.
- the sleeve 37 in this case projects above a glass level by a predetermined length L 1 , for example, of 10 mm-100 mm or preferably of 80-100 mm, and/or extends with a predetermined length L 2 , for example, of 10-20 mm, below the glass level.
- the length L 1 may even be markedly greater than 100 mm.
- the length L 1 should be selected such that the sleeve 37 covers a part of or the entire region of the shank 20 where evaporation occurs. This applies correspondingly to the length L 2 .
- the selected length L 2 may likewise be greater than 20 mm or lower than 10 mm, insofar as evaporation of the shank 20 can be suitably reduced or prevented.
- the sleeve 37 may in this case be produced from an alloy similar to the protective cap 7 , for example from a PGM material or another suitable material. Basically, an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material may also be used.
- the sleeve 37 may be fastened to the shank 20 by being pushed on or shrunk on. Basically, however, it may also be fastened to the shank 20 by means of welding, insofar as it has no carrying function, as is the case in FIG. 8 b.
- the sleeve 37 may also be arranged (not illustrated) at a distance from the glass level, the distance being selected such that an evaporation of the shank 20 can be suitably prevented or reduced.
- the sleeve 37 may be employed in all the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described. It is also conceivable in this case to combine the two sleeves 28 , 37 into one continuous sleeve, instead of designing each of the sleeves 28 and 37 as an individual part, as described above.
- FIG. 9 a - c illustrate a further exemplary embodiment of the apparatus 2 according to the invention in the first embodiment.
- the agitator first has a shank 20 , at the upper end of which is provided a drive or holding flange 5 which has a protective cap 7 .
- the shank 20 has at its lower end a tubular device 8 (prolongation of the shank 20 ) which is introduced into an actuating device 4 .
- the actuating device 4 consists, for example, of three actuating elements 16 .
- a sleeve 28 is provided on the tubular device 8 , in order to form a thickened portion to which the actuating element 16 is fastened by means of welding.
- a plurality of plate elements 24 are inserted through the sleeve 28 and the tubular device 8 .
- at least one supporting ring 32 may also be provided, in order to increase the dimensional rigidity of the actuating device 4 .
- a disc element 36 is provided for centring the tubular device 8 .
- the disc element 36 in this case has an orifice through which the tubular device 8 is led.
- the disc element 36 is in this case fastened to the actuating element 16 on the inside, for example by means of welding.
- a disc element 12 is provided, which may have, for example, a projection 13 as shown in the enlarged detail Z. The two actuating elements 16 are in this case pushed on to the disc element 12 and bear against the projection 13 .
- the actuating elements 16 and the disc element 12 are in this case connected by means of welding.
- the two actuating elements 16 may also be welded directly to one another, and the disc element 12 may be welded to an actuating element 16 from the inside, as already stated in detail in the description relating to FIGS. 1 , 2 a and 2 b.
- Blade elements 18 in the form of sheet-like elements are fastened to the outside of the actuating device 4 , for example, by means of welding. Additionally, or alternatively, the blade elements 18 may also have a closed profile, as shown, for example, in FIG. 11 b.
- FIG. 10 a - c show a fourth embodiment according to the invention which is similar to the first embodiment.
- the apparatus is designed, for example, as a Vello needle or down-draw needle and has a bell-shaped actuating device.
- the shank 20 is in this case provided at one end with a drive or holding flange 5 , a detail of this being shown in FIG. 10 a - c .
- the drive or holding flange 5 has a protective cap 7 at its lower end.
- the shank 20 is provided at its other end with a thickened portion.
- the thickened portion may in this case be formed by a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness and/or a sleeve 28 , comparably to the thickened portions 9 , 15 and 21 .
- the shank 20 is provided outwardly, for example, with a stepped wall thickness.
- the shank 20 in this case becomes thinner downwards, since the transverse forces and the bending moment profile increase upwards and the shank 20 therefore has to have a thicker design at the top, whereas it may have a thinner design at the bottom.
- This is only one example of a load situation.
- the selected wall thickness of the shank 20 would, for example, have a thicker profile downwards. So as not to weaken the shank 20 by a weld seam, a sleeve 28 is provided, which forms the thickened portion.
- an actuating element 16 is fastened to the sleeve 28 by means of welding, as illustrated in the detail C of FIG. 10 b .
- plate elements 24 may additionally be provided, which are inserted through the shank 20 and are welded to the actuating element 16 from inside.
- the actuating element 16 is closed at the lower end by means of a cover 34 having an orifice 35 .
- the venting of the apparatus 2 has not been illustrated in FIG. 10 a - c.
- FIG. 11 a - c a fifth embodiment of the apparatus 2 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 11 a - c .
- the apparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as a plunger.
- the shank 20 is in this case provided at one end with a drive or a holding flange 5 which has a protective cap 7 at its lower end.
- the shank 20 is widened in diameter at its other end in order to form an actuating device.
- the shank 20 is in this case closed at its end by means of a hemispherical actuating element 16 .
- a spiral blade element 18 is fastened to the outside of the widened portion, preferably by means of welding.
- the shank 20 has an orifice 33 above the glass level (not illustrated) in order to discharge the air inside the shank 20 outwards.
- FIGS. 12 a and 12 b Sundry variations of the blade elements 18 , such as are used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described above, are illustrated in FIGS. 12 a and 12 b .
- FIG. 12 a shows various shapes of blade elements 18 illustrated in cross section.
- the blade elements 18 are in this case designed in the form of sheet-like elements.
- FIG. 12 b illustrates, furthermore, blade elements 18 in the form of closed profiles or rather hollow profiles in cross section.
- Both the sheet-like elements in FIG. 12 a and the hollow profiles in FIG. 12 b may be arranged, for example, as single-flight or multi-flight spirals. It is obvious to an average person skilled in the art, however, that the sheet-like elements or hollow profiles may be arranged on the shank 20 or the actuating device and combined with one another in any desired way, depending on their function.
- FIG. 13 a - f and 14 illustrate various shapes for the shanks 20 , such as may be used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described above, the shanks 20 preferably being of seamless or at least partially seamless design.
- the shanks 20 may in this case have a continuous wall thickness ( FIG. 13 a ) or a stepped wall thickness ( FIG. 13 b ).
- the shank 20 may also have a continuously identical wall thickness, but a stepped diameter ( FIG. 13 c ). Moreover, the shank 20 may also have a stepped wall thickness and a stepped diameter ( FIG. 13 d ). Furthermore, according to FIGS. 13 e and 13 f , the shank 20 may also have a plurality of shanks inserted coaxially one in the other, in which case these shanks 20 may be shanks according to FIG. 13 a, b, c and/or FIG. 13 d . Instead of a stepping, flowing transitions may also be formed. FIG. 14 shows possible radial cross sections of the shanks suitable for the invention.
- the shanks 20 , tubular devices 8 , 10 , actuating devices 4 , 6 with actuating elements 16 , disc elements 12 , 14 , 36 , supporting rings 32 , sleeves 28 , 37 , plate elements 24 , protective caps 7 and blade elements 18 are preferably all or at least parts of them made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable ODS material.
- the drive or holding flange basically, does not necessarily also have to be produced from a PGM material or oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- the shank 20 is preferably seamless, but at least partially seamless.
- the same also applies to the actuating elements 16 , these, too, being seamless or at least partially seamless.
- the disc elements, plate elements and/or supporting rings may be provided with orifices 11 for weight reduction.
- the configuration of the actuating device in the first embodiment may also be combined with the reinforced blade elements of the second embodiment.
- an apparatus which has an actuating device according to the first embodiment and, in addition, at least one blade element according to the second embodiment. This applies likewise to the other embodiments illustrated in the figures.
- the actuating elements 16 , blade elements 18 and disc elements 12 , 14 , 36 do not necessarily have to have a round cross section.
- the blade elements 18 may also have cross sections, as illustrated in FIG. 12 b . This also applies correspondingly to the actuating elements 16 and the disc elements 12 , 14 , 36 , connected to them, and also the tubular device 8 , 10 .
- the embodiments described above are used in a temperature range with a mean operating temperature of 1000° C.-1500° C.
