US20120273057A1 - Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket - Google Patents

Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20120273057A1
US20120273057A1 US13/539,313 US201213539313A US2012273057A1 US 20120273057 A1 US20120273057 A1 US 20120273057A1 US 201213539313 A US201213539313 A US 201213539313A US 2012273057 A1 US2012273057 A1 US 2012273057A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gasket
drain
shower
weep holes
shower drain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
US13/539,313
Other versions
US9080324B2 (en
Inventor
Leonard Eriksson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovative Leak Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Leonard Eriksson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/401,544 external-priority patent/US20100229297A1/en
Application filed by Leonard Eriksson filed Critical Leonard Eriksson
Priority to US13/539,313 priority Critical patent/US9080324B2/en
Publication of US20120273057A1 publication Critical patent/US20120273057A1/en
Assigned to Innovative Leak Solutions, Inc. reassignment Innovative Leak Solutions, Inc. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERIKSSON, LEONARD
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US9080324B2 publication Critical patent/US9080324B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/041Accessories therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/0407Floor drains for indoor use
    • E03F5/0409Devices for preventing seepage around the floor drain
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • Y10T137/0402Cleaning, repairing, or assembling

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to methods of installing shower drains. Installation methods known in the art have a tendency of clogging the shower drain's weep holes and inhibit their functionality.
  • the present invention comprises a method of preventing material from clogging shower drain weep holes.
  • a gasket for preventing material from clogging the shower drain weep holes is utilized during floor installation.
  • the gasket is comprised of a dissolving porous ring shaped material that covers the shower drain weep holes during floor installation.
  • the shower drain wall and flange surface maintain substantial uniform contact with the gasket.
  • the gasket is composed of biodegradable material that dissolves and seeps through the shower drain weep holes. Three-dimensionally, the material is shaped to form a concaved curve bounded by substantially perpendicular sides to encircle the shower drain. In another preferred embodiment, the gasket is approximately 7 ⁇ 8 ths inch high by 5/2 ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5 ths inch, wherein the gasket comprises nipples disposed angularly between the bottom surface and the inner surface of the gasket for plugging the shower drain weep holes.
  • Biodegradable materials are utilized, chosen from any biodegradable material characterized by dissolvability, to comprise a shower drain weep hole gasket wherein the gasket is resilient to moisture introduced as material is floated during floor installation.
  • the biodegradable gasket eventually disintegrates due to the introduction of moisture coming through the adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use, upon which the disintegrated components of the gasket pass through drain weep holes.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shower drain and uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a shower drain installed with a biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 3 shows multiple nipple section views of the biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • the gasket 10 prevents material from clogging the weep holes 14 of a shower drain 12 wherein the gasket 10 comprises a dissolving porous ring-shaped material that plugs the shower drain 12 weep holes 14 during floor installation.
  • the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and flange surface 18 maintain substantial uniform contact with the gasket 10 .
  • the gasket 10 is composed of a biodegradable material, which will dissolve and seep through the shower drain 12 weep holes 14 .
  • This gasket has a concaved curve bounded by substantially perpendicular sides to encircle the shower drain 12 .
  • the gasket 10 is approximately 7 ⁇ 8 ths inch high by 5/2 ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5 ths inch, wherein notches (shown in FIG. 2 ) are disposed on the bottom surface to accommodate fixed drain bolts 20 .
  • the gasket 10 is shown installed on a shower drain 12 in a uniform contacting manner with the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and flange surface to prevent weep hole 14 clogging.
  • the gasket 10 comprises notches 22 disposed on the bottom surface of the gasket to accommodate fixed drain bolts.
  • FIG. 3 multiple section views of the gasket 10 are shown in a preferred embodiment composed of a biodegradable material, chosen from any biodegradable material characterized by dissolvability.
  • biodegradable products may include corn starch, sugar, salt, biodegradable paper and/or cardboard and others available.
  • the gasket 10 is resilient to moisture introduced as material is floated, but eventually disintegrates due to the introduction of moisture coming through the adjacent floor covering.
  • drain plugs 14 for plugging shower drain weep holes, wherein the drain plugs 14 comprise substantially cylindrical extrusions disposed angularly between the gaskets 10 bottom surface 30 and its inner radial surface 32 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the gasket 10 wherein the gasket's inner surface is in continuous contact with the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and extends above the shower drain 12 .
  • the gasket 10 face above the shower drain 12 is enclosed to form a drain cover 40 to prevent foreign materials from entering the shower drain during construction or floor installation, and which may be removed at a later time.
  • the preferred embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4-5 further comprises a channel 42 , disposed on the bottom surface of the gasket between the substantially perpendicular inner and outer sides of the gasket 10 .
  • the channel 42 accommodates for varying orientations of fixed drain bolts 20 around the flange surface 18 .
  • the preferred embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4-5 further comprises a weep hole cavity 44 , for covering shower drain weep holes, between the gaskets 10 bottom surface 30 and its inner radial surface 32 extending around the inner circumference of the gasket 10 .
  • the weep hole cavity 44 accommodates for varying orientations of shower drain weep holes 14 around the shower drain 12 . It should be noted that some shower drains weep holes are disposed on the edges of the shower drain.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention also serves to cover shower drain weep holes disposed on the edges of shower drains.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4 wherein the drain cover 40 is absent.