- torques of, for example, up to 100 N ⁇ m may be achieved, or torques in ranges of, for example, 10 N ⁇ m to 30 N ⁇ m or 30 N ⁇ m to 80 N ⁇ m or up to 100 N ⁇ m, with service lives of several years.
- the length of the agitators or plungers, etc. according to the invention may lie, for example, between 1 m and 2.5 m.
- the blade elements may have an overhang of up to 500 mm in diameter.
- quantities of, for example, up to 50 kg of PGM material or oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material can be processed.
Abstract
Apparatus, which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass, the apparatus having a shank which has at least one at least partially seamless tube consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, the shank having at least one thickened portion on which an actuating device is arranged.
Description
- The invention relates to an apparatus which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass and which may be designed, for example, in the form of an agitator, a needle, a plunger or rotary plunger or a Vello or down-draw needle, in order to be used in the glass industry, for example, for homogenizing molten glass. The invention relates, furthermore, to a method for processing molten glass, in which the apparatus is used.
- Structural parts consisting of high-grade metal or high-grade metal alloys, such as preferably PGM materials, are employed in the glass industry, particularly in plants for the melting and hot forming of special glass. These plant components used in fusion technology, also called PGM (Platinum Group Metals) products, serve for melting, refining, transporting, homogenizing and portioning liquid glass.
- Such structural parts, are essentially either structures consisting of solid PGM material or of materials resistant to high temperature, such as ceramic refractory materials or metallic special materials, with a thin-walled PGM cladding, for example, in the form of thin sheet metal or of a PGM surface coating which is applied, for example, by plasma spraying or flame spraying.
- Plant parts carrying glass melt are often noble metal sheet structures which are designed as thin-walled pipe systems. The molten glass flows through these at temperatures of between 1000° C. and 1700° C. The pipe systems, as a rule, are surrounded on the outside by an insulating and, if appropriate, supporting ceramic, this, in turn, often being held by supporting metal structures, such as, for example, metal boxes.
- Structural parts consisting of solid PGM material have molten glass flowing over or around them and are partly moved in the glass melt.
- PGM (Platinum Group Metals) materials, because of their high melting point, are distinguished by high temperature resistance and, furthermore, by high mechanical strength and resistance to abrasion and are therefore especially suitable for the production of structural parts in plants or plant parts which come into contact with the glass melt. Suitable materials are platinum and alloys of platinum and/or of other PGM metals.
- The prior art, as described in DE 43 26 143 A1, discloses a plunger which consists of a core consisting of molybdenum, tungsten or of an alloy of these. Furthermore, the plunger has a ceramic body which is provided with a covering consisting of platinum or of a platinum-rich alloy. The ceramic body serves for preventing intermetallic diffusion, specifically between the metal core and the platinum covering.
- The plunger has the disadvantage, however, that the layer build-up with the molybdenum or tungsten core is relatively complicated. A further disadvantage is that, if the covering is damaged, oxidation of the molybdenum or tungsten core occurs, with the result that the plunger becomes useless.
- Moreover, a plunger needle is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,766, such a plunger needle in this case consisting of an outer cylinder with a hemispherical cap. Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the cylinder. Both the cylinder and the hemispherical cap and also the reinforcing ribs in this case consist of platinum or of a platinum alloy.
- The object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass, in order to be used in the glass industry. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for processing molten glass.
- These objects are achieved by means of an apparatus and a method according to
Claims - An especially preferred advantage of the invention is the long and predictable service lives of the apparatus and its relatively low production costs.
- In this case, in one embodiment, the apparatus has a shank which consists of at least one at least partially, preferably completely seamless tube consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, the shank having at least one thickened portion on which an actuating device is fastened, for example, by means of welding. The thickened portion may, in this case, be designed in such a way that the shank has a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness. In this case, depending on the intended use or load, the shank may, for example, be stepped downwards and/or have a flowing transition. The stepping or the flowing transition may run from a greater wall thickness to a smaller wall thickness and/or from a larger diameter to a smaller diameter, and vice versa. Also as explained later with reference to
FIG. 12 a, one or more tubes may in this case be additionally introduced coaxially into the shank. The tubes may in this case have a continuous diameter and a continuous wall thickness or likewise be designed so as to be stepped or with flowing transitions. Furthermore, depending on the intended use, one or more portions of the shank may be reinforced additionally or alternatively from outside by at least one sleeve being pushed on or being shrunk on. - The provision of an at least partially seamless shank composed of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material has the advantage that this ODS material considerably increases the resistance to high temperature or the long-time rupture strength at high temperatures of the shank. This is achieved by means of the combination of hard, nonmetallic small particles finely distributed in the PGM material and of a very high mixing density.
- A further advantage is that the shank exhibits only a low creep behaviour. The tendency to plastic deformation, that is to say a low creep behaviour, is in this case influenced positively by the admixture of finely distributed dispersoids. For this reason, such oxide dispersion-strengthened materials (referred to in brief as ODS materials) are especially suitable for self-supporting solid PGM structural parts.
- A further advantage is that the thickened portion of the shank to which the actuating device is fastened can more effectively absorb forces or mechanical loads, such as, for example, tension, pressure, bending and/or shearing, which act on the shank via the actuating device. Furthermore, longer service lives and, consequently, a higher efficiency of the apparatus can be achieved.
- In the further embodiment of the invention the apparatus has a shank which consists of at least one at least partially, preferably completely seamless tube, an actuating device being arranged on the shank, and the shank and the actuating device consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material.
- The provision of the shank and of the actuating device consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material has the advantage that, preferably, the service lives can be further prolonged, since due to the ODS material, the actuating device, too, has a higher long-time rupture strength at high temperatures, and also improved corrosion resistance, on account of the textural structure and a lower tendency to creeping.
- In a further embodiment of the invention, the shank additionally has a sleeve which is arranged on the shank, at least in a region in which an evaporation or sublimation of the carrying shank occurs during operation. The sleeve may in this case consist, for example, of a PGM material.
- The inventor found that the evaporation of the carrying shank during operation can be reduced considerably by the provision of such a sleeve. As a result the material loss on the shank can be reduced and, moreover, higher service lives can be achieved. Owing to the use of a sleeve manufactured from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, the PGM material loss of the sleeve can be reduced, as compared with PGM cast alloys.
- The above-described oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM materials, which may be used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described in even more detail below, may have, if appropriate, subordinate quantities of base metals as further alloying components or oxidic additives. Typical materials are fine platinum, platinum/rhodium alloys and platinum/iridium alloys. To increase the strength and high-temperature creep resistance, oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM materials may be provided, in which case a small quantity of finely distributed refractory metal oxide, such as, for example, zirconium oxide or yttrium oxide, is added to the PGM material, for example.
- The strengthening of platinum materials by means of dispersion strengthening is preferred. The combination of hard, non-metallic small particles finely distributed in the PGM material and of very high mixing density allows a considerable increase in high-temperature resistance. The tendency to plastic deformation, that is to say a low creep behaviour, is also influenced positively by the admixture of finely distributed dispersoids. For this reason, such oxide dispersion-strengthened materials (referred to in brief as ODS materials) are especially suitable as self-supporting solid PGM structural parts. These oxide dispersion-strengthened materials are likewise used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described below.
- The abovementioned PGM structural parts may, in turn, be built up from individual components, for example, bands, metal sheets, cups and profiles, as a welded structure. In this case, a suitable forming and joining technique is important. Any weld seam leads to a weakening of the mechanical strength of the basic material due to variations in textural structure. Precisely where ODS materials are concerned, it has to be remembered that, in the molten state, the dispersoids coagulate and are partially flushed out, thus adversely influencing the lifetime of the structural part. The avoidance of weld seams, that is to say the use of at least partially or completely seamless individual components, such as, for example, in the case of the claimed shank, is the basis for the efficient implementation of self-supporting solid PGM structural parts.
- These seamless individual components then also have to be joined together, for example, welded, into a functioning structural part. It is appropriate, here, to place the weld seams as far as possible in low-stress or stress-free zones. In order to compensate weakening due to the weld seams, there is also the possibility, furthermore, depending on the type and size of the mechanical load—tension, pressure, bending and/or shearing, etc.—to adapt the seamless individual components in their geometry, according to requirements, within the limits of the forming technique, that is to say the use of profiles of stepped diameter and wall thickness or profiles with flowing transitions and seamless spun parts.