Abstract

A ring-shaped biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket is disclosed that slips over the top of the shower drain. The gasket fits tightly over the top of the drain to solve the problem of material clogging the shower drain weep holes and additionally preventing any deck mud or debris from entering and clogging the weep holes during installation. Approximately ⅞ths inch high by 5/2ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5ths inch, the biodegradable shower gasket then surrounds the shower drain's top flange and weep holes. Over a short period of time, the moisture in the cement along with any moisture that seeps through the tile or grout will dissolve the biodegradable gasket creating a permanent opening for water to drain out through the weep holes.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPPLICATION
  • This application is a continuation in part of non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 12/401,544 filed on Mar. 10, 2009, which is currently pending. The prior application is incorporated herein by reference.
  • FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
  • Not Applicable
  • SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM
  • Not Applicable
  • STATEMENT REGARDING COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
  • Portions of the disclosure of this patent document contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
  • BACKGROUND
  • The present invention generally relates to methods of installing shower drains. Installation methods known in the art have a tendency of clogging the shower drain's weep holes and inhibit their functionality.
  • Servicing clogged shower weep holes is a complicated process wherein the method of reaching the weep holes depends on individual plumbers. In any event no method currently exists for unclogging weep holes without considerable effort. Therefore, preventing materials from clogging the shower drain weep holes altogether remains unaddressed.
  • It is therefore the object of the present invention to address the problem of preventing materials from clogging the shower drain weep holes by plugging the holes with a dissolving porous gasket during shower drain floor installation so that the gasket decomposes by action of moisture seeping through the adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use.
  • SUMMARY
  • The present invention comprises a method of preventing material from clogging shower drain weep holes. A gasket for preventing material from clogging the shower drain weep holes is utilized during floor installation. The gasket is comprised of a dissolving porous ring shaped material that covers the shower drain weep holes during floor installation. In a preferred embodiment, the shower drain wall and flange surface maintain substantial uniform contact with the gasket.
  • The gasket is composed of biodegradable material that dissolves and seeps through the shower drain weep holes. Three-dimensionally, the material is shaped to form a concaved curve bounded by substantially perpendicular sides to encircle the shower drain. In another preferred embodiment, the gasket is approximately ⅞ths inch high by 5/2ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5ths inch, wherein the gasket comprises nipples disposed angularly between the bottom surface and the inner surface of the gasket for plugging the shower drain weep holes.
  • Biodegradable materials are utilized, chosen from any biodegradable material characterized by dissolvability, to comprise a shower drain weep hole gasket wherein the gasket is resilient to moisture introduced as material is floated during floor installation. The biodegradable gasket eventually disintegrates due to the introduction of moisture coming through the adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use, upon which the disintegrated components of the gasket pass through drain weep holes.
  • DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shower drain and uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a shower drain installed with a biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 3 shows multiple nipple section views of the biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an uninstalled biodegradable shower drain weep holes gasket.
  • DESCRIPTION
  • Referring to FIG. 1 a gasket is shown and described prior to installation. The gasket 10 prevents material from clogging the weep holes 14 of a shower drain 12 wherein the gasket 10 comprises a dissolving porous ring-shaped material that plugs the shower drain 12 weep holes 14 during floor installation. In a preferred embodiment, the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and flange surface 18 maintain substantial uniform contact with the gasket 10.
  • Still referring to FIG. 1, the gasket 10 is composed of a biodegradable material, which will dissolve and seep through the shower drain 12 weep holes 14. This gasket has a concaved curve bounded by substantially perpendicular sides to encircle the shower drain 12. In yet another preferred embodiment, the gasket 10 is approximately ⅞ths inch high by 5/2ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5ths inch, wherein notches (shown in FIG. 2) are disposed on the bottom surface to accommodate fixed drain bolts 20.
  • Referring to FIG. 2, the gasket 10 is shown installed on a shower drain 12 in a uniform contacting manner with the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and flange surface to prevent weep hole 14 clogging. The gasket 10 comprises notches 22 disposed on the bottom surface of the gasket to accommodate fixed drain bolts.
  • Referring to FIG. 3, multiple section views of the gasket 10 are shown in a preferred embodiment composed of a biodegradable material, chosen from any biodegradable material characterized by dissolvability. For example, biodegradable products may include corn starch, sugar, salt, biodegradable paper and/or cardboard and others available. During floor installation the gasket 10 is resilient to moisture introduced as material is floated, but eventually disintegrates due to the introduction of moisture coming through the adjacent floor covering.
  • Still referring to the preferred embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 3, comprises drain plugs 14 for plugging shower drain weep holes, wherein the drain plugs 14 comprise substantially cylindrical extrusions disposed angularly between the gaskets 10 bottom surface 30 and its inner radial surface 32.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the gasket 10 wherein the gasket's inner surface is in continuous contact with the shower drain 12 outer wall 16 and extends above the shower drain 12. The gasket 10 face above the shower drain 12 is enclosed to form a drain cover 40 to prevent foreign materials from entering the shower drain during construction or floor installation, and which may be removed at a later time.
  • The preferred embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4-5, further comprises a channel 42, disposed on the bottom surface of the gasket between the substantially perpendicular inner and outer sides of the gasket 10. The channel 42 accommodates for varying orientations of fixed drain bolts 20 around the flange surface 18.
  • The preferred embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4-5, further comprises a weep hole cavity 44, for covering shower drain weep holes, between the gaskets 10 bottom surface 30 and its inner radial surface 32 extending around the inner circumference of the gasket 10. The weep hole cavity 44 accommodates for varying orientations of shower drain weep holes 14 around the shower drain 12. It should be noted that some shower drains weep holes are disposed on the edges of the shower drain. The preferred embodiment of the invention also serves to cover shower drain weep holes disposed on the edges of shower drains.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the gasket 10 shown in FIG. 4 wherein the drain cover 40 is absent.
  • All features disclosed in this specification, including any accompanying claim, abstract, and drawings, may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
  • Any element in a claim that does not explicitly state “means for” performing a specified function, or “step for” performing a specific function, is not to be interpreted as a “means” or “step” clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6. In particular, the use of “step of” in the claims herein is not intended to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6.
  • Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.