- The external forces acting on the PGM structural parts are generated, inter alia, by the different primary types of movement of the PGM structural parts in the liquid glass:
-
- Agitators execute a rotational movement.
- Needles execute a lifting movement and sometimes, at the same time, a rotational movement.
- Plungers or rotary plungers execute a rotational movement, at the same time with a superposed lifting movement.
- Vello and down-draw needles (used in the production of glass tubes) do not execute any movements in the operating state. These structural parts are merely rotated at certain time intervals, about their longitudinal axis into a new position in order to avoid permanent deformations of the PGM structural part. External forces are generated mainly by the viscous glass being drawn off, either horizontally to the side or vertically downwards.
- By the provision of an apparatus according to
Claims - Some preferred embodiments and exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the present drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 a shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, -
FIG. 1 b shows a detail of a view A of the apparatus according toFIG. 1 a, -
FIG. 2 a shows a perspective view of a detail of a tubular device of the apparatus according toFIG. 1 a from below, a disc element and plate elements being fastened to the tubular device by means of welding, and the tubular device in this case lying on a holder, which is not part of the invention, -
FIG. 2 b shows a perspective view of a detail of the tubular device according toFIG. 2 a, from above, the tubular device being shown before welding, -
FIG. 3 a-f show a side view of an actuating device according to the first embodiment, the actuating device in each case being composed of different actuating elements, -
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, -
FIG. 5 a shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, a hollow profile being used as a blade element, -
FIG. 5 b shows a perspective view of the third embodiment of the invention, a sheet-like element (obliquely arranged plate) being used as a blade element, -
FIG. 6 a shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator, -
FIG. 6 b shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of a needle, -
FIG. 6 c shows an apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention in the form of a plunger or rotary plunger, -
FIG. 6 d shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a Vello or down-draw needle, -
FIG. 7 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a plunger or rotary plunger in a perspective view, -
FIG. 7 b shows a side view of the apparatus according toFIG. 7 a, -
FIG. 7 c shows a top view of the apparatus according toFIG. 7 a in the direction of the arrow A, -
FIG. 8 a shows an apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator in a perspective view, -
FIG. 8 b shows the apparatus according toFIG. 8 a in a side view, with an enlarged detail Z, -
FIG. 8 c shows a top view of the apparatus according toFIG. 8 a in the direction of the arrow A, -
FIG. 9 a shows an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention in the form of an agitator in a side view, -
FIG. 9 b shows the apparatus according toFIG. 9 a in a perspective view, -
FIG. 9 c shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according toFIG. 9 a, with sectional views B-B and C-C and with an enlarged detail Z, -
FIG. 10 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a Vello or down-draw needle in a perspective view, -
FIG. 10 b shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according toFIG. 10 a with an enlarged detail C, -
FIG. 10 c shows a longitudinal section through the apparatus according toFIG. 10 a, the longitudinal section being rotated through 90° about the longitudinal axis in relation toFIG. 10 b, -
FIG. 11 a shows a further embodiment according to the invention of the apparatus in the form of a helical plunger in a side view, and also an accompanying sectional view C-D, -
FIG. 11 b shows a longitudinal section A-B through the apparatus according toFIG. 11 a, -
FIG. 11 c shows a top view of the apparatus according toFIG. 10 b in the direction of the arrow X, -
FIG. 12 a shows various embodiments of a blade element in cross section, the blade element being a sheet-like element, -
FIG. 12 b shows further embodiments of the blade element in cross section, the blade element having a closed profile or rather a hollow profile, -
FIG. 13 a-f shows various embodiments of the shank of the apparatus according to the invention, the shank being illustrated in longitudinal section, -
FIG. 14 shows various embodiments of the shank, the shank being illustrated in cross section. -
FIG. 1 a shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of theapparatus 2 according to the invention. Theapparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator and has ashank 20 and an actuating device 4 which are moved via a drive (not illustrated). For this purpose, a drive or holding flange 5 is provided on theshank 20. This drive or holding flange 5 is in this case received in theshank 20 and is provided with aprotective cap 7 which preferably consists of a PGM material including, for example, oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material. - The
shank 20 of theapparatus 2 according to the invention has at least one at least partially or completely seamless tube which preferably consists of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or at least comprises this material. Theshank 20 has a first thickened portion 9, on which the actuating device 4 is fastened, preferably by means of welding. Welding in this case constitutes a possibility of stable and glass-tight fastening. - As shown in
FIG. 1 a, the first thickened portion 9 may in this case be formed, for example, by virtue of the preferred provision of asleeve 28. Thesleeve 28 preferably consists of a PGM material, more preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material. Thissleeve 28 is fastened, at least glass-tight, to theshank 20 and may, for example, be pushed or shrunk on to theshank 20. In addition to thesleeve 28 or instead of thesleeve 28, theshank 20 may preferably have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness. The shank may in this case be designed on the outside and/or on the inside with a flowing transition and/or so as to be stepped in terms of diameter and/or wall thickness. - As shown in
FIG. 1 a, the actuation device 4 is fastened to thesleeve 28 by means of acontinuous weld seam 25, thesleeve 28 forming the first thickened portion 9 of theshank 20. Alternatively, however, the first thickened portion 9 may also be formed, for example, by a greater wall thickness of theshank 20. In this instance, the actuating device 4 is welded directly to theshank 20 in the region of the first thickened portion 9. - The thickened portion 9 has in this case the advantage that it can compensate the weakening caused by the
weld seam 25 and at the same time can absorb the forces which act on the connection to the actuating device 4, for example tensile, compressive, shearing and/or bending forces, etc. Higher service lives can be achieved therefore by means of which the efficiency of theapparatus 2 can be improved considerably. This also applies particularly to the second thickenedportion 15, to which the actuating device may likewise be fastened, as shown inFIG. 1 a, with the result that the second thickenedportion 15 has to absorb a higher load than the first thickened portion 9. The second thickenedportion 15 is dealt with in more detail below. - Furthermore, at one end of the
shank 20, a tubular device 8 is provided which corresponds here, in the first embodiment, to a prolongation of theshank 20. This tubular device 8 is pushed into the actuating device 4. As may be gathered fromFIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 3 a-3 f, the actuating device 4 is composed of one, two ormore actuating elements 16 which are preferably seamless spun parts. - The actuating device 4 is in this case composed of actuating
elements 16, for example, in the form of a cylinder, of a cone, of a cone frustum and/or of a spherical segment, this list not being conclusive. For the radial support and/or fastening of theactuating elements 16 at least onedisc element 12 is provided on the tubular device 8 or the prolongation of theshank 20. Thedisc element 12 in this case consists preferably of a PGM material, especially preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, or alternatively of another suitable material. For weight reduction, thedisc element 12 may have orifices or bores 11. Theactuating elements 16 and thedisc element 12 may in this case be welded to one another in order to form the actuating device 4. - As shown in
FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, thedisc element 12 may selectively have on its outer circumference aprojection 13 which is at least partially or completely peripheral. Theactuating elements 16 are in this case pushed on to thedisc element 12 and at the same time come to bear against theprojection 13. The twoactuating elements 16 and thedisc element 12 can thus be positioned with respect to one another and subsequently welded to one another. Theprojection 13 may in this case project somewhat beyond theactuating elements 16 on the outside and be used to form a weld seam. - Furthermore, at least one
plate element 24 for absorbing axial forces may selectively be provided on one or on both sides of thedisc element 12. As shown in the detail of the view A inFIG. 1 b, therespective actuating element 16 has a clearance or slot 30, into which the upper end 27 of thecorresponding plate element 24 is received. Theactuating elements 16, thedisc element 12 arranged between them and the twoplate elements 24 may be welded to one another at a later stage. - Basically, the two actuating