Claims (13)

1. A method of preventing material from clogging shower drain weep holes, comprising covering the holes with a dissolving porous gasket during floor installation, wherein the gasket decomposes by action of moisture seeping through an adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use.
2. A gasket for preventing material from clogging shower drain weep holes of a shower drain, wherein the gasket is shaped as a ring with an exterior arched surface giving the gasket an overall appearance of a flying saucer, said gasket having a flat bottom surface with notches that substantially surround heads of fixed drain bolts to ensure a snug fit around the heads of drain bolts, and said bottom surface covers shower drain weep holes during floor installation, and wherein the gasket decomposes by action of moisture seeping through an adjacent floor covering once a shower drain is in use.
3. The gasket of claim 2, wherein the gasket is in the form of a concaved curve bounded by substantially perpendicular sides and encircling the shower drain.
4. The gasket of claim 2, wherein the gasket is approximately ⅞ths inch high by 5/2ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5ths inch.
5. The gasket of claim 2, wherein notches are disposed on a bottom surface of the gasket to accommodate fixed drain bolts.
6. The gasket of claim 2, wherein the gasket is made from biodegradable materials.
7. The gasket of claim 7, wherein the materials comprising the gasket may be chosen from any biodegradable dissolvable material.
8. The gasket of claim 2, wherein the gasket is resilient to moisture introduced as material is floated during floor installation, but eventually disintegrates due to the introduction of moisture coming through the adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use.
9. The gasket of claim 2, wherein disintegrated components of the gasket pass through drain weep holes.
10. The gasket of claim 2, wherein the gasket maintains substantial uniform contact with an outer drain wall and a flange surface.
11. A gasket for preventing material from clogging shower drain weep holes of a shower drain, comprising
a dissolving porous gasket that covers shower drain weep holes, the gasket having an inner surface that is in continuous contact with a shower drain's outer wall,
a channel disposed on a bottom surface of the gasket between substantially perpendicular inner and outer sides of the gasket, and
a weep hole cavity for covering shower drain weep holes, between the gasket's bottom surface and its inner radial surface, and extending around an inner circumference of the gasket
wherein the gasket decomposes by action of moisture seeping through the adjacent floor covering once the drain is in use.
12. The gasket of claim 11, wherein the gasket extends above the shower drain forming a drain cover to prevent foreign materials from entering the shower drain during construction or floor installation.
13. The gasket of claim 11, wherein the gasket is approximately ⅞ths inch high by 5/2ths inch wide at an inner diameter of 31/5ths inch.
US13/539,313 2009-03-10 2012-06-30 Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket Active 2030-04-27 US9080324B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/539,313 US9080324B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2012-06-30 Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/401,544 US20100229297A1 (en) 2009-03-10 2009-03-10 Biodegradable Shower Weep Hole Gasket
US13/539,313 US9080324B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2012-06-30 Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/401,544 Continuation-In-Part US20100229297A1 (en) 2009-03-10 2009-03-10 Biodegradable Shower Weep Hole Gasket