elements 16 may also be welded directly to one another, in which case nodisc element 12 is arranged between them and/or noplate element 24 is received in a slot 30 of therespective actuating element 16. Instead, thedisc element 12 may bear against the inner circumference of at least one of theactuating elements 16 and selectively be welded to this from inside. This also applies to theplate elements 24. These may likewise bear against the inner circumference of theactuating elements 16 and selectively be welded to theactuating elements 16 from the inside. Theactuating element 16 correspondingly has no slot 30 in this case. - Preferably, on the tubular device 8 or the
prolonged shank 20, a second thickenedportion 15 may be provided, on which thedisc element 12 and theplate elements 24 are arranged. As illustrated inFIG. 1 a, the second thickenedportion 15 may in this case be formed on the tubular device 8 by virtue of the provision of asleeve 28. Thesleeve 28 in this case likewise consists preferably of a PGM material, especially preferably of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material. Thesleeve 28 may, for example, be pushed or shrunk onto the tubular device 8. In this case the twosleeves 28 which are used on the first and the second thickenedportion 9, 15, may also be designed (not illustrated) as a continuous sleeve. In addition to thesleeve 28 or instead of thesleeve 28, the tubular device 8 itself may be of thickened design. As in the case of the first thickened portion 9, the tubular device 8 may in this case have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness. For this purpose the tubular device 8 may correspondingly be designed on the inside and/or on the outside with a flowing transition and/or so as to be stepped. - Furthermore, the tubular device 8 and the
sleeve 28 may in each case be provided with a corresponding break-out 26, through which therespective plate element 24 is pushed, as shown inFIGS. 2 a and 2 b. InFIG. 2 a, which shows the tubular device 8 from below, theplate elements 24 are welded continuously to thedisc element 12 and thesleeve 28. Thedisc element 12 in this case is likewise welded all round to thesleeve 28.FIG. 2 b, in which the tubular device 8 is shown from above, shows, in turn, the sides of thedisc element 12 and of therespective plate elements 24 before welding. - In principal, the number and position of the weld seams 25 may also be provided differently, insofar as a sufficient fastening of the
disc element 12, of theplate elements 24 and of thesleeve 28 is ensured. As indicated inFIG. 1 a by a broken line and as is shown inFIG. 2 a, thesleeve 28 may be prolonged as far as the end of the tubular device 8 and be optionally welded to the lower end of the tubular device 8. However, as shown inFIGS. 1 a and 2 b, thesleeve 28 is preferably not welded at its upper end to the tubular device 8, since here, for example, forces act by the actuating device 4 and a weld seam would lead to weakening. - For the additional support of the inner circumference of the actuating device 4 or of its
actuating elements 16 or to increase the dimensional rigidity of these, at least one supporting ring 32 may be provided, which bears against the inner circumference of the correspondingactuating element 16 and which is selectively welded to the latter. - Furthermore,
blade elements 18 may be fastened to the actuating device 4, preferably by means of welding. Theseblade elements 18 may in this case be formed from solid parts or hollow parts, as shown by way of example inFIG. 12 a, b. Theblade elements 18 are in this case preferably made from PGM material, especially preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material. Theblade elements 18 may in this case also have a set-up, such as is described below with reference to the second and the third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention. - Overall, the
shank 20 and at least parts of the actuating device 4, that is to say preferably the parts of the actuating device 4 which come into contact with the glass, consist of a PGM material, preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material. Alternatively, however, all the parts of the actuating device 4, including thedisc element 12, theplate elements 24, thesleeve 28, the supporting ring 32, and theblade elements 18, may also be made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or of another suitable material. By contrast, the drive or holding flange 5 may be made, for example, from a heat-resistant steel, since the temperature outside the molten glass is correspondingly lower. The actuation device 4 and theshank 20 or the tubular device 8 are preferably vented (not illustrated) inside theapparatus 2. - Some examples of the configuration of the actuating device 4 are explained below in more detail with reference to
FIG. 3 a-3 f. InFIG. 3 a the actuating device 4 is composed of twocylindrical actuating elements 16. Further, the actuating device 4 inFIG. 3 b is composed of a partiallyconical actuating element 16 and in each case a cylindrical and ahemispherical actuating element 16. InFIGS. 3 c and 3 e, the actuating device 4 is composed in each case of twoconical actuating elements 16. Furthermore, inFIG. 3 d the actuating device 4 is composed of a conical and of ahemispherical actuating element 16. InFIG. 3 f the actuating device 4 is formed from aconical actuating element 16 having a cylindrical portion. - The second embodiment of the
apparatus 2 according to the invention is explained in more detail below according toFIG. 4 . - The
apparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator which has ashank 20 and anactuating device 6 which are moved via a drive (not illustrated). For this purpose, as shown inFIG. 1 a of the first embodiment, a drive or holding flange may be provided on theshank 20. This drive or holding flange (not illustrated) is in this case received, for example, in theshank 20 and is provided with a protective cap. -
FIG. 4 shows a detail of theshank 20 of the apparatus according to the invention which is provided with anactuating device 6 which has twoblade elements 18. As has already been described in detail above with reference to the first embodiment, theshank 20 in this case has at least one at least partially or completely seamless tube which preferably consists of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or at least comprises this material. Theshank 20 in this case has a portion 19 to which theactuating device 6 is fastened. - The portion 19 may in this case selectively be designed as a thickened portion (not illustrated) to which the
actuating device 6 or itsblade elements 18 are fastened. The thickened portion serves for compensating the weakening of theshank 20 due to the welding-on of theblade element 18. In this case, correspondingly to the first embodiment, the thickened portion may be achieved by a sleeve being pushed or shrunk on to theshank 20. The sleeve in this case may preferably be made from a PGM material, especially preferably from an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material. In addition to the sleeve or instead of the latter, theshank 20 may have a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness. Theshank 20 can in this case be designed to be stepped inwards and/or outwards and/or with a flowing transition. - Provided on the
shank 20 is anactuating device 6 which, as shown inFIG. 4 , has, for example, two ormore blade elements 18. A tube of smaller diameter or atubular device 10 is introduced at least partially into theblade elements 18 through anorifice 22 in theshank 20 or the sleeve. - In contrast to the first embodiment, the
tubular device 10 is designed as a separate part and, for example, is not welded to theshank 20, in order to avoid an additional weakening (transformation of the textural structure of the ODS material) of the shank. Thetubular device 10 may be dimensioned in its dimensions, in particular in its length, such that theblade element 18 has to absorb as low a tilting moment as possible during operation. A tilting moment leads to bending stresses which have to be absorbed by the leak-tight weld seam between theblade element 18 andshank 20. The occurrence of a tilting moment can be reduced or essentially avoided by virtue of the provision of thetubular device 10. - Furthermore, on the
tubular device 10, at least one disc element 14 is provided, which serves for the radial support of theblade element 18 and which bears with its outer circumference, preferably continuously or at least partially continuously, against the inner circumference of theblade element 18. The disc element 14 may be connected to thetubular device 10 by means of welding. The number and dimensions, in particular width, of the disc element 14 may be selected as a function of the length of theblade element 18 and as a function of which portions of theblade element 18 are additionally to be supported radially. The same applies correspondingly to thedisc element 12 of the first embodiment and to thedisc element 36 which is dealt with in more detail below. - The
blade elements 18, as shown inFIG. 4 , are placed on to the portion 19 of theshank 20. In this case, only twoblade elements 18 are illustrated inFIG. 4 . However, even only oneblade element 18 or more than twoblade elements 18 may be provided, as shown, for example, by means of the followingFIG. 6 c. In addition, at least one supporting ring (not illustrated) may also be provided in theblade element 18 correspondingly to the supporting ring 32 of the first embodiment. - As shown in
FIG. 4 and the detail A, thetubular device 10 has at least oneorifice 23 for venting. Thetubular device 10, which is illustrated partially as a section inFIG. 4 , is in this case vented inwards by way of theshank 20 via theorifice 23. - Overall, the
shank 20 and at least parts of theactuating device 6, that is to say preferably the parts of theactuating device 6 which come into contact with the glass, consist of a PGM material, preferably of oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material. Alternatively, however, all the parts of theactuating device 6, including theblade elements 18, thedisc element 12, the sleeve and the supporting ring, may also be made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable material. By contrast, the drive or holding flange does not have to be made from a PGM material, since the temperature outside the molten glass is correspondingly lower. It may be produced, for example, from a “base” material, for example, a heat-resistant steel. -
FIGS. 5 a and 5 b illustrate a third embodiment of theapparatus 2 according to the invention. In this case, theshank 20 of theapparatus 2 likewise preferably has a thickened portion 21 which may be designed in the same way as the thickened shanks 9, described above, that is to say with a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness and/or a sleeve. In the illustration inFIG. 5 a, asleeve 28 is welded to theshank 20 in order to form the thickened portion 21. Alternatively, however, thesleeve 28 may also be pushed or shrunk on to theshank 20. In this case, theshank 20 and thesleeve 28 have acorresponding orifice 22 through which theblade element 18 in the form of a closed tube is led. Theblade element 18 is in this case welded continuously to the thickened portion 21. The thickened portion 21 in this case compensates the weakening due to theweld seam 25. For venting, theblade element 18 may have at least oneorifice 23, as shown inFIG. 5 a and the detail A. Theblade element 18 is in this case vented inwards, and the air is discharged outwards later via a further orifice in theshank 20 above the glass level. This principle may be applied to all the embodiments. - Alternatively or additionally, instead of a
blade element 18 with a hollow profile inFIG. 5 a, at least oneblade element 18 with a sheet-like profile may also be welded to the thickened portion 21, preferably by means of acontinuous weld seam 25. As already described above, the thickened portion 21 is in this case formed by thesleeve 28 which is welded to theshank 20 in each case by means of a preferably continuous weld seam. InFIG. 5 b, for example, twoblade elements 18 in the form of sheet-like elements are welded on. Basically, these twoblade elements 18 may also be designed as one continuous blade element 18 (not illustrated) which is led through corresponding orifices in the thickened portion 21 and is fastened to the latter by means of welding. - The venting of the weld seams 25 of the
blade elements 18 is illustrated inFIG. 5 b and the detail A. The venting serves for discharging air, which is formed during welding between the weld seams 25, inwards into theshank 20, where it is subsequently discharged outwards via an orifice in theshank 20 above the glass level. Theshank 20 in this case has at least oneorifice 29 for venting which is arranged opposite theblade element 18 with its weld seams 25. Thesleeve 28 in this case preferably has a clearance 31 which lies with theorifice 29 opposite theblade element 18 and its weld seams 25. As shown inFIG. 5 b, the clearance 31 may in this case be designed, for example, as a continuous depression, since this is easy to produce in manufacturing terms. - Various embodiments of the
apparatus 2 according to the invention are shown inFIG. 6 a-6 d. -
FIG. 6 a shows theapparatus 2 according to the invention as an agitator. The agitator executes, for example, a rotational movement in an operating state. Furthermore, as illustrated inFIG. 6 a, the agitator has as an actuating device 4 an essentially cylindrical basic body on whichvarious blade elements 18 are arranged. However, the agitator may basically assume any other shape, for example shapes such as are shown inFIG. 3 a-3 f and 6 b-6 d and combinations of these. This also applies correspondingly to the needles described below inFIGS. 6 b and 6 d, and to the plunger inFIG. 6 c. - In
FIG. 6 b theapparatus 2 according to the invention is designed as a needle. In an operating state the needle executes, for example, a lifting movement and/or, at least intermittently, a rotational movement. The needle has, furthermore, an actuating device 4 which is composed of a conical, of a cylindrical and of ahemispherical actuating element 16. - Moreover, in
FIG. 6 c, theapparatus 2 according to the invention is designed as a plunger or rotary plunger. In this case in an operating state, the plunger executes a rotational movement and/or a lifting movement. The plunger is in this case composed of a spherical and of aconical actuating element 16,blade elements 18 being additionally fastened as further actuating elements to theshank 20. - Further, in
FIG. 6 d, theapparatus 2 according to the invention is designed as a Vello or down-draw needle. The needle may in this case be rotated about its axis at predetermined time intervals, while it otherwise executes essentially no movement. The needle in this case has a conical actuating device 4 with a cylindrical portion. - In
FIG. 7 a-c, an exemplary embodiment of the third embodiment of the invention is shown which in this case is designed as a plunger. The plunger has aseamless shank 20, at the upper end of which is provided a drive or holding flange 5 which has aprotective cap 7. Theshank 20 has at its lower end an actuating device 4 in the form of a thickening or bell. The actuating device 4 in this case may be composed, for example, of three actuatingelements 16, a conical, a cylindrical and ahemispherical actuating element 16. The actuating device 4 may additionally be stiffened further from inside by at least one supporting ring 32, in which case the supporting ring 32 may selectively be welded to the actuating device 4 on the inside. - Furthermore, the
shank 20 has acontinuous sleeve 28, to which three closedtubular blade elements 18 are fastened as a further actuating device, for example, by means of welding. The threetubular blade elements 18 are in this case led through corresponding orifices in theshank 20 and in thesleeve 28. As shown inFIG. 7 a, the arrangement of theblade elements 18 may form, for example a type of spiral. - The apparatus can be vented outwards via at least one
orifice 33 at the upper end of theshank 20, above the glass level. Theblade elements 18 themselves may be vented, for example, according to what is shown inFIG. 5 a, b. This principle may be applied to all the embodiments. - Moreover, an exemplary embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
FIG. 8 a-c. Theapparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as an agitator and has a multiplicity ofblade elements 18 which are reinforced in each case via atubular device 10 and corresponding disc elements 14. Theblade elements 18 are in this case fastened to a portion 19 of theshank 20 preferably by means of welding. As has already been described in detail with reference toFIG. 4 , the portion 19 may in this case be designed as a thickened portion (not illustrated). Atubular device 10 is introduced throughcorresponding orifices 22 through theshank 20 into theblade elements 18, thetubular device 10 preferably not being welded to theshank 20. A disc element 14 is fastened to thetubular device 10 at each of the two ends in order to support theblade elements 18 additionally radially. For venting, anorifice 23 is provided in thetubular device 10, in order to vent the latter and theblade elements 18. - The
blade elements 18 are arranged, for example, spirally on theshank 20 of theapparatus 2. At the upper end of theshank 20, a drive or holding pin 5 is provided, which has aprotective cap 7 at its lower end. - In this exemplary embodiment, an additional sleeve 37 is arranged on the
shank 20, for example, in the region of the glass level. The sleeve 37 in this case projects above a glass level by a predetermined length L1, for example, of 10 mm-100 mm or preferably of 80-100 mm, and/or extends with a predetermined length L2, for example, of 10-20 mm, below the glass level. In principle, the length L1 may even be markedly greater than 100 mm. The length L1 should be selected such that the sleeve 37 covers a part of or the entire region of theshank 20 where evaporation occurs. This applies correspondingly to the length L2. The selected length L2 may likewise be greater than 20 mm or lower than 10 mm, insofar as evaporation of theshank 20 can be suitably reduced or prevented. - The inventor found that the evaporation of the
shank 20, which occurs, for example, during the agitation of molten glass, can be prevented by virtue of the provision of the sleeve 37 described above. Hitherto, during the evaporation process, an appreciable part of the shank has evaporated, and therefore the shank or the agitator loses weight with progressive use, with the result that the service life of the agitator is reduced. This is prevented by the sleeve 37 according to the invention. The sleeve 37 may in this case be produced from an alloy similar to theprotective cap 7, for example from a PGM material or another suitable material. Basically, an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material may also be used. - The sleeve 37 may be fastened to the
shank 20 by being pushed on or shrunk on. Basically, however, it may also be fastened to theshank 20 by means of welding, insofar as it has no carrying function, as is the case inFIG. 8 b. - Alternatively, the sleeve 37 may also be arranged (not illustrated) at a distance from the glass level, the distance being selected such that an evaporation of the
shank 20 can be suitably prevented or reduced. - The sleeve 37 may be employed in all the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described. It is also conceivable in this case to combine the two
sleeves 28, 37 into one continuous sleeve, instead of designing each of thesleeves 28 and 37 as an individual part, as described above. -