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120273057A1 true US20120273057A1 (en) 2012-11-01
US9080324B2 US9080324B2 (en) 2015-07-14

Family

ID=47066970

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/539,313 Active 2030-04-27 US9080324B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2012-06-30 Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US9080324B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014186770A1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-11-20 Infra-Tect, Llc Beveled insert for facilitating coupling pipes
USD749707S1 (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-02-16 Kaiping Xinmingguang Hardware Products Co., Ltd. Floor drain
EP3031990A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-15 HL Hutterer & Lechner GmbH Floor drain

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230011280A1 (en) * 2021-07-08 2023-01-12 Serge Ouzilleau Flow Restrictor for protecting weep holes in Shower drains

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2394964A (en) * 1943-04-15 1946-02-12 Felix E Wormser Drain fitting
US2743786A (en) * 1954-04-29 1956-05-01 Lawrence N Boosey Testing plug for floor drain
US5216757A (en) * 1992-07-06 1993-06-08 Joshua Dorkin Knot simulating neck tie clasp
US8813273B2 (en) * 2004-09-17 2014-08-26 Dlp Limited Waste water outlet unit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2394964A (en) * 1943-04-15 1946-02-12 Felix E Wormser Drain fitting
US2743786A (en) * 1954-04-29 1956-05-01 Lawrence N Boosey Testing plug for floor drain
US5216757A (en) * 1992-07-06 1993-06-08 Joshua Dorkin Knot simulating neck tie clasp
US8813273B2 (en) * 2004-09-17 2014-08-26 Dlp Limited Waste water outlet unit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD749707S1 (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-02-16 Kaiping Xinmingguang Hardware Products Co., Ltd. Floor drain
WO2014186770A1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-11-20 Infra-Tect, Llc Beveled insert for facilitating coupling pipes
EP3031990A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-15 HL Hutterer & Lechner GmbH Floor drain

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9080324B2 (en) 2015-07-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9080324B2 (en) Biodegradable shower weep hole gasket
US20170051471A1 (en) Free-flowing waterproofing system
US7615148B1 (en) Seawall filter
US20100229297A1 (en) Biodegradable Shower Weep Hole Gasket
US1523977A (en) Pole foundation
JPH09316874A (en) Support pile as measure against liquefaction
JP2020023838A (en) Suction substructure
JP2008106484A (en) Base-isolated drainage structure
JP2011074757A (en) Method for forming groove on concrete surface
JP2753941B2 (en) Slope protection method
JP2007051470A (en) Throating cover
KR20200000035U (en) A drain pipe for sewage
US7086197B1 (en) Method and apparatus for dispensing termiticide
KR200172110Y1 (en) A cover for mounting on the roadside drains
US20040055245A1 (en) Wall cap corner aid
CN219527709U (en) Precipitation well protection architecture
US1502271A (en) Protector for pipe connections
JP4210387B2 (en) Drainage construction method for soil concrete for housing
KR102657622B1 (en) Reinforcing device that promotes the stability of the ground surface
US20230011280A1 (en) Flow Restrictor for protecting weep holes in Shower drains
CN212506562U (en) Building waterproof structure
JP7044635B2 (en) Drain pipe
JP6791547B2 (en) Vertical gutter structure of seismic isolated building and joint unit
KR200223498Y1 (en) spiral pipe with screen device for through hole
KR200456309Y1 (en) penetration sleeve

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: INNOVATIVE LEAK SOLUTIONS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ERIKSSON, LEONARD;REEL/FRAME:035794/0234

Effective date: 20150605

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: SURCHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENT, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2554); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 4

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 8