FIG. 9 a-c illustrate a further exemplary embodiment of theapparatus 2 according to the invention in the first embodiment. In this case, the agitator first has ashank 20, at the upper end of which is provided a drive or holding flange 5 which has aprotective cap 7. Furthermore, theshank 20 has at its lower end a tubular device 8 (prolongation of the shank 20) which is introduced into an actuating device 4. The actuating device 4 consists, for example, of three actuatingelements 16. Moreover, asleeve 28 is provided on the tubular device 8, in order to form a thickened portion to which theactuating element 16 is fastened by means of welding. A plurality ofplate elements 24 are inserted through thesleeve 28 and the tubular device 8. In addition, at least one supporting ring 32 may also be provided, in order to increase the dimensional rigidity of the actuating device 4. Furthermore, adisc element 36 is provided for centring the tubular device 8. Thedisc element 36 in this case has an orifice through which the tubular device 8 is led. Thedisc element 36 is in this case fastened to theactuating element 16 on the inside, for example by means of welding. Further, adisc element 12 is provided, which may have, for example, aprojection 13 as shown in the enlarged detail Z. The twoactuating elements 16 are in this case pushed on to thedisc element 12 and bear against theprojection 13. Theactuating elements 16 and thedisc element 12 are in this case connected by means of welding. Alternatively, the two actuatingelements 16 may also be welded directly to one another, and thedisc element 12 may be welded to anactuating element 16 from the inside, as already stated in detail in the description relating toFIGS. 1 , 2 a and 2 b. -
Blade elements 18 in the form of sheet-like elements are fastened to the outside of the actuating device 4, for example, by means of welding. Additionally, or alternatively, theblade elements 18 may also have a closed profile, as shown, for example, inFIG. 11 b. -
FIG. 10 a-c show a fourth embodiment according to the invention which is similar to the first embodiment. In this case the apparatus is designed, for example, as a Vello needle or down-draw needle and has a bell-shaped actuating device. Theshank 20 is in this case provided at one end with a drive or holding flange 5, a detail of this being shown inFIG. 10 a-c. The drive or holding flange 5 has aprotective cap 7 at its lower end. Theshank 20 is provided at its other end with a thickened portion. The thickened portion may in this case be formed by a larger diameter and/or a greater wall thickness and/or asleeve 28, comparably to the thickenedportions 9, 15 and 21. In the illustration inFIG. 10 a-c, theshank 20 is provided outwardly, for example, with a stepped wall thickness. Theshank 20 in this case becomes thinner downwards, since the transverse forces and the bending moment profile increase upwards and theshank 20 therefore has to have a thicker design at the top, whereas it may have a thinner design at the bottom. This, however, is only one example of a load situation. In the reverse load situation, the selected wall thickness of theshank 20 would, for example, have a thicker profile downwards. So as not to weaken theshank 20 by a weld seam, asleeve 28 is provided, which forms the thickened portion. In this case, anactuating element 16 is fastened to thesleeve 28 by means of welding, as illustrated in the detail C ofFIG. 10 b. To absorb the axial forces,plate elements 24 may additionally be provided, which are inserted through theshank 20 and are welded to theactuating element 16 from inside. Theactuating element 16 is closed at the lower end by means of acover 34 having an orifice 35. The venting of theapparatus 2 has not been illustrated inFIG. 10 a-c. - Furthermore, a fifth embodiment of the
apparatus 2 according to the invention is shown inFIG. 11 a-c. Theapparatus 2 is in this case designed, for example, as a plunger. Theshank 20 is in this case provided at one end with a drive or a holding flange 5 which has aprotective cap 7 at its lower end. Theshank 20 is widened in diameter at its other end in order to form an actuating device. Theshank 20 is in this case closed at its end by means of ahemispherical actuating element 16. Aspiral blade element 18 is fastened to the outside of the widened portion, preferably by means of welding. For venting, theshank 20 has anorifice 33 above the glass level (not illustrated) in order to discharge the air inside theshank 20 outwards. - Sundry variations of the
blade elements 18, such as are used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described above, are illustrated inFIGS. 12 a and 12 b.FIG. 12 a shows various shapes ofblade elements 18 illustrated in cross section. Theblade elements 18 are in this case designed in the form of sheet-like elements.FIG. 12 b illustrates, furthermore,blade elements 18 in the form of closed profiles or rather hollow profiles in cross section. Both the sheet-like elements inFIG. 12 a and the hollow profiles inFIG. 12 b may be arranged, for example, as single-flight or multi-flight spirals. It is obvious to an average person skilled in the art, however, that the sheet-like elements or hollow profiles may be arranged on theshank 20 or the actuating device and combined with one another in any desired way, depending on their function. -
FIG. 13 a-f and 14 illustrate various shapes for theshanks 20, such as may be used in the embodiments and exemplary embodiments described above, theshanks 20 preferably being of seamless or at least partially seamless design. Theshanks 20 may in this case have a continuous wall thickness (FIG. 13 a) or a stepped wall thickness (FIG. 13 b). - Furthermore, the
shank 20 may also have a continuously identical wall thickness, but a stepped diameter (FIG. 13 c). Moreover, theshank 20 may also have a stepped wall thickness and a stepped diameter (FIG. 13 d). Furthermore, according toFIGS. 13 e and 13 f, theshank 20 may also have a plurality of shanks inserted coaxially one in the other, in which case theseshanks 20 may be shanks according toFIG. 13 a, b, c and/orFIG. 13 d. Instead of a stepping, flowing transitions may also be formed.FIG. 14 shows possible radial cross sections of the shanks suitable for the invention. - The elements, described above with reference to the figures, of the various embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention, including, inter alia, the
shanks 20,tubular devices 8, 10,actuating devices 4, 6 withactuating elements 16,disc elements sleeves 28, 37,plate elements 24,protective caps 7 andblade elements 18, are preferably all or at least parts of them made from a PGM material, preferably from oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material or from another suitable ODS material. However, the drive or holding flange, basically, does not necessarily also have to be produced from a PGM material or oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material. Alternatively, as described above, it may however also be produced from a “base” material, such as, for example, a heat-resistant steel. Theshank 20, as described above in the embodiments, is preferably seamless, but at least partially seamless. The same also applies to theactuating elements 16, these, too, being seamless or at least partially seamless. - The disc elements, plate elements and/or supporting rings may be provided with
orifices 11 for weight reduction. - Furthermore the various embodiments and exemplary embodiments, as described above with reference to the drawings, may be combined with one another, in particular individual features of these.
- In particular, the configuration of the actuating device in the first embodiment may also be combined with the reinforced blade elements of the second embodiment. Thus, an apparatus is possible which has an actuating device according to the first embodiment and, in addition, at least one blade element according to the second embodiment. This applies likewise to the other embodiments illustrated in the figures.
- Moreover, the
actuating elements 16,blade elements 18 anddisc elements FIGS. 4 , 5 a, 6 c, 7 a-c, 8 a-c and 9 a-c, do not necessarily have to have a round cross section. Theblade elements 18 may also have cross sections, as illustrated inFIG. 12 b. This also applies correspondingly to theactuating elements 16 and thedisc elements tubular device 8, 10. - The embodiments described above are used in a temperature range with a mean operating temperature of 1000° C.-1500° C. In this temperature range, torques of, for example, up to 100 N·m may be achieved, or torques in ranges of, for example, 10 N·m to 30 N·m or 30 N·m to 80 N·m or up to 100 N·m, with service lives of several years. Furthermore, the length of the agitators or plungers, etc. according to the invention may lie, for example, between 1 m and 2.5 m. The blade elements may have an overhang of up to 500 mm in diameter. As regards the material, quantities of, for example, up to 50 kg of PGM material or oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material can be processed.
-
- 2 Apparatus
- 4 Actuating device
- 5 Drive or holding flange
- 6 Actuating device
- 7 Protective cap
- 8 Tubular device
- 9 First thickened portion
- 10 Tubular device
- 11 Orifice (disc element)
- 12 Disc element
- 13 Projection
- 14 Disc element
- 15 Second thickened portion
- 16 Actuating element
- 18 Blade/blade element
- 19 Portion (on the shank)
- 20 Shank
- 21 Thickened portion
- 22 Orifice (shank)
- 23 Orifice (venting)
- 24 Plate element
- 25 Weld seam
- 26 Break-out
- 27 Upper end (of the plate element)
- 28 Sleeve
- 29 Orifice (shank)
- 30 Slot (in the actuating element for receiving the upper end of the plate element)
- 31 Clearance (sleeve)
- 32 Supporting ring
- 33 Orifice
- 34 Cover
- 35 Orifice
- 36 Disc element
- 37 Sleeve
Claims (31)
1-43. (canceled)
44. An apparatus which is suitable for coming in contact with molten glass, comprising:
a hollow shank which is entirely seamless along an axial length of said shank, and said shank being formed of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material;
a first sleeve which is entirely seamless along an axial length of said shank, said first sleeve being formed of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, and said sleeve being fastened to said shank with a weld free fastener arrangement.
45. The apparatus of claim 44 , further comprising at least one molten glass agitator, and said molten glass agitator extending radially out from said sleeve.
46. The apparatus of claim 44 , wherein said weld free fastener arrangement fastening said sleeve and shank comprises a shrink fit fastening relationship between said sleeve and shank.
47. The apparatus of claim 45 , wherein said weld free fastener arrangement fastening said sleeve and shank comprises a friction fit push-on fastening relationship.
48. The apparatus of claim 44 , wherein said shank and sleeve are completely seamless over their full axial length.
49. The apparatus of claim 44 , further comprising a molten glass agitator, and wherein said first sleeve supports, on an exterior surface thereof, a base portion of said molten glass agitator, and said molten glass agitator extends radially out from said first sleeve, and wherein said molten glass agitator is formed solely of ODS-PGM material, and wherein said molten glass agitator is fastened to said first sleeve by a weld structure.
50. The apparatus of claim 44 , wherein said shank has an upper body portion that is thicker than a lower body portion, and said first sleeve is fastened to said thinner body portion.
51. The apparatus of claim 50 , wherein said thicker body portion is formed of a plurality of telescoped shank tubes defining a thicker shank wall region.
52. The apparatus of claim 51 , wherein, in addition to said first sleeve, said apparatus comprises a second sleeve, and said second sleeve is fastened to the thicker shank wall region and is secured to a molten glass agitator which is welded with a weld to said second sleeve, and wherein there is a vent formed in at least one of said shank tubes defining the thicker shank wall region and which vent is substantially axially aligned with the weld in said second sleeve.
53. The apparatus of claim 44 , further comprising a molten glass agitation assembly and wherein said first sleeve represents a first sleeve amongst a plurality of sleeves mounted on said shank, and said shank having different thicknesses along an axial length thereof, and wherein said agitating assembly comprises a plurality of axially spaced agitation members, with each of said agitation members being fastened to a respective one of said sleeves, and each of said sleeves being seamless and of ODS-PGM, and said sleeves being joined to different wall thickness regions of said shank.
54. The apparatus of claim 53 , wherein each of said agitation members include a disc portion that is welded at an interior region to an exterior surface of a respective one of said sleeves, and wherein each of said agitation members further comprises an above extending flange member and a below extending flange member with each flange member extending axially away from said intermediate positioned disc portion.
55. The apparatus of claim 44 , further comprising a first cap member received within an upper portion of the hollow shank so as to seal off the upper open end of said hollow shank.
56. The apparatus of claim 55 , wherein said cap member is formed of ODS-PGM material and includes an axially extending outer periphery flange portion which abuts an interior surface of said hollow shank and said cap member further comprising an interior portion that extends radially inward as to form a sealing region at the upper end of said shank.
57. The apparatus of claim 56 , wherein said apparatus further comprises a second cap member which is secured at a lower open end of said shank so as to at to form a seal off region at the lower open end of said shank, and said shank comprising a first vent port arranged to vent a region extending between said first and second cap members.
58. The apparatus of claim 57 , wherein said second cap member is secured to said first or a second sleeve member that is arranged on the lower end of said shank, and said second cap member comprises ribs extending in radial fashion.
59. An apparatus which is suitable for coming in contact with molten glass, comprising:
a hollow shank which is entirely seamless along an axial length of said shank, and said shank being formed of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, and said shank having a first, thicker axially extending wall region and a second axially extending wall region that is thinner than said first wall region;
a molten glass agitator that is supported on said shank; and
a first cap member received within an upper portion of the hollow shank so as to form a sealed off upper end region in said shank.
60. The apparatus of claim 59 , wherein said cap member is formed of ODS-PGM material and includes an axially extending outer peripheral flange portion which abuts an interior surface of said shank and an interior cap portion that extends radially inward relative to the outer peripheral flange to form the sealed off upper end region in said shank.
61. The apparatus of claim 60 , wherein said apparatus further comprises a second cap member which is secured at a lower end of said shank so as to at to form a seal region at the lower end of said shank, and said shank comprising a first vent port arranged to vent a region extending between said first and second cap members.
62. The apparatus of claim 61 , wherein said shank comprises a plurality of thickened portions and said second cap member is secured to a first sleeve member that is arranged on the lower end of said shank and represents one of the plurality of thickened portions.
63. The apparatus of claim 59 , wherein the thickened portion of said shank is defined by a plurality of telescoped shank tubes and said first member cap is secured to an interior wall of one of said telescoped shank tubes.
64. The apparatus of claim 59 , wherein said first cap member comprises an outer peripheral flange portion which abuts an interior surface of said shank and an interior cap portion that extends radially inward relative to the outer peripheral flange to form the sealed off upper end region in said shank, and wherein said flange portion extends radially upward and defines a recessed region in said first cap member which is configured to receive, in nesting fashion, a drive or holding extension for use with said apparatus.
65. An apparatus which is suitable for coming in contact with molten glass, comprising:
a hollow shank which is entirely seamless along an axial length of said shank, and said shank being formed of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, and said shank having a plurality of first, thicker axially extending wall regions and a plurality of second axially extending wall regions that are thinner than said first axially extending wall regions, and wherein one or more of said first axially extending wall regions is defined by (a) an entirely seamless sleeve fastened to an internally positioned shank tube surface, with said sleeve being formed of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, and wherein one or more further of said first axially extending wall regions is defined by (b) a stepped differential in thickness in a wall of said shank or (c) a plurality of telescoped shank tubes; and
a molten glass agitator that is supported on said shank by one of said first wall regions.
66. The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein an upper region of said shank comprises means for securement to a drive or holding extension for use with said apparatus, and said upper region represents one of said first axially extending wall regions that is defined by (c).
67. The apparatus of claim 66 , wherein said shank includes a plurality of sleeves (a) and a plurality of molten glass agitators secured to respective sleeves, and with one or more of said sleeves being secured to regions of said shank represented by (b) or (c) and one or more of said sleeves not being supported on regions (b) and (c) of said shank.
68. The apparatus of claim 66 , wherein said means for securement is an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material cap member configured to seal off a region at an upper portion of said shank and said molten glass agitator is secured to a sleeve (a) of said shank with said sleeve (a) being configured as a second cap member positioned to close off a lower opening in the hollow of said shank, and said shank further comprising a vent port positioned to release gas present between said first and second cap members.
69. The apparatus of claim 65 , wherein at least one of said thickened portions is defined by (c) with an interior one of said shank tubes having a vent port formed therein that opens into the hollow of said shank.
70. A method of processing molten glass comprising contacting molten glass with the apparatus according to claim 45 , wherein the apparatus is used at an operating temperature of 1000° C. to 1500° C., and with a torque in a range of 10 N·m to 100 N·m.
71. The method according to claim 70 , wherein the apparatus is used with a torque of up to 50 N·m, at an operating temperature of between 1400° C. and 1500° C.
72. The apparatus of claim 45 , wherein said first sleeve and said shank each have an aperture into which said molten glass agitator extends, and said molten glass agitator being welded to said sleeve at an external portion of said sleeve defining a boundary region of the aperture formed in said sleeve and receiving said molten glass agitator.
73. The apparatus of claim 45 , where said shaft has diametrically opposing apertures and said sleeve has diametrically opposing first and second holes, and said molten glass agitator extends through said diametrically opposing holes and apertures, and said molten glass agitator is secured to said sleeve by a first weld at a boundary region of said first hole and a second weld at a boundary region of said second hole.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/834,930 US20130227993A1 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2013-03-15 | Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007008102.4A DE102007008102B4 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2007-02-19 | Device for use in the glass industry and processes |
DE102007008102.4 | 2007-02-19 | ||
PCT/EP2008/001232 WO2008101649A2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2008-02-18 | Apparatus and method for processing molten glass |
US52764310A | 2010-01-19 | 2010-01-19 | |
US13/834,930 US20130227993A1 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2013-03-15 | Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/001232 Continuation WO2008101649A2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2008-02-18 | Apparatus and method for processing molten glass |
US52764310A Continuation | 2007-02-19 | 2010-01-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130227993A1 true US20130227993A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
Family
ID=39345215
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/527,643 Active 2029-06-18 US8434329B2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2008-02-18 | Apparatus for use in the glass industry and method for processing molten glass |
US13/834,930 Abandoned US20130227993A1 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2013-03-15 | Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/527,643 Active 2029-06-18 US8434329B2 (en) | 2007-02-19 | 2008-02-18 | Apparatus for use in the glass industry and method for processing molten glass |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8434329B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3549919A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5473612B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101531902B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN103224316A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007008102B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2733073T3 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI432389B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008101649A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120180529A1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2012-07-19 | Rudolf Singer | Mixing Apparatus |
EP3112322A4 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2018-01-10 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Stirrer for glass manufacture |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008108943A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-12 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus for fining glass |
CN105209397B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2018-03-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Device for stirring molten glass |
US9611163B2 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2017-04-04 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Process and apparatus for refining molten glass |
JP6275533B2 (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2018-02-07 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | Glass melting stirrer and glass melting furnace |
US20170291840A1 (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2017-10-12 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus for processing glass melt including tube segments joined together at an integral solid-state joint and methods |
EP3059007A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2016-08-24 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Stirrer for stirring molten glass, apparatus for stirring molten glass comprising such a stirrer and use of such a stirrer |
TWI803462B (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2023-06-01 | 美商康寧公司 | Object forming methods |
DE102016121464B4 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2019-05-29 | Schott Ag | Method for producing a device for use in the production of glass and device produced thereby |
CN106994306A (en) * | 2017-05-01 | 2017-08-01 | 无锡市翱宇特新科技发展有限公司 | A kind of spiral agitator of chemical material |
CN109433074A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-08 | 中建材蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of platinum channel stirred tank |
EP4276076A1 (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-11-15 | Schott Ag | Device for producing glass tubes by a vello or down-draw method, method for producing glass tubes by a vello or down-draw method and glass tubes |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3332766A (en) * | 1964-01-09 | 1967-07-25 | Corning Glass Works | Molten glass dispensing plunger needle |
GB1159011A (en) * | 1966-01-06 | 1969-07-23 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Stirring High Temperature Liquids. |
GB1476131A (en) | 1974-01-11 | 1977-06-10 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Stirring |
JPS589830A (en) | 1981-07-08 | 1983-01-20 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Stirrer for glass smelting and its preparation |
JP2591795B2 (en) | 1988-06-28 | 1997-03-19 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Jig for glass production |
DE4326143A1 (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1993-12-09 | Diether Boettger | Stirrers and plungers for molten glass - comprising molybdenum@ or tungsten@ core, ceramic diffusion barrier, and platinum@ coating |
DE4440702C2 (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-04-30 | Ilmenau Tech Glas | Rotary plunger for glass outlet openings |
DE4440704C2 (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1997-02-13 | Ilmenau Tech Glas | Stirrer for molten glass |
DE19809878A1 (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1999-09-09 | Ept Eglass Platinium Technolog | Plunger cell for molten glass stream or droplet conditioning, dosing and preforming prior to entry into a glass molding machine |
JP2001180943A (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-03 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Rabble for molten glass |
AT4238U1 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2001-04-25 | Plansee Ag | MIXER FOR GLASS MELTING |
DE10051946A1 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-05-29 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | Process for the production of tubular construction parts made of PGM materials with radially encircling undulating bulges |
DE50112202D1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2007-04-26 | Schott Ag | COATED PRECIOUS METAL PART IN GLASS MANUFACTURE |
DE20121350U1 (en) | 2001-07-05 | 2002-09-19 | Schott Glas | Electrode unit for use in glass manufacturing |
CN100341806C (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2007-10-10 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for homogenizing molten glass by stirring |
JP2003267734A (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-25 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Device for stirring molten glass |
US7563748B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2009-07-21 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Alcohol alkoxylate carriers for pesticide active ingredients |
EP1680369B1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2012-01-04 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Danner pipe |
DE102004018148B4 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2007-06-14 | Schott Ag | Method and device for the continuous production of calibrated round or profiled glass tubes |
DE102004032795B4 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2007-06-21 | Schott Ag | Stirring device for stirring and homogenizing glass melts |
US20060042318A1 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-02 | Burdette Steven R | Method and apparatus for homogenizing a glass melt |
CN100538144C (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2009-09-09 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Strengthen the airtight joint method of platinum system hollow tube and platinum system flange plate |
-
2007
- 2007-02-19 DE DE102007008102.4A patent/DE102007008102B4/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-02-18 EP EP19170554.0A patent/EP3549919A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-18 CN CN2013101422078A patent/CN103224316A/en active Pending
- 2008-02-18 EP EP08715830.9A patent/EP2114833B1/en active Active
- 2008-02-18 TW TW097105563A patent/TWI432389B/en active
- 2008-02-18 KR KR1020097019498A patent/KR101531902B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-02-18 JP JP2009550670A patent/JP5473612B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-18 ES ES08715830T patent/ES2733073T3/en active Active
- 2008-02-18 WO PCT/EP2008/001232 patent/WO2008101649A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-02-18 US US12/527,643 patent/US8434329B2/en active Active
- 2008-02-18 CN CN200880012035.XA patent/CN101657387B/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-03-15 US US13/834,930 patent/US20130227993A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120180529A1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2012-07-19 | Rudolf Singer | Mixing Apparatus |
EP3112322A4 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2018-01-10 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Stirrer for glass manufacture |
US10435321B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2019-10-08 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Stirrer for glass manufacture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20090122250A (en) | 2009-11-26 |
US20100139322A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
EP2114833A2 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
TW200846297A (en) | 2008-12-01 |
ES2733073T3 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
DE102007008102B4 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
KR101531902B1 (en) | 2015-06-26 |
WO2008101649A2 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
JP5473612B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
CN101657387B (en) | 2014-07-23 |
CN103224316A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
WO2008101649A3 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
EP2114833B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
DE102007008102A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
US8434329B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 |
EP3549919A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
CN101657387A (en) | 2010-02-24 |
WO2008101649A9 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
JP2010519159A (en) | 2010-06-03 |
TWI432389B (en) | 2014-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20130227993A1 (en) | Apparatus For Use In The Glass Industry And Method For Processing Molten Glass | |
SE529741C2 (en) | Procedure for thermal insulation of weld joint and sleeve therefor | |
KR19990028357A (en) | Spray nozzle with welded head for bath stirring | |
US20060096322A1 (en) | Refining chamber made of platinum group metal materials | |
JP5325180B2 (en) | Gas blowing plug and method of manufacturing the same | |
CZ136497A3 (en) | Mixer for melted glass | |
US6463763B2 (en) | Apparatus for stirring glass melts | |
JP6688289B2 (en) | Glass melt processing apparatus and method comprising tube segments joined by an integral solid joint | |
RU2151107C1 (en) | Rotary plunger for glass discharge holes | |
JP2006206439A (en) | Conduit for molten glass, connecting conduit for molten glass and vacuum degassing apparatus | |
US20080141616A1 (en) | Method for Joining Dispersion-Strengthened Alloy | |
EP3915951A1 (en) | Inlay, sleeve shaft with inlay and refractory tube with sleeve shaft | |
US11859916B2 (en) | Flow path member for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger | |
EP3974761B1 (en) | Pressure vessel | |
US10330387B2 (en) | Securing device for a cylindrical ceramic hollow body and fireproof ceramic gas purging brick having such type of securing device | |
JP5340606B2 (en) | Immersion tube for vacuum degassing equipment | |
CN104648852A (en) | High-temperature material conveying tank | |
CN113874330A (en) | Glass melting furnace and method for producing glass article | |
CN116096682A (en) | Tip plate and bushing for bushing | |
JP2003277822A (en) | Immersion tube for molten metal refining facility |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